What are the symptoms and causes of cirrhosis. How is cirrhosis treated. Can lifestyle changes help manage cirrhosis. What medications are used for cirrhosis. How are complications of cirrhosis managed. When is a liver transplant necessary for cirrhosis.

Understanding Cirrhosis: A Comprehensive Overview

Cirrhosis is a severe liver condition characterized by extensive scarring of liver tissue. This scarring, known as fibrosis, occurs as a result of long-term damage to the liver. As the disease progresses, it can significantly impair liver function, leading to various complications and health issues.

While cirrhosis is generally considered irreversible, early intervention and proper management can slow its progression and improve quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for those affected by this condition.

Can a cirrhotic liver heal?

The ability of a cirrhotic liver to heal is limited. In most cases, cirrhosis cannot be fully cured. However, with appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes, it’s possible to:

• Slow down the progression of the disease
• Manage symptoms effectively
• Prevent further liver damage
• Improve overall liver function

Early-stage cirrhosis may show some improvement if the underlying cause is addressed promptly. For instance, abstaining from alcohol in alcohol-induced cirrhosis can help stabilize the condition and prevent further deterioration.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis often develops silently, with symptoms appearing only when liver damage is extensive. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention. Common signs of cirrhosis include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Loss of appetite
• Unexplained weight loss
• Nausea
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
• Itchy skin
• Swelling in legs, ankles, or abdomen (ascites)
• Spider-like blood vessels on the skin

Is cirrhosis always accompanied by noticeable symptoms? Not necessarily. In its early stages, cirrhosis may not present any obvious signs. Regular check-ups and liver function tests are essential for individuals at risk of liver disease to detect cirrhosis before it advances to a more severe stage.

Identifying the Causes of Cirrhosis

Understanding the underlying causes of cirrhosis is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. The most common causes include:

1. Chronic alcohol abuse
2. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
3. Chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C)
4. Autoimmune hepatitis
5. Inherited liver diseases (e.g., hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease)
6. Prolonged exposure to toxins or medications

Can cirrhosis be prevented? In many cases, yes. Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, protecting against hepatitis infections, and managing underlying health conditions can significantly reduce the risk of developing cirrhosis.

Lifestyle Changes: A Cornerstone of Cirrhosis Management

While cirrhosis cannot usually be cured, lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in managing the condition and preventing further liver damage. Key lifestyle changes for individuals with cirrhosis include:

Alcohol Abstinence

For those with alcohol-related cirrhosis, complete abstinence from alcohol is essential. Even for cirrhosis not caused by alcohol, avoiding alcoholic beverages is crucial to prevent additional liver stress.

Smoking Cessation

Quitting smoking can help improve overall health and reduce the risk of complications associated with cirrhosis.

Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is important, especially for those with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gradual, supervised weight loss can help reduce liver fat and improve liver function.

Regular Exercise

Engaging in regular physical activity can help prevent muscle loss, improve overall health, and aid in weight management. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine an appropriate exercise regimen.

Good Hygiene Practices

Practicing good hygiene is crucial to reduce the risk of infections, which can be particularly dangerous for individuals with cirrhosis.

Vaccination

Stay up-to-date with recommended vaccinations, including the annual flu vaccine and any necessary travel vaccinations. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine which vaccines are appropriate.

Medication Management

Always consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist before taking any over-the-counter or prescription medications, as cirrhosis can affect how the body processes certain drugs.

How effective are lifestyle changes in managing cirrhosis? When implemented consistently, lifestyle modifications can significantly slow the progression of cirrhosis, reduce the risk of complications, and improve overall quality of life. However, they should be combined with medical treatment for optimal results.

Dietary Considerations for Cirrhosis Patients

Proper nutrition plays a vital role in managing cirrhosis and preventing complications. A well-balanced diet can help address malnutrition, which is common in people with cirrhosis, and support liver function. Key dietary considerations include:

Salt Reduction

Limiting salt intake can help reduce fluid retention and swelling in the legs, feet, and abdomen. Aim for a low-sodium diet as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Balanced Nutrient Intake

Ensure adequate intake of proteins, carbohydrates, and healthy fats to support overall health and liver function. Consult with a dietitian to develop a personalized meal plan.

