How do different types of nasal sprays work for allergies. What are the benefits and side effects of decongestant, antihistamine, and steroid nasal sprays. When should you use prescription vs over-the-counter allergy nasal sprays. How to choose the right nasal spray for your allergy symptoms.

Understanding the Role of Nasal Sprays in Allergy Management

Nasal sprays have become an essential tool in managing allergies, offering quick relief from a variety of symptoms. These specialized medications deliver targeted treatment directly to the nasal passages, where many allergy symptoms originate. But how exactly do nasal sprays work to combat allergies?

Nasal sprays function by addressing the root causes of allergy symptoms in the nasal passages. They can reduce inflammation, block histamine production, or constrict blood vessels, depending on the type of spray. This direct application allows for faster relief compared to oral medications, as the active ingredients don’t need to travel through the digestive system first.

Why Choose Nasal Sprays Over Other Allergy Treatments?

• Rapid onset of action
• Targeted relief to affected areas
• Lower risk of systemic side effects
• Convenient and easy to use
• Variety of options to suit different symptoms and preferences

Is a nasal spray right for your allergy symptoms? The answer depends on your specific symptoms, their severity, and your overall health. For many allergy sufferers, nasal sprays provide effective relief with fewer side effects than some oral medications. However, it’s important to choose the right type of spray for your particular needs.

Decongestant Nasal Sprays: Quick Relief for Stuffy Noses

Decongestant nasal sprays are a popular choice for rapid relief from nasal congestion. These sprays work by shrinking swollen blood vessels and tissues in the nasal passages, which helps to open up airways and reduce stuffiness. But how effective are they, and what should users be aware of?

Common decongestant nasal sprays include oxymetazoline hydrochloride (found in brands like Afrin, Dristan, and Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (found in Neo-Synephrine). These over-the-counter options can provide quick relief, often within minutes of application.

Key Points About Decongestant Nasal Sprays:

1. Fast-acting relief for nasal congestion
2. Available over-the-counter
3. Should not be used for more than three consecutive days
4. May cause rebound congestion if overused
5. Not recommended for individuals with glaucoma or uncontrolled high blood pressure

Can decongestant nasal sprays be used long-term? No, these sprays are designed for short-term use only. Using them for more than three consecutive days can lead to rebound congestion, where the nose becomes more congested than before. This is why it’s crucial to follow usage instructions carefully and consult with a healthcare provider if symptoms persist.

Antihistamine Nasal Sprays: Targeting Multiple Allergy Symptoms

Antihistamine nasal sprays offer a multi-pronged approach to allergy relief. These prescription medications work by blocking histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction. By doing so, they can alleviate a range of symptoms, including congestion, itching, runny nose, and sneezing.

Two common antihistamine nasal sprays are azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase). These medications are particularly effective for individuals who experience multiple allergy symptoms simultaneously.

Benefits of Antihistamine Nasal Sprays:

• Broad-spectrum symptom relief
• Less drowsiness compared to oral antihistamines
• Rapid onset of action
• Targeted delivery to affected areas
• Suitable for both seasonal and perennial allergies

Do antihistamine nasal sprays cause drowsiness? While these sprays generally cause less drowsiness than their oral counterparts, some users may still experience mild sedation. It’s advisable to use caution when first starting these medications, particularly when driving or operating machinery.

Steroid Nasal Sprays: Long-Term Management of Allergy Symptoms

Steroid nasal sprays, also known as corticosteroid nasal sprays, are often considered the gold standard in long-term allergy management. These medications work by reducing inflammation in the nasal passages, effectively addressing a wide range of allergy symptoms. But how do they compare to other types of nasal sprays?

Steroid nasal sprays are known for their comprehensive approach to allergy relief. They can reduce congestion, sneezing, itching, and watery eyes. Unlike decongestant sprays, they’re safe for long-term use and don’t cause rebound congestion. However, they typically take longer to take effect, with users often noticing improvement after about a week of regular use.

