A picture of aheart: Ilustration Picture of Anatomical Structures – Heart

25.07.197816.11.2021 by alexxlab

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The history of a picture that changed the world

Zbigniew Religa after a 23 hour heart transplant, watching his patient’s vital signs. Image via National Geographic.

National Geographic chose this as the best picture of 1987, and for good reason. Here, we see Dr. Zbigniew Religa keeping watch on the vital signs of a patient after a 23 hour heart surgery he conducted. In the lower right corner, you can see one of his colleagues who helped him with the surgery fallen asleep. Dr. Religa was a pioneer of heart transplantation in Poland, and even though the surgery was considered borderline impossible at the time, he took the chance, and the operation was entirely successful. Today, even though Dr. Religa’s heart has stopped beating, the one of his patient is still running.

Zbigniew Religa conducted the first successful heart transplantation in the country, and in June 1995 he was the first surgeon to graft an artificial valve created from materials taken from human corpses. In parallel to being a surgeon he also had a successful political carreer, though outside Poland he is still chiefly known for his medical achievements. In 1993, he became a member of the Polish senate and was re-elected in 2001. He was a promising candidate in the 2005 Polish presidential elections; even as he backed out of the presidential race with only 6% of the votes, he earned significant respect from the Polish population.

In 1987, the proposed heart transplant procedure received the green light, and Religa didn’t waste a single moment. The surgery was extremely demanding, lasting 23 hours, at the end of which Religa was photographed looking at his patient’s vital signs. The angst and fatigue really transcend the image, and the more you look at it, the more you see – everything adds a new dimension. The surgeon sleeping in the corner, the bloody mess, the myriad of cables… I just don’t get tired of looking at it. But when James Stansfield took this picture, he didn’t just tell a story of a surgery – in a way, he changed the world.

Tadeusz Zitkevits, the patient who received the heart transplant, 25 years after the surgery. Image via National Geographic.

He showed a different side of modern medicine – he showed that it’s possible to achieve the impossible. It’s a hard, it takes a long time and it’s exhausting, but you can transplant a man’s heart and make him healthy again. The fact that his patient, Tadeusz Zitkevits, outlived Religa is only a testament of the surgery’s success.

This video is in Polish, but it’s well worth it; it captures some moments of celebration after the surgery and bits of footage from the actual surgery.

Today, heart transplants save many lives which would otherwise be doomed. While it’s not technically a cure for heart or coronary disease, heart transplants typically have very good survival rates. It’s thanks to very talented and caring doctors like Zbigniew Religa that this is possible today; and it’s thanks to photographers like James Stansfield that we can truly admire their work.

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Heart Mongers

The heroes of our article know this simple truth: love is a boomerang that comes right back to you once thrown. The thankful eyes of a dog that you’ve just adopted, a cat that comes to kiss you the moment you wake up, or a precious “gift” from your neighbor’s dog who knows you need support. Love comes in all shapes, and be sure, you’ll notice it around you if your heart is open.

The symbol of the heart has been known since very ancient times – one might say, from antiquity.The adherents of the first compare the sign of the heart with an ivy leaf. This plant is known for the fact that additional roots emerging from the stems twine around objects that are next to it. Among the ancient Romans and Greeks, ivy personified deep affection, therefore, the image of this plant was often decorated with tombstones. Apparently, over time, the meaning of the symbol has transformed from affection into a sign of love.

The scientist notes that the ancient Greeks worshiped the goddess of love Aphrodite, admiring the ideal shape of her thighs. In Syracuse, Aphrodite Callipyga was revered, which literally translates as “Aphrodite the Beautiful Ass,” and a temple was even built in her honor. And after a while, this pagan symbol, according to the professor, came to Europe, although there it was given a slightly different meaning and slightly changed its shape.

