What are solar comedones. How do they differ from regular acne. What causes solar comedones to develop. Who is most at risk for developing this skin condition. What are the best treatment options for solar comedones.

Understanding Solar Comedones: A Unique Form of Sun-Induced Acne

Solar comedones, also known as senile comedones or Favre-Racouchot syndrome, are a distinct type of skin condition often mistaken for regular acne. Unlike typical acne vulgaris, solar comedones are primarily caused by prolonged sun exposure over many years. These small bumps appear symmetrically on sun-exposed areas of the face and body, particularly around the eyes and temples.

While the name “solar comedones” may suggest a connection to acne, these lesions are actually quite different in their underlying causes and appearance. Let’s explore the key characteristics of solar comedones and how they differ from common acne:

• Non-inflammatory nature
• Symmetrical distribution on sun-exposed skin
• Most common in middle-aged and older adults
• Associated with long-term sun damage rather than hormonal factors
• Often accompanied by other signs of photoaging

The Science Behind Solar Comedones: How Sun Exposure Affects Your Skin

What exactly causes solar comedones to develop? The primary culprit is cumulative damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Over time, prolonged sun exposure leads to several changes in the skin:

1. Breakdown of collagen and elastin fibers
2. Thickening of the skin’s outer layer (epidermis)
3. Enlargement and plugging of sebaceous glands
4. Accumulation of damaged elastin fibers (solar elastosis)

These changes result in the formation of open and closed comedones, as well as small cysts filled with keratin and sebum. The surrounding skin often appears yellow, thickened, and wrinkled due to the extensive sun damage.

Identifying Solar Comedones: Key Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria

How can you tell if you have solar comedones? The following symptoms are characteristic of this condition:

• Small, skin-colored or dark bumps (1-3 mm in diameter)
• Symmetrical distribution on sun-exposed areas
• Common locations: temples, around eyes, cheeks, earlobes, neck, forearms
• Presence of both open (blackheads) and closed comedones
• Accompanying signs of sun damage (wrinkles, yellowish skin tone)
• Absence of inflammation or redness typically seen in acne vulgaris

If you notice these symptoms, especially if you’re over 50 and have a history of significant sun exposure, it’s important to consult a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Risk Factors for Developing Solar Comedones: Are You at Higher Risk?

While anyone can potentially develop solar comedones with enough sun exposure, certain factors increase your risk:

• Age: Most common in adults over 50
• Gender: More frequently observed in men
• Skin type: Fair-skinned individuals are at higher risk
• Occupation: Outdoor workers have increased exposure
• Lifestyle: Frequent tanning or living in sunny climates
• Smoking: May exacerbate skin damage from UV radiation

Understanding your risk factors can help you take appropriate preventive measures to protect your skin from sun damage and the development of solar comedones.

Prevention Strategies: Protecting Your Skin from Solar Comedones

The best approach to managing solar comedones is prevention. Here are some effective strategies to minimize your risk:

1. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily
2. Wear protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses
3. Seek shade during peak sun hours (10 am to 4 pm)
4. Avoid tanning beds and excessive sun exposure
5. Incorporate antioxidants into your skincare routine (e.g., vitamin C serums)
6. Stay hydrated and maintain a healthy diet rich in skin-protective nutrients

By adopting these habits, you can significantly reduce your chances of developing solar comedones and other signs of premature skin aging.

Treatment Options for Solar Comedones: From Topical Therapies to Professional Procedures

If you’ve already developed solar comedones, several treatment options are available to improve their appearance and prevent further progression:

Topical Treatments:

• Retinoids (e.g., tretinoin, adapalene)
• Alpha-hydroxy acids (e.g., glycolic acid)
• Benzoyl peroxide
• Azelaic acid

Professional Procedures:

• Chemical peels
• Microdermabrasion
• Laser resurfacing
• Photodynamic therapy
• Extraction of comedones by a dermatologist

The most effective treatment plan will depend on the severity of your condition and your individual skin type. Consult with a dermatologist to determine the best approach for your specific case.