Prescription vs. Over-the-Counter Steroid Nasal Sprays:

Several steroid nasal sprays are available by prescription, including:

• Beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl)
• Ciclesonide (Zetonna)
• Fluticasone furoate (Veramyst)
• Mometasone (Nasonex)

In recent years, some steroid nasal sprays have become available over-the-counter, including:

• Budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy)
• Fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief)
• Triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR)

Are steroid nasal sprays safe for daily use? Generally, yes. These sprays are designed for regular, long-term use and have a good safety profile. However, like all medications, they can have side effects, including headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough. It’s important to use them as directed and consult with a healthcare provider if you experience persistent side effects.

Cromolyn Sodium: A Unique Approach to Allergy Prevention

Cromolyn sodium, available over-the-counter as NasalCrom, offers a different approach to allergy management. Unlike other nasal sprays that primarily treat symptoms, cromolyn sodium works to prevent allergic reactions from occurring in the first place. But how does it achieve this, and who might benefit most from this type of spray?

Cromolyn sodium functions by stabilizing mast cells, which are responsible for releasing histamine and other chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. By preventing the release of these substances, cromolyn sodium can effectively reduce or prevent symptoms like runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion.

Key Features of Cromolyn Sodium:

• Preventive approach to allergy management
• Can be effective within 30 minutes of use
• Best results when started 1-2 weeks before allergy season
• Requires consistent daily use for optimal effectiveness
• Generally safe with minimal side effects

Is cromolyn sodium as effective as steroid nasal sprays? While cromolyn sodium can be very effective for some individuals, it generally doesn’t provide the same level of symptom relief as steroid nasal sprays. However, its excellent safety profile and preventive action make it a valuable option, particularly for those who prefer to avoid steroids or are looking for a complementary treatment.

Ipratropium Nasal: Targeting Runny Noses

Ipratropium nasal spray, available by prescription as Atrovent Nasal, is a unique option in the world of allergy nasal sprays. Unlike other sprays that target multiple symptoms, ipratropium is specifically designed to address one particular issue: excessive nasal discharge, or a runny nose. But how does it work, and who might benefit most from this targeted approach?

Ipratropium belongs to a class of drugs called anticholinergics. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates mucus production in the nasal passages. By doing so, ipratropium effectively reduces nasal discharge, providing relief from a runny nose.

Characteristics of Ipratropium Nasal Spray:

• Specifically targets runny nose symptoms
• Less effective for congestion or sneezing
• Available by prescription only
• May not be suitable for individuals with glaucoma or enlarged prostate
• Potential side effects include headache, nosebleeds, and nasal irritation

When should ipratropium nasal spray be considered? This medication is particularly useful for individuals whose primary allergy symptom is a persistent runny nose. It may also be beneficial for those with non-allergic rhinitis. However, because it doesn’t address other common allergy symptoms, it’s often used in combination with other treatments for comprehensive allergy management.

Choosing the Right Nasal Spray for Your Allergy Symptoms

With the variety of nasal sprays available, selecting the right one for your specific allergy symptoms can seem daunting. However, understanding the strengths and limitations of each type can help you make an informed decision. What factors should you consider when choosing an allergy nasal spray?

The ideal nasal spray for you depends on several factors, including the nature and severity of your symptoms, the duration of your allergies, and your overall health status. It’s also important to consider whether you prefer an over-the-counter option or are willing to obtain a prescription.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Nasal Spray:

1. Primary symptoms (congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itching)
2. Duration of symptoms (seasonal vs. year-round)
3. Speed of relief needed
4. Preference for prevention vs. treatment
5. Tolerance for potential side effects
6. Presence of other health conditions
7. Cost and insurance coverage

Should you use multiple types of nasal sprays? In some cases, using a combination of nasal sprays may provide more comprehensive relief. For example, a steroid nasal spray for long-term management could be supplemented with a decongestant spray for occasional severe congestion. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before combining medications to ensure safety and avoid potential interactions.