Frequent, Small Meals

Eating smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day can help maintain stable blood sugar levels and prevent muscle loss.

Healthy Snacking

Incorporate nutritious snacks between meals to provide additional calories and nutrients.

What role does protein play in the diet of cirrhosis patients? Protein is crucial for maintaining muscle mass and supporting liver function. However, the amount and type of protein may need to be carefully managed, especially in advanced cirrhosis. A healthcare provider or dietitian can provide guidance on appropriate protein intake.

Medical Treatments for Cirrhosis

While there is no cure for cirrhosis, various medical treatments can help manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and prevent complications. The specific treatment approach depends on the underlying cause of cirrhosis and the severity of liver damage. Common medical interventions include:

Antiviral Medications

For cirrhosis caused by viral hepatitis, antiviral medications may be prescribed to control the infection and prevent further liver damage.

Diuretics

These medications, combined with a low-salt diet, help reduce fluid retention and manage swelling (edema) in the body.

Beta-Blockers

Medications like propranolol may be prescribed to lower blood pressure in the portal vein, reducing the risk of variceal bleeding.

Lactulose and Rifaximin

These medications are used to manage hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of cirrhosis that affects brain function.

Immunosuppressants

For autoimmune hepatitis-related cirrhosis, immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed to control inflammation and prevent further liver damage.

How effective are medical treatments in managing cirrhosis? While medical treatments cannot reverse cirrhosis, they can be highly effective in managing symptoms, preventing complications, and slowing disease progression. The effectiveness of treatment depends on various factors, including the underlying cause of cirrhosis, the stage of liver disease, and the patient’s overall health.

Managing Complications of Advanced Cirrhosis

As cirrhosis progresses, various complications can arise that require specific management strategies. Some common complications and their treatments include:

Esophageal and Gastric Varices

These are swollen veins in the esophagus or stomach that can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Management may include:

• Beta-blockers to reduce blood pressure in the portal vein
• Endoscopic procedures to band or seal the varices
• Emergency treatment for acute bleeding episodes

Ascites

This is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Treatment options include:

• Diuretics and low-salt diet to reduce fluid retention
• Paracentesis (draining fluid from the abdomen) in severe cases
• Antibiotics if the fluid becomes infected (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis)

Hepatic Encephalopathy

This condition affects brain function due to the build-up of toxins. Management strategies include:

• Lactulose syrup to help remove toxins from the body
• Rifaximin, an antibiotic to prevent bacterial overgrowth in the intestines
• Dietary protein management

Coagulation Disorders

Cirrhosis can impair the liver’s ability to produce clotting factors, increasing the risk of bleeding. Management may involve:

• Vitamin K supplementation
• Fresh frozen plasma transfusions when necessary
• Careful planning before surgical or dental procedures

How are complications of cirrhosis identified and monitored? Regular check-ups, blood tests, imaging studies, and endoscopic examinations are typically used to monitor for and detect complications of cirrhosis. Early identification and prompt treatment of these complications are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for cirrhosis patients.

Liver Transplantation: A Last Resort for Advanced Cirrhosis

In cases of severe, end-stage cirrhosis where other treatments are no longer effective, liver transplantation may be considered. This major surgical procedure involves removing the diseased liver and replacing it with a healthy liver from a donor.

Indications for Liver Transplantation

Liver transplantation may be recommended when:

• Liver function is severely impaired
• Complications of cirrhosis become unmanageable
• Quality of life is significantly affected
• The risk of liver failure or liver-related death is high

The Transplantation Process

The liver transplantation process involves several steps:

1. Evaluation for transplant candidacy
2. Placement on the transplant waiting list
3. Waiting for a suitable donor liver
4. The transplant surgery
5. Post-transplant care and lifelong immunosuppression

Outcomes and Considerations

Liver transplantation can be life-saving for many patients with end-stage cirrhosis. However, it’s a complex procedure with potential risks and requires lifelong management. Factors to consider include:

• Availability of donor organs
• Compatibility and matching criteria
• Overall health status of the recipient
• Potential complications of surgery and immunosuppression
• Long-term commitment to post-transplant care

What is the success rate of liver transplantation for cirrhosis? Liver transplantation has shown significant success in improving survival rates and quality of life for patients with end-stage cirrhosis. According to recent data, the one-year survival rate after liver transplantation is approximately 85-90%, with many patients experiencing substantial improvements in their overall health and well-being. However, success rates can vary based on individual factors and the specific circumstances of each case.

