What are bone spurs. How do they form. What symptoms do bone spurs cause. How are bone spurs diagnosed. What treatments are available for bone spurs. Can bone spurs be prevented. When should you see a doctor about bone spurs.

Understanding Bone Spurs: What Are They and How Do They Form?

Bone spurs, also known as osteophytes, are bony projections that develop along the edges of bones. They often form where bones meet each other in joints. But why do these bony growths occur?

Bone spurs typically develop as the body attempts to repair damage. They are often associated with the wear-and-tear damage of osteoarthritis. As osteoarthritis breaks down cartilage, the body may create bone spurs in an attempt to repair the damage.

Other causes of bone spurs can include:

• Aging
• Injuries
• Tight ligaments
• Certain genetic factors
• Obesity, which puts extra stress on joints

While bone spurs can form on any bone, they’re most commonly found in the:

• Spine
• Shoulders
• Hips
• Knees
• Feet, especially the heel (known as heel spurs)

Recognizing the Symptoms: How Do Bone Spurs Affect Your Body?

Many people with bone spurs experience no symptoms at all. In fact, you might have bone spurs without even realizing it. However, depending on their location, bone spurs can cause significant discomfort and health issues.

Common symptoms of bone spurs include:

• Pain in the affected area
• Stiffness or limited range of motion
• Numbness or tingling
• Weakness in the affected limb
• Visible lumps under the skin

Do bone spurs always cause pain? Not necessarily. The pain associated with bone spurs often comes from the spur rubbing against nerves or other tissues. For instance, a bone spur in your heel might cause pain when you walk, while a spur in your spine could compress nerves, leading to radiating pain or numbness.

Diagnosing Bone Spurs: Medical Imaging and Physical Examinations

How are bone spurs diagnosed? The process typically involves a combination of physical examination and medical imaging. Your doctor may start by asking about your symptoms and medical history. They’ll also likely perform a physical exam to check for tenderness, range of motion, and any visible abnormalities.

To confirm the presence of bone spurs, your doctor may order one or more of the following imaging tests:

1. X-rays: These can show the bony growths and any changes in the bones.
2. CT scans: These provide more detailed images and can show bone spurs that might not be visible on X-rays.
3. MRI: This can show soft tissue damage associated with bone spurs.

In some cases, your doctor might also recommend blood tests to rule out other conditions that could be causing your symptoms.

Treatment Options: Managing Pain and Improving Mobility

How are bone spurs treated? The treatment approach often depends on the location of the spur and the severity of symptoms. In many cases, conservative treatments can effectively manage symptoms.

Common treatment options for bone spurs include:

• Rest and activity modification
• Physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength
• Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
• Ice or heat therapy
• Orthotics or supportive shoes for heel spurs
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation

Is surgery ever necessary for bone spurs? In some cases, yes. If conservative treatments don’t provide relief, or if the bone spur is causing significant limitations, your doctor might recommend surgical removal of the spur. This is typically done through minimally invasive procedures when possible.

Prevention Strategies: Reducing Your Risk of Bone Spurs

While it’s not always possible to prevent bone spurs, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your joints
• Practice good posture to minimize strain on your spine
• Wear properly fitting, supportive shoes
• Stretch regularly, especially before exercise
• Incorporate low-impact exercises into your routine
• Address any underlying conditions, such as arthritis

Can dietary changes help prevent bone spurs? While there’s no specific diet proven to prevent bone spurs, a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can support overall bone health. Some studies suggest that anti-inflammatory foods might help reduce the risk of conditions that can lead to bone spurs.

Bone Spurs in Specific Body Parts: Unique Challenges and Solutions

Heel Spurs

Heel spurs are a common type of bone spur that forms on the underside of the heel bone. They’re often associated with plantar fasciitis, an inflammation of the tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot.

Treatment for heel spurs may include:

• Stretching exercises for the calf muscles and plantar fascia
• Orthotics or heel cups to provide cushioning
• Night splints to keep the plantar fascia stretched
• In severe cases, extracorporeal shock wave therapy or surgery

Spinal Bone Spurs

Bone spurs in the spine can be particularly problematic, as they can compress nerves and cause radiating pain, numbness, or weakness. In severe cases, they may lead to spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal.

