Ast lab values. AST Blood Test: Understanding Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels and Liver Health
What is an AST blood test and why is it important. How is the AST test performed and what do the results mean. When should you get an AST test and what conditions can it help diagnose.
What is Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Its Role in the Body?
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found abundantly in various tissues throughout the body, with the highest concentrations in the liver, heart, and muscles. As an enzyme, AST plays a crucial role in facilitating specific chemical reactions within cells. When cellular damage occurs, particularly in the liver, AST is released into the bloodstream, making it a valuable marker for assessing liver health and function.
Key Facts About AST:
- AST is also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
- It is present in high levels in liver, heart, and muscle tissues
- AST is released into the blood when cells containing it are damaged
- Elevated AST levels often indicate liver disease or injury
The AST Blood Test: Purpose and Procedure
The AST blood test is a diagnostic tool used to measure the level of AST enzyme in the blood. This test is primarily employed to evaluate liver function and detect potential liver damage or disease. However, it can also provide insights into other health conditions affecting organs where AST is present.
How is the AST test performed? The procedure is straightforward and involves drawing a blood sample from a vein, typically in the arm. The sample is then analyzed in a laboratory to determine the AST concentration. Patients generally do not need to fast or undergo any special preparations before the test.
Common Reasons for Ordering an AST Test:
- Routine health screenings
- Monitoring existing liver conditions
- Evaluating unexplained symptoms that may indicate liver problems
- Assessing the effectiveness of treatments for liver diseases
Interpreting AST Test Results: Normal Range and Implications
Understanding AST test results is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients. The normal range for AST levels in the blood typically falls between 8 to 33 U/L (units per liter). However, it’s important to note that slight variations in this range may occur between different laboratories due to varying testing methods or sample types.
What do elevated AST levels indicate? Increased AST concentrations in the blood often suggest liver damage or disease. However, the interpretation of AST results should always be done in conjunction with other liver function tests and clinical information. Elevated AST levels can be caused by various conditions, not all of which are related to liver problems.
Potential Causes of Elevated AST Levels:
- Liver cirrhosis
- Hepatitis (viral or alcoholic)
- Liver ischemia
- Liver cancer or tumors
- Heart attack
- Hemochromatosis
- Muscle diseases or injuries
- Pancreatitis
AST Test in Conjunction with Other Liver Function Tests
While the AST test provides valuable information about liver health, it is often performed alongside other liver function tests to provide a more comprehensive assessment. This panel of tests typically includes:
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
- Bilirubin
- Albumin
- Prothrombin time
How does combining these tests enhance diagnostic accuracy? By evaluating multiple markers of liver function, healthcare providers can more precisely identify the nature and extent of liver damage or disease. For instance, the AST/ALT ratio can help differentiate between alcoholic liver disease and other forms of liver injury.
Factors Influencing AST Levels Beyond Liver Disease
While elevated AST levels are often associated with liver problems, it’s essential to recognize that other factors can influence AST concentrations in the blood. Understanding these factors helps in accurately interpreting test results and avoiding misdiagnosis.
Non-Liver Related Factors Affecting AST Levels:
- Intense physical exercise
- Pregnancy
- Certain medications
- Burns (especially deep ones)
- Recent heart procedures
- Seizures
- Recent surgery
How do these factors impact AST levels? Activities or conditions that cause muscle damage or strain can lead to a temporary increase in AST levels. Similarly, certain medications may affect liver function or directly influence AST production. Healthcare providers take these factors into account when interpreting AST test results to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
The Role of AST Test in Diagnosing and Monitoring Liver Conditions
The AST blood test plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of various liver conditions. Its ability to detect liver cell damage makes it an invaluable tool for healthcare providers in assessing liver health and function.
Key Applications of the AST Test:
- Early detection of liver disease
- Monitoring the progression of known liver conditions
- Evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for liver disorders
- Assessing the severity of liver damage in acute conditions
- Screening for liver abnormalities in high-risk individuals
How does the AST test contribute to liver disease management? Regular AST testing allows healthcare providers to track changes in liver function over time, adjust treatment plans as needed, and detect potential complications early. This proactive approach can significantly improve outcomes for patients with chronic liver conditions.
