What are the common causes of dark spots on the bottom or top of feet. How is tinea nigra diagnosed and treated. What are the risk factors for developing tinea nigra. How can you prevent tinea nigra infections.

Understanding Tinea Nigra: A Rare Fungal Infection

Tinea nigra is an uncommon fungal infection that manifests as brown or black patches on the skin, primarily affecting the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. In rare instances, it can also appear on the torso. This condition is caused by a type of yeast known as Hortaea werneckii, which enters the body through small wounds or breaks in the skin.

The infection is characterized by its slow growth and often goes unnoticed in its early stages due to the small and faint nature of the patches. While tinea nigra is generally harmless and confined to the superficial layers of the skin, it can be a source of cosmetic concern for those affected.

Key Characteristics of Tinea Nigra

• Single round, linear, or irregularly shaped patch
• Slow-growing brown or black discoloration
• Usually asymptomatic, but may occasionally itch
• Resembles a growing mole or freckle
• Typically affects one area, but multiple lesions are possible

Identifying Symptoms and Risk Factors of Tinea Nigra

Recognizing the symptoms of tinea nigra is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. The most common sign is the appearance of a brown or black patch on the skin, often following an injury to the affected area. These patches can vary in size and shape, and while they typically cause no discomfort, some individuals may experience itching.

Can tinea nigra be mistaken for other skin conditions? Yes, tinea nigra can sometimes be confused with melanoma or other types of skin cancer due to its appearance. This is why proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is essential.

Who is Most at Risk for Tinea Nigra?

Several factors can increase an individual’s likelihood of developing tinea nigra:

1. Living in or traveling to tropical or subtropical regions
2. Being under 20 years of age
3. Having a history of hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
4. Recent injuries or breaks in the skin
5. Frequent contact with wood, soil, or compost, especially in tropical areas

The Science Behind Tinea Nigra: Understanding the Causative Agent

Hortaea werneckii, the primary fungus responsible for tinea nigra, has a fascinating history in scientific classification. Previously known by various names such as Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala werneckii, or Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, this yeast thrives in moist environments rich in organic matter.

How does Hortaea werneckii infect humans? The fungus typically enters the body through small wounds or breaks in the skin, particularly in areas with numerous sweat glands like the hands and feet. Once it finds a suitable environment, it begins to grow and produce the characteristic dark patches associated with tinea nigra.

Environmental Factors Promoting Tinea Nigra Growth

• High humidity levels
• Warm temperatures
• Presence of dead and decaying organic material
• Moist skin conditions, such as those caused by excessive sweating

Diagnosing Tinea Nigra: Differentiation from Other Skin Conditions

Accurate diagnosis of tinea nigra is crucial, as its appearance can mimic other skin conditions, including certain types of skin cancer. Healthcare professionals employ various methods to confirm the presence of this fungal infection.

Diagnostic Approaches for Tinea Nigra

1. Clinical examination and patient history
2. Skin culture to identify Hortaea werneckii
3. Skin biopsy to rule out skin cancer

During the diagnostic process, doctors may inquire about recent travel history, injuries, and exposure to potential sources of the fungus. A positive diagnosis is typically confirmed when Hortaea werneckii grows in a laboratory culture within a week of sampling.

Is a skin biopsy always necessary for diagnosing tinea nigra? While not always required, a skin biopsy may be performed if there’s any suspicion of skin cancer or if the presentation is atypical.

Treatment Options: From Home Remedies to Medical Interventions

Tinea nigra treatment can range from simple home remedies to prescribed medications, depending on the severity and persistence of the infection. For those looking to try home treatments, keratolytic agents may offer some relief.

Home Remedies for Tinea Nigra

• Over-the-counter wart creams
• Salicylic acid preparations
• Whitfield’s ointment

It’s important to note that these home remedies may not be suitable for everyone, particularly pregnant women or those trying to conceive. In such cases, or if home treatments prove ineffective, medical consultation is advised.

Medical Treatments for Tinea Nigra

When professional medical intervention is necessary, healthcare providers typically prescribe:

• Topical antifungal creams
• Oral antifungal medications (in severe or persistent cases)

How long does tinea nigra treatment typically last? While the optimal duration of treatment is not definitively established, some reports suggest that a one-month course of treatment is often sufficient for most cases.