Treatment options for spinal bone spurs might include:

• Physical therapy to improve posture and strengthen supporting muscles
• Pain management techniques, including medication and injections
• In severe cases, surgical decompression or spinal fusion

When to Seek Medical Attention: Red Flags and Warning Signs

When should you see a doctor about bone spurs? While many bone spurs are asymptomatic, there are certain situations where medical attention is warranted:

• Persistent pain that doesn’t improve with rest or over-the-counter treatments
• Visible lumps or deformities that are increasing in size
• Loss of range of motion in a joint
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness, especially if it’s getting worse
• Difficulty with daily activities due to pain or limited mobility

Are there any emergency signs to watch for with bone spurs? While bone spurs themselves rarely cause emergencies, complications can occur. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden, severe pain
• Loss of bladder or bowel control (which could indicate spinal cord compression)
• Sudden weakness or numbness in a limb

Living with Bone Spurs: Coping Strategies and Lifestyle Adjustments

Living with bone spurs can be challenging, but there are strategies to help manage symptoms and maintain quality of life:

1. Practice good posture: This can help reduce stress on affected joints.
2. Use assistive devices: Canes, walkers, or ergonomic tools can help reduce strain.
3. Modify your activities: Find low-impact alternatives for high-impact activities.
4. Maintain a healthy weight: This can significantly reduce stress on weight-bearing joints.
5. Stay active: Regular, gentle exercise can help maintain flexibility and strength.
6. Use heat and cold therapy: This can help manage pain and inflammation.
7. Consider complementary therapies: Some people find relief with acupuncture or massage therapy.

How can you manage pain from bone spurs at home? In addition to over-the-counter pain relievers, you might try:

• Gentle stretching exercises
• Applying a warm compress to stiff joints
• Using an ice pack on inflamed areas
• Practicing relaxation techniques to reduce muscle tension

Future Directions: Research and Emerging Treatments for Bone Spurs

What does the future hold for bone spur treatment? Researchers are continually exploring new approaches to managing and treating bone spurs. Some areas of ongoing research include:

• Biological therapies: These aim to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes.
• Advanced imaging techniques: These could lead to earlier detection and intervention.
• Minimally invasive surgical techniques: These could reduce recovery time and complications.
• Regenerative medicine: This includes stem cell therapies and platelet-rich plasma injections.
• Targeted drug delivery: This could provide more effective pain relief with fewer side effects.

Are there any promising new treatments on the horizon? While it’s important to approach new treatments with caution until they’ve been thoroughly studied, some emerging therapies show promise. For example, some researchers are exploring the use of ultrasound therapy to break down bone spurs non-invasively. Others are investigating new types of joint lubricants that could reduce friction and slow the progression of bone spurs.

As research continues, it’s likely that we’ll see more personalized approaches to treating bone spurs, taking into account factors like the patient’s age, overall health, and the specific location and characteristics of the bone spur.

In conclusion, while bone spurs can be a challenging condition to live with, there are many options available for managing symptoms and improving quality of life. By working closely with healthcare providers and staying informed about new developments, individuals with bone spurs can take an active role in their treatment and maintain optimal joint health.

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Heel spur, causes, symptoms, treatment

Heel spur is a bony growth in the plantar surface of the calcaneus. Its appearance is associated with constant irritation of the place of attachment to the heel bone of the plantar aponeurosis. This irritation usually occurs with increased physical exertion on the foot.

The main cause of the formation of a bone outgrowth in the calcaneus is the constant irritation of the place of attachment to the bone of the tendons or ligaments, in particular, the plantar aponeurosis. As a result of constant irritation in this area, inflammation occurs. That is what is causing the pain. Gradually, the place of attachment of the inflamed ligament or aponeurosis undergoes “calcification” – that is, as if “impregnated” with calcium salts. In this period, when radiography of the foot, you can see the shadow of the bone growth – osteophyte .

Major risk factors for heel spurs :

• Age over 40 years.
• Comorbidities in the joints of the foot, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
• Violation of blood microcirculation in the foot.
• Other degenerative diseases.

Symptoms of a heel spur

Symptoms of a heel spur do not appear immediately after the formation of a bone growth. Due to the proximity of the tendons, a heel spur can cause constant pain in the foot. Heel spur pain is described as similar to toothache.