Risks and Considerations Associated with the AST Blood Test
While the AST blood test is generally safe and straightforward, it’s important to be aware of potential risks and considerations associated with the procedure. Understanding these factors can help patients feel more comfortable and prepared when undergoing the test.
Potential Risks of Blood Drawing:
- Slight pain or discomfort at the needle insertion site
- Minor bruising or swelling
- Dizziness or fainting (rare)
- Infection at the puncture site (very rare)
Are there any contraindications for the AST test? Generally, there are no specific contraindications for the AST blood test. However, patients with bleeding disorders or those taking blood-thinning medications should inform their healthcare provider before the test. In such cases, extra precautions may be taken to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding or bruising.
Preparing for an AST Blood Test: What Patients Should Know
Proper preparation can help ensure accurate AST test results and a smooth testing experience. While the AST test typically doesn’t require extensive preparation, there are a few important considerations for patients to keep in mind.
Guidelines for AST Test Preparation:
- Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you’re taking
- Discuss any recent changes in diet or exercise routines
- Mention any recent illnesses or medical procedures
- Follow any specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider
- Stay hydrated before the test unless instructed otherwise
Should you fast before an AST test? In most cases, fasting is not necessary for an AST blood test. However, if the AST test is part of a comprehensive metabolic panel, your healthcare provider may instruct you to fast for a certain period before the test. Always follow the specific guidelines provided by your healthcare team.
Beyond Liver Health: Other Applications of the AST Test
While the AST test is primarily associated with liver function assessment, its applications extend beyond hepatic health. Understanding these broader uses can provide valuable insights into the versatility of this diagnostic tool.
Additional Applications of AST Testing:
- Evaluating heart health and detecting potential cardiac issues
- Assessing muscle damage in conditions like rhabdomyolysis
- Monitoring side effects of certain medications
- Investigating unexplained fatigue or weakness
- Complementing other tests in diagnosing metabolic disorders
How does AST testing contribute to cardiac health assessment? Elevated AST levels can sometimes indicate heart muscle damage, such as in the case of a heart attack. When combined with other cardiac markers, AST can help healthcare providers evaluate the extent of cardiac injury and monitor recovery.
Technological Advancements in AST Testing: Improving Accuracy and Accessibility
The field of medical diagnostics is continuously evolving, and AST testing is no exception. Recent technological advancements have led to improvements in the accuracy, speed, and accessibility of AST blood tests.
Innovations in AST Testing:
- Point-of-care testing devices for rapid AST results
- Enhanced laboratory automation for faster processing
- Improved standardization of testing methods across laboratories
- Development of non-invasive alternatives to blood-based AST tests
- Integration of artificial intelligence for result interpretation
How do these advancements benefit patients and healthcare providers? Faster and more accurate AST testing enables quicker diagnosis and treatment initiation. Point-of-care devices allow for on-the-spot testing in various healthcare settings, improving patient convenience and potentially reducing healthcare costs.
AST Test Results: When to Seek Further Evaluation
Receiving AST test results can sometimes be confusing or concerning for patients. Understanding when to seek further evaluation or additional testing is crucial for proper health management.
Situations Warranting Further Evaluation:
- AST levels significantly above the normal range
- Persistently elevated AST levels over multiple tests
- AST elevation accompanied by symptoms of liver disease
- Unexpected AST results given your medical history
- Discrepancies between AST results and other liver function tests
What additional tests might be recommended following abnormal AST results? Depending on the specific circumstances, healthcare providers might order further liver function tests, imaging studies (such as ultrasound or CT scans), or even liver biopsies to determine the underlying cause of elevated AST levels.
Lifestyle Factors Influencing AST Levels: What Patients Can Control
While some factors affecting AST levels are beyond an individual’s control, certain lifestyle choices can impact liver health and, consequently, AST levels. Understanding these factors empowers patients to take proactive steps towards maintaining optimal liver function.
Lifestyle Factors Affecting AST Levels:
- Alcohol consumption
- Diet and nutrition
- Exercise habits
- Weight management
- Stress levels
How can patients positively influence their AST levels through lifestyle changes? Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes moderate alcohol consumption (or abstinence if recommended), a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, and stress management techniques can contribute to better liver health and potentially lower AST levels.
The Future of Liver Health Assessment: Emerging Biomarkers and Technologies
While AST remains a valuable tool in liver health assessment, ongoing research is exploring new biomarkers and technologies that may complement or even surpass traditional liver function tests.