Preventing Tinea Nigra: Practical Strategies for Risk Reduction

Prevention is key in managing the risk of tinea nigra infections, especially for individuals living in or traveling to tropical regions where the fungus is more prevalent. By implementing simple protective measures, you can significantly reduce your chances of contracting this fungal infection.

Effective Prevention Techniques

1. Practice frequent handwashing, particularly after outdoor activities
2. Wear protective gloves when gardening or working with soil and compost
3. Avoid walking barefoot outdoors, especially in tropical areas
4. Wear socks or shoes in public places
5. Change socks regularly, especially if feet tend to sweat excessively

Can proper foot hygiene help prevent tinea nigra? Absolutely. Keeping feet clean and dry, especially in warm and humid environments, can significantly reduce the risk of fungal infections like tinea nigra.

Tinea Nigra in the Context of Global Health: Prevalence and Distribution

While tinea nigra is considered a rare infection globally, its prevalence varies significantly across different geographical regions. Understanding the distribution of this condition can provide valuable insights into its epidemiology and help healthcare professionals better manage and prevent infections.

Geographical Distribution of Tinea Nigra

• Higher prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions
• Rare occurrences in temperate climates
• Increased risk for travelers to endemic areas

Why is tinea nigra more common in tropical regions? The fungus responsible for tinea nigra thrives in warm, humid environments, which are characteristic of tropical and subtropical climates. These conditions provide an ideal habitat for the growth and spread of Hortaea werneckii.

The Impact of Climate Change on Fungal Infections like Tinea Nigra

As global temperatures continue to rise and weather patterns shift due to climate change, the distribution and prevalence of various fungal infections, including tinea nigra, may be affected. This potential shift in fungal ecology could have implications for public health and disease management strategies.

Potential Effects of Climate Change on Tinea Nigra

1. Expansion of suitable habitats for Hortaea werneckii
2. Increased prevalence in previously unaffected regions
3. Changes in the fungus’s growth patterns and virulence
4. Greater risk of infection for populations in newly affected areas

How might climate change alter the global distribution of tinea nigra? As temperatures rise and humidity levels change in various parts of the world, areas that were previously inhospitable to Hortaea werneckii may become suitable for its growth, potentially leading to new cases of tinea nigra in regions where it was once rare or non-existent.

Tinea Nigra and Skin Health: Broader Implications

While tinea nigra itself is generally harmless and confined to the superficial layers of the skin, its presence can serve as an indicator of overall skin health and susceptibility to fungal infections. Understanding the relationship between tinea nigra and other skin conditions can provide valuable insights into maintaining optimal skin health.

Tinea Nigra as a Marker for Skin Health

• Indicates potential vulnerabilities in the skin’s natural defenses
• May suggest a need for improved skin care routines
• Can highlight the importance of addressing underlying conditions like hyperhidrosis

Does the presence of tinea nigra indicate a weakened immune system? Not necessarily. While tinea nigra doesn’t typically indicate a compromised immune system, its occurrence may suggest that the skin’s natural barrier function could be improved through better care and hygiene practices.

Advancements in Tinea Nigra Research: Future Perspectives

As our understanding of fungal infections continues to evolve, researchers are exploring new avenues for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea nigra. These advancements could potentially lead to more effective management strategies and improved outcomes for those affected by this condition.

Emerging Research Areas in Tinea Nigra

1. Development of rapid diagnostic tools
2. Investigation of novel antifungal compounds
3. Studies on the genetic factors influencing susceptibility
4. Exploration of the fungus’s ecological niche and potential environmental controls

What promising treatments for tinea nigra are on the horizon? While current treatments are generally effective, ongoing research into new antifungal agents and delivery methods may lead to more efficient and targeted therapies in the future, potentially reducing treatment duration and improving outcomes.

Living with Tinea Nigra: Psychosocial Aspects and Quality of Life

Although tinea nigra is a benign condition that doesn’t pose significant health risks, its visible nature can have psychological and social impacts on those affected. Understanding and addressing these aspects is crucial for comprehensive patient care and overall well-being.

Psychosocial Considerations in Tinea Nigra Management

• Potential impact on self-esteem and body image
• Social concerns related to visible skin discoloration
• Anxiety about misdiagnosis or confusion with more serious conditions
• Importance of patient education and reassurance

How can healthcare providers address the psychological aspects of tinea nigra? By providing clear information about the benign nature of the condition, reassuring patients about treatment efficacy, and offering support for any related concerns, healthcare providers can help alleviate anxiety and improve the overall experience of those dealing with tinea nigra.