It should be noted that the pain of a heel spur is not due to the pressure of body weight on the spur itself, but due to inflammation of the soft tissues around the spur. The pressure of these inflamed tissues, for example, when stepping on the heel, leads to sharp pains. Usually, pain most often occurs at the very beginning of walking. This is explained as follows. At rest, the nerves and capillaries in the area of ​​the inflamed tissue, as it were, adapt to the rest of the foot. However, with a sharp start of movement, the vessels and nerves do not have time to adapt to new conditions. As a result, pain occurs.

Diagnosis

Performed by routine inspection and feel of the sole and heel. At the same time, the most painful point is located. The spur itself is usually not palpable, however, due to chronic inflammation of the soft tissues, their compaction can develop, which can be felt.

X-ray of the foot allows to clarify the diagnosis. In this case, the bone growth is visible on the x-ray.

Heel spur treatment

Treatment of a heel spur often is carried out conservatively and is aimed at three main points:

• Elimination of inflammation of the soft tissues around the spur;
• Prevention of inflammation;
• Removal of the heel spur itself.

Patients come to the Orthopedics and Sports Injury Clinic of the Zaporozhye Regional Hospital with different problems, but with the same goal – to move freely again without pain and enjoy life. Natalya Borisovna from the Tokmak region was deprived of this happiness by a heel spur.

A woman says that she has suffered from heel spurs for years. I tried to defeat inflammation with the help of physiotherapy, all kinds of medicines and folk remedies, but they did not solve the problem, but only dulled the pain in the joint. Own house in the village, household, work – it became more and more difficult to live in the same rhythm. One day, Natalia Borisovna was suggested to go to the Orthopedics and Sports Injury Clinic , one of the best in Ukraine.

After consultation, the diagnosis of heel spur » was confirmed – the bone growth was clearly visible on the x-ray. At the appointment, the specialists of the clinic explained to the woman that the methods she had hoped for were effective only at the very beginning of the disease. And since Natalya Borisovna’s heel spur has been preventing her from living a normal life for years, the operation was the only right decision. Moreover, it was by no means impossible to delay the intervention.

“The patient needed to have her spur removed as soon as possible. She was at high risk of tearing her Achilles tendon where it attaches to her calcaneus. If we had not carried out the treatment, the growths would have become more and more. Therefore, in order to prevent a complex and risky operation to restore the Achilles tendon, we decided not to waste time and remove the spur,” comments Ivan Zabelin, head of the Orthopedics and Sports Injury Clinic.

X-ray image before the operation . The patient is now feeling much better and is already planning treatment for a heel spur on her second leg. While she moves on crutches (as it should be after the operation), but in two weeks the woman will fully feel the effect of the treatment.

Spurs may look spectacular on shoes, but for our feet they are a dubious “decoration”. Natalya Borisovna recalls how much she had to go through because of a heel spur: dozens of sessions of painful procedures, droppers, vain courses of treatment that brought only short-term relief. The desired result – the opportunity to live like everyone else, work and not suffer from pain, operations in our clinic brought her.

Treatment Heel spur – Orthopedics Ruslana Sergienko

A heel spur is the result of plantar fasciitis, the main symptom of which is pain in the heel that occurs or worsens with exercise. In most cases, the pain syndrome is caused by inflammatory and degenerative changes in the plantar (plantar) fascia.

The plantar fascia is a rigid tendon plate, woven from a huge number of microfibers, which is attached to the calcaneus and metatarsal heads, creating a kind of protective cover for the plantar surface of the foot.

As can be seen from the figure, the plantar fascia is stretched like a bowstring between the bones, the so-called arch of the foot. Imagine that with every step this kind of bowstring is pulled, holding this arch, preventing the bones of the foot from “parting”.

The constant load of body weight, overload during hard work, changes in posture due to diseases of the back lead to the appearance of microdamages in the places of attachment of the plantar fascia to the bones. As can be seen from the figure, the place of attachment of the “string” to the metatarsal bones is divided into five points, while on the heel there is only one point of attachment. The load is 5 times more on the heel, so the disease starts from the heel.

There is a microdamage (tear or rupture) of one of the many thin fibers of the plantar fascia. The body reacts in a standard way – inflammation develops. Inflammation leads to the formation of edema, abnormal germination of microvessels and small nerve branches into the damaged fascia, and pain occurs. The pain is especially severe after a night’s sleep and rest, the so-called “starting pain”.

The fibers of the plantar fascia that have remained intact begin to work instead of the torn ones, experiencing an increased load, and are also damaged.