Lifestyle Changes to Support Skin Health and Manage Solar Comedones

In addition to medical treatments, certain lifestyle modifications can help improve the overall health of your skin and manage solar comedones:

• Quit smoking to reduce oxidative stress on your skin
• Maintain a consistent skincare routine with gentle cleansing and moisturizing
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Eat a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids
• Get adequate sleep to support skin cell regeneration
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or exercise

By incorporating these habits into your daily life, you can support your skin’s natural healing processes and complement medical treatments for solar comedones.

Long-Term Outlook: Managing Solar Comedones and Preventing Recurrence

What can you expect in terms of long-term management of solar comedones? While existing lesions can be improved with treatment, it’s important to understand that solar comedones are a result of cumulative sun damage over many years. This means:

• Complete reversal of all damage may not be possible
• Consistent sun protection is crucial to prevent new lesions
• Regular dermatologist check-ups are recommended for monitoring
• Maintenance treatments may be necessary to sustain improvements
• Adopting a comprehensive anti-aging skincare routine can help

With proper care and ongoing prevention strategies, you can effectively manage solar comedones and maintain healthier, more youthful-looking skin as you age.

Differentiating Solar Comedones from Other Skin Conditions

How can you distinguish solar comedones from other similar-looking skin conditions? Here are some key differences to be aware of:

Solar Comedones vs. Acne Vulgaris:

• Solar comedones are non-inflammatory and symmetrically distributed
• Acne vulgaris often includes inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules) and affects a wider age range

Solar Comedones vs. Milia:

• Solar comedones are larger and associated with sun damage
• Milia are smaller, pearl-like cysts often found around the eyes and cheeks

Solar Comedones vs. Sebaceous Hyperplasia:

• Solar comedones appear as small bumps or pits in the skin
• Sebaceous hyperplasia presents as small, soft, yellowish papules

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment, so consult a dermatologist if you’re unsure about the nature of your skin condition.

The Psychological Impact of Solar Comedones: Addressing Skin-Related Concerns

While solar comedones are generally harmless from a medical standpoint, they can have a significant impact on an individual’s self-esteem and quality of life. Some common psychological effects include:

• Feelings of self-consciousness about appearance
• Anxiety about premature aging
• Reduced confidence in social situations
• Frustration with persistent skin issues

If you’re struggling with the emotional impact of solar comedones, consider the following strategies:

1. Seek support from friends, family, or a therapist
2. Focus on overall skin health rather than perfection
3. Educate yourself about the condition to feel more in control
4. Explore makeup techniques to camouflage lesions if desired
5. Celebrate other aspects of your appearance and personality

Remember that skin concerns are common, and seeking professional help for both the physical and emotional aspects of solar comedones is a proactive step towards better overall well-being.

Emerging Research and Future Treatments for Solar Comedones

As our understanding of skin aging and sun damage continues to evolve, new treatments for solar comedones are on the horizon. Some promising areas of research include:

• Advanced topical formulations with enhanced penetration
• Novel laser and light-based therapies
• Stem cell treatments for skin regeneration
• Targeted antioxidant therapies
• Combination approaches for comprehensive skin rejuvenation

While these potential treatments are still in development, they offer hope for more effective management of solar comedones in the future. Stay informed about new developments by maintaining regular contact with your dermatologist and following reputable skincare news sources.

The Role of Professional Skin Care in Managing Solar Comedones

While at-home care is crucial, professional skin treatments can play a significant role in managing solar comedones. Consider incorporating the following into your skincare regimen:

Regular Facials:

• Deep cleansing to remove debris from pores
• Gentle extractions of comedones
• Application of professional-grade products

Chemical Peels:

• Exfoliation of damaged skin cells
• Stimulation of collagen production
• Improvement in overall skin texture

Microdermabrasion:

• Physical removal of dead skin cells
• Enhancement of product absorption
• Promotion of skin cell turnover

Consult with a licensed esthetician or dermatologist to determine which professional treatments are most suitable for your skin type and the severity of your solar comedones.

Navigating Skincare Products: What to Look for and What to Avoid

Choosing the right skincare products is essential for managing solar comedones effectively. Here’s a guide to help you navigate the often overwhelming world of skincare:

Beneficial Ingredients:

• Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives)
• Alpha-hydroxy acids (glycolic acid, lactic acid)
• Antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, niacinamide)
• Hyaluronic acid for hydration
• Peptides for collagen stimulation

Ingredients to Avoid:

• Comedogenic oils (coconut oil, mineral oil)
• Harsh scrubs or exfoliants
• Alcohol-based products that can dry out the skin
• Fragrances and artificial dyes

Remember to introduce new products gradually and perform patch tests to ensure your skin tolerates them well. A dermatologist can provide personalized product recommendations based on your specific skin needs and concerns.