Tinea Nigra in Special Populations: Considerations for Vulnerable Groups

While tinea nigra can affect anyone, certain populations may require special considerations in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Understanding these nuances is essential for providing tailored care and ensuring optimal outcomes across diverse patient groups.

Special Considerations for Vulnerable Populations

1. Children and adolescents: Higher susceptibility and potential impact on social development
2. Pregnant women: Need for careful selection of safe treatment options
3. Immunocompromised individuals: Potential for more extensive or persistent infections
4. Elderly patients: Possible interactions with other medications and health conditions

Are there any specific precautions for treating tinea nigra in pregnant women? Yes, pregnant women should avoid certain antifungal medications and home remedies. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the safest and most effective treatment approach during pregnancy.

The Role of Technology in Tinea Nigra Management

Advancements in technology are playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various skin conditions, including tinea nigra. From telemedicine to AI-assisted diagnostics, these innovations are shaping the future of dermatological care.

Technological Innovations in Tinea Nigra Care

• Teledermatology for remote diagnosis and follow-up
• AI-powered image analysis for improved diagnostic accuracy
• Mobile apps for patient education and treatment adherence
• Advanced imaging techniques for monitoring treatment progress

How is teledermatology changing the landscape of tinea nigra management? Teledermatology allows for quicker access to specialist care, particularly beneficial for patients in remote areas or those with limited mobility. It enables dermatologists to provide timely diagnoses and treatment recommendations, potentially improving outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Tinea Nigra in the Context of Global Fungal Disease Burden

While tinea nigra is a relatively rare condition, it forms part of the broader spectrum of fungal diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Understanding its place within this larger context can provide valuable insights into fungal ecology, public health strategies, and the global burden of mycotic infections.

Tinea Nigra’s Place in the Global Fungal Disease Landscape

1. Comparison with more common fungal infections (e.g., athlete’s foot, ringworm)
2. Relevance to public health initiatives focusing on fungal diseases
3. Contribution to our understanding of fungal adaptations to human hosts
4. Potential as a model for studying superficial fungal infections

How does the study of tinea nigra contribute to our broader understanding of fungal diseases? Research into tinea nigra provides insights into how environmental fungi adapt to colonize human skin, which can inform strategies for preventing and treating a wide range of fungal infections. Additionally, studying rare conditions like tinea nigra can reveal unexpected connections and lead to breakthroughs applicable to more common fungal diseases.

Tinea nigra: Diagnosis, treatment, and remedies

Tinea nigra is a very rare fungal infection. It causes brown or black patches to develop on the soles of the feet, the palms of the hand, or, on rare occasions, the torso.

A type of yeast called Hortaea werneckii causes most tinea nigra infections. A person can get the infection when the yeast gets into their body, often through a small wound.

Keep reading to learn more about a tinea nigra infection, including the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Tinea nigra causes brown or black patches to appear on the soles of the feet or the palms of the hand. The patches may be so small and faint that a person does not notice them. They also tend to grow slowly. The most common symptoms include:

• a patch on the foot or hand following an injury
• a single round, linear, or irregularly shaped patch that grows slowly
• growing patches that either cause no symptoms or itch
• patches that resemble a growing mole or freckle
• a slow growing brown patch on the torso

The infection affects people who live in tropical regions and those who have recently traveled to these areas.

Most people with tinea nigra have just one lesion. However, if the fungus comes into contact with multiple points of entry, such as wounds on both hands, a person may have several patches.

In healthy people, tinea nigra lives only on the superficial layers of the skin. It does not spread, cause serious infections, or present major health risks. It is more likely to affect young people under the age of 20 years.

Tinea nigra is a fungal infection, which means that a person gets it when they come into contact with a fungus that can cause the infection.

Scientists used to call Hortaea werneckii either Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala werneckii, or Phaeoannellomyces werneckii. Another yeast called Stenella araguata may cause some cases of tinea nigra.

As with many other fungi, Hortaea werneckii thrives in moist or humid environments. It lives on dead and decaying organic material, such as soil and wood. It can get into the human body when it comes into contact with the skin, usually through a wound. It is most likely to live on parts of the body with many sweat glands, such as the hands and feet.