Promising Developments in Liver Health Assessment:
- Novel serum biomarkers for specific liver conditions
- Advanced imaging techniques for non-invasive liver assessment
- Gene expression profiling for personalized liver health management
- Wearable devices for continuous liver function monitoring
- Integration of machine learning for improved diagnostic accuracy
How might these advancements change liver health assessment in the future? Emerging technologies and biomarkers hold the potential to provide more precise, personalized, and comprehensive evaluations of liver health. This could lead to earlier detection of liver diseases, more targeted treatments, and improved patient outcomes.
In conclusion, the AST blood test remains a cornerstone in liver health assessment, offering valuable insights into liver function and overall health. As medical science continues to advance, the integration of AST testing with emerging technologies and biomarkers promises to enhance our understanding and management of liver health, ultimately benefiting patients worldwide.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test
Medical Tests
Definition
The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood.
Alternative Names
Aspartate aminotransferase; Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; SGOT
How the Test is Performed
A blood sample is needed.
How to Prepare for the Test
No special preparation is needed.
How the Test will Feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.
Why the Test is Performed
AST is an enzyme found in high levels in the liver, heart, and muscles. It is also found in lesser amounts in other tissues. An enzyme is a protein that causes a specific chemical change in the body.
Injury to the liver results in release of AST into the blood.
This test is mainly done along with other tests (such as ALT, ALP, and bilirubin) to diagnose and monitor liver disease.
Normal Results
The normal range is 8 to 33 U/L.
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different samples. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
What Abnormal Results Mean
An increased AST level is often a sign of liver disease. Liver disease is even more likely when the levels of substances checked by other liver blood tests have also increased.
An increased AST level may be due to any of the following:
AST level may also increase after:
- Burns (deep)
- Heart procedures
- Seizure
- Surgery
Pregnancy and exercise may also cause an increased AST level.
Risks
There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Excessive bleeding
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
- Hematoma (blood collecting under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
References
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, aspartate transaminase, SGOT) – serum. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:172-173.
Pincus MR, Tierno PM, Gleeson E, Bowne WB, Bluth MH. Evaluation of liver function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 21.
Pratt DS. Liver chemistry and function tests. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 73.
Review Date: 01/26/2019
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only — they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright ©2019 A.D.A.M., Inc., as modified by University of California San Francisco. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have.
AST Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test
What is an AST Test?
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is found mostly in the liver, but it’s also in muscles and other organs in your body. When cells that contain AST are damaged, they release the AST into your blood. An AST blood test measures the amount of AST in your blood. The test is commonly used to help diagnose liver damage or disease.
Other names: SGOT test, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase test; aspartate transaminase test
What is it used for?
An AST blood test is often part of a routine blood screening to check the health of your liver. The test may help diagnose or monitor liver problems. It may also help diagnose other health conditions.
Why do I need an AST blood test?
You may get an AST blood test as part of your routine checkup or if you have symptoms of liver damage. These may include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Lack of appetite
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Jaundice, a condition that causes your skin and eyes to turn yellow
- Swelling and/or pain in your abdomen (belly)
- Swelling in your ankles and legs
- Dark-colored urine (pee) and/or light-colored stool (poop)
- Frequent itching
Even if you don’t have symptoms, your health care provider may order an AST blood test if you’re more likely to develop liver disease because of:
- A family history of liver disease
- Alcohol use disorder
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Taking certain medicines that can cause liver damage
- Hepatitis or exposure to hepatitis
What happens during an AST blood test?
A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.
Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?
You don’t need any special preparations for an AST blood test. But an AST test is usually ordered with other blood tests. You usually need to fast (not eat or drink) for up to 12 hours before these tests. Your provider will let you know if there are any special instructions to follow.
Are there any risks to the test?
There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.
What do the results mean?
High levels of AST in the blood may be a sign of hepatitis, cirrhosis, mononucleosis, or other liver diseases. High AST levels may also be a sign of heart problems or pancreatitis.
If your results are not in the normal range, it doesn’t always mean that you have a medical condition that needs treatment. Many things can affect your results, such as certain medicines and your age, sex, and diet. To learn what your results mean, talk with your provider.
Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.
Is there anything else I need to know about an AST blood test?
