Is low blood pressure always an emergency? What are the symptoms and causes of dangerously low blood pressure? Get the answers to these questions and more in our comprehensive guide.

Understanding Blood Pressure: The Basics

A well-functioning circulatory system is essential for overall health and well-being. The heart pumps blood through a network of arteries, veins, and other vessels, delivering oxygen, nutrients, and other essential elements to the body’s organs and tissues. Blood pressure is the measurement of the force exerted by the blood on the walls of these vessels as the heart pumps.

Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers: the systolic pressure (the first number), which represents the pressure created when the heart contracts and fills the arteries with blood, and the diastolic pressure (the second number), which represents the pressure when the heart is at rest. For most people, a “normal” blood pressure range falls between 90/60 mm Hg and 120/80 mm Hg.

What is Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)?

Blood pressure that is consistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg is considered low, or hypotension. There are several types of low blood pressure, each with its own causes and characteristics:

Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension

A sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, common in older adults and those who have been sitting or squatting for a long time.

Postprandial Hypotension

A drop in blood pressure after eating, typically affecting older adults, especially those with Parkinson’s disease.

Neurally Mediated Hypotension

A condition in which children and young adults experience a drop in blood pressure after standing for an extended period.

Severe Hypotension

A sudden and significant drop in blood pressure due to factors like blood loss, heart attack, infection, or allergic reaction.

Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure

Some people with chronic low blood pressure do not experience any symptoms, and the condition may not require treatment. However, for others, low blood pressure can lead to severe symptoms or indicate an underlying problem.

Milder symptoms of low blood pressure include dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, blurred vision, and rapid or jumpy heartbeats. When blood pressure drops very low, very quickly, the heart, brain, and other organs may not receive enough blood, leading to more severe symptoms like clammy skin, rapid and shallow breathing, and confusion or sleepiness.

When is Low Blood Pressure an Emergency?

In most cases, low blood pressure is not a medical emergency, but it can become one in certain situations. If you experience any of the following severe symptoms, it is important to seek immediate medical attention:

• Mental confusion
• Blue or pale skin
• Loss of consciousness
• Difficulty breathing
• Weak or rapid pulse

These symptoms may indicate that your organs are not receiving adequate blood flow, a condition known as shock. Shock is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to prevent organ damage or even death.

Causes of Severe Low Blood Pressure

Severe low blood pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Sudden blood loss (from internal or external bleeding)
• Heart attack or other cardiovascular event
• Severe infection (sepsis)
• Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
• Dehydration
• Certain medications

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of severe low blood pressure, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention, as these conditions can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Managing Low Blood Pressure

If your low blood pressure is not severe and you are not experiencing any concerning symptoms, your healthcare provider may simply monitor your condition and provide recommendations to help manage it. This may include:

• Increasing fluid and salt intake
• Wearing compression stockings
• Adjusting or discontinuing certain medications
• Engaging in regular exercise
• Maintaining a healthy diet

In cases of severe or persistent low blood pressure, your healthcare provider may recommend additional treatment options, such as medications to increase blood pressure or other interventions to address the underlying cause.

When is Low Blood Pressure An Emergency?

A functional circulatory system is essential to your overall health and wellbeing.

More than 100,000 times a day, your heart pumps blood through a closed system of arteries, veins, and other blood vessels to the organs, tissues, and cells that make up your entire body.

Your blood picks up and distributes oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other elements as it travels.

It also absorbs waste products and helps your body eliminate them. 

Blood pressure is a measurement that tells doctors how intensely your blood exerts force on the walls of your veins as your heart pumps blood through your circulatory system.

When you visit a healthcare provider, they record your blood pressure as two measurements: systolic blood pressure, the first number, and diastolic blood pressure, the second number. 

Systolic blood pressure is the amount of pressure in the arteries that your heart creates when it pumps and fills the arteries with blood.

Diastolic blood pressure is the amount of pressure in your veins when your heart is at rest.

Once doctors have both numbers, they can determine whether you have normal blood pressure, low blood pressure (hypotension), or high blood pressure (hypertension).

Blood pressure can change as you move through your day, but it can put you at risk for other serious health complications if it is chronically or excessively low or high.

Chronic low blood pressure can mean that your heart, lungs, brain, and other vital organs don’t receive enough blood to function correctly. 

