How do nasal sprays combat allergy symptoms. Which types of nasal sprays are available over the counter and by prescription. What are the benefits and potential side effects of different nasal spray options for allergy relief.

Understanding the Role of Nasal Sprays in Allergy Management

Nasal sprays have become an indispensable tool in the battle against allergies, offering quick relief from a range of bothersome symptoms. These localized treatments work directly in the nasal passages, providing faster action compared to oral medications. But how exactly do nasal sprays function to alleviate allergy symptoms?

Nasal sprays target the source of allergy discomfort by delivering medication directly to the affected area. This targeted approach allows for rapid absorption and immediate effect on nasal tissues. The active ingredients in nasal sprays can reduce inflammation, block histamine production, or constrict blood vessels, depending on the specific type of spray used.

The Advantages of Nasal Sprays

• Rapid onset of action
• Targeted delivery to affected areas
• Reduced systemic side effects compared to oral medications
• Variety of options to address different allergy symptoms
• Convenient and easy to use

Decongestant Nasal Sprays: Quick Relief for Nasal Congestion

Decongestant nasal sprays are popular over-the-counter options for those seeking immediate relief from nasal congestion. These sprays work by shrinking swollen blood vessels and tissues in the nasal passages, effectively reducing stuffiness and improving airflow. But how long can you safely use decongestant sprays?

It’s crucial to limit the use of decongestant nasal sprays to no more than three consecutive days. Prolonged use can lead to a condition known as rebound congestion, where the nasal passages become more congested than before. This limitation is important to remember when considering decongestant sprays as a treatment option.

Common Decongestant Nasal Sprays

• Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex)
• Phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine)

Are there any precautions to take when using decongestant nasal sprays? Individuals with glaucoma or uncontrolled high blood pressure should consult their healthcare provider before using these products, as they may exacerbate these conditions.

Antihistamine Nasal Sprays: Combating Multiple Allergy Symptoms

Antihistamine nasal sprays offer a multifaceted approach to allergy relief, addressing congestion, itching, runny nose, and sneezing. These prescription medications work by blocking histamine, the chemical responsible for many allergy symptoms. How do antihistamine nasal sprays compare to their oral counterparts?

One significant advantage of antihistamine nasal sprays is their reduced tendency to cause drowsiness compared to oral antihistamines. This makes them an excellent option for those who need allergy relief without compromising alertness. However, it’s important to note that some individuals may still experience sleepiness as a side effect.

Prescription Antihistamine Nasal Sprays

• Azelastine (Astelin, Astepro)
• Olopatadine (Patanase)

Steroid Nasal Sprays: The First Line of Defense Against Allergies

Steroid nasal sprays are often considered the gold standard in allergy treatment, offering potent relief from a wide range of symptoms. These sprays work by reducing inflammation in the nasal passages, effectively combating congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes. But how long does it take for steroid nasal sprays to take effect?

Unlike some faster-acting options, steroid nasal sprays typically require about a week of consistent use before patients notice significant improvement in their symptoms. This gradual onset of action is balanced by the comprehensive relief these sprays provide once they reach full effectiveness.

Prescription Steroid Nasal Sprays

• Beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl)
• Ciclesonide (Zetonna)
• Fluticasone furoate (Veramyst)
• Mometasone (Nasonex)

Over-the-Counter Steroid Nasal Sprays

• Budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy)
• Fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief)
• Triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR)

While steroid nasal sprays are generally safe and effective, they may cause side effects in some users. Common side effects include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, and cough. It’s important to discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider when considering or using these medications.

Cromolyn Sodium: A Preventive Approach to Allergy Management

Cromolyn sodium, available over-the-counter as NasalCrom, offers a unique approach to allergy relief by preventing the release of histamines in the body. This preventive action can help reduce the occurrence of allergy symptoms before they start. How quickly does cromolyn sodium work?

Some users report experiencing relief within 30 minutes of using cromolyn sodium. However, for optimal effectiveness, it’s recommended to start using this nasal spray one to two weeks before the allergy season begins and continue use throughout the season. This proactive approach can significantly reduce the severity of allergy symptoms.

Benefits of Cromolyn Sodium

• Prevents histamine release
• Helps with runny nose and sneezing
• Can provide relief for nasal congestion
• Generally safe for most users

While cromolyn sodium is considered safe for most individuals, those with asthma-related wheezing or sinus pain should consult their healthcare provider before use. Potential side effects, though rare, may include sneezing and nasal burning.