The Connection Between Diet and Skin Health: Nutrition Tips for Managing Solar Comedones

While diet alone cannot prevent or cure solar comedones, certain nutritional choices can support overall skin health and potentially mitigate some effects of sun damage. Consider incorporating the following into your diet:

• Omega-3 fatty acids (found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts) for their anti-inflammatory properties
• Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables (berries, leafy greens, sweet potatoes) to combat free radical damage
• Vitamin C-rich foods (citrus fruits, bell peppers) to support collagen production
• Vitamin E sources (nuts, seeds, avocados) for skin protection
• Zinc-rich foods (lean meats, legumes) to support skin healing

Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water can help maintain skin elasticity and overall health. While a balanced diet is beneficial, it’s important to remember that nutrition should complement, not replace, proper sun protection and skincare practices.

Does Getting More Sun Exposure Help With Acne?

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Chances are you’ve waged war against acne at different times of your life. Although popular wisdom says that acne is only a problem for teenagers, that’s just not the case. Adults also get pimples and sometimes struggle with constant breakouts. While most acne sufferers have tried myriad remedies, using the sun to combat breakouts is not the best way to treat your breakouts. Read on to learn why sun exposure to treat acne is only a temporary solution and how adopting a better skin care routine can help reduce breakouts.

Can the Sun Help with my Acne?

Many people believe sun exposure dries out acne-causing oil, thereby curing breakouts. Additionally, getting a tan can temporarily camouflage the blemishes on your face. While that strategy will work in the short run, exposing your skin to too much sun will eventually backfire, causing more breakouts in the future. Here’s why:

• Flaky skin from a sunburn builds up more dead skin cells that clog pores and cause more breakouts.
• Sun exposure causes unwanted skin inflammation.
• The sun can cause dark spots and scarring to appear after pimples heal.
• Sun exposure puts you at a higher risk of skin cancer and premature skin aging.
• If you’re taking certain medications for acne, your skin can be more sensitive to UV light, making it burn faster.
• Sunbathing leads to sweating, giving bacteria a place to thrive and causing more breakouts.

So, while a little sun exposure can temporarily reduce acne, you should adopt more effective methods to keep your breakouts in check.

Effective Skin Care Routines to Reduce Acne

Acne is usually caused by hormone imbalances. When your hormones are out of balance due to causes such as puberty or pregnancy, your skin’s sebaceous glands overproduce sebum (oil). Excess sebum clogs your pores, giving bacteria a place to thrive causing pimples, and setting off a vicious cycle of breakouts. To learn the root cause of your acne, try the following tips to keep your breakouts under control.

• Wash Your Face: Wash your face at least twice a day with a mild, oil-free foaming cleanser formulated for oily skin. Don’t harshly rub your skin. Pat dry gently with a clean towel. If possible, wash your face immediately after a workout or other athletic activities. Make sure you wash away makeup before bed. Sleeping with makeup clogs pores and makes acne worse.
• Use a Toner: Lightly apply a toner or astringent to your face to remove remaining oil. Don’t overdo it – too much astringent can irritate your skin and cause it to produce even more oil.
• Moisturize: Even acne-prone skin needs a dab of moisturizer to stay in balance. Use only a gentle, oil-free moisturizer and apply sparingly.
• Apply Sunscreen: Your moisturizer might contain sunscreen, but before going outside apply a sunscreen designed for faces that contains at least SPF 30. Reapply every two hours if you’re planning to spend the day outdoors.
• Spot Treat: Experiment with different over-the-counter acne fighting products. The most popular treatments contain benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid. Use as directed. Be patient with these products since they can take up to eight weeks to deliver results. If you don’t see any results, see a dermatologist.

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Symptoms, Causes, Risks, and Treatment

Comedones are a common type of acne. This term refers to clogged pores, which look like small bumps in the skin.

If the comedones are due to prolonged sun exposure, they’re called solar comedones. But despite the name, these are different from acne.