The heart symbol is based on a square (set at an angle so that a rhombus is obtained, on the two upper edges of which are the halves of a circle, or, alternatively, the two upper lines are continued, intersect with a cross and bend to the corners of the square, hugging it).From time immemorial, this figure was an ancient sign of earth and fertility, associated exclusively with the feminine principle and the birth of a new life. The two semicircles above are symbols of light, or it can be interpreted as a sign of “acceptance under divine protection.” Perhaps people of the past tried to express the formula of life in this symbol: the sacred meaning of the cross must be understood as “I am,” next to it is a house, woman, land and the protection of the family by higher powers. By the way, during archaeological work in France, just such an image was found, where the geometric foundations of the figure were visible – that is, the modern look of the “heart” can be a simplified version with a partial loss of the deep meaning of guarantees of protection: a person presenting a heart symbol to a woman, thereby hinted at the mercy of heaven, and promised personal care for the safety of offspring and a common home.It must be admitted that this is a more thorough understanding of love than is accepted in modern times … however, it is also not devoid of its advantages.

The mystics perceived the heart as the container of the spirit. Alchemists considered the heart to be the personification of the sun within a person, like gold, personifying the image of the sun on earth. Philosophers of later times saw in the heart the engine of the progress of thought, the source of passion and the focus of life. Astrologers view the heartbeat as a reflection of cosmic vibrations, complementary processes of expansion and contraction, evolution and degradation.

For the ancient Egyptians, the heart was the seat of the soul, and it was the key to the afterlife at the Judgment of the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, which is described in detail in the Book of the Dead, so the heart of the deceased was embalmed and buried in special vessels. One of the versions of the Egyptian representation of the cosmos also says that the god Ptah embodied the creation of the living in his heart, which is the receptacle of thought (which corresponds to the results of modern research, which recognized the organ-heart as the “fifth spiritual brain”).In the Bible, we can easily find a similar statement: “I, the Lord, penetrate the heart” (man’s intentions) (Jer. 17), “From the heart come evil thoughts” (Matt. 15).

The spiritual aspect of the creation of the world supports the interpretation of the heart as the image of the center of the world. In the vertical of the human body, the central position is occupied by the heart, in which all qualities and forces are concentrated. Love symbolism is associated with the heart because this feeling is a fundamental spiritual value that uplifts a person and expands his own physical nature.In all likelihood, the scarlet symbol eventually became a female amulet precisely because of its connection with tender and romantic feelings.

The heart symbol with various additions is also widely popular. The heart pierced by an arrow is one of the most widely known allegories of love that enjoyed great popularity in the Renaissance (pink-cheeked cupids shooting arrows were favorites of art!) But this image may have a different meaning: an arrow that overcomes space, personifies the human spirit – that is, a person has grasped the essence (center or core) of things.In iconography, the heart was depicted in the form of a cup or vase – this is how the association with the Holy Grail, which is a spiritual first principle, arose. The shamrock inscribed in the heart is a symbol of the spiritual immortality of the early medieval world. Oddly enough, but the symbol of the heart can also be found in nature, as if it were inscribed by someone from above.

“An interesting idea – the issue of postage stamps of the series“ Cities of Labor Valor ”. It is such projects that work to preserve historical memory. ” The popular vote for the objects that will appear on them made us, the residents of Samara-Kuibyshev, take a new look at these already familiar monuments, learn more about the history of their creation, ”the activists of the“ Historical Memory ”party project note.

The Il-2 attack aircraft became the undisputed leader of the voting. Recall that veterans of the aircraft plant initiated the search for the Il-2 in order to erect a monument in the form of a combat aircraft at the plant’s entrance.In the fall of 1970, an aircraft shot down in March 1943 was discovered in the swamps of the Murmansk region. The plane was delivered to Kuibyshev at the aviation plant, where workers from memory assembled and repaired the hull, weapons and other parts.

Why is it important to have not only clean hands, but also a clean heart? Because otherwise you will not be able to continue life in the afterlife.Margarita Andreeva presents another facet of purity as part of the Purity exhibition – she examines a papyrus depicting a scene of weighing the heart of a woman named Nani. The photograph can be seen in building B on Staraya Basmannaya (3rd floor corridor, building B).

A fragment of the papyrus “Book of the Dead”, found in the tomb of Nani in Thebes, dates back to 1050 BC.NS. and describes the scene of the weighing of the heart at the judgment of Osiris. Nani was the ritual singer of the god Amun-Ra. According to the views of the inhabitants of Ancient Egypt, the trial of the deceased was carried out in order to find out what the earthly life of a person was and whether the deceased met the requirements of Maat, the goddess of justice and truth.