In conclusion, while cirrhosis presents significant challenges, a combination of lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, medical treatments, and careful management of complications can help many patients maintain a good quality of life. For those with advanced disease, liver transplantation offers hope when other options have been exhausted. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and ongoing medical care are crucial for optimizing outcomes in cirrhosis management.

Treatment for cirrhosis – NHS

The treatment for cirrhosis depends on what has caused it. Cirrhosis cannot usually be cured, but there are ways to manage the symptoms and any complications, and stop the condition getting worse.

Lifestyle changes

If you have cirrhosis, there are several lifestyle changes you can make to reduce your chances of further problems and complications. These include:

• avoid alcohol 
• quit smoking
• lose weight if you’re overweight or obese
• do regular exercise to reduce muscle loss
• practise good hygiene to reduce your chance of getting infections
• speak to a GP about vaccinations you may need, such as the annual flu vaccine or travel vaccines
• speak to a GP or pharmacist if you’re taking over-the-counter or prescription medicines, because cirrhosis can affect the way some medicines work

Dietary changes

Malnutrition is common in people with cirrhosis, so it’s important you eat a healthy, balanced diet to help you get all the nutrients you need.

Cutting down on salt can help reduce the chance of swelling in your legs, feet and tummy caused by a build-up of fluid.

The damage to your liver can mean it’s unable to store glycogen, which is a type of fuel the body needs for energy.

When this happens, your muscle tissue is used for energy between meals, which leads to muscle loss and weakness. This means you may need extra calories and protein in your diet.

Eating healthy snacks between meals, or having 3 or 4 small meals each day, rather than 1 or 2 large meals, may help.

Medicine

The medicine you need will depend on what caused the damage to your liver. For example, if cirrhosis is from long-term viral hepatitis, you may be prescribed antiviral medicine.

You may be offered medicines to ease the symptoms of cirrhosis, such as:

• diuretics, which are used in combination with a low-salt diet to reduce the amount of fluid in your body, which helps with swelling (oedema)
• medicine to help with high blood pressure in the main vein that takes blood to the liver (portal hypertension)
• prescription creams to ease skin itching

Managing complications

If cirrhosis progresses and your liver is no longer able to function (decompensated cirrhosis), you may get complications that need treatment.

Swollen or bleeding veins

When cirrhosis has progressed, it can cause the veins in your food pipe (oesophagus) or stomach to become swollen. These are called oesophageal varices and gastric varices.

An endoscopy is used to diagnose oesophageal and gastric varices.

You may be given a type of medicine called a beta blocker, such as propranolol, to reduce the chance of the varices bleeding, or to help control bleeding.

If you vomit blood, or have blood in your poo, it may be because the varices are bleeding (a variceal haemorrhage). You will need urgent treatment. Go to your nearest A&E department immediately.

There are several treatments used to prevent or stop the bleeding, such as medicines and fitting a band around the veins (endoscopic variceal band ligation).

Find out more about the treatments for oesophageal and gastric varices from The British Liver Trust.

Fluid in the tummy and legs

A build-up of fluid in your tummy area (ascites) or legs and ankles (peripheral oedema) is a common complication when cirrhosis progresses.

The main treatments are cutting out salt from your diet and taking a type of medicine called a diuretic, such as spironolactone or furosemide.

If the fluid in your tummy becomes infected, you may need antibiotics. In severe cases, you may need to have the fluid drained from your tummy area with a tube.

Encephalopathy

Cirrhosis can sometimes cause problems with your brain function (encephalopathy).

Symptoms include confusion, feeling sleepy, and problems concentrating. This happens because the liver is no longer able to clear toxins properly.

The main treatment for encephalopathy is lactulose syrup. This acts as a laxative and helps clear toxins from your body. You may also need to take an antibiotic called rifaximin, to prevent infection.

Bleeding

Cirrhosis can affect your liver’s ability to make your blood clot, which means there’s a chance of severe bleeding if you cut yourself or have an operation or dental work.

