How do different types of allergy nasal sprays work. Which nasal sprays are available over the counter and which require a prescription. What are the potential side effects of various allergy nasal sprays. How long should you use decongestant nasal sprays. When should you start using preventative nasal sprays for allergies.

Understanding Allergy Nasal Sprays: Your First Line of Defense

Allergy nasal sprays have become an indispensable tool in managing allergic rhinitis symptoms. These sprays offer a targeted approach to alleviating nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching associated with allergies. Unlike oral medications, nasal sprays work directly on the affected area, providing faster relief and often with fewer systemic side effects.

There are several types of allergy nasal sprays available, each with its unique mechanism of action and benefits. Understanding these differences can help you choose the most appropriate option for your specific allergy symptoms and needs.

Why are nasal sprays often preferred over oral allergy medications?

Nasal sprays are often preferred because they:

• Deliver medication directly to the affected area
• Typically work faster than oral medications
• Often have fewer systemic side effects
• Can be more effective for certain allergy symptoms, particularly nasal congestion

Decongestant Nasal Sprays: Quick Relief for Stuffy Noses

Decongestant nasal sprays are designed to provide rapid relief from nasal congestion. They work by shrinking swollen blood vessels and tissues in the nasal passages, which helps to open up airways and improve breathing.

What are some common over-the-counter decongestant nasal sprays?

Popular over-the-counter decongestant nasal sprays include:

• Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (brand names: Afrin, Dristan, Sinex)
• Phenylephrine hydrochloride (brand name: Neo-Synephrine)

While these sprays can provide quick relief, it’s crucial to use them correctly to avoid potential problems.

Are there any risks associated with using decongestant nasal sprays?

Yes, there are some important considerations when using decongestant nasal sprays:

1. They should not be used for more than three consecutive days
2. Prolonged use can lead to rebound congestion, making symptoms worse
3. People with glaucoma or uncontrolled high blood pressure should consult a doctor before use

Antihistamine Nasal Sprays: Tackling Multiple Allergy Symptoms

Antihistamine nasal sprays are effective at addressing a range of allergy symptoms, including congestion, itching, runny nose, and sneezing. These sprays work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction.

Do antihistamine nasal sprays require a prescription?

Most antihistamine nasal sprays are available by prescription only. Common prescription antihistamine nasal sprays include:

• Azelastine (brand names: Astelin, Astepro)
• Olopatadine (brand name: Patanase)

These sprays are generally less likely to cause drowsiness compared to oral antihistamines, but some users may still experience this side effect.

Steroid Nasal Sprays: Long-Term Allergy Management

Steroid nasal sprays, also known as corticosteroid nasal sprays, are often considered the most effective option for managing allergy symptoms, particularly when used consistently over time. They work by reducing inflammation in the nasal passages, which helps alleviate congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes.

How long does it take for steroid nasal sprays to work?

Steroid nasal sprays typically take about a week of regular use before users notice significant improvement in their symptoms. For this reason, they’re often recommended as a preventative measure, started before allergy season begins or at the first sign of symptoms.

Which steroid nasal sprays are available over the counter?

In recent years, several steroid nasal sprays have become available over the counter, including:

• Budesonide (brand name: Rhinocort Allergy)
• Fluticasone (brand name: Flonase Allergy Relief)
• Triamcinolone (brand name: Nasacort Allergy 24HR)

Prescription options include beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex).

What are the potential side effects of steroid nasal sprays?

While generally safe, steroid nasal sprays can cause side effects in some users, including:

• Headache
• Sore throat
• Nosebleeds
• Cough

It’s important to use these sprays as directed and consult with a healthcare provider if side effects persist or worsen.

Cromolyn Sodium: A Unique Approach to Allergy Prevention

Cromolyn sodium, available over the counter as NasalCrom, offers a different approach to allergy management. This nasal spray works by preventing the release of histamine and other allergy-causing chemicals in the body.

When should you start using cromolyn sodium for allergies?

For optimal effectiveness, it’s recommended to start using cromolyn sodium one to two weeks before allergy season begins. Regular, daily use is necessary to maintain its protective effects.

While cromolyn sodium can provide relief within 30 minutes for some users, it’s generally not as potent as steroid nasal sprays. However, it has an excellent safety profile and can be a good option for those who prefer to avoid steroids or are looking for a preventative measure.