Proper Usage and Safety Considerations for Allergy Nasal Sprays

While nasal sprays can be highly effective in managing allergy symptoms, proper usage is crucial for both safety and efficacy. Misuse of nasal sprays can lead to reduced effectiveness, increased side effects, or even worsening of symptoms. How can you ensure you’re using your nasal spray correctly and safely?

Proper technique is essential when using nasal sprays. This includes cleaning the nozzle regularly, positioning the spray correctly in your nose, and following the recommended dosing schedule. It’s also important to be aware of potential side effects and when to seek medical advice.

Tips for Safe and Effective Use of Nasal Sprays:

• Read and follow the instructions carefully
• Clean the nozzle regularly to prevent contamination
• Use the correct technique when spraying (tilt head slightly forward, aim towards outer wall of nostril)
• Don’t share nasal sprays with others
• Keep track of how long you’ve been using the spray
• Be aware of potential side effects and when to contact your healthcare provider
• Store the spray as directed (some may need refrigeration)

Can nasal sprays become addictive? While nasal sprays themselves are not addictive in the traditional sense, overuse of decongestant nasal sprays can lead to a condition called rebound congestion. This can create a cycle of dependence where the user feels they need the spray to breathe normally. To avoid this, it’s crucial to follow usage guidelines and not use decongestant sprays for more than three consecutive days without medical advice.

In conclusion, nasal sprays offer a variety of options for managing allergy symptoms. From fast-acting decongestants to long-term steroid sprays and preventive options like cromolyn sodium, there’s likely a nasal spray that can help address your specific allergy needs. By understanding the different types available, considering your individual symptoms and preferences, and using these medications properly, you can find an effective solution for your allergy relief. Remember to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice, especially if you have ongoing or severe allergy symptoms.

Nasal Sprays for Allergies

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Decongestant Sprays
• Antihistamine Sprays
• Steroid Nasal Sprays
• Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom)
• Ipratropium Nasal (Atrovent Nasal)

When allergies strike, nasal sprays can help. There are many different types, and most work faster than pills.

You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. 

Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nose that cause congestion. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) are some examples of these medicines. You can buy them over the counter.

Don’t use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three days. Using them longer can actually make your nose more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that’s not under control.

Antihistamine sprays relieve congestion, itchy and runny nose, and sneezing. They are available by prescription and include azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase). They usually cause less drowsiness than antihistamine pills, but they still may make some people sleepy.

These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes. They also help stop a drippy nose. They’re often the first drug recommended for allergies, but it takes about a week before you’ll notice your symptoms getting better.

Examples of steroid nasal sprays available by prescription include beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over the counter — budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR).

Side effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough.

This nasal spray prevents your body from releasing histamines, chemicals that cause allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing. It can also help a stuffy nose. Some people see results in only 30 minutes. For it to work best, you need to start using it one to two weeks before allergy season starts and then use it one or more times every day. It doesn’t work as well as steroid nasal sprays.

You can buy NasalCrom as a nasal spray at the drugstore.

Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side effects can include sneezing and nasal burning.

This prescription nasal spray treats a runny nose by stopping the production of mucus. It doesn’t relieve congestion or sneezing very well.

If you have glaucoma or an enlarged prostate, you may not be able to use Atrovent. Side effects can include headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, or nasal irritation.

© 2022 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

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Nasal Sprays for Allergies

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Decongestant Sprays
• Antihistamine Sprays
• Steroid Nasal Sprays
• Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom)
• Ipratropium Nasal (Atrovent Nasal)

When allergies strike, nasal sprays can help. There are many different types, and most work faster than pills.

You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. 

Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nose that cause congestion. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) are some examples of these medicines. You can buy them over the counter.

Don’t use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three days. Using them longer can actually make your nose more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that’s not under control.