Your health care provider may order an ALT blood test with your AST blood test. ALT stands for alanine transaminase, which is another type of liver enzyme. If you have high levels of AST and/or ALT, it may mean that you have some type of liver damage.
You may also have an AST test as part of a group of liver function tests that measure ALT, and other enzymes, proteins, and substances in the liver.
References
- American Liver Foundation. [Internet]. New York: American Liver Foundation; c2017. Diagnosing Liver Disease – Liver Biopsy and Liver Function Tests; [updated 2020 Feb 17; cited 2022 Feb 14]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://liverfoundation. org/for-patients/about-the-liver/diagnosing-liver-disease/
- Hinkle J, Cheever K. Brunner & Suddarth’s Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 2nd Ed, Kindle. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2014. Aspartate Aminotransferase; p. 68–69.
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Blood Tests; [cited 2022 Feb 14]; [about 15 screens]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
- Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA).: OneCare Media; c2022. Aspartate Aminotransferase: The Test; [modified 2021 Nov 9; cited 2022 Feb 14; [about 14 screens]. Available from: https://www.testing.com/test/aspartate-aminotransferase-ast/
- University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2017. Health Encyclopedia: Aspartate Transaminase; [cited 2017 Mar 13]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www. urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=aspartate_transaminase
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme that is found in all cells of the body, but mainly in the cells of the heart and liver, and to a lesser extent in the kidneys and muscles. Normally, AST activity in the blood is very low. When liver or muscle tissue is damaged, it is released into the blood. Thus, AST is an indicator of liver damage.
Synonyms Russian
Serum glutamine-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), aspartate transaminase, AST/ALT ratio.
Synonyms English
Aspartate aminotransferase.
Test method
UV kinetic test.
Units
U/L (unit per litre).
What biomaterial can be used for research?
Venous, capillary blood.
How to properly prepare for an examination?
- Do not eat for 12 hours before the test.
- Exclude physical and emotional overexertion within 30 minutes prior to the study.
- Do not smoke for 30 minutes before the test.
Study Overview
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in all cells of the body, but primarily in the heart and liver, and to a lesser extent in the kidneys and muscles. In healthy patients, AST activity in the blood is low and the AST norm has low values. When the liver or muscles are damaged, AST is released, and the level of AST in the blood rises. In this regard, the activity of this enzyme is an indicator of liver damage. An analysis for AST is part of the so-called liver tests – studies that diagnose disorders in the liver.
The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen. It is involved in many important bodily functions – helping with nutrient processing, bile production, the synthesis of many important proteins such as blood clotting factors, and breaking down potentially toxic compounds into harmless substances.
A number of diseases lead to damage to liver cells, which increases the activity of AST.
The most common test for AST is to check if the liver is damaged due to hepatitis, toxic drugs, cirrhosis. However, AST does not always reflect only liver damage; the activity of this enzyme can also increase in diseases of other organs, in particular, in myocardial infarction.
What is research used for?
- To detect liver damage. Typically, an AST test is ordered along with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test or as part of a general liver function test. AST and ALT are considered the two most important indicators of liver damage, although ALT is more specific than AST. In some cases, AST is directly compared with ALT and their ratio (AST/ALT) is calculated. It can be used to find out the causes of liver damage.
- Blood AST is often compared with other tests, such as alkaline phosphatase (AP), total protein, and bilirubin, to determine a specific form of liver disease.
- To monitor the effectiveness of the treatment of liver diseases.
- To monitor the health of patients taking drugs that are potentially toxic to the liver. If AST activity rises, the patient may be switched to other medications.
When is the test ordered?
- For symptoms of liver disorder:
- weakness, fatigue,
- loss of appetite,
- nausea, vomiting,
- abdominal pain and bloating,
- yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes,
- dark urine, light stool,
- itching.
- If there are factors that increase the risk of liver disease:
- previous hepatitis or recent exposure to hepatitis infection,
- excessive alcohol consumption,
- hereditary predisposition to liver diseases,
- taking drugs that can damage the liver,
- overweight or diabetic.
- On a regular basis throughout the treatment process to determine its effectiveness.
What do the results mean?