You may be given medicines, or a blood product called plasma, to prevent or treat bleeding.

Talk to your doctor about your condition and the risk of bleeding before having an operation, including any dental work.

Liver transplant

If cirrhosis progresses and your liver is severely damaged, a liver transplant may be the only treatment option.

This is a major operation that involves removing your diseased liver and replacing it with a healthy liver from a donor.

You will probably have to wait a long time for a suitable donor liver to become available.

You will not be able to have a liver transplant if cirrhosis was caused by alcohol-related liver disease and you continue to drink alcohol.

Find out more about a liver transplant from the British Liver Trust.

Diabetes

Diabetes may get worse if you have type 2 diabetes and develop cirrhosis.

This is because cirrhosis can increase your resistance to insulin, a hormone produced by the body to control blood sugar levels.

Managing cirrhosis and diabetes can be very challenging. You will need careful monitoring and may need to take several different medicines.

Liver cancer

Having cirrhosis increases the chance of liver cancer, most commonly a type called hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Many symptoms of liver cancer are the same as symptoms of cirrhosis, so regular checks for liver cancer are important.

You should have an ultrasound scan, and may also have blood tests, every 6 months to check for HCC.

Read more about liver cancer.

Page last reviewed: 29 June 2020
Next review due: 29 June 2023

Cirrhosis of the liver – Better Health Channel

Cirrhosis of the liver is a type of liver damage where healthy cells are replaced by scar tissue. The liver is unable to perform its vital functions of metabolism, production of proteins, including blood clotting factors, and filtering of drugs and toxins.

Many people think that only drinking excessive amounts of alcohol causes liver cirrhosis. But there are a number of other ways that the liver can be damaged and lead to cirrhosis.

Depending on the cause, cirrhosis can develop over months or years. There is no cure. Treatment aims to halt liver damage, manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications, such as diabetes, osteoporosis (brittle bones), liver cancer and liver failure.

Symptoms of liver cirrhosis

Symptoms depend on the severity of the cirrhosis, but may include:

• appetite loss
• nausea
• weight loss
• general tiredness
• spidery red veins on the skin (spider angiomas)
• easily bruised skin
• yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• reddened palms (palmar erythema)
• itchy skin
• hair loss
• dark coloured urine
• fluid retention in the abdomen and legs
• internal bleeding presenting as dark-coloured stools or vomiting blood
• hormone disruptions that could cause a range of problems, including testicular atrophy (shrinking) and impotence in males or amenorrhoea (no periods) in women
• disturbed sleep patterns
• cognitive problems such as memory loss, confusion or concentration difficulties.

Causes of liver cirrhosis

Two of the most well-known causes of liver cirrhosis are long-term excessive alcohol consumption and hepatitis C virus infection. However, there are a number of other conditions that can also lead to liver damage and cirrhosis. In fact, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (‘fatty liver’) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Australia. A small proportion of patients with fatty liver can also develop cirrhosis. Hepatitis B virus infection is an important cause of cirrhosis worldwide.

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Excessive and chronic alcohol consumption is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis from drinking alcohol can develop over many years.

It is important to remember that the amount of alcohol that will damage the liver can vary from person to person. If a healthy woman drinks the same amount of alcohol as a healthy man, she has a higher risk of cirrhosis. Children are particularly susceptible to damage from alcohol. Some people also have a genetic predisposition to alcohol-related liver injury.

People with a medical condition, especially those affecting the liver, may have a higher risk of damage from alcohol. If you already have hepatitis B or C, or cirrhosis of the liver (from any cause), you are at risk of making your condition worse if you drink alcohol.

Liver cirrhosis and hepatitis

Hepatitis is a general term meaning inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is hepatitis caused by a virus like the hepatitis B or C virus. Chronic hepatitis C is a common cause of liver cirrhosis. Hepatitis B can also cause cirrhosis. With either of these conditions, you increase your risk of developing cirrhosis if you drink alcohol.

Liver cirrhosis and fatty liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition where fat accumulates in the liver. It now affects about 20 per cent of Australians. It is becoming more common in children who are overweight or obese.