Antihistamine sprays relieve congestion, itchy and runny nose, and sneezing. They are available by prescription and include azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase). They usually cause less drowsiness than antihistamine pills, but they still may make some people sleepy.

These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes.  They also help stop a drippy nose. They’re often the first drug recommended for allergies, but it takes about a week before you’ll notice your symptoms getting better.

Examples of steroid nasal sprays available by prescription include beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over the counter — budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR).

Side effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough.

This nasal spray prevents your body from releasing histamines, chemicals that cause allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing. It can also help a stuffy nose. Some people see results in only 30 minutes. For it to work best, you need to start using it one to two weeks before allergy season starts and then use it one or more times every day. It doesn’t work as well as steroid nasal sprays.

You can buy NasalCrom as a nasal spray at the drugstore.

Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side effects can include sneezing and nasal burning.

This prescription nasal spray treats a runny nose by stopping the production of mucus. It doesn’t relieve congestion or sneezing very well.

If you have glaucoma or an enlarged prostate, you may not be able to use Atrovent. Side effects can include headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, or nasal irritation.

© 2022 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

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Antiallergic nasal drops and sprays: remedies and drugs for allergic rhinitis

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Allergic rhinitis

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Allergy preparations 900 05

06/27/2023

240 607

4 minutes

Co-author, editor and medical expert – Maksimov Alexander Alekseevich.

Editor and medical expert – Harutyunyan Mariam Harutyunovna.

Contents:

Classification of antihistamines
Combination therapy for allergies

Allergy medicines are an integral component of treatment ^1,2,3 symptoms caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to a substance 9000 3 3 . The action of such drugs is aimed at eliminating nasal congestion and copious discharge (runny nose), itching, burning ¹ and lacrimation ² .

Modern sprays for allergic rhinitis are characterized by a complex action that allows blocking the production of histamines ⁹ (substances responsible for manifestations of allergies), stop the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa, regulate the degree of blood supply to the capillaries in it and eliminate one of the most unpleasant manifestations – runny nose, itching and nasal congestion ¹ .

Back to Contents

Classification of antihistamines

• First generation antihistamines are sedatives ² and with a duration of action of less than 6 hours ⁸ , after which the next dose of the drug ² is required. The main disadvantage of the first generation of antihistamines is their ability to become addictive already after 2-3 weeks from the start of use and a side effect in the form of drowsiness ² . This precludes their use in the treatment of allergic reactions (including rhinitis) in children ⁴ . These antihistamines are also contraindicated in people whose occupation does not allow attention disorders ² .
• Second generation – antihistamines that allow you to quite effectively block the production of histamines for 14 hours after administration and do not reduce concentration ² . Like any other antihistamines, they can be addictive, but the completion of the course of treatment (no longer than 10 days) passes without a withdrawal syndrome. The cardiotoxic effect of these drugs (including nasal drops and nasal sprays), which is enhanced when they are taken together with antidepressants and antimycotics, significantly limits the indications for their use. A strict contraindication to the treatment of allergies with second-generation antihistamines are any violations of the cardiovascular system. These preparations are available in various forms, including nasal spray for allergies ⁶ .
• Third generation – drugs that do not have the disadvantages of previous generations, but retain high efficiency in blocking the production of histamines ⁵ . These are active metabolites that do not pose a threat to the heart and blood vessels and are available in various forms – from oral tablets to sprays for allergic rhinitis.

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Combination therapy for allergies

The treatment of allergies, including allergic rhinitis, involves an integrated approach that uses allergic rhinitis sprays in combination with anti-inflammatory nasal drugs (sprays or drops for allergies or allergic rhinitis in the nose), as well as eye drops and glucocorticoids – in depending on doctor’s prescriptions ^{5. 10} .

