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Blood Sugar Level 300: Understanding Blood Glucose Monitoring and Its Importance

How does blood glucose monitoring work. What are the target ranges for blood sugar levels. Why is regular glucose monitoring crucial for managing diabetes. What are the potential complications of high and low blood sugar levels. How to perform a blood glucose test at home. How often should you check your blood sugar levels.

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The Basics of Blood Glucose Monitoring

Blood glucose monitoring is a crucial aspect of managing diabetes. It involves regularly checking blood sugar levels to understand how various factors affect your body’s glucose regulation. This information helps both patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about diabetes management strategies.

Portable blood glucose meters, known as glucometers, are the primary tools used for this purpose. These devices analyze a small blood sample, typically obtained from a fingertip, to provide a quick and accurate reading of current blood sugar levels.

Components of a Blood Glucose Monitoring Kit

  • Glucose meter
  • Testing strips
  • Lancets (small needles)
  • Lancing device
  • Logbook or digital recording system

These kits are readily available from various sources, including doctor’s offices, pharmacies, and online stores. The cost and features of glucose meters can vary, with some offering additional functionalities to cater to specific needs.

The Importance of Regular Blood Glucose Monitoring

Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for several reasons:

  1. It helps in understanding how different foods, medications, and activities affect your blood sugar.
  2. It allows for timely detection of high or low blood sugar levels, preventing potential complications.
  3. It provides valuable data for healthcare providers to adjust treatment plans as needed.
  4. It empowers individuals with diabetes to take an active role in managing their condition.

By consistently tracking blood sugar levels, individuals can work with their healthcare team to make informed decisions about medication dosages, exercise routines, and dietary choices.

Target Blood Glucose Ranges and Their Significance

Target blood glucose ranges are individualized based on factors such as age, type of diabetes, overall health, and other personal considerations. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate range for you.

Is there a general guideline for target blood glucose levels? The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology recommend keeping fasting and pre-meal glucose values between 80-130 mg/dL. However, it’s crucial to consult with your doctor to establish your specific target range.

Potential Complications of Uncontrolled Blood Sugar Levels

Maintaining blood glucose levels within the target range is vital for preventing both short-term and long-term complications associated with diabetes.

Complications of High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia)

  • Heart disease
  • Nerve damage (neuropathy)
  • Vision problems (retinopathy)
  • Poor blood flow
  • Kidney disease (nephropathy)

Complications of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia)

  • Confusion
  • Weakness
  • Dizziness
  • Jitters
  • Sweating
  • In severe cases, seizures and coma

Regular monitoring helps in identifying and addressing blood sugar fluctuations before they lead to these serious complications.

Step-by-Step Guide to Performing a Blood Glucose Test

Performing a blood glucose test at home is a straightforward process. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

  1. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water.
  2. Insert a test strip into your glucose meter.
  3. Use a lancet to prick the side of your fingertip.
  4. Gently squeeze your finger to obtain a small drop of blood.
  5. Touch the edge of the test strip to the blood drop.
  6. Wait for the meter to display your blood glucose reading (usually within a minute).
  7. Record the result in your logbook or digital tracking system.

Can using alcohol wipes replace hand washing before testing? While alcohol wipes can be used to clean the testing site, it’s essential to let the area dry completely before pricking your finger to ensure accurate results.

Frequency of Blood Glucose Testing

The frequency of blood glucose testing varies depending on the type of diabetes and individual circumstances.

For Type 1 Diabetes

Individuals with Type 1 diabetes typically need to test their blood glucose four or more times per day. This includes:

  • Before and after meals
  • Before and after exercise
  • At bedtime
  • More frequently during illness or stress

For Type 2 Diabetes

The testing frequency for Type 2 diabetes is often less intensive and varies based on the individual’s treatment plan. Your healthcare provider will recommend an appropriate testing schedule based on factors such as:

  • Medication regimen
  • Level of blood sugar control
  • Overall health status

Are there situations where more frequent testing is necessary? Yes, during periods of illness, stress, or changes in medication or lifestyle, more frequent testing may be recommended to ensure proper blood sugar management.