NAFLD is associated with conditions such as:

• obesity – 20 per cent of people with obesity have fatty liver disease
• high blood cholesterol and triglycerides
• type 2 diabetes.

NAFLD can lead to inflammation of the liver and the formation of scar tissue, a condition called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can then lead to cirrhosis of the liver. NASH usually occurs in people who are obese, have diabetes or have high blood cholesterol and triglycerides, so controlling these conditions is recommended.

People with NASH have a higher risk of liver damage if they have hepatitis C. The effect of alcohol is debated, but it is probably not recommended if there is significant liver scarring present.

Liver cirrhosis from inherited conditions

Some inherited conditions damage the liver and this leads to the scarring that can contribute to cirrhosis. These conditions include:

• haemochromatosis – the body accumulates iron, which can damage many organs, including the liver
• Wilson disease – the tissues of the body accumulate copper
• galactosaemia – the body is unable to process galactose (a sugar) so it accumulates in the blood and can result in liver damage
• cystic fibrosis – mainly affects the lungs, but can also cause scarring of the liver
• alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency – can cause lung damage but can also affect liver function and lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.

Other causes of liver cirrhosis

A number of other medical conditions that result in liver damage can cause cirrhosis, including:

• some autoimmune diseases – certain types of cells of the immune system attack and damage the liver. These uncommon conditions that can cause liver cirrhosis include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts).
• exposure to poisons – can damage the liver because one of the liver’s main roles is to remove toxins from the blood. Prolonged exposure to environmental toxins such as arsenic can damage the liver and lead to cirrhosis.
• schistosomiasis – a tropical disease caused by a parasitic worm called Schistosoma. The worm is passed to humans from snails, and the disease is also known as bilharziasis. Chronic schistosomiasis causes damage to internal organs including the liver
• certain medications (such as amiodarone, which is used to manage heart arrhythmias) – in rare cases, may cause cirrhosis in susceptible people
• unknown conditions – can cause cirrhosis in about one third of cases (called ‘cryptogenic cirrhosis’. Some of these are due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease).

Complications of liver cirrhosis

Without medical treatment, cirrhosis of the liver can lead to a range of potentially life-threatening complications including:

• bleeding from enlarged blood vessels (‘varices’) in the oesophagus or stomach
• build-up of fluid within the abdominal cavity (ascites)
• infection of the fluid found within the abdominal cavity (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis)
• liver failure – loss of liver cells and disruption of blood flow through the liver by scar tissue can impair liver function
• impaired functioning of the brain caused by toxins that the liver has failed to remove (hepatic encephalopathy).
• primary liver cancer – the most common type of cancer caused by cirrhosis is hepatocellular carcinoma
• osteoporosis (brittle bones)

Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis

Tests used to diagnose liver cirrhosis may include:

• medical history
• physical examination
• blood tests, including liver function tests
• urine tests
• imaging studies, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• transient elastography (Fibroscan^TM), this test uses an ultrasound-based technique to detect liver cirrhosis. This test is less accurate in people with obesity issues unless specially designed XL probes are used.
• liver biopsy, obtaining liver tissue for laboratory examination.

Treatment of liver cirrhosis

Cirrhosis of the liver is incurable but, in some cases, treatment can help to reduce the likelihood that the condition will become worse.

Treatment options include:

• treating the underlying cause of liver damage – for example, treating the underlying hepatitis (B or C) virus infection, or the removal of blood to lower iron levels in haemochromatosis
• making dietary and lifestyle changes – a nutritious low-fat, high-protein diet and exercise can help people to avoid malnutrition
• avoiding alcohol – alcohol damages the liver and harms remaining healthy tissue
• taking certain medications – such as beta-blockers to reduce blood pressure and lower the risk of bleeding or diuretics to remove excess fluid
• avoiding certain medications that can make the symptoms worse – such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opiates or sedatives
• having regular medical check-ups – including scans to check for liver cancer
• having regular endoscopic procedures to check whether there are varicose veins within the oesophagus or stomach
• having a liver transplant – an option that may be considered in severe cases.