Reference values (AST norm for men, women and children):
Age, sex | Reference values | |
0 – 1 year | ||
1 – 4 years | ||
4 – 7 years | ||
7 – 13 years old | ||
13 – 18 years old | ||
> 18 years old | men | |
women |
Normally, the activity of AST in the blood is low.
Excessively high AST activity (more than 10 times normal) is usually caused by viral infections. It can also increase significantly as a result of taking drugs or other substances that are toxic to the liver, as well as due to diseases that slow blood flow to the liver (ischemia).
In chronic hepatitis, AST activity usually exceeds the norm by no more than 4 times. It fluctuates between normal and somewhat elevated, so often an analysis is prescribed to determine the degree of the disease. Diseases such as obstruction of the biliary tract, cirrhosis, and some types of liver cancer contribute to a moderate increase in AST. After a heart attack and with muscle damage, AST activity can also increase, usually much more than ALT.
In most liver diseases, ALT activity in the blood is higher than AST activity, so the AST/ALT ratio will be low. However, there are a few exceptions: alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and muscle damage.
Important notes
- During pregnancy, AST activity may decrease.
- Intramuscular injections of drugs, as well as intense physical activity, increase the activity of AST in the blood.
- In some patients, liver damage and, as a result, an increase in AST activity can be caused by taking dietary supplements. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the attending physician not only about all medications taken, but also about nutritional supplements.
Also recommended
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
- Alkaline phosphatase, total
- Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT)
- Serum albumin
- Total protein in whey
Who orders the examination?
Therapist, cardiologist, hepatologist, gastroenterologist, general practitioner, surgeon, pediatrician.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) – get tested in St. Petersburg
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AST in a blood test – what is it? This is an analysis for the content in the blood of one of the liver enzymes – aspartate aminotransferase.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found mainly in the cells of the liver and heart, so if the level of AST in the blood is high, this may indicate disorders of the liver and heart, including myocardial infarction.
AST analysis is in the range of liver tests along with ALT analysis, both tests are most often taken for suspected liver disease, also taking into account the ratio of both enzymes. An increase in the level of AST in the blood test means that the patient may have heart problems. If ALT is higher, then, first of all, it is necessary to examine the liver.
Method of determination
AST indicators are determined by the UV kinetic method.
Test material
Examine the serum of venous or capillary blood.
Deadline
AST blood test can be obtained in 1 day.
Indications
An AST analysis is indicated for patient complaints of abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea and vomiting, appetite disorders, itching and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, weakness and fatigue. Dark urine at the same time as stool lightening are also alarming symptoms for the appointment of an analysis.
AST is also checked in people at risk: those who have had hepatitis or who have been in contact with an infected person, who suffer from chronic hepatitis, who abuse alcohol, drugs, and who take nephrotoxic drugs and dietary supplements. It is also advisable to periodically check AST in people who are overweight, have diabetes, and have a genetic predisposition to liver disease.
Regular checking of AST levels allows assessing the state of the liver in dynamics and the effectiveness of the treatment.
Preparation for analysis
An analysis for liver enzymes is usually taken in the morning, since 12 hours of abstinence from food is necessary. You can drink water. On the eve of the day of the study, it is necessary to exclude stress, both mental and physical, and also to abandon alcohol and energy drinks. Do not smoke one hour before blood sampling.
Synonyms: AST, Aspartate transaminase, AST/AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
Equipment: OLYMPUS AU/5800/680/480/-Beckman Coulter
Norms of AST in the blood depend on gender and age:
adults, gender | Values (U/l) |
---|---|
Men | <40 |
Women | <32 |
In children, the normative indicator varies depending on age:
Children, age | Values (U/l) |
---|---|
Up to a year | <58 |
Up to 4 years | <59 |
Up to 7 years | <48 |
Up to 13 years old | <44 |
Under 18 | <39 |
If AST in the biochemical blood test is very high – more than 10 times or more than the norm – it is typical for viral infections. In patients with chronic hepatitis, AST is increased by 2-4 times, no more. Biliary obstruction, cirrhosis, and some types of liver tumors moderately increase AST.
* For current information, please contact the contact center at tel. 8 (812) 600-42-00
It is recommended to donate blood on an empty stomach (at least 6-8 hours of fasting). Drinking – water, as usual. On the eve of the study, exclude: food, physical and emotional overload, alcohol and energy drinks. Stop smoking 1 hour before the study.
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