Solar comedones are noninflammatory and appear symmetrically on your face. They’re typically found along your temple and around your eyes. Sometimes, they can show up on the side of your neck, earlobes, and forearms.

Solar comedones are also known as:

• senile comedones
• sun acne
• nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones
• Favre-Racouchot syndrome

The condition is most common in middle-age and older adults. Approximately 6 percent of adults ages 50 and over have solar comedones.

If you’re curious about solar comedones and what causes them, read on.

Share on PinterestSolar comedones are small skin-colored or dark bumps that appear in areas exposed to sunlight for long periods of time. Dermnet New Zealand.

Though the specific cause of solar comedones is unknown, researchers have determined possible factors.

These include:

Chronic sun exposure

Solar comedones are commonly associated with long-term sun exposure. That’s why they’re often seen in exposed areas of the body, like the sides of your temple.

Chronic sun exposure can happen after many years spent working an outdoor job, like farming. It can also be related to years of frequent sunbathing.

It’s unclear how exactly sunlight causes solar comedones. However, it’s likely due to damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a form of energy produced by sunlight.

UV radiation can damage DNA in your skin cells and cause premature skin aging.

The radiation can also damage the elastic tissue in your skin, leading to solar elastosis. This causes thickened, yellowish, and severe wrinkling. It’s often seen with solar comedones.

It’s hypothesized that solar comedones due to sun exposure affect men more frequently than women.

Heavy smoking

Smoking cigarettes for many years can also contribute to solar comedones.

In fact, it can act synergistically with sun exposure. This means the effects of both factors can interact and increase your risk of solar comedones.

There are some theories on how smoking increases your risk.

Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals, some of which may damage your skin. The heat from a lit cigarette might also produce radiation.

However, more research is necessary to understand how smoking specifically contributes to solar comedones.

Radiation therapy

A less common cause is radiation therapy. It uses radiation to treat cancer, but it can also damage the skin. In rare cases, this could lead to comedones and other lesions.

Solar comedones related to radiation therapy can develop during or after the treatment. They can show up between 2 weeks and 6 months after therapy is completed.

The comedones can also show up anywhere on the body, but they typically appear on face, neck, and scalp.

If you have solar comedones, you’ll have different types of bumps.

Closed (whiteheads)

Closed comedones, or whiteheads, are plugged pores that have closed over. They look like small white or skin-colored bumps, depending on your skin tone.

Typically, solar comedones start as whiteheads. They eventually turn into open comedones over time.

Open (blackheads)

Open comedones, or blackheads, are clogged pores that aren’t sealed. The top of the pore is open, revealing a black spot.

The black spot isn’t dirt, though. It’s oil that has been exposed to air.

Solar comedones are not cancerous. For most people, they’re more of a cosmetic concern.

However, the main causes of solar comedones have other risks. Chronic sun exposure and cigarette smoking increase the risk of:

• skin cancer
• premature skin aging
• poor immune system function

Smoking cigarettes also increases the risk of:

• heart disease and stroke
• lung diseases
• cancer almost anywhere in the body
• infertility
• poor bone health

So, while solar comedones aren’t directly harmful, their causes are associated with other health issues.

Treatment for solar comedones typically includes a combination of:

• medication
• surgical techniques
• lifestyle changes

Solar comedones extraction

Comedones can be manually removed. Your health provider uses a device called a comedo extractor to squeeze the bumps and unblock your pores.

Although this treatment is effective, the comedones will likely return.

Other surgical techniques

A doctor might use the following treatments instead of extractions:

• dermabrasion
• curettage
• laser resurfacing
• comedone excision

The best option depends on the severity of your comedones.

Topical retinoids

Topical retinoids are medications designed to unclog pores. They exfoliate your skin and promote collagen formation, which can help reduce comedones.

A dermatologist may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription retinoids.

Topical retinoids can dry out the skin, so it’s important to avoid using too much too soon. It’s recommended to apply a light moisturizer after using a retinoid.

Decreasing the frequency of retinoid application may make it more tolerable for your skin.

Lifestyle changes

You’ll also be asked to make several lifestyle changes to slow down the formation of solar comedones.

This includes:

• avoiding the sun between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. or wearing a hat if you do need to go outdoors
• applying broad-spectrum sunscreen (at least SPF 30)
• quitting smoking, if you smoke (this is often difficult, but a doctor can help craft a plan that works for you)

Solar comedones are often related to prolonged sun exposure or cigarette smoking. In some people, they’re caused by radiation therapy.