This fragment of the Book of the Dead papyrus depicts a scene of the weighing of Nani’s heart. Nani stands in the courtroom, near the scales, holding her eyes and mouth in her hand. On one bowl lies her heart, and on the other – a statuette of Maat.On the right sits Osiris – the main god passing judgment, in the center, between the shoulders of the scales – Anubis, the god with the head of a jackal in charge of funeral rituals, monitors the process of weighing the heart. The god of wisdom and writing Thoth documents the results. Next to Nani is the wife of Osiris, Isis.

According to the most common descriptions of the weighing scene, in the hall of the Two Truths, the heart of the deceased was placed on one pan of the scales, and the feather of Maat on the other (in this fragment, instead of a feather, a figurine of the goddess herself is represented).The person had to prove that he led a righteous life on earth and did not commit sins. To confirm this, he gave a speech to Maat and other gods, preserved in chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead:

STIC ™ (spatio-temporal image correlation) – 4D technology for obtaining a volumetric image of the fetal heart, taking into account the spatio-temporal image correlation.This is a new approach to the clinical examination of the fetal heart, which allows you to “extract” and store data about the fetal heart with subsequent viewing as a dynamic sequence of both 2D and 3D images (4D cinema loop).

“Volume extraction” of fetal heart data occurs in two stages: first, two-dimensional ultrasound images are “collected” using a special 3D sensor in one automatic pass, then the system analyzes the data according to their space-time domain and calculates a dynamic three-dimensional sequence of heart images fetus during one cycle of contractions. The obtained data can be displayed on the monitor of an ultrasound scanner or workstation in the form of dynamic – “live” images in three planes and / or in the form of a three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart (in superficial, minimal, inverse and other modes – Fig.12). This “volume” can be easily manipulated to create new slices in all standard and non-standard planes that are required for a comprehensive prenatal diagnosis of cardiac pathology.

Standard conditions for obtaining quality “volume” with STIC ™ are fetal spine positions for 5-7 h of imaging, 7.5 s acquisition time, 30 ° acquisition angle, and a four-chamber heart slice as the starting plane.The STIC ™ clinical trial, in which general practitioners only “collected volume”, and the actual analysis of the data obtained was performed later offline by a specialist in prenatal echocardiography, showed the possibility of a full examination of the fetal heart in more than 94% of cases [2].

“Volumes” obtained in the transverse plane of the scan are used to obtain and analyze two-dimensional images of the chambers of the heart, atrial and interventricular septa, atrioventricular valves, pulmonary veins and outflow tracts. The best visualization of the aortic arch and aortic duct is achieved with “volume extraction” in the sagittal plane. Rotating the “volume” relative to the reference point in the dynamic multiplan reconstruction mode, the intracardial structures are sequentially evaluated in three orthogonal planes simultaneously.By changing the size of the region of interest, a three-dimensional surface reconstruction of the atrioventricular valves and other parts of the heart can be obtained. Moreover, STIC ™ technology makes it possible to obtain non-standard sections in almost any plane in order, for example, to see the defect of the interventricular septum in the sagittal plane throughout [4].

According to S. Yagel et al. [5], virtual planes – interventricular, interatrial and coronary atrioventricular through the atrioventricular rings distal to the semilunar valves – were obtained using STIC ™ in 96.3% of normal fetuses.In cases of anomalies of the interventricular septum, oval window and the location of the main vessels, the use of virtual planes significantly improved the diagnosis.

Significantly simplify and speed up the analysis of volumetric 3D echocardiograms with technologies like Multi-Slice View (3D XI ™) (Fig. 3). The standard transverse planes, widely used for cardiac assessment, were automatically displayed as sequential slices in most fetuses that were examined with STIC ™.The quality of such images is comparable to the quality of images obtained with routine 2D echography [6, 7]. A consistent and complete analysis of dynamic three-dimensional echocardiograms was possible in all cases, and the recommended distance between the slices displayed on the screen was 2.7 ± 0.3 mm at 19-23 weeks of gestation and 4.0 ± 0.4 mm at 30- 33 weeks [8].