Ipratropium Nasal: Targeting Excessive Nasal Secretions

Ipratropium nasal spray, available by prescription as Atrovent Nasal, is specifically designed to address runny noses by reducing mucus production. This targeted approach makes it an excellent option for those whose primary allergy symptom is excessive nasal discharge. But how effective is ipratropium nasal spray for other allergy symptoms?

While ipratropium nasal spray excels at controlling runny noses, it’s important to note that it may not be as effective in relieving congestion or sneezing. For individuals with multiple allergy symptoms, a combination of treatments may be necessary for comprehensive relief.

Considerations for Ipratropium Nasal Use

• Prescription-only medication
• Primarily targets runny nose symptoms
• May not be suitable for individuals with glaucoma or enlarged prostate
• Potential side effects include headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, and nasal irritation

Choosing the Right Nasal Spray for Your Allergy Symptoms

With the variety of nasal spray options available, selecting the most appropriate treatment for your specific allergy symptoms can be challenging. How can you determine which nasal spray is best suited for your needs?

The choice of nasal spray depends on several factors, including the predominant allergy symptoms, the severity of symptoms, and any underlying health conditions. Here’s a quick guide to help you navigate the options:

• For primarily congestion: Consider decongestant nasal sprays for short-term use
• For multiple symptoms: Antihistamine or steroid nasal sprays may offer comprehensive relief
• For preventive care: Cromolyn sodium can be an excellent choice when started before allergy season
• For excessive runny nose: Ipratropium nasal spray targets this specific symptom

It’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or allergist to determine the most appropriate nasal spray for your individual needs. They can take into account your medical history, the severity of your allergies, and any potential drug interactions to recommend the best treatment plan.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Nasal Spray

1. Predominant allergy symptoms
2. Severity of symptoms
3. Duration of relief needed
4. Potential side effects
5. Underlying health conditions
6. Prescription vs. over-the-counter availability
7. Cost and insurance coverage

Remember that while nasal sprays can provide effective relief for many allergy sufferers, they are just one component of a comprehensive allergy management strategy. Combining nasal sprays with other treatments, such as oral antihistamines, eye drops, or immunotherapy, may provide the most comprehensive relief from allergy symptoms.

Proper Use and Safety Considerations for Nasal Sprays

To maximize the effectiveness of nasal sprays and minimize potential side effects, it’s crucial to use them correctly. How can you ensure you’re using your nasal spray properly?

Follow these steps for optimal nasal spray use:

1. Gently blow your nose to clear the nasal passages
2. Shake the bottle well before use
3. Tilt your head slightly forward
4. Insert the nozzle into one nostril, aiming towards the outer wall of the nose
5. Breathe in gently through your nose while squeezing the bottle
6. Hold your breath for a few seconds, then breathe out through your mouth
7. Repeat for the other nostril if directed
8. Clean the nozzle and cap after use

Are there any general safety considerations to keep in mind when using nasal sprays? Always read and follow the instructions provided with your specific nasal spray. Be aware of the recommended duration of use, especially for decongestant sprays. If your symptoms persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

• Rebound congestion with prolonged use of decongestant sprays
• Nasal irritation or dryness
• Nosebleeds
• Headaches
• Sore throat
• Potential interactions with other medications

By understanding the various types of nasal sprays available and their proper use, you can make informed decisions about your allergy treatment. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and to address any concerns about using nasal sprays for allergy relief.

Nasal Sprays for Allergies

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Decongestant Sprays
• Antihistamine Sprays
• Steroid Nasal Sprays
• Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom)
• Ipratropium Nasal (Atrovent Nasal)

When allergies strike, nasal sprays can help. There are many different types, and most work faster than pills.

You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. 

Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nose that cause congestion. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) are some examples of these medicines. You can buy them over the counter.

Don’t use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three days. Using them longer can actually make your nose more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that’s not under control.

Antihistamine sprays relieve congestion, itchy and runny nose, and sneezing. They are available by prescription and include azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase). They usually cause less drowsiness than antihistamine pills, but they still may make some people sleepy.

These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes. They also help stop a drippy nose. They’re often the first drug recommended for allergies, but it takes about a week before you’ll notice your symptoms getting better.

Examples of steroid nasal sprays available by prescription include beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over the counter — budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR).

Side effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough.