Advanced Features in Modern Glucose Meters

As technology advances, glucose meters are becoming more sophisticated, offering features that enhance usability and data management. Some advanced features include:

  • Bluetooth connectivity for syncing data with smartphone apps
  • Larger, backlit displays for easier reading
  • Voice guidance for individuals with visual impairments
  • Rechargeable batteries for convenience
  • Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) integration

These features can make blood glucose monitoring more convenient and provide more comprehensive data for both patients and healthcare providers.

Interpreting Blood Glucose Results

Understanding your blood glucose readings is crucial for effective diabetes management. Here’s a general guide to interpreting results:

  • Fasting blood glucose (before meals): 80-130 mg/dL
  • Post-meal blood glucose (1-2 hours after eating): Less than 180 mg/dL
  • Bedtime blood glucose: 100-140 mg/dL

However, it’s important to remember that these are general guidelines, and your target range may differ based on your individual circumstances.

How should you respond to out-of-range readings? If your blood glucose levels are consistently outside your target range, it’s essential to consult with your healthcare provider. They may recommend adjustments to your medication, diet, or lifestyle to improve blood sugar control.

The Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is an advanced technology that provides real-time, ongoing glucose measurements throughout the day and night. CGM systems use a small sensor inserted under the skin to measure glucose levels in the interstitial fluid.

Benefits of CGM

  • Provides a more comprehensive view of glucose trends
  • Helps identify patterns and fluctuations that might be missed with spot checks
  • Allows for immediate action to prevent hyper- or hypoglycemia
  • Reduces the need for frequent finger pricks
  • Can improve overall glycemic control

While CGM doesn’t completely replace traditional blood glucose monitoring, it can be a valuable tool for many individuals with diabetes, especially those with Type 1 diabetes or those prone to frequent glucose fluctuations.

Maintaining Your Blood Glucose Monitoring Equipment

Proper maintenance of your blood glucose monitoring equipment is crucial for ensuring accurate results and extending the life of your device. Here are some tips for maintaining your glucose meter and supplies:

  • Clean your meter regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions
  • Store test strips in their original container and keep them away from heat and moisture
  • Check the expiration dates on test strips and other supplies
  • Calibrate your meter as recommended by the manufacturer
  • Replace batteries as needed

How often should you replace your glucose meter? While there’s no set timeframe for replacing glucose meters, it’s a good idea to review the latest technologies with your healthcare provider annually to ensure you’re using the most appropriate device for your needs.

The Importance of Keeping a Blood Glucose Log

Maintaining a detailed record of your blood glucose readings is an essential aspect of diabetes management. A blood glucose log provides valuable insights into your glucose patterns and helps you and your healthcare team make informed decisions about your treatment plan.

Key Information to Include in Your Log

  • Date and time of each reading
  • Blood glucose level
  • Meals and snacks consumed
  • Medication doses and times
  • Physical activity
  • Stress levels or illness
  • Any other factors that might affect blood sugar

Many modern glucose meters offer digital logging capabilities, allowing you to easily track and analyze your data over time. Some even sync with smartphone apps for more comprehensive health tracking.

Addressing Common Concerns About Blood Glucose Monitoring

While blood glucose monitoring is a crucial part of diabetes management, some individuals may have concerns or face challenges with the process. Let’s address some common issues:

Pain from Finger Pricks

Is there a way to reduce discomfort from finger pricks? Yes, try these tips:

  • Use the sides of your fingertips instead of the center
  • Rotate testing sites to avoid overusing one area
  • Adjust the depth setting on your lancing device
  • Consider alternate site testing (e.g., forearm) when appropriate

Cost of Supplies

The ongoing cost of test strips and other supplies can be a concern for some individuals. To manage costs:

  • Check with your insurance provider about coverage for diabetes supplies
  • Look into patient assistance programs offered by meter manufacturers
  • Consider using a meter that requires smaller blood samples, which may use less expensive strips

Difficulty Interpreting Results

If you’re having trouble understanding your blood glucose patterns:

  • Discuss your results with your healthcare provider or diabetes educator
  • Use a digital logging app that provides pattern analysis
  • Attend diabetes education classes to improve your understanding of blood glucose management

Integrating Blood Glucose Monitoring into Your Daily Routine

Successfully incorporating blood glucose monitoring into your daily life is key to effective diabetes management. Here are some strategies to make it a seamless part of your routine:

  • Set reminders on your phone or watch for testing times
  • Keep a testing kit at work or in your car for convenience
  • Establish a consistent testing routine (e.g., before meals, at bedtime)
  • Use a small, portable meter for on-the-go testing
  • Involve family members or friends for support and accountability

Remember, consistency is key when it comes to blood glucose monitoring. The more regularly you test and record your results, the better equipped you’ll be to manage your diabetes effectively.