Certain risk factors increase a person’s likelihood of developing this infection. They include:

• living in a tropical or subtropical region
• recent travel to a subtropical or tropical region
• a history of hyperhidrosis, a condition that causes excessive sweating
• a recent injury
• contact with wood, soil, or compost, such as from gardening without gloves or woodworking in a tropical or subtropical region

In many cases, a person’s symptoms may lead a doctor to suspect tinea nigra. However, as tinea nigra can resemble the symptoms of several other conditions, it is important to get an accurate diagnosis.

The doctor may ask the individual about their recent travel, injury history, and exposure to wood, compost, or soil. They will also usually take a culture of the skin and send it to a lab to see whether Hortaea werneckii grows within a week. If it does, this means that the test is positive for tinea nigra.

Sometimes, a doctor may also perform a skin biopsy to test for skin cancer, as certain types of skin cancer can look similar to tinea nigra.

People who wish to try home remedies may see improvements with keratolytic agents. A keratolytic is a chemical that helps remove excess skin. Some potentially effective keratolytics include:

• wart cream
• salicylic acid
• Whitfield’s ointment

These drugs may not be safe during pregnancy, so women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant should see a doctor instead of trying home remedies.

If home treatment fails, it is best to see a doctor. There are other possible causes of brown lesions on the skin.

Doctors usually prescribe topical antifungal creams to treat tinea nigra. People should apply the cream directly to the patch exactly as a doctor advises.

In some cases, a person may also need to take oral antifungal drugs, especially if the lesions are very large or if antifungal creams have not worked. However, oral drugs may not be effective.

Doctors do not know what treatment duration is optimal, but the authors of one report suggest that 1 month of treatment is sufficient.

People can reduce the risk of tinea nigra infections by protecting the skin from exposure to soil, compost, and other materials in which the Hortaea werneckii fungus likes to grow. Following this advice is especially important for people who travel to or live in tropical regions.

These strategies can help:

• practicing frequent handwashing, especially after spending time outside
• wearing gloves or other protective gear in the garden
• refraining from walking outside with bare feet
• wearing socks or shoes in public places
• changing socks frequently, especially if they get wet
• covering any wounds on the hands or feet before spending time outside

Several other skin conditions may look similar to tinea nigra. Other fungal infections, such as athlete’s foot, may also cause skin lesions, but they are not usually brown.

Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, can be deadly. It may also look very similar to tinea nigra in the early stages. Similarly to tinea nigra, melanoma is not typically painful at first. Therefore, people who do not get relief from home or medical treatment should see a dermatologist and request a biopsy.

Some other medical conditions and factors that may cause brown patches include:

• skin staining from henna
• skin hyperpigmentation from pregnancy or Addison’s disease
• complications of syphilis
• exposure to certain chemicals, such as silver nitrate

Tinea nigra is not a serious medical condition. Most people do not notice any symptoms other than brown spots on the skin.

However, as tinea nigra looks similar to several other conditions, it is important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.

Prompt treatment can prevent serious skin-related conditions from getting worse.

Tinea nigra: Diagnosis, treatment, and remedies

Tinea nigra is a very rare fungal infection. It causes brown or black patches to develop on the soles of the feet, the palms of the hand, or, on rare occasions, the torso.

A type of yeast called Hortaea werneckii causes most tinea nigra infections. A person can get the infection when the yeast gets into their body, often through a small wound.

Keep reading to learn more about a tinea nigra infection, including the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Tinea nigra causes brown or black patches to appear on the soles of the feet or the palms of the hand. The patches may be so small and faint that a person does not notice them. They also tend to grow slowly. The most common symptoms include:

• a patch on the foot or hand following an injury
• a single round, linear, or irregularly shaped patch that grows slowly
• growing patches that either cause no symptoms or itch
• patches that resemble a growing mole or freckle
• a slow growing brown patch on the torso

The infection affects people who live in tropical regions and those who have recently traveled to these areas.

Most people with tinea nigra have just one lesion. However, if the fungus comes into contact with multiple points of entry, such as wounds on both hands, a person may have several patches.

In healthy people, tinea nigra lives only on the superficial layers of the skin. It does not spread, cause serious infections, or present major health risks. It is more likely to affect young people under the age of 20 years.

Tinea nigra is a fungal infection, which means that a person gets it when they come into contact with a fungus that can cause the infection.