If you have low blood pressure but don’t experience symptoms, your condition is not severe.

That said, for some people, low blood pressure can lead to feelings of dizziness, weakness, nausea, pale skin, vision changes, and other symptoms.

When someone experiences a sudden drop in blood pressure or has very low blood pressure, they may experience more severe symptoms like shock, low heart rate, shallow breathing, and clammy skin.  

In rare cases, low blood pressure can become a medical emergency.

If you are experiencing mental confusion, blue or pale skin, loss of consciousness, difficulty breathing, low pulse, or other severe symptoms, call 9-1-1 or go to your nearest emergency room for immediate medical attention. 

What is Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)?

Blood pressure is the measurement that tells doctors about the force of blood in your circulatory system.

Your blood pressure reading is expressed as two numbers.

The first number, your systolic pressure, indicates how much pressure your heart creates when it beats, and your veins are full of blood.

The second number, your diastolic pressure, is the amount of pressure in your veins when your heart is at rest. 

Blood pressure can change throughout the day, depending on the person, physical activity, the stress they experience, and other factors. 

For most people, blood pressure levels remain within what doctors consider a “normal” range: 90/60 mm Hg and 120/80 mm Hg.

Anything higher than 120/80 mm Hg is elevated or high blood pressure (hypertension).

Anything lower than 90/60 mm Hg is low blood pressure (hypotension).

Four major types of low blood pressure are delineated based on the causes of low blood pressure, symptoms, and other factors. They include: 

• Orthostatic hypotension or postural hypotension: People with this condition experience a sudden drop in blood pressure when they stand up too quickly. It’s common in older adults but can affect younger people who have been sitting or squatting for a long time.

• Postprandial hypotension: People (mostly older adults) with this condition have a drop in blood pressure after they eat. It most commonly affects people with Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.

• Neurally mediated hypotension: Children and young adults experience this condition after standing for a long time. 

• Severe hypotension: People with this condition experience symptoms after a sudden and significant loss of blood, heart attack, infection, or allergic reaction.

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Symptoms

Some people with chronic low blood pressure readings do not experience any symptoms.

In those cases, the condition may not require any treatment.

For others, however, low blood pressure can lead to severe symptoms or indicate an underlying problem.

Milder symptoms of low blood pressure include:

• Back pain 
• Blurry vision
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating.
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Faded vision
• Feeling faint or lightheaded
• Headache
• Rapid or jumpy heartbeats

When blood pressure gets very low, very fast, your heart, brain, and other organs may not get the blood they need to function correctly, and you can go into shock.

Patients that have gone into shock may experience: 

• Clammy, blue, cold skin
• Rapid, shallow breathing 
• Sluggishness, sleepiness, or confusion
• Weak pulse or rapid pulse

Shock is a medical emergency and, in severe cases, can be fatal.

If you or someone you know has low blood pressure and is experiencing symptoms of shock, call 9-1-1 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

Causes

Patients can have or develop low blood pressure for many reasons.

Some people have naturally lower blood pressure than others.

As long as they don’t experience symptoms, doctors consider them healthy.

Specific health issues can cause low blood pressure for some patients.

The most common causes include:

• Adrenal insufficiency
• Age-associated blood pressure regulation decline
• Alcoholism
• A history of heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmias, or other heart problems
• Diabetes
• Heat exhaustion or heat stroke
• Hypothyroidism
• Lack of fluids (dehydration) 
• Liver disease
• Low blood sugar
• Nerve damage 
• Nutritional deficiencies like a lack of iron (anemia), folic acid, and vitamin B12
• Parathyroid disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• Pregnancy
• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Severe blood loss from traumatic injury or internal bleeding 
• Severe infections (septicemia)

Some prescription medications, over-the-counter treatment options, and street drugs can also put patients at greater risk of developing low blood pressure. For example:

• Alpha-blockers and other high blood pressure medications
• Beta-blockers and other heart medications
• Erectile dysfunction medications 
• High blood pressure medications 
• Narcotics
• Tricyclic antidepressants 

When Hypotension is an Emergency

For most people, hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a condition that patients can manage with lifestyle changes and medicine.

However, in extreme cases, a patient with low blood pressure may develop severe symptoms that require immediate medical attention.