The Future of Blood Glucose Monitoring

As technology continues to advance, the future of blood glucose monitoring looks promising. Several innovative approaches are being developed or refined:

Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring

Researchers are exploring various methods of measuring blood glucose without the need for finger pricks. These include:

  • Optical sensors that measure glucose through the skin
  • Breath analysis devices
  • Smart contact lenses that measure glucose in tears

Artificial Pancreas Systems

These closed-loop systems combine continuous glucose monitoring with insulin pumps to automatically adjust insulin delivery based on real-time glucose readings.

Implantable Glucose Sensors

Long-term implantable sensors are being developed to provide continuous glucose monitoring for extended periods without the need for frequent sensor changes.

Smartphone Integration

Future glucose monitoring systems may be more seamlessly integrated with smartphones, allowing for more comprehensive health tracking and data analysis.

While these technologies are exciting, it’s important to note that many are still in development or early stages of implementation. Always consult with your healthcare provider about the most appropriate monitoring methods for your individual needs.

The Role of Diet and Exercise in Blood Glucose Management

While blood glucose monitoring is crucial, it’s equally important to understand how lifestyle factors, particularly diet and exercise, impact your blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring can help you learn how different foods and activities affect your glucose levels, allowing you to make informed choices.

Dietary Considerations

Monitoring your blood glucose before and after meals can provide valuable insights into how different foods affect your blood sugar. Some key points to consider:

  • Carbohydrate counting: Learning to estimate the carbohydrate content of your meals can help you predict their impact on blood sugar.
  • Glycemic index: Foods with a lower glycemic index tend to cause a slower, more gradual rise in blood sugar.
  • Portion control: Even healthy foods can raise blood sugar if consumed in large quantities.
  • Meal timing: Consistent meal times can help stabilize blood sugar levels.

Exercise and Blood Glucose

Physical activity can have a significant impact on blood glucose levels. Regular monitoring before, during, and after exercise can help you:

  • Understand how different types and intensities of exercise affect your blood sugar
  • Prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia
  • Adjust your food intake or medication as needed to maintain stable blood sugar during activity

By combining regular blood glucose monitoring with mindful eating and exercise habits, you can achieve better overall diabetes management and improve your long-term health outcomes.

Blood Glucose Monitoring: How It Works

Blood glucose monitoring

Testing your blood sugar level is one of the best ways to understand your diabetes and how different foods, medications, and activities affect your diabetes. Keeping track of your blood glucose can help you and your doctor make a plan to manage this condition.

People use portable blood glucose meters, called glucometers, to check their blood sugar levels. These work by analyzing a small amount of blood, usually from a fingertip.

A lancet lightly pricks your skin to obtain the blood. Meters tell you your current blood sugar. But, since blood sugar levels change, you need to test levels often and record them.

You can get blood glucose monitoring kits and supplies from:

  • your doctor’s office
  • a diabetes educator’s office
  • a pharmacy
  • online stores

You can discuss the price with your doctor or pharmacist. Glucose meters come with testing strips, small needles, or lancets, to prick your finger, and a device to hold the needle. The kit may include a logbook or you might be able to download the readings onto your computer.

Meters vary in cost and size. Some have added features to suit different needs and preferences. These may include:

  • audio capabilities for people with vision impairment
  • backlit screens to help you see them in low light
  • additional memory or data storage
  • preloaded test strips for people who have difficulty using their hands
  • USB ports to load information directly to a computer

Regular glucose monitoring is one way people with diabetes can learn more about their condition. When it’s time to make important decisions about medication dosage, exercise, and diet, knowing your blood glucose levels will help you, your doctor, and the rest of your healthcare team.

By checking your blood glucose levels routinely, you’ll also know when your blood sugar is too high or too low, both of which can cause symptoms and serious health problems.

Your doctor will calculate the target range for your blood glucose based on your age, your type of diabetes, your overall health, and other factors. It’s important to keep your glucose levels within your target range as best as you can.