Inflammation and pain progress, forcing to reduce the load. Human activity is reduced, new fibers are not damaged. The inflammatory process subsides, scars form at the site of the damaged fibers, and then bone growths that are visible on the x-ray and have a characteristic “spur” appearance.

That is why this disease is called “heel spur”, although the “spur” itself is already the result of long-term plantar fasciitis.

Who is more likely to suffer from heel spurs?

Heel spurs mainly affect people over 40 years of age, and women are more predisposed to this disease. The likelihood of developing heel spurs is increased by excess weight, problems with the spine, arthritis, flat feet, diseases of the large joints of the legs, injuries of the calcaneus, gout, circulatory disorders in the legs. Also, the heel spur is found in athletes with prolonged loads in the heel area.

What are the symptoms of a heel spur?

The leading symptom of heel spurs (plantar fasciitis) is pain in the heel region that occurs or worsens with exercise. Pain is more pronounced in the morning. In most cases, the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is sufficient to analyze the patient’s complaints, physical examination and X-ray, which reveal the presence of a heel spur. The absence of radiological signs of a heel spur in combination with heel pain requires a differential diagnosis with systemic inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, etc. ), which can also debut with heel pain. In this case, the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis can be established using an ultrasound examination.

What is the treatment for heel spurs?

First, get rid of overloads.

This does not mean completely abandoning any movement. This means that a painless range of motion should be performed. For example, you have noticed that it is worth standing for 2 hours, the pain increases. Try to stand for 2 hours with breaks, for example 15 minutes. Or you walk 4 kilometers and experience pain. Try to walk 2 kilometers or the same 4 kilometers, but at a slow pace. Sports doctors have proven that continuing exercise in a “sparing mode” has a greater effect on the result of treatment than refusing to exercise at all.

Stretching and strengthening.

The stretching and strengthening program plays an important role in the treatment of the disease, as it can effectively relax cramped calf muscles or strengthen weak foot muscles. Why stretching or “stretching” is effective? It loosens the tension and reduces the risk of breaking the “bowstring”. A less taut plantar fascia is not damaged as much. Do these exercises at home.
The easiest way to stretch is using a support wall: Or steps: Another effective stretching method is to use footrests that can be used in the workplace, such as under a desk or in the kitchen, thus increasing the time for such “on-the-job” activities. . The use of “rocking chairs”, widely used to prevent salt deposits, is a type of “dynamic stretching” of the plantar fascia. For the same purpose, you can use a tennis ball or an iron can: Before getting out of bed, it is useful to perform a massage in the sole area to reduce pain:
or stretching with a towel: Strengthening the small muscles of the foot.
By performing 2 simple exercises, you can achieve a significant increase in strength in the small muscles of the foot, which will lead to unloading of the plantar fascia.

1. Towel pull up. The patient sits on a chair, the towel lies on the smooth floor in front of him. The patient puts his toes on the towel and, without taking his heel off the floor, bending his toes, pulls the towel towards him.
2. Raising fingers up. The patient sits on a chair, the foot is placed on the floor, the toes are raised up. First, the thumb is placed on the floor, and the rest remain raised. Then the thumb is raised and remains in this position, and the rest are lowered and placed on the floor.

About 35% of patients achieve regression of symptoms only with the help of stretching and muscle strengthening.

Shoes.

It is not uncommon for plantar fasciitis to develop after wearing uncomfortable, especially tight shoes or shoes with excessively hard soles. People who suffer from plantar fasciitis may find that wearing sneaker-type shoes with soft, springy soles and an insole that hugs the arch of the foot significantly reduces pain. This is not surprising. The springy outsole absorbs impact when walking, while the arch-fitting insole supports it and transfers the load directly to the bones, bypassing the plantar fascia.

It should also be noted that over time, the properties of the polymeric materials from which shoes are made change, so such shoes need to be changed in a timely manner.

Insoles.

As far as insoles are concerned, it can be said that only custom-made devices, made on the basis of modern footprint equipment, can help in the treatment of fasciitis. The insoles do not act on the fasciitis itself, but by correcting violations of the arch of the foot, for example, with flat feet. Incorrectly selected insoles can worsen the patient’s condition.

Night immobilizing dressings.