Ipratropium Nasal: Targeting Runny Noses

Ipratropium nasal spray, available by prescription as Atrovent Nasal, is specifically designed to address runny noses. Unlike other allergy nasal sprays, it works by inhibiting the production of mucus in the nasal passages.

Is ipratropium nasal spray effective for all allergy symptoms?

While ipratropium is effective at reducing nasal discharge, it’s not particularly helpful for congestion or sneezing. It’s often prescribed for people whose primary allergy symptom is a persistently runny nose.

It’s important to note that ipratropium may not be suitable for individuals with certain conditions:

• People with glaucoma should avoid using this medication
• Those with an enlarged prostate may need to consult their doctor before use

Choosing the Right Allergy Nasal Spray: Factors to Consider

Selecting the most appropriate allergy nasal spray depends on several factors, including the specific symptoms you’re experiencing, the severity of your allergies, and any other health conditions you may have.

How do you determine which allergy nasal spray is best for you?

Consider the following when choosing an allergy nasal spray:

1. Predominant symptoms (congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itching)
2. Speed of relief needed (immediate vs. long-term management)
3. Frequency of allergy occurrences (seasonal vs. year-round)
4. Potential drug interactions with other medications you’re taking
5. Personal preference regarding prescription vs. over-the-counter options
6. Cost and insurance coverage

It’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or allergist to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific situation. They can take into account your medical history, the severity of your symptoms, and any potential contraindications to help you make an informed decision.

Proper Use and Safety Considerations for Allergy Nasal Sprays

To maximize the effectiveness of allergy nasal sprays and minimize potential side effects, it’s crucial to use them correctly and be aware of safety considerations.

What are the key steps in using a nasal spray correctly?

Follow these steps for proper nasal spray use:

1. Gently blow your nose to clear the nasal passages
2. Shake the bottle well before use
3. Tilt your head slightly forward
4. Insert the nozzle into one nostril, pointing it slightly away from the center of your nose
5. Breathe in gently through your nose while squeezing the bottle to release the spray
6. Repeat for the other nostril if directed

It’s important to clean the nozzle regularly and avoid sharing nasal sprays with others to prevent the spread of infections.

Are there any long-term risks associated with using allergy nasal sprays?

While most allergy nasal sprays are considered safe for long-term use when used as directed, there are some considerations:

• Decongestant sprays should not be used for more than 3 consecutive days due to the risk of rebound congestion
• Steroid nasal sprays, while generally safe, may have systemic effects if used in high doses or for extended periods
• Some users may experience local irritation or dryness with long-term use

Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider can help monitor for any potential long-term effects and ensure the continued appropriateness of the chosen treatment.

By understanding the different types of allergy nasal sprays available, their mechanisms of action, and proper usage guidelines, you can make informed decisions about managing your allergy symptoms effectively. Remember that what works best can vary from person to person, and it may take some trial and error to find the optimal solution for your specific allergy needs.

Nasal Sprays for Allergies

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Decongestant Sprays
• Antihistamine Sprays
• Steroid Nasal Sprays
• Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom)
• Ipratropium Nasal (Atrovent Nasal)

When allergies strike, nasal sprays can help. There are many different types, and most work faster than pills.

You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. 

Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nose that cause congestion. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) are some examples of these medicines. You can buy them over the counter.

Don’t use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three days. Using them longer can actually make your nose more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that’s not under control.

Antihistamine sprays relieve congestion, itchy and runny nose, and sneezing. They are available by prescription and include azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase). They usually cause less drowsiness than antihistamine pills, but they still may make some people sleepy.

These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes. They also help stop a drippy nose. They’re often the first drug recommended for allergies, but it takes about a week before you’ll notice your symptoms getting better.

Examples of steroid nasal sprays available by prescription include beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over the counter — budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR).

Side effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough.

This nasal spray prevents your body from releasing histamines, chemicals that cause allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing. It can also help a stuffy nose. Some people see results in only 30 minutes. For it to work best, you need to start using it one to two weeks before allergy season starts and then use it one or more times every day. It doesn’t work as well as steroid nasal sprays.

You can buy NasalCrom as a nasal spray at the drugstore.

Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side effects can include sneezing and nasal burning.

This prescription nasal spray treats a runny nose by stopping the production of mucus. It doesn’t relieve congestion or sneezing very well.

If you have glaucoma or an enlarged prostate, you may not be able to use Atrovent. Side effects can include headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, or nasal irritation.

© 2022 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

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Nasal Sprays for Allergies

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Decongestant Sprays
• Antihistamine Sprays
• Steroid Nasal Sprays
• Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom)
• Ipratropium Nasal (Atrovent Nasal)

When allergies strike, nasal sprays can help. There are many different types, and most work faster than pills.

You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. 

Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nose that cause congestion. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) are some examples of these medicines. You can buy them over the counter.

Don’t use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three days. Using them longer can actually make your nose more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that’s not under control.

Antihistamine sprays relieve congestion, itchy and runny nose, and sneezing. They are available by prescription and include azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase). They usually cause less drowsiness than antihistamine pills, but they still may make some people sleepy.

These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes.  They also help stop a drippy nose. They’re often the first drug recommended for allergies, but it takes about a week before you’ll notice your symptoms getting better.

Examples of steroid nasal sprays available by prescription include beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over the counter — budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR).

Side effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough.

This nasal spray prevents your body from releasing histamines, chemicals that cause allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing. It can also help a stuffy nose. Some people see results in only 30 minutes. For it to work best, you need to start using it one to two weeks before allergy season starts and then use it one or more times every day. It doesn’t work as well as steroid nasal sprays.

You can buy NasalCrom as a nasal spray at the drugstore.

Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side effects can include sneezing and nasal burning.

This prescription nasal spray treats a runny nose by stopping the production of mucus. It doesn’t relieve congestion or sneezing very well.

If you have glaucoma or an enlarged prostate, you may not be able to use Atrovent. Side effects can include headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, or nasal irritation.

© 2022 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

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Antiallergic nasal drops and sprays: remedies and drugs for allergic rhinitis

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Allergic rhinitis

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Allergy preparations 900 05

06/27/2023

240 607

4 minutes

Co-author, editor and medical expert – Maksimov Alexander Alekseevich.

Editor and medical expert – Harutyunyan Mariam Harutyunovna.

Contents:

Classification of antihistamines
Combination therapy for allergies

Allergy medicines are an integral component of treatment ^1,2,3 symptoms caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to a substance 9000 3 3 . The action of such drugs is aimed at eliminating nasal congestion and copious discharge (runny nose), itching, burning ¹ and lacrimation ² .

Modern sprays for allergic rhinitis are characterized by a complex action that allows blocking the production of histamines ⁹ (substances responsible for manifestations of allergies), stop the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa, regulate the degree of blood supply to the capillaries in it and eliminate one of the most unpleasant manifestations – runny nose, itching and nasal congestion ¹ .

Back to Contents

Classification of antihistamines

• First generation antihistamines are sedatives ² and with a duration of action of less than 6 hours ⁸ , after which the next dose of the drug ² is required. The main disadvantage of the first generation of antihistamines is their ability to become addictive already after 2-3 weeks from the start of use and a side effect in the form of drowsiness ² . This precludes their use in the treatment of allergic reactions (including rhinitis) in children ⁴ . These antihistamines are also contraindicated in people whose occupation does not allow attention disorders ² .
• Second generation – antihistamines that allow you to quite effectively block the production of histamines for 14 hours after administration and do not reduce concentration ² . Like any other antihistamines, they can be addictive, but the completion of the course of treatment (no longer than 10 days) passes without a withdrawal syndrome. The cardiotoxic effect of these drugs (including nasal drops and nasal sprays), which is enhanced when they are taken together with antidepressants and antimycotics, significantly limits the indications for their use. A strict contraindication to the treatment of allergies with second-generation antihistamines are any violations of the cardiovascular system. These preparations are available in various forms, including nasal spray for allergies ⁶ .
• Third generation – drugs that do not have the disadvantages of previous generations, but retain high efficiency in blocking the production of histamines ⁵ . These are active metabolites that do not pose a threat to the heart and blood vessels and are available in various forms – from oral tablets to sprays for allergic rhinitis.