Complications of high and low blood sugar levels

If you don’t get treatment, high blood sugar levels can lead to long-term complications, including:

  • heart disease
  • nerve damage
  • vision problems
  • poor blood flow
  • kidney disease

Low blood sugar levels can also cause symptoms that include:

  • confusion
  • weakness
  • dizziness
  • jitters
  • sweating

Low blood sugar can also lead to serious complications, such as seizures and coma.

Risks from the blood glucose test are minimal and much lower than the risks of not monitoring your blood sugar levels.

If you share insulin needles and testing supplies with someone, you’re at an increased risk of spreading illnesses, such as:

  • HIV
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C

You should never share needles or finger-stick devices for any reason.

Before checking your blood glucose levels, make sure that you have:

  • a finger-stick device to prick your finger, such as a lancet
  • an alcohol swab to sterilize the puncture site
  • a blood glucose monitor
  • a bandage if bleeding continues beyond a few drops

Also, depending on the type of test you’re taking, you may need to adjust your meal schedule or time it around your meal, depending on your doctor’s instructions.

Before you begin, wash your hands thoroughly to prevent infection at the finger-prick site. If you use alcohol wipes instead of washing, be sure to let the site dry before testing.

Next, put a testing strip into the meter. Prick your finger with the lancet to get a small drop of blood. Use the sides of the fingertips instead of the tip to decrease finger discomfort.

The blood goes on the test strip you inserted into the meter. Your monitor will analyze the blood and give you the blood glucose reading on its digital display usually within a minute.

Finger pricks rarely require a bandage, but you may want to use one if bleeding continues beyond a few drops. It’s important to follow all the instructions that came with your glucometer to ensure accurate results.

If you have type 1 diabetes, you may need to test your blood glucose four or more times per day. This includes before and after meals and exercise, and more often when you are sick.

If you have type 2 diabetes, your doctor will let you know when and how often to test your blood glucose.

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology recommends you keep fasting and premeal glucose values at 80-130 and post-prandial

However, these are general guidelines and are not for everyone. Ask your doctor about your target levels.

Regular blood glucose monitoring is an essential tool to help you take control of your diabetes. By identifying and recording changes in your blood sugar levels, you’ll have more information about how food, exercise, stress, and other factors affect your diabetes.

Diabetic coma – Symptoms & causes

Overview

A diabetic coma is a life-threatening disorder that causes unconsciousness. If you have diabetes, dangerously high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can lead to a diabetic coma.

If you go into a diabetic coma, you’re alive — but you can’t wake up or respond purposefully to sights, sounds or other types of stimulation. If it’s not treated, a diabetic coma can result in death.

The idea of a diabetic coma can be scary, but you can take steps to help prevent it. One of the most important is to follow your diabetes treatment plan.

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Symptoms

Symptoms of high blood sugar or low blood sugar usually develop before a diabetic coma.

High blood sugar (hyperglycemia)

If your blood sugar level is too high, you may have:

  • Increased thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Blurred vision
  • Tiredness or weakness
  • Headache
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Shortness of breath
  • Stomach pain
  • Fruity breath odor
  • A very dry mouth

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)

If your blood sugar is too low, you may have:

  • Shakiness
  • Anxiety
  • Tiredness or drowsiness
  • Weakness
  • Sweating
  • Hunger
  • A feeling of tingling on your skin
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Headache
  • Difficulty speaking
  • Blurry vision
  • Confusion
  • Loss of consciousness

Some people, especially those who’ve had diabetes for a long time, develop a condition known as hypoglycemia unawareness. That means they don’t have warning symptoms that signal a drop in blood sugar.

If you have any symptoms of high or low blood sugar, test your blood sugar right away. Based on the test results, follow your diabetes treatment. If you don’t start to feel better quickly, or you start to feel worse, get medical care right away.

When to see a doctor

A diabetic coma is a medical emergency. If you have symptoms of high or low blood sugar and you think you might pass out, call 911 or your local emergency number.

If you’re with someone with diabetes who has passed out, call for emergency help. Tell the emergency personnel that the unconscious person has diabetes.

Causes

Blood sugar that’s either too high or too low for too long may cause the following serious health problems, all of which can lead to a diabetic coma.

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis. If your muscle cells become starved for energy, your body may start breaking down fat for energy. This process forms toxic acids known as ketones. If you have ketones (measured in blood or urine) and high blood sugar, the condition is called diabetic ketoacidosis. If it’s not treated, it can lead to a diabetic coma.