Scientists used to call Hortaea werneckii either Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala werneckii, or Phaeoannellomyces werneckii. Another yeast called Stenella araguata may cause some cases of tinea nigra.

As with many other fungi, Hortaea werneckii thrives in moist or humid environments. It lives on dead and decaying organic material, such as soil and wood. It can get into the human body when it comes into contact with the skin, usually through a wound. It is most likely to live on parts of the body with many sweat glands, such as the hands and feet.

Certain risk factors increase a person’s likelihood of developing this infection. They include:

• living in a tropical or subtropical region
• recent travel to a subtropical or tropical region
• a history of hyperhidrosis, a condition that causes excessive sweating
• a recent injury
• contact with wood, soil, or compost, such as from gardening without gloves or woodworking in a tropical or subtropical region

In many cases, a person’s symptoms may lead a doctor to suspect tinea nigra. However, as tinea nigra can resemble the symptoms of several other conditions, it is important to get an accurate diagnosis.

The doctor may ask the individual about their recent travel, injury history, and exposure to wood, compost, or soil. They will also usually take a culture of the skin and send it to a lab to see whether Hortaea werneckii grows within a week. If it does, this means that the test is positive for tinea nigra.

Sometimes, a doctor may also perform a skin biopsy to test for skin cancer, as certain types of skin cancer can look similar to tinea nigra.

People who wish to try home remedies may see improvements with keratolytic agents. A keratolytic is a chemical that helps remove excess skin. Some potentially effective keratolytics include:

• wart cream
• salicylic acid
• Whitfield’s ointment

These drugs may not be safe during pregnancy, so women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant should see a doctor instead of trying home remedies.

If home treatment fails, it is best to see a doctor. There are other possible causes of brown lesions on the skin.

Doctors usually prescribe topical antifungal creams to treat tinea nigra. People should apply the cream directly to the patch exactly as a doctor advises.

In some cases, a person may also need to take oral antifungal drugs, especially if the lesions are very large or if antifungal creams have not worked. However, oral drugs may not be effective.

Doctors do not know what treatment duration is optimal, but the authors of one report suggest that 1 month of treatment is sufficient.

People can reduce the risk of tinea nigra infections by protecting the skin from exposure to soil, compost, and other materials in which the Hortaea werneckii fungus likes to grow. Following this advice is especially important for people who travel to or live in tropical regions.

These strategies can help:

• practicing frequent handwashing, especially after spending time outside
• wearing gloves or other protective gear in the garden
• refraining from walking outside with bare feet
• wearing socks or shoes in public places
• changing socks frequently, especially if they get wet
• covering any wounds on the hands or feet before spending time outside

Several other skin conditions may look similar to tinea nigra. Other fungal infections, such as athlete’s foot, may also cause skin lesions, but they are not usually brown.

Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, can be deadly. It may also look very similar to tinea nigra in the early stages. Similarly to tinea nigra, melanoma is not typically painful at first. Therefore, people who do not get relief from home or medical treatment should see a dermatologist and request a biopsy.

Some other medical conditions and factors that may cause brown patches include:

• skin staining from henna
• skin hyperpigmentation from pregnancy or Addison’s disease
• complications of syphilis
• exposure to certain chemicals, such as silver nitrate

Tinea nigra is not a serious medical condition. Most people do not notice any symptoms other than brown spots on the skin.

However, as tinea nigra looks similar to several other conditions, it is important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.

Prompt treatment can prevent serious skin-related conditions from getting worse.

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Dear patients!
Multidisciplinary Clinic and Maternity Hospital “Paracelsus” informs you, according to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation to the Federal Tax Service dated March 25, 2022. N BS-4-11 / 3605, that subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 of Article 219 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for the taxpayer’s right to receive a social tax deduction in the amount paid by him in the tax period for medical services provided by medical organizations engaged in medical activities , him, his spouse, parents, children (including adopted children) under the age of 18, wards under the age of 18 (in accordance with the list of medical services approved by the Government of the Russian Federation).

Joint order of the Ministry of Taxation of Russia and the Ministry of Health of Russia of July 25, 2001 N 289 / BG-3-04 / 256 (hereinafter – the order of July 25, 2001) approved the form of the Certificate of payment for medical services for submission to the tax authorities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter – the Certificate payment for medical services).

This certificate certifies the fact of receiving a medical service and its payment through the cash desk of a healthcare institution at the expense of the taxpayer.