Where to get help

• Your GP (doctor)
• Gastroenterologist
• Dietitian

Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Content

• 1 Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
  • 1.1 Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
    • 1.1.1 Symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver

    900 05 1.1.2 Diagnosis of cirrhosis liver

    • 1.1.3 Treatment of liver cirrhosis
  • 1.2 Liver cirrhosis: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
    • 1.2.1 What is liver cirrhosis?
  • 1.3 What are the signs of liver cirrhosis?
  • 1.4 Risk factors for liver cirrhosis
  • 1.5 Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
    • 1.5.1 History
    • 1.5.2 Clinical and laboratory investigations
    • 1.5.3 Instrumental examinations
  • 1.6 What are the treatments for liver cirrhosis
  • 1.7 Cirrhosis diet plan
    • 1. 7.1 What to eat
    • 1.7.2 What to limit or avoid
  • 1.8 Preventing cirrhosis
  • 1.9 How to prevent progression of liver cirrhosis
  • 1.10 Life after beating cirrhosis
  • 1.11 Can cirrhosis be cured?
  • 1.12 Related videos:
  • 1.13 Q&A:
    • • 1.13.0.1
      • 1.13.0.2
      • 1.13.0.3 treat cirrhosis of the liver?
      • 1.13.0.4
      • 1.13.0.5
      • 1.13.0.6 diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Find out how to recognize this dangerous disease and what treatments to use.

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic liver disease that develops gradually and can lead to complete damage to the liver, deterioration of quality of life and, ultimately, death. Symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver may manifest differently in each patient, but in the early stages of the disease they are not always noticeable and can take the form of fatigue, pain in the right hypochondrium, heartburn, etc.

        However, when the first manifestations of the disease appear, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. Doctors use various methods to diagnose cirrhosis of the liver, such as a physical examination, measurement of enzyme levels in the blood, ultrasound, and so on.

        Treatment of cirrhosis of the liver should be started as early as possible to prevent its development and keep the patient healthy. There are various treatments for cirrhosis of the liver, such as lifestyle changes, medications, procedures, and surgeries. When determining the optimal treatment for each patient, doctors consider the stage of the disease and other factors.

        Although cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease that often leads to complications, it is important to remember that early medical attention and proper treatment can prevent its development and allow you to return to a healthy lifestyle.

        Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

        Symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease that leads to a gradual deterioration of liver function. Among the main symptoms of liver cirrhosis are:

        • An increase in the size of the abdomen and the appearance of the ability to tumour;
        • Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes;
        • Fatigue and weakness;
        • Decreased appetite and weight loss;
        • Abdominal pain and heartburn;
        • Increased bleeding and bruising.

        These symptoms may appear gradually, so early medical attention is very important for the successful treatment of cirrhosis.

        Diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver

        Diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver may require complex medical examinations. The main research methods used to diagnose liver cirrhosis are:

        1. Blood test for disease markers;
        2. Ultrasound of the liver and biliary tract;
        3. CT or MRI of the liver and abdomen;
        4. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
        5. Liver laparoscopy.

        These methods allow you to accurately establish the diagnosis, determine the stage of the disease and determine the possibility of surgery or treatment.

        Treatment of liver cirrhosis

        Treatment of liver cirrhosis is aimed at maintaining liver function at an optimal level, and at eliminating or alleviating the symptoms of the disease. The optimal way to treat cirrhosis of the liver is determined after diagnosis and evaluation of the patient’s condition. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, the patient may be prescribed conservative treatment or surgery.

        Treatment should include changes in diet and diet, treatment of comorbidities, and the use of special medications to protect liver function. If possible, liver transplantation can be performed – this is the only radical way to treat cirrhosis of the liver.

        Cirrhosis of the liver: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

        What is cirrhosis of the liver?

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease in which the liver tissues are gradually destroyed and replaced by scar tissue, which leads to a violation of its functions.

        The causes of liver cirrhosis can be alcohol and drug poisoning, heredity, hepatitis viruses, etc. The presence of the disease can be determined using medical studies such as ultrasound, biopsy and other methods, which allows you to start treatment at an early stage and prevent possible complications.

        What signs indicate the presence of cirrhosis of the liver?

        Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by impaired functioning of the liver. One of the main signs of cirrhosis is jaundice, which manifests itself externally – it will let you know about itself when the level of bilirubin in the blood reaches noticeable values.

        Often the first