    Diabetic ketoacidosis is most common in people who have type 1 diabetes. But it can also occur in people who have type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes.

  • Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. If your blood sugar level goes above 600 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 33.3 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), the condition is called diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome.

    When blood sugar is very high, the extra sugar passes from the blood into the urine. That triggers a process that draws a large amount of fluid from the body. If it isn’t treated, this can lead to life-threatening dehydration and a diabetic coma.

  • Hypoglycemia. Your brain needs sugar (glucose) to function. In severe cases, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) may cause you to pass out. Low blood sugar can be caused by too much insulin or not enough food. Exercising too vigorously or drinking too much alcohol can have the same effect.

Risk factors

Anyone who has diabetes is at risk of a diabetic coma, but the following factors can increase the risk:

  • Insulin delivery problems. If you’re using an insulin pump, you have to check your blood sugar frequently. Insulin delivery can stop if the pump fails or if the tubing (catheter) becomes twisted or falls out of place. A lack of insulin can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • An illness, trauma or surgery. When you’re sick or injured, blood sugar levels can change, sometimes significantly, increasing your risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome.
  • Poorly managed diabetes. If you don’t monitor your blood sugar properly or take your medications as directed by your health care provider, you have a higher risk of developing long-term health problems and a higher risk of diabetic coma.
  • Deliberately skipping meals or insulin. Sometimes, people with diabetes who also have an eating disorder choose not to use their insulin as they should, in the hope of losing weight. This is a dangerous, life-threatening thing to do, and it raises the risk of a diabetic coma.
  • Drinking alcohol. Alcohol can have unpredictable effects on your blood sugar. Alcohol’s effects may make it harder for you to know when you’re having low blood sugar symptoms. This can increase your risk of a diabetic coma caused by hypoglycemia.
  • Illegal drug use. Illegal drugs, such as cocaine, can increase your risk of severe high blood sugar and conditions linked to diabetic coma.

Complications

If it is not treated, a diabetic coma can lead to permanent brain damage and death.

Prevention

Good day-to-day control of your diabetes can help you prevent a diabetic coma. Keep these tips in mind:

  • Follow your meal plan. Consistent snacks and meals can help you control your blood sugar level.
  • Keep an eye on your blood sugar level. Frequent blood sugar tests can tell you whether you’re keeping your blood sugar level in your target range. It also can alert you to dangerous highs or lows. Check more frequently if you’ve exercised. Exercise can cause blood sugar levels to drop, even hours later, especially if you don’t exercise regularly.
  • Take your medication as directed. If you have frequent episodes of high or low blood sugar, tell your health care provider. You may need to have the dose or the timing of your medication adjusted.
  • Have a sick-day plan. Illness can cause an unexpected change in blood sugar. If you are sick and unable to eat, your blood sugar may drop. While you are healthy, talk with your doctor about how to best manage your blood sugar levels if you get sick. Consider storing at least a week’s worth of diabetes supplies and an extra glucagon kit in case of emergencies.
  • Check for ketones when your blood sugar is high. Check your urine for ketones when your blood sugar level is over 250 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (14 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)) on more than two consecutive tests, especially if you are sick. If you have a large amount of ketones, call your health care provider for advice. Call your health care provider immediately if you have any level of ketones and are vomiting. High levels of ketones can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, which can lead to coma.
  • Have glucagon and fast-acting sources of sugar available. If you take insulin for your diabetes, have an up-to-date glucagon kit and fast-acting sources of sugar, such as glucose tablets or orange juice, readily available to treat low blood sugar levels.
  • Consider a continuous glucose monitor, especially if you have trouble maintaining stable blood sugar levels or you don’t feel symptoms of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia unawareness).

    Continuous glucose monitors are devices that use a small sensor inserted underneath the skin to track trends in blood sugar levels and send the information to a wireless device, such as a smart phone.

    These monitors can alert you when your blood sugar is dangerously low or if it is dropping too fast. But you still need to test your blood sugar levels using a blood glucose meter even if you’re using one of these monitors. Continuous glucose monitors are more expensive than other glucose monitoring methods, but they may help you control your glucose better.