Thus, if the taxpayer submits to the tax authority a Certificate of payment for medical services, the taxpayer’s failure to submit the relevant contract for the provision of medical services and (or) documents confirming payment cannot be grounds for refusing to provide such a deduction.

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Plantar Wart (Spike): Causes and Treatments

June 21, 2018

Plantar Warts is a type of wart that occurs on the soles of the feet and on the palms of the hands.
Of all skin warts, plantar warts occur in 30%. They are the ones most often removed.

The only cause is the human papillomavirus, HPV for short.

Scheme of infection: people scratched the skin. The virus enters the skin. Embedded in the genes of skin cells. The cell takes on ugly forms, becoming similar to tumor cells.

Caution: Some types of human papillomavirus can cause cervical dysplasia and cancer.
Infection with the type of HPV that causes warts occurs during childhood. Almost all children become infected with this virus – in kindergartens, at schools, in public places. But not everyone gets sick – it all depends on the immune system. In childhood, warts appear for the first time. Then the adult’s immune system copes with this virus. Therefore, in adults, warts on the skin rarely appear. And if an adult has spikes, this indicates a decrease in the activity of the immune system.
Entrance gates for the virus are injuries of the soles of the feet and palms: scratches, cuts, abrasions and calluses. Provoking factors – excessive sweating of the feet and wearing tight shoes, stress.

The main manifestation of is a hard, round mass on the palm or sole of the foot.

Main symptom : Pain when walking and itching around the wart.

Initial stage:

• a small callus appears,
• she itches,
• hurts when walking.

After 2-4 weeks:

• Rough surface appears in the center,
• often – black dots in the center, **
• along the edges – a small roller of keratinized skin.

Why?

• Why do spines appear on the palm and sole? Because the skin here is especially dense (unlike other parts of the body). And this type of HPV virus infects just such skin.
• Why does it hurt when walking? Because the spine grows inward. When walking, the weight of the body presses on the wart and it compresses the pain receptors.
• Why is itching? Because the ugly cells of the plantar wart on the foot and palm press on neighboring skin receptors, which leads to itching.
• Why black dots? This is the result of blockage of blood vessels in the thickness of the wart on the foot or on the palm.

Dimensions – 3 -10 mm. At the same time, they rise above the surface of the skin by only 1-2 mm, because they grow inward and in breadth.
Child warts may appear nearby. They merge with the mother and form a painful conglomerate. This is a clear indicator of a decrease in immunity. And this often requires medical treatment.

Methods of treatment:

In 90% of people, a plantar wart goes away without treatment at an early stage. The immune system suppresses the virus and heals the skin.
The time of self-healing depends on the stage of the process: from 2 weeks to 1.5 years.

When should a thorn be treated?

• if it hurts a lot,
• if it interferes with walking,
• if grown to a large size,
• if children appear nearby.

How and with what to treat warts on the feet?

Removal – a treatment that is successful in 98% of patients

Drug removal

Local necrotizing agents are used for this purpose.
Solcoderm, vartoks, duofilm, kollomak, super celandine and others
They contain acids or alkalis. Removal of plantar warts (thorns) occurs through a chemical burn of the skin. The wart is dying.
And in this place there is an inconspicuous scar.
The treatment time is long: an average of 14-20 days).
The probability of recurrence (reappearance at the same place) is very high.

Instrument removal

• Laser.

Your wart will be vaporized by the laser. In this place you will have a deep wound. The wound will heal in 10-14 days.
Disadvantages of the method: deep wound after removal. Rough scarring.

• Liquid nitrogen.

Deep tissue freezing occurs. A bubble forms. It will hurt a lot and then hurt more!! Heals 14 days.
Disadvantages of the method: Severe pain during removal and after removal. Prolonged healing. Rough scar.

• Radio wave radiation (device “Surgitron”).

The same effect as from the laser – tissue evaporation. And only a deepening-wound will remain from the wart.

Advantages of the method:

Nearby vessels are coagulated, forming a dense crust at the site of the neoplasm, so the removal is performed without damage to the vessels and does not cause even the slightest blood loss.
The crust disappears on its own after 7-10 days. In its place is an inconspicuous scar.

The wart is burned out with an electrocoagulator. This is the same scalpel, only electric. It is now rarely used in large clinics.

Prevention is the foundation of the foundations

• Wearing loose shoes.
• Treatment of excessive sweating of the feet.