The decision on the dosage form of the antihistamine and the combination of medicines remains with the doctor and is based on individual characteristics – the severity of reactions, the age of the patient, etc. ⁹ . Particular attention should be paid to the choice of drug complex and allergy spray for the treatment of rhinitis in children ⁴ .

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, contact a qualified specialist.

See also:

• Allergic rhinitis
• Allergic nasal congestion
• Allergic rhinitis in children

Allergy nasal spray for adults and children from 6 years of age.

Eye drops. Help relieve symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. Effective 5 minutes after application. The active substance is levocabastine.

Vasomotor rhinitis as a type of chronic rhinitis. Similarities and differences between allergic and vasomotor rhinitis.

Causes and symptoms with and without runny nose. Nasal congestion in children and pregnant women. Diagnostics. Surgical and conservative method.

First aid for a cold. Non-drug and drug treatment. Application rules.

Nasal saline solution for allergic rhinitis

Relevance

Allergic rhinitis is inflammation (swelling and/or irritation) of the internal tissues of the nose caused by an allergy. This condition is common in both children and adults. Allergic rhinitis can be intermittent (less than four days per week or four weeks per year) or persistent (more than four days per week or four weeks per year). Allergies can be caused by many things, but the most common allergens (substances that cause allergies) are grass or tree pollen, mold, dust mites, or animal dander (tiny bits of skin). People with allergic rhinitis experience symptoms (nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, and sneezing) that can affect their quality of life.

Nasal saline irrigation (also known as nasal irrigation) is a procedure in which the nasal cavities are washed with saline. It’s not entirely clear how saline works, but it’s believed to thin the mucus, making it easier to evacuate and remove irritating allergens from the nose. Nasal saline irrigation can be done with sprays, pumps, or injections. Salt solution can be isotonic (the same concentration as in the human body – 0.9% NaCl) or hypertonic (more salty than in the human body – more than 0.9% NaCl). Although saline irrigation is considered safe, cases of epistaxis (nosebleeds) and irritation or discomfort in the nose and ears have been reported. This treatment does not require a prescription and can be used alone or in addition to other pharmacological treatments for allergic rhinitis, such as intranasal (inside the nose) steroids and oral antihistamines.

Search date

Evidence is current to November 2017.

Study profile

We found 14 studies involving 747 people (260 adults; 487 children). The volume of saline used varied: five studies used “extremely low” volumes (nasal spray – less than 5 ml per nostril per application), two studies used low volumes (injection – from 5 to 59 ml of saline into each nostril per application). application), and four – large volumes of solutions (more than 60 ml in each nostril for one application). Eight studies used hypertonic saline, five used isotonic saline, and three did not report this. Two studies used two different types of saline solutions.

Research funding sources

Seven studies did not report funding sources. The other seven were funded either from the research department or through research grants from regional and national governments. None of the studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies.

Main results

Brine Irrigation Versus No Brine Irrigation

Nasal saline irrigation may benefit adults and children by alleviating symptoms of allergic rhinitis compared with no saline irrigation; unlikely to be associated with unwanted effects. Within the scope of this review, it is not possible to conclude whether there are differences in the case of different volumes and concentrations of brine.

Adding nasal saline irrigation to “pharmacological” treatment of allergic rhinitis

It remains unclear whether the addition of nasal saline irrigation to pharmacological treatment (intranasal steroids or oral antihistamines) improves the management of allergic rhinitis symptoms than pharmacological treatment alone. Nasal saline irrigation is unlikely to be associated with adverse effects.

Nasal saline irrigation versus “pharmacological” treatment of allergic rhinitis

There is not enough evidence to determine whether nasal saline irrigation is superior to, inferior to, or similar to intranasal steroids. None of the studies reporting the outcomes of interest to us compared nasal saline irrigation with oral antihistamines.

Quality of evidence

Overall quality of evidence comparing nasal saline irrigation versus no nasal irrigation was low (our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may differ significantly from this estimate) or very low (very low confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to differ significantly from this estimate).