The VOCAL function allows you to measure with a high degree of reproducibility (up to 96%) systolic and diastolic volumes of the fetal ventricles and calculate the stroke volume and ejection fraction, respectively. This procedure is simple, it consists in the fact that the contours of each ventricle are manually outlined on the display of the workstation, and the volume itself is calculated by rotating the resulting image 12-30 ° along an axis passing through the apex of the heart and the center of the atrioventricular valve (Fig.4) [9]. The procedure is even more simplified when using the inverse 3D mode [10]. Clinical trials have shown that the time taken by the physician to measure the stroke volume with the 4D STIC ™ was significantly less compared to standard 2D Doppler (3.1 min versus 7.9 min) [11].

Title:	Segmentation of images of the anatomical structure of the heart
Authors:	Krasnousova, Maria Igorevna
metadata.dc.contributor.advisor:	Gerget, Olga Mikhailovna
Keywords:	preprocessing; segmentation; medical images; filtration; algorithm; preprocessing; segmentation; medical images; filtration; algorithm
Issue Date:	2020
Citation:	Krasnousova M. I. Segmentation of images of the anatomical structure of the heart: master’s thesis / M. I. Krasnousova; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), School of Engineering of Information Technologies and Robotics (ISHITR), Department of Information Technologies (OIT); scientific.hands. O. M. Gerget. – Tomsk, 2020.
Abstract:	The study of methods of segmentation of medical images, the formation of a sequence of algorithms for preprocessing medical images, which allows, based on the implementation of the proposed segmentation methods, to increase the accuracy of image processing, and statistical analysis to check the reliability of the results. Studying the medical images segmentation methods, the formation of algorithms sequence for the medical images preprocessing, which allows to increase the accuracy of image processing based on the implementation of the proposed segmentation methods, and statistical analysis to verify the reliability of the results.
URI:	http://earchive.tpu.ru/handle/11683/61410
Appears in Collections:	Master’s theses

A picture of aheart: Ilustration Picture of Anatomical Structures – Heart

Free Picture Of A Big Heart, Download Free Picture Of A Big Heart png images, Free ClipArts on Clipart Library

The history of a picture that changed the world

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1. Find someone who hugs you like this doggo hugs his human.

2. “My neighbor fostered a pregnant kitty… Here’s momma protecting her kittens who were born last night.”

3. “Here’s my dog wondering what to do with the new kitty who suddenly decided to love him.”

4. “A few weeks ago I adopted a 12-year-old cat. She buries her face in my hand when she wants more love.”

5. “Our girl Lucy had 12 puppies today. Enjoy this proud mama and her pile of youngins.”

6. “My cat learned that the alarm sound means I wake up, and she snuggles on my chest right afterward.”

7. “Jasper is my neighbor’s dog. I can’t leave the house much due to health issues, so anytime he sees me he RUNS back inside his house to bring me back out one of his favorite toys.

8. “My cat loves to sleep like this and it’s undeniably the cutest thing I’ve ever experienced.”

9. “A really wholesome moment caught on camera”

10. “This sleepy girl turned 13 last week. I took her to her favorite beach to celebrate.”

11. “Brought this baby girl home from the shelter today and she hasn’t left my side since.”

12. They never stop being our little puppies, no matter how big they are.

13. “I’m on the ride home from adopting this guy.”

14. “As I was saying goodbye, my dog did this…”

15. “This looks like their engagement photo.”

16. Hugs that warm better than a blanket on a windy night

17. “He wasn’t feeling well and everyone wanted to help!”

18. All we need is LOVE.

11 Picture Books That Live In My Heart

residents of the region have chosen a memorial place for the image on the stamp “City of Labor Valor”

The weighing scene from the Book of the Dead for the ritual singer Amon-Ra Nani

Bibliography:

STIC program – obtaining a 4D image of the fetal heart • MEDISON.RU

Benefits of STIC ™ Technology in Fetal Cardiac Examination

Literature

Segmentation of images of the anatomical structure of the heart

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