  • Drink alcohol with caution. Because alcohol can have an unpredictable effect on your blood sugar, have a snack or a meal when you drink alcohol, if you choose to drink at all.
  • Educate your loved ones, friends and co-workers. Teach loved ones and other close contacts how to recognize the early symptoms of blood sugar extremes and how to give emergency injections. If you pass out, someone should be able to call for emergency help.
  • Wear a medical identification bracelet or necklace. If you’re unconscious, the bracelet or necklace can provide valuable information to your friends, co-workers and emergency personnel.

Continuous glucose monitor and insulin pump

A continuous glucose monitor, on the left, is a device that measures blood sugar every few minutes using a sensor inserted under the skin. An insulin pump, attached to the pocket, is a device that’s worn outside of the body with a tube that connects the reservoir of insulin to a catheter inserted under the skin of the abdomen. Insulin pumps are programmed to deliver specific amounts of insulin continuously and with food.

Diabetes mellitus – causes, symptoms, blood sugar level

British scientists with the participation of WHO (World Health Organization) found that over the past 20 years the number of patients with diabetes mellitus has doubled. Currently, over 3 million Russians have been diagnosed with diabetes, according to doctors, about 6-9 million more do not know about their disease. Russia is in 5th place in the world in terms of incidence, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes) has become especially common in children, adolescents and young adults.

Diabetes mellitus is not in vain called the “disease of civilization” – malnutrition, low physical activity, constant stress, i.e. everything that makes up the lifestyle of a modern person are the main causes of the development of the disease.

Doctors say that it is not the disease itself that is scary, but its consequences: the target organs of diabetes mellitus are vision, kidneys, nervous system, heart, blood vessels … With early diagnosis and adequate timely treatment, it is quite possible to avoid serious consequences of the disease and maintain the habitual the quality of life of patients.

Every year November 14th is World Diabetes Day . On this day, medical workers pay great attention to informing as many people as possible about diabetes mellitus , its symptoms and consequences, and tell how to prevent the development of this disease.

It is known that today, despite the high level of development of medicine and pharmaceuticals, an effective remedy has not yet been invented that would completely cure diabetes. People diagnosed with the disease are forced to take medicines for the rest of their lives, follow the recommendations for a healthy diet, and follow other doctor’s orders. Therefore, the best way to prevent the development of the disease is its prevention. It is quite simple to do this – you just need to pay attention to the possible symptoms of diabetes in a timely manner.

Symptoms of diabetes mellitus

  • Polydipsia (great thirst, dry mouth).
  • Polyuria (frequent urination, including at night, an increase in the amount of urine excreted).
  • Severe weakness, fatigue, decreased performance.
  • Polyphagia (increased appetite).
  • Weight loss.

Normal sugar – what is it?

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia – an increase in blood sugar levels . What blood sugar level should be considered normal? In healthy people blood glucose levels may fluctuate: on an empty stomach – 3.3-5.5 mmol / l, after eating it can rise to 7.8 mmol / l. If such an indicator is observed in blood taken on an empty stomach, this may indicate in favor of diabetes mellitus . The content of glucose in whole blood and plasma, which is obtained after processing the blood in the laboratory, is different, also different blood sugar levels taken from a finger and from a vein – for example, the maximum allowable blood glucose level when taking blood from a vein is 6.1.

If the blood sugar level fluctuates above 5.6 and can reach up to 7.8 mmol, an additional glucose tolerance test is performed: in the morning on an empty stomach, blood is taken from the patient, then he drinks an aqueous glucose solution (75 g per 300 ml of water). Then repeated blood sampling is carried out after 2 hours.

If you have identified symptoms similar to symptoms of diabetes mellitus in yourself or your loved one, immediately contact the GUTA CLINIC endocrinologist! Early diagnosis in combination with adequate therapy will help to stabilize blood sugar levels through individual selection of hypoglycemic drugs, restore impaired blood supply to organs and tissues, and enhance glucose uptake by tissues. Yes, diabetes is incurable, but it is in your power to tame the “sweet” disease and not let it take over!

How to reduce blood sugar levels – May 21, 2022

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Nutrition with high blood sugar should be given special attention

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Elevated blood sugar levels are a wake-up call, says Dr. Peter. If the numbers deviated slightly from the norm, it is worthwhile to analyze your lifestyle without delay and revise it if necessary.