Underlying Conditions

Sometimes, low blood pressure can indicate the presence of severe conditions that are dangerous or even life-threatening.

For example, patients experiencing a heart attack or heart failure can develop low blood pressure, as can people with severe infections.

A severe allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock is one of the causes of low blood pressure.

Those who experience a loss of significant blood volume due to traumatic injury, burn, or internal bleeding can also develop symptoms of low blood pressure as a result.

If you are experiencing chest pain, rapid or shallow breathing, loss of consciousness, or seeing a blue tinge on your skin, these could be signs that you need immediate medical attention.

Call 9-1-1 or go to your nearest emergency room.

Sudden drops

Even when it’s small, a sudden drop in blood pressure can be a serious health problem.

If blood pressure drops sharply, the brain doesn’t receive enough blood to function correctly.

Even a drop of 20 mm Hg within a few minutes can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and other uncomfortable symptoms. 

Risks of low blood pressure 

Patients can experience dizziness, fainting, and falls, a dangerous complication for older adults.

In serious cases, severe drops in blood pressure can decrease the blood flow to the heart and brain so much that they damage the organ’s ability to function.

Severe hypotension has been linked to stroke, shock, and cardiovascular issues.

When to Go to the ER

Low blood pressure can be a serious, even life-threatening condition.

If you or someone you know is experiencing extreme symptoms, call 9-1-1 or go to your nearest emergency room for treatment right away. 

Emergency symptoms may include: 

• Cold, clammy, or sweaty skin 
• A bluish tint to the skin 
• Chest pain
• Rapid breathing 
• Shallow breathing 
• Vision changes 
• Confusion 
• Loss of consciousness

If you experience symptoms after taking medication or have been diagnosed with low blood pressure and are experiencing an increased frequency in even mild symptoms, call your doctor to discuss your condition and next steps.

How to Treat Hypotension

If you have low blood pressure that doesn’t cause symptoms or only occasionally causes mild lightheadedness, you may not need to treat your condition.

If you have more significant symptoms, your doctor might suggest several lifestyle and medication changes for you to use to regulate your blood pressure better and improve your overall health and wellbeing.

Lifestyle changes

There are a few changes you can make to reduce the signs and symptoms of low blood pressure. They include: 

• Eating more salt: Increasing dietary sodium may help raise your blood pressure and keep it more regulated. 

• Drinking water: Increasing your intake of fluids can increase the blood you have in your body and help raise your blood pressure.

• Avoiding alcoholic beverages: Alcohol lowers blood pressure and should be avoided by patients who struggle with symptoms. 

• Eating small meals: Enjoying smaller meals more frequently can help you avoid the extreme eating-associated changes in blood pressure that can occur with heavier meals.

• Wearing compression socks or elastic abdominal binders: Compression socks and abdominal binders are designed to maintain blood flow and reduce swelling, which can help address the root cause of postural hypotension.

• Move slowly: Changing posture positions quickly can lead to drops in blood pressure. Avoid sitting or standing up too suddenly.

Medication changes

If you have made lifestyle changes and still experience symptoms related to low blood pressure, talk to your doctor about medication changes you can make to regulate your circulatory system better. 

Medications that can help address low blood pressure include: 

• Fludrocortisone (Florinef)
• Midodrine (Orvaten)

If you have been prescribed a medication that puts you at risk for low blood pressure, or if you experience symptoms like lightheadedness or feeling faint after taking a medication, talk to your doctor about switching to a treatment option that you can better tolerate.

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When to See a Doctor

Low blood pressure can lead to health complications if left untreated.

If you suspect you have low blood pressure or are experiencing any symptoms that you think might be related to blood pressure, call your doctor to make an appointment.

If you or someone you know is experiencing severe symptoms, including difficulty breathing, chest pain, clammy or blue skin, loss of consciousness, or confusion, that may indicate a medical emergency.

Call 9-1-1 or go to your nearest emergency room immediately.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the lowest blood pressure can be before seeking emergency medical help?

People experience low blood pressure differently. Some have low blood pressure and don’t experience symptoms, while others are more debilitated. If you have low blood pressure and begin to experience symptoms like cold, clammy, blue skin, rapid or shallow breathing, heart palpitations or chest pain, confusion, or loss of consciousness, you may need medical attention. Seek emergency care immediately.

Can low blood pressure be treated at home?