The purpose of immobilization bandages is to keep the ankle joint in a neutral position. It is noted that the vast majority of people sleep with outstretched socks. In this position, the places of attachment of the plantar fascia to the bones come together, which causes it to shorten over time. This is what causes morning pain in the foot. The person spent the whole night with outstretched socks, and in the morning he gets on his feet, sharply stretching the inflamed plantar fascia. The immobilizing bandage keeps the bones from coming together, and the plantar fascia does not contract overnight, which reduces morning pain.

An overnight immobilizing bandage can be made from plaster or polymeric bandages, or purchased ready-made from those sold at a pharmacy.
An example of a nightly immobilizing bandage: Of course, sleeping in a cast is not very comfortable, but studies have shown that this method is effective in 80% of patients. Night immobilizing dressings are especially effective in patients with a long period of the disease (about 12 months or more).

Anti-inflammatory treatment for heel spurs.

Anti-inflammatory treatment of heel spurs includes ice, NSAIDs, electrophoresis and hormonal injections.

Ice is used in the form of ice massages, ice baths or ice packs.
Ice massage: the patient takes an ice cube, places it over the area of ​​pain and performs circular movements with slight pressure for 5 to 10 minutes.

Ice bath: fill a shallow container with ice water, place only the heel in it and hold for 10 to 15 minutes. Do not lower other parts of the foot into the water to avoid hypothermia.

Ice pack: Place crushed ice in a plastic bag, wrap in a towel and apply to the heel for 15 to 20 minutes. Instead of crushed ice, you can use a bag of frozen food.

Ice is applied after exercise or after a working day.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eg diclofenac or nimesulide).

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been studied for plantar fasciitis with conflicting results. Therefore, they are recommended only in case of increased pain, given the side effects of these drugs, which include gastrointestinal bleeding, gastritis, damage to kidney tissue.

Electrophoresis.

Electrophoresis is a physiotherapy procedure that uses the properties of low voltage electrical impulses to deliver corticosteroid (hormonal) drugs deep into tissues. Studies of the effectiveness of this treatment method showed that within 2-3 weeks after the end of the procedure, the therapeutic effect decreases.

Corticosteroid injections.

Corticosteroid injections are effective in up to 70% of patients, but are known to rupture the plantar fascia in up to 10% of patients. It is known that the introduction of corticosteroids into any tissue leads to its death at the injection site. Therefore, this method of treatment should be used with extreme caution.

Shockwave Therapy is a highly effective non-surgical method of treating heel spurs, approved by the US Department of Health analogue as the main one for this particular disease, based on the action of acoustic shock waves. The method of shock wave therapy has been used for a long time to crush stones in the urinary tract. This is the so-called intracorporeal (conducted inside the body) shock wave therapy. Unlike devices for crushing kidney stones (lithotripters), in devices for extracorporeal (used on the surface of the body) shock wave therapy, the acoustic wave is much less powerful. Its action is based on the stimulation of regenerative processes in areas of chronic tendon inflammation and nonunion fractures.

Shock wave therapy does not break up heel spurs as is commonly believed. It sharply enhances regeneration at the site of damage to the plantar fascia, stops long-term inflammation, thereby, on the contrary, preventing the development of heel spurs. The shock wave in orthopedics does not destroy, but restores.

The effectiveness of shock wave therapy is comparable to surgical treatment, since more than 93% of patients report a pronounced and persistent clinical effect. However, unlike surgical treatment, shock wave therapy is a painless method of treatment that does not require anesthesia and the patient’s stay in the hospital.
Shock wave therapy is a safe method of treating heel spurs, it has a complex effect and eliminates the cause of the heel spur.
Effects of shock wave therapy:

• reduction of pain and inflammation
• improvement of blood circulation and nutrition of damaged tissues
• destruction of calcifications, bone “growths”
• accelerate the healing of damaged tissues
• increased mobility in the injured area of ​​the body
• increasing the resistance of tendons, ligaments and muscles to physical stress and injury

Advantages of shock wave therapy:

• high clinical efficacy – up to 93% of patients have a clinical effect
• rapid onset of clinical effect – reduction of pain, swelling, improvement of mobility
• stable clinical effect of the course lasts up to 1 year
• patient safety – no complications or side effects
• convenience of treatment for the patient – the session lasts 5-10 minutes, the frequency of the procedure is 1 time per week, 5-7 sessions are enough for a complete recovery
• reduction in the need for drugs or complete elimination of them
• is an optimal replacement for surgery and injections.