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Combination therapy for allergies

The treatment of allergies, including allergic rhinitis, involves an integrated approach that uses allergic rhinitis sprays in combination with anti-inflammatory nasal drugs (sprays or drops for allergies or allergic rhinitis in the nose), as well as eye drops and glucocorticoids – in depending on doctor’s prescriptions ^{5. 10} .

The decision on the dosage form of the antihistamine and the combination of medicines remains with the doctor and is based on individual characteristics – the severity of reactions, the age of the patient, etc. ⁹ . Particular attention should be paid to the choice of drug complex and allergy spray for the treatment of rhinitis in children ⁴ .

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, contact a qualified specialist.

See also:

• Allergic rhinitis
• Allergic nasal congestion
• Allergic rhinitis in children

Allergy nasal spray for adults and children from 6 years of age.

Eye drops. Help relieve symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. Effective 5 minutes after application. The active substance is levocabastine.

Vasomotor rhinitis as a type of chronic rhinitis. Similarities and differences between allergic and vasomotor rhinitis.

Causes and symptoms with and without runny nose. Nasal congestion in children and pregnant women. Diagnostics. Surgical and conservative method.

First aid for a cold. Non-drug and drug treatment. Application rules.

Nasal saline solution for allergic rhinitis

Relevance

Allergic rhinitis is inflammation (swelling and/or irritation) of the internal tissues of the nose caused by an allergy. This condition is common in both children and adults. Allergic rhinitis can be intermittent (less than four days per week or four weeks per year) or persistent (more than four days per week or four weeks per year). Allergies can be caused by many things, but the most common allergens (substances that cause allergies) are grass or tree pollen, mold, dust mites, or animal dander (tiny bits of skin). People with allergic rhinitis experience symptoms (nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, and sneezing) that can affect their quality of life.

Nasal saline irrigation (also known as nasal irrigation) is a procedure in which the nasal cavities are washed with saline. It’s not entirely clear how saline works, but it’s believed to thin the mucus, making it easier to evacuate and remove irritating allergens from the nose. Nasal saline irrigation can be done with sprays, pumps, or injections. Salt solution can be isotonic (the same concentration as in the human body – 0.9% NaCl) or hypertonic (more salty than in the human body – more than 0.9% NaCl). Although saline irrigation is considered safe, cases of epistaxis (nosebleeds) and irritation or discomfort in the nose and ears have been reported. This treatment does not require a prescription and can be used alone or in addition to other pharmacological treatments for allergic rhinitis, such as intranasal (inside the nose) steroids and oral antihistamines.

Search date

Evidence is current to November 2017.

Study profile

We found 14 studies involving 747 people (260 adults; 487 children). The volume of saline used varied: five studies used “extremely low” volumes (nasal spray – less than 5 ml per nostril per application), two studies used low volumes (injection – from 5 to 59 ml of saline into each nostril per application). application), and four – large volumes of solutions (more than 60 ml in each nostril for one application). Eight studies used hypertonic saline, five used isotonic saline, and three did not report this. Two studies used two different types of saline solutions.

Research funding sources

Seven studies did not report funding sources. The other seven were funded either from the research department or through research grants from regional and national governments. None of the studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies.

Main results

Brine Irrigation Versus No Brine Irrigation

Nasal saline irrigation may benefit adults and children by alleviating symptoms of allergic rhinitis compared with no saline irrigation; unlikely to be associated with unwanted effects. Within the scope of this review, it is not possible to conclude whether there are differences in the case of different volumes and concentrations of brine.

Adding nasal saline irrigation to “pharmacological” treatment of allergic rhinitis

It remains unclear whether the addition of nasal saline irrigation to pharmacological treatment (intranasal steroids or oral antihistamines) improves the management of allergic rhinitis symptoms than pharmacological treatment alone. Nasal saline irrigation is unlikely to be associated with adverse effects.

Nasal saline irrigation versus “pharmacological” treatment of allergic rhinitis

There is not enough evidence to determine whether nasal saline irrigation is superior to, inferior to, or similar to intranasal steroids. None of the studies reporting the outcomes of interest to us compared nasal saline irrigation with oral antihistamines.

Quality of evidence

Overall quality of evidence comparing nasal saline irrigation versus no nasal irrigation was low (our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may differ significantly from this estimate) or very low (very low confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to differ significantly from this estimate).