Low blood pressure can be life-threatening if left untreated. You can make specific lifestyle changes to help regulate and raise your blood pressure, but you should only use them to augment your doctor’s recommended treatment plan, not replace it.

Which is more harmful: low or high blood pressure?

If it is too high or too low, blood pressure can cause health complications. Therefore, always aim for a blood pressure reading in the normal range, between 90/60 mm Hg and 120/80 mm Hg.

K Health articles are all written and reviewed by MDs, PhDs, NPs, or PharmDs and are for informational purposes only. This information does not constitute and should not be relied on for professional medical advice. Always talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any treatment.

K Health has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions,
and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references.

• Low blood pressure: Also Known as Hypotension. (Date Unknown).
  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/low-blood-pressure

• Low Blood Pressure. (2022). ​
  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007278.htm

• Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension). (2021).
  https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/abg6277

• Understanding Blood Pressure Readings. (2022).
  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings

• Blood Pressure: When Blood Pressure is Too Low. (2022).
  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/low-blood-pressure-when-blood-pressure-is-too-low

• Amazing Heart Facts. (1997).
  https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/heart/heartfacts.html

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Low blood pressure – Hypotension, how to increase blood pressure? – Health World

What is low blood pressure?

Normal blood pressure ranges from 90/60 to 120/80 mmHg. If the pressure readings are less than 90/60, the pressure is considered low. This condition is called hypotension.

Each person has his own normal (working) pressure, so hypotension is usually called pressure, which is 20% lower than the working one. Many (most often thin women) live with hypotension for years and feel great. Doctors believe that these people are lucky – they are less likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases.

Symptoms of low blood pressure

• Headache in the temples, sometimes headache in the back of the head or in the forehead is the most common symptom of low blood pressure. This symptom is directly related to circulatory disorders of the cerebral vessels.
• Dizziness, both sudden and after a sudden change in body position, especially in the morning, are also characteristic symptoms of low blood pressure. Usually dizziness is accompanied by darkening of the eyes, noise in the head, sometimes even fainting. Therefore, people with low blood pressure are not recommended to get out of bed abruptly.
• Feeling of weakness, fatigue, inactivity. Such people get tired very quickly, this is especially acute at the end of the working day – attention and memory decrease, the person becomes absent-minded, irritable, and he has mood swings. It is very difficult for them to be in the same position for a long time, for example, standing in line or washing dishes.
• Hypotension is often accompanied by vegetative disorders – sweating of the palms and feet, violations of thermoregulation – a decrease in temperature to 35.8 – 36 C, sometimes there may be a feeling of incomplete inspiration or shortness of breath during physical exertion.

What to do with low pressure?

If your blood pressure is consistently low but you feel good, there is no need to do anything. If you are concerned about nausea, dizziness or fainting, you need to consult a general practitioner in St. Petersburg.
The frequent occurrence of low blood pressure symptoms may indicate the presence of various diseases. In order to identify the cause, doctors conduct various examinations: ultrasound of the heart, blood vessels, ECG, FGDS. The therapist can refer to narrow specialists: a cardiac surgeon, a gastroenterologist, an endocrinologist, a neurologist. It is important to find out the true cause, because the method of treatment depends on the diagnosis.

General recommendations for hypotension:

• Drink plenty of fluids and salt. In summer, a person quickly loses water and minerals.
• Drink coffee, tea or cocoa. Drinks with caffeine give a good effect, though short-term.
• Avoid stuffiness, extreme stress or fright.
• Maintain a good mood.
• Perform simple exercises that are useful for hypotension: sit in a cross-legged position, clench and unclench your fists, work with a manual expander.

What to do if there is a sudden drop in pressure?

First, you need to take a supine position. If there is no way to lie down, you must definitely sit down and tilt your head as low as possible, between your knees. This position will ensure the flow of the required amount of blood to the brain and well-being will immediately improve.

Secondly, you should immediately drink a glass of water or, best of all, strong sweet tea. When fainting, you can revive him with a bottle of essential oils or ammonia. It is necessary to bring the bottle to the nose and lightly smear the whiskey. These measures will help in the shortest possible time to normalize blood pressure and bring a person back to normal.