These comedones include whiteheads and blackheads, but they’re not inflamed — unlike the comedones seen in regular acne.

The comedones can be treated with topical retinoids and extraction. However, it’s still important to cut back on sun exposure and cigarette smoking to prevent more comedones from forming.

Sun allergy: what it looks like and how to treat it

Likbez

Health

June 12

Check if you thought it was a sunburn.

You can listen to a short version of this article.

What is sun allergy?

Sun allergy is a group of diseases in which painful and itchy red spots appear on exposed parts of the body due to ultraviolet radiation. So most often called a polymorphic light rash, because it is very common: it occurs in 10-20% of Caucasians, more often in women.

In addition to it, sun allergy includes:

• Solar urticaria. This is a rare severe disease in which a general allergic reaction occurs, up to anaphylactic shock, and the skin becomes covered with red, itchy blisters.
• Chronic actinic dermatitis. This is a condition in which, after the sun, dense dry folded areas appear on the body.
• Actinic prurigo, or prurigo. This is another rare skin disease. On parts of the body that are often exposed to ultraviolet radiation, swelling occurs, and after it – an itchy rash.
• Phototoxic and photoallergic dermatitis. So called rash after taking substances that increase sensitivity to the sun, or contact with them.

In some conditions, the symptoms are visible almost immediately, and in others – after a few hours.

What are the symptoms of sun allergy

Symptoms vary depending on the disease. But even within one disease, the clinical picture is not the same. For example, a polymorphic rash is so called because in some people the elements have a different shape: someone will have spots, someone will have itchy raised nodules.

This is how manifestations of allergy to the sun most often look. Photo: Valsib / Shutterstock

However, all states have common features. Eruptions appear after exposure to the sun on the face, neck, shoulders, forearms and other open areas and are accompanied by:

• itching;
• pain;
• redness;
• swelling;
• burning sensation;
• discharge of a clear or yellowish liquid from the burn.

Why sun allergy occurs

Just as photosynthesis occurs in plants in the light, various substances in the skin can change under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Sometimes the resulting compounds cause allergies in people.

Someone’s body reacts to its own changed proteins: the immune system does not recognize them and attacks them as strangers. And for someone, the reaction occurs only after taking medications, applying cosmetics, or getting plant juice on the skin. This is due to the fact that some chemicals have a side effect – photosensitivity, that is, they increase a person’s sensitivity to the sun.

There are two types:

• Photoallergy. Signs appear only in susceptible people upon repeated exposure to changed substances, when the immune system has already managed to develop protective antibodies.
• Phototoxicity. This is when ultraviolet makes substances poisonous, and the reaction of each individual person depends on the amount of these compounds and the characteristics of the skin, and not the sensitivity of the immune system.

Own predisposition

Scientists do not know exactly where it comes from, but they suggest that sensitivity to ultraviolet increases in those who have:

• relatives with an allergy to the sun;
• fair skin;
• skin diseases.

Medications

Medications can cause both phototoxicity and photoallergy. Most often, the reaction occurs when taking:

• antibiotics – tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – ibuprofen, ketoprofen, celecoxib;
• diuretics – furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide;
• retinoids;
• sulfonylurea drugs for diabetes;
• neuroleptics;
• antifungals – griseofulvin, itroconazole;
• quinidine.

Contact with cosmetics and household chemicals

Some substances that come into contact with the skin are phototoxic. Paradoxically, even sunscreens can contain phototoxic ingredients. For example, para-aminobenzoic acid, benzophenes, salicylates and cinnamates. Usually there are such substances:

• in perfume;
• creams;
• essential oils such as bergamot;
• fragrances;
• disinfectants.

Contact with plants

Reaction to plant sap and ultraviolet light is called phytophotodermatitis. This is a phototoxic reaction common to all humans.

The most striking example is Sosnowski’s dill-like hogweed. In cold areas, before the appearance of a strong sun, they take a selfie with him, and in the south they are afraid like fire. Its danger is not in its own toxicity, but in the fact that the juice contains furocoumarins – substances that cause terrible burns in the sun.