– Normally, the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood from a vein on an empty stomach is up to 6.1 mmol / l, 2 hours after eating – up to 7.8 mmol / l, – endocrinologist Gulnara Belousova explained to Doctor Peter. – In diabetes mellitus, the glucose level is equal to or higher than 7.0 mmol / l, 2 hours after eating – 11.1 mmol / l and above. An increase in the blood glucose level of more than 8.0 mmol / l has a toxic effect on the pancreas, damaging the cells that produce insulin.

Gulnara Belousova — endocrinologist at the Zdravitsa Family Medicine Center in Novosibirsk.

An increase in blood sugar after meals is especially dangerous for the vessels of the heart and brain. So, with very high blood glucose levels (more than 13. 0 mmol / l), ketones (markers of carbohydrate metabolism disorders) may appear in the urine, and this condition may require hospitalization, the doctor notes.

If diabetes is detected, hypoglycemic drugs are immediately prescribed.

“Yes, maybe,” the endocrinologist assures. – In this disease, there is a violation of the production of insulin and / or a violation of the sensitivity of body cells to it.

Insulin is needed in order to pass glucose into the cell. If there is not enough of it or the cells of the body do not feel it, glucose remains in the blood. The reason is the violation of metabolic processes inside the body, and malnutrition only exacerbates the situation, accelerates the development of diabetes.

“At first, with a slight increase in blood glucose levels against the background of a diet, in some cases it is possible to achieve normalization of carbohydrate metabolism,” explains Gulnara Belousova. But, as a rule, this effect does not last for a long period. During the absence of therapy, complications will develop. The sooner treatment is started, the better the outcome. Modern hypoglycemic drugs not only effectively and safely reduce blood glucose, but also prevent the development of cardiovascular complications, prolong the life of patients.

The goal of treating diabetes is not to see the right number in the analysis, but to ensure a good quality of life without complications and increase its duration, the doctor says.

— Nutrition is part of the treatment of diabetes, — explains the endocrinologist. “We are not talking about hard limits. Severe calorie restriction and fasting are contraindicated. To begin with, you need to limit fats as much as possible (primarily of animal origin) and sweet foods. Moderately worth eating foods consisting mainly of complex carbohydrates and proteins. You should choose carbohydrates in the composition of vegetables, whole grains, dairy products.

In diabetes, the benefits of taking vitamins (in the absence of signs of beriberi), microelements, and various dietary supplements have not been proven.

“If blood sugar is slightly elevated, you can lower it without pills by observing the diet,” explained nutritionist Alexandra Lysenkova .

1. Eliminate fast carbohydrates in the form of sweets, pastries, fast food, sugary drinks, soda, sauces (ketchup).

2. Avoid side dishes such as mashed potatoes, whole grain pasta and white rice.

3. Focus on cooked, raw and pickled vegetables (1/2 plate), quality protein – fish, seafood, offal, poultry, meat – rabbit, beef, lamb, legumes (1/4 plate) and slow carbohydrates – buckwheat, wild rice, millet, quinoa, whole grains (1/4 plate).

It is important not to eat carbohydrates separately (they are digested quickly and cause blood sugar spikes). It is better to combine carbohydrates with protein foods. Protein slows down the digestion process, keeping you feeling full longer, and reduces the rate at which glucose enters the bloodstream.

4. Do not forget about healthy fats in every meal – eggs, fatty fish, unrefined raw-pressed vegetable oils, raw nuts and seeds, avocados, olives.

Nuts have a balanced content of vegetable proteins, fiber and healthy fats that help to maintain normal sugar levels.

Good blood sugar combinations include eggs and whole grain toast, oatmeal and yogurt, chicken with brown rice, crackers and cheese.

5. Any kind of physical exercise lowers blood sugar levels.

— In case of diabetes, aerobic exercise lasting 30–40 minutes daily is recommended, — said endocrinologist Gulnara Belousova. – Regularity is important. Physical activity improves quality of life and helps to reduce and maintain body weight.

– Physical activity should be dosed individually for each person. The duration of light to moderate intensity activities, such as walking, swimming, cycling, should be 45-60 minutes a day at least three times a week – I’m sure and therapist of the NAKFF Medical Clinic Tatyana Nalegach . – As for the swings of the arms – such exercises are aimed at stimulating the lymphatic channel, since the lymphatic vessels do not have their own heart and valves.