Consequences of low blood pressure

• In children and adolescents, hypotension often occurs due to rapid growth, a malfunction occurs in the autonomic nervous system. As a result, when you change your posture or bend over, you get dizzy, fainting, which leads to injuries and accidents. In this case, physical activity is recommended – running, swimming, walking is better. Children usually outgrow the problem and hypotension goes away on its own.
• Hypotension in adulthood, especially in atherosclerosis, can cause ischemic stroke. In addition, with hypotension, angina pectoris and atherocardiosclerosis rapidly progress.
• Low blood pressure during pregnancy can even cause loss of the baby. Such expectant mothers should follow the doctor’s recommendations: walk more in the fresh air, have good sleep and nutrition.

Last update: 06/17/2021

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whether it is necessary to raise it and what to do in case of fainting

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July 20, 2021

read 5-7 minutes

Blood pressure is one of the most important indicators of health, depending mainly on vascular tone and the volume of circulating blood. Everyone knows about the dangers of high blood pressure. What do doctors say about low?

The normal level of pressure at any age is less than 140/90 mm Hg. Art. An increase in blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg. Art. called arterial hypertension, or hypertension. This condition is dangerous for the development of strokes, heart attacks and other cardiovascular complications, requires treatment and medical supervision even if you do not feel it. What can be said about low blood pressure?

Natalya Polenova — PhD, family doctor, cardiologist, pediatric cardiologist, nutritionist at GMS Clinic.

Hypotension (lower than 90/60 blood pressure) is usually not a health hazard. Constantly lowered blood pressure numbers often occur in young girls of a fragile physique, but this, as a rule, does not affect the quality of life.

Permanent hypotension in good health does not require treatment. But, if the pressure dropped sharply and this led to fainting or caused a pre-fainting state, medical assistance and additional examination may be required.

Particular attention should be paid to lowering blood pressure in the following situations:

Orthostatic hypotension is a loss of consciousness with a sharp change in body position from horizontal to vertical, for example, when getting up from a bed. Because of this, the volume of circulating blood is redistributed and the blood supply to the brain is temporarily reduced. Often this condition occurs in pregnant women due to changes in the circulatory system and a shift in the center of gravity. Therefore, during pregnancy, it is important to avoid sudden movements and carefully get out of the car or get up from the chair.

Taking drugs to lower blood pressure. The goal of antihypertensive therapy is to achieve a sustained reduction in blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg. st, but without episodes of a sharp decline. Inappropriate dosage of the drug can cause hypotension – this leads to weakness, fatigue during exercise and dizziness. In this case, it is necessary to conduct daily monitoring of blood pressure and adjust therapy.

Fainting is a short-term loss of consciousness due to impaired blood supply to the brain. For a complete loss of consciousness, a sudden cessation of cerebral blood flow for 6–8 seconds is sufficient.

Types of fainting:

• reflex, from fear, pain, heat or stuffiness;
• orthostatic, with a sharp transition to a vertical position;
• cardiogenic, in diseases of the heart or blood vessels, as well as due to cardiac arrhythmias.

After a sudden loss of consciousness, especially if this is a repeated case, you need to seek medical help. You may need to consult a therapist, cardiologist, neurologist. In addition, it is important to undergo examinations: Holter monitoring, record an ECG and conduct an MRI of the brain. And also examine the level of sugar, iron and thyroid hormones.

Prevention of a sharp drop in blood pressure

Avoid situations that provoke a decrease in pressure (do not get out of bed abruptly, try to avoid stuffy and hot rooms, as well as stress).

A quick intake of cold water can also prevent orthostatic hypotension (fainting with a sudden change in body position).

Simple exercises such as crossing the legs, clenching the hand into a fist can help to quickly and effectively increase blood pressure and prevent fainting.

Tilt training—regular training that mimics getting up from a prone position in young people with recurrent syncope can significantly reduce the incidence of hypotensive conditions.

First aid for fainting

With a sharp drop in blood pressure, you need to lie down, raise your legs higher and open a window to increase oxygen access and, if possible, drink water.

To maintain a normal level of blood pressure at any age, the following are important: constant physical activity, sufficient fluid intake and a balanced diet. It is important to remember that normal pressure numbers are less than 140/90 mmHg Art.

Pediatric cardiologist
Nutritionist (nutritionist)
Cardiologist
Family doctor
Therapist

RBC source

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