There are also furocoumarins in the juice of lime, celery, amma, fig and psoralea. Therefore, it is better that their juice does not get on the skin of a person who is going to sunbathe.

When to see a doctor

Call an ambulance immediately if you have bleeding under the skin or symptoms of anaphylactic shock: loss of consciousness, sticky and pale skin, difficulty breathing.

See a dermatologist if you experience unusual symptoms after exposure to the sun for the first time. The doctor will ask about your condition, possibly conduct additional tests:

• phototesting – a small area of ​​the skin is shined with an ultraviolet lamp and the reaction is observed;
• blood tests;
• biopsy – a doctor cuts out a piece of skin and sends it for examination under a microscope.

This is to distinguish sun allergy from other skin conditions that also increase photosensitivity. For example, from lupus erythematosus or porphyria.

Also be sure to see a dermatologist if you have already consulted a dermatologist about an allergy to the sun, but rashes appeared on areas covered by clothing or rash and itching did not go away after self-treatment.

What you can do yourself if you are allergic to the sun

Often the symptoms go away on their own when you get out of the sun. If this does not happen, you can try to cure a slight exacerbation of photosensitivity at home.

• Apply a cold compress or take a cool shower.
• Use an anti-itch cream based on steroids or antihistamines.
• If needed, take an over-the-counter antihistamine with chloropyramine, clemastine, or cetirizine.

What the doctor will do

He will teach you how to avoid the sun better and prescribe treatment. Depending on the reaction, these can be antipruritics, antihistamines and steroids, and in severe cases, immunosuppressants, substances that suppress the immune system.

How to prevent future exacerbations

Take precautions:

• Avoid sun exposure between 10 am and 4 pm because this is the peak time with the highest UV activity.
• Use sunscreen with SPF 30 or 50. Remember to reapply every 2 hours and after swimming.
• Wear glasses and protective clothing. Some thin or mesh fabrics let UV light through. Therefore, choose those that are labeled SPF 50 or made from dense fabrics.
• After a long break, try to gradually increase the time in the sun so that the skin cells have time to adapt to the light. Many people develop symptoms when they are exposed to a lot of ultraviolet light.
• Do not wear perfume or essential oils before going to the beach.
• Avoid known triggers. If you know that a certain substance increases your sensitivity to the sun, try to use it less in spring and summer.

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causes and treatment, allergy to sunlight › Forpost Clinic

The sun’s rays not only warm us with their warmth in spring and summer and delight us in winter, but also help to strengthen the immune system. But, unfortunately, in some people, exposure to the open sun can cause an allergic reaction or an allergy to the sun.

Allergy to the sun, photodermatitis (photodermatosis) are diseases caused by increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight. This is not at all a rare occurrence. Statistics show that about 20% of people around the world experience this disease.

Sun allergy is actually photodermatitis or photodermatosis. Because, as such, there is no allergic component in the sun’s rays. The toxic or allergic effect of the sun is manifested by the interaction of solar (ultraviolet) rays with any substance that is on the skin (exogenous photodermatitis) or in the skin (endogenous photodermatitis).

Sun allergy in the form of exogenous photodermatitis

The most striking example of exogenous photodermatitis is the so-called meadow dermatitis. In the summer, during the flowering period, many meadow plants secrete special substances – furocoumarins, which are deposited on the skin when a person is in these places. With simultaneous exposure to ultraviolet radiation, some people who are sensitive to it may experience reddening of the skin and vesicles (vesicles and pustules). The rash is accompanied by intense itching. In the future, long-term pigmentation remains on the affected areas of the skin.

Sun allergy or photodermatitis can also occur if a sun-sensitive person puts on a cream or ointment, or uses perfume and deodorant before going out into the sun. Substances that make up various cosmetics or perfumes can react with ultraviolet rays and cause an allergic reaction. Such properties are, for example, eosin, which can be found in lipstick, and para-aminobenzoic acid (surfactant), which is part of some sunscreens. In addition, polyunsaturated fatty acids, retinoids, bergamot oil, St.

Fair-skinned people and young children, whose skin defense mechanisms are much weaker, are more likely to be allergic to the sun.

Photodermatitis is often caused by many drugs. This effect is possessed, in particular, by sulfonamides, barbiturates, chlorpromazine, some antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline), antihistamines, some cardiovascular agents (amiodarone, trazikor), cytostatics, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin), oral contraceptives.