This nasal spray prevents your body from releasing histamines, chemicals that cause allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing. It can also help a stuffy nose. Some people see results in only 30 minutes. For it to work best, you need to start using it one to two weeks before allergy season starts and then use it one or more times every day. It doesn’t work as well as steroid nasal sprays.

You can buy NasalCrom as a nasal spray at the drugstore.

Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side effects can include sneezing and nasal burning.

This prescription nasal spray treats a runny nose by stopping the production of mucus. It doesn’t relieve congestion or sneezing very well.

If you have glaucoma or an enlarged prostate, you may not be able to use Atrovent. Side effects can include headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, or nasal irritation.

© 2022 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

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Nasal Sprays for Allergies

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Decongestant Sprays
• Antihistamine Sprays
• Steroid Nasal Sprays
• Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom)
• Ipratropium Nasal (Atrovent Nasal)

When allergies strike, nasal sprays can help. There are many different types, and most work faster than pills.

You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. 

Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nose that cause congestion. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) are some examples of these medicines. You can buy them over the counter.

Don’t use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three days. Using them longer can actually make your nose more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that’s not under control.

Antihistamine sprays relieve congestion, itchy and runny nose, and sneezing. They are available by prescription and include azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase). They usually cause less drowsiness than antihistamine pills, but they still may make some people sleepy.

These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes.  They also help stop a drippy nose. They’re often the first drug recommended for allergies, but it takes about a week before you’ll notice your symptoms getting better.

Examples of steroid nasal sprays available by prescription include beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over the counter — budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR).

Side effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough.

This nasal spray prevents your body from releasing histamines, chemicals that cause allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing. It can also help a stuffy nose. Some people see results in only 30 minutes. For it to work best, you need to start using it one to two weeks before allergy season starts and then use it one or more times every day. It doesn’t work as well as steroid nasal sprays.

You can buy NasalCrom as a nasal spray at the drugstore.

Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side effects can include sneezing and nasal burning.

This prescription nasal spray treats a runny nose by stopping the production of mucus. It doesn’t relieve congestion or sneezing very well.

If you have glaucoma or an enlarged prostate, you may not be able to use Atrovent. Side effects can include headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, or nasal irritation.

© 2022 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

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Antiallergic nasal drops and sprays: remedies and drugs for allergic rhinitis

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Allergic rhinitis

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Allergy preparations 900 05

06/27/2023

240 607

4 minutes

Co-author, editor and medical expert – Maksimov Alexander Alekseevich.

Editor and medical expert – Harutyunyan Mariam Harutyunovna.

Contents:

Classification of antihistamines
Combination therapy for allergies

Allergy medicines are an integral component of treatment ^1,2,3 symptoms caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to a substance 9000 3 3 . The action of such drugs is aimed at eliminating nasal congestion and copious discharge (runny nose), itching, burning ¹ and lacrimation ² .

Modern sprays for allergic rhinitis are characterized by a complex action that allows blocking the production of histamines ⁹ (substances responsible for manifestations of allergies), stop the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa, regulate the degree of blood supply to the capillaries in it and eliminate one of the most unpleasant manifestations – runny nose, itching and nasal congestion ¹ .

Back to Contents

Classification of antihistamines

• First generation antihistamines are sedatives ² and with a duration of action of less than 6 hours ⁸ , after which the next dose of the drug ² is required. The main disadvantage of the first generation of antihistamines is their ability to become addictive already after 2-3 weeks from the start of use and a side effect in the form of drowsiness ² . This precludes their use in the treatment of allergic reactions (including rhinitis) in children ⁴ . These antihistamines are also contraindicated in people whose occupation does not allow attention disorders ² .
• Second generation – antihistamines that allow you to quite effectively block the production of histamines for 14 hours after administration and do not reduce concentration ² . Like any other antihistamines, they can be addictive, but the completion of the course of treatment (no longer than 10 days) passes without a withdrawal syndrome. The cardiotoxic effect of these drugs (including nasal drops and nasal sprays), which is enhanced when they are taken together with antidepressants and antimycotics, significantly limits the indications for their use. A strict contraindication to the treatment of allergies with second-generation antihistamines are any violations of the cardiovascular system. These preparations are available in various forms, including nasal spray for allergies ⁶ .
• Third generation – drugs that do not have the disadvantages of previous generations, but retain high efficiency in blocking the production of histamines ⁵ . These are active metabolites that do not pose a threat to the heart and blood vessels and are available in various forms – from oral tablets to sprays for allergic rhinitis.

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Combination therapy for allergies

The treatment of allergies, including allergic rhinitis, involves an integrated approach that uses allergic rhinitis sprays in combination with anti-inflammatory nasal drugs (sprays or drops for allergies or allergic rhinitis in the nose), as well as eye drops and glucocorticoids – in depending on doctor’s prescriptions ^{5. 10} .

The decision on the dosage form of the antihistamine and the combination of medicines remains with the doctor and is based on individual characteristics – the severity of reactions, the age of the patient, etc. ⁹ . Particular attention should be paid to the choice of drug complex and allergy spray for the treatment of rhinitis in children ⁴ .

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, contact a qualified specialist.

See also:

• Allergic rhinitis
• Allergic nasal congestion
• Allergic rhinitis in children

Allergy nasal spray for adults and children from 6 years of age.

Eye drops. Help relieve symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. Effective 5 minutes after application. The active substance is levocabastine.

Vasomotor rhinitis as a type of chronic rhinitis. Similarities and differences between allergic and vasomotor rhinitis.

Causes and symptoms with and without runny nose. Nasal congestion in children and pregnant women. Diagnostics. Surgical and conservative method.

First aid for a cold. Non-drug and drug treatment. Application rules.

Nasal saline solution for allergic rhinitis

Relevance

Allergic rhinitis is inflammation (swelling and/or irritation) of the internal tissues of the nose caused by an allergy. This condition is common in both children and adults. Allergic rhinitis can be intermittent (less than four days per week or four weeks per year) or persistent (more than four days per week or four weeks per year). Allergies can be caused by many things, but the most common allergens (substances that cause allergies) are grass or tree pollen, mold, dust mites, or animal dander (tiny bits of skin). People with allergic rhinitis experience symptoms (nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, and sneezing) that can affect their quality of life.

Nasal saline irrigation (also known as nasal irrigation) is a procedure in which the nasal cavities are washed with saline. It’s not entirely clear how saline works, but it’s believed to thin the mucus, making it easier to evacuate and remove irritating allergens from the nose. Nasal saline irrigation can be done with sprays, pumps, or injections. Salt solution can be isotonic (the same concentration as in the human body – 0.9% NaCl) or hypertonic (more salty than in the human body – more than 0.9% NaCl). Although saline irrigation is considered safe, cases of epistaxis (nosebleeds) and irritation or discomfort in the nose and ears have been reported. This treatment does not require a prescription and can be used alone or in addition to other pharmacological treatments for allergic rhinitis, such as intranasal (inside the nose) steroids and oral antihistamines.

Search date

Evidence is current to November 2017.

Study profile

We found 14 studies involving 747 people (260 adults; 487 children). The volume of saline used varied: five studies used “extremely low” volumes (nasal spray – less than 5 ml per nostril per application), two studies used low volumes (injection – from 5 to 59 ml of saline into each nostril per application). application), and four – large volumes of solutions (more than 60 ml in each nostril for one application). Eight studies used hypertonic saline, five used isotonic saline, and three did not report this. Two studies used two different types of saline solutions.

Research funding sources

Seven studies did not report funding sources. The other seven were funded either from the research department or through research grants from regional and national governments. None of the studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies.

Main results

Brine Irrigation Versus No Brine Irrigation

Nasal saline irrigation may benefit adults and children by alleviating symptoms of allergic rhinitis compared with no saline irrigation; unlikely to be associated with unwanted effects. Within the scope of this review, it is not possible to conclude whether there are differences in the case of different volumes and concentrations of brine.

Adding nasal saline irrigation to “pharmacological” treatment of allergic rhinitis

It remains unclear whether the addition of nasal saline irrigation to pharmacological treatment (intranasal steroids or oral antihistamines) improves the management of allergic rhinitis symptoms than pharmacological treatment alone. Nasal saline irrigation is unlikely to be associated with adverse effects.

Nasal saline irrigation versus “pharmacological” treatment of allergic rhinitis

There is not enough evidence to determine whether nasal saline irrigation is superior to, inferior to, or similar to intranasal steroids. None of the studies reporting the outcomes of interest to us compared nasal saline irrigation with oral antihistamines.

Quality of evidence

Overall quality of evidence comparing nasal saline irrigation versus no nasal irrigation was low (our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may differ significantly from this estimate) or very low (very low confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to differ significantly from this estimate).