In addition, an increased reaction of the skin to the sun’s rays appears when the skin is “weakened” by some additional effect – peeling, tattooing using cadmium salts.

Allergy to the sun in the form of endogenous photodermatitis

This group of photodermatitis includes fairly rare diseases, in the development of which disturbances in the functioning of the body’s immune system, as well as various metabolic disorders (metabolism disorders) play an important role. Endogenous photodermatitis includes, in particular, porphyria, xeroderma pigmentosa, sun eczema, sun pruritus, Hydroa vacciniformia, polymorphic photodermatosis.

Typically, these reactions can proceed through two mechanisms: 1) phototoxic reaction and 2) photoallergic reaction. Phototoxic reactions are much more common than photoallergic ones.

How does sun allergy or photodermatitis usually manifest itself?

Main symptoms of photodermatosis:

• redness and inflammation of the skin,
• skin peeling,
• often accompanied by intense itching and burning,
• rashes may be in the form of folliculitis (pustules) or papules.

Often this condition does not develop immediately. Unlike a burn, it can occur several hours after you leave the beach, and in some cases even after returning from the resort. A phototoxic reaction can occur several hours after sun exposure, while a photoallergic reaction can occur even days after sun exposure.

Increased risk of sun allergy:

• in people with naturally fair skin;
• in pregnant women;
• in young children;
• a number of drugs can make the skin burn faster – including tetracycline antibiotics, sulfanilamide drugs, painkillers, etc.;
• who has relatives with sun allergies. You are more likely to be allergic to the sun if you have a sibling or parent with a sun allergy;
• also having atopic dermatitis or another type of dermatitis increases the risk of developing a sun allergy;
• Some skin allergy symptoms are triggered when your skin is exposed to a certain substance and then sunlight. Some common substances responsible for this type of reaction include fragrances, disinfectants, bleach, and even some of the chemicals used in sunscreens;
• those who abuse solariums;
• In addition, an allergic reaction from exposure to the sun can also develop in those who performed cosmetic procedures using cadmium salts the day before (tattooing, chemical peeling).

Photosensitizer – cause of sun allergy

Some vegetables and plants can cause sun sensitivity when they come into contact with the skin. Mango peel, lime juice, parsnips, celery can cause temporary discolouration (darkening) of the area of ​​skin exposed to the sun. The main phototoxic fruits and vegetables are celery, carrots, rice, parsley, parsnips, and all kinds of citrus fruits. Therefore, before going to the beach, you should not eat oranges, tangerines or grapefruits. Swelling, redness and itching may occur on the surface of the skin, where there are drops of juice from these fruits. And the more active the sun, the more acute will be the reaction of the body.

Prevention of sun allergy (photodermatitis and photodermatosis)

Unfortunately, there are not many methods for preventing such allergies.

If you have very sensitive skin, make it a habit to sunbathe under an awning or umbrella. Avoid exposure to the sun during its peak hours (from 11:00 to 16:00). Protect yourself with a headdress and loose clothing made from natural fabrics: linen, cotton. Children have a very weak protective skin reaction, so babies under three years of age are generally not recommended to be in direct sunlight.

Use high-protection sunscreens from well-known brands at regular intervals of at least every two hours. Please note that the cream contains protection against UVB rays and UVA rays – they are the ones that affect the occurrence of photodermatosis.

It should be noted that the wavelength plays an important role. Try not to go to resorts where the sun is especially strong.

Tips for preventing photoallergies at the beach:

1. Do not use cologne, perfume or regular moisturizers before going to the beach. They contain alcohol, which in the sun can cause a burn.
2. Sunscreen in your case should be used as often as possible. Just pay attention to its composition. A fat-based product can provoke an allergy. It is better to choose a hypoallergenic spray with a protective SPF factor.
3. It is best not to use waterproof sunscreen as it clogs pores and can cause pustules on the skin. For a trip to the beach, you should opt for a water-soluble product.

If ​​there is no way to see a doctor, how to relieve acute manifestations of allergy to the sun?

With any cold lotions: ice, chilled dairy products, tea leaves. Of course, you should use special after-sun creams. They contain panthenol, which soothes and regenerates the skin. It happens that the rash is localized, for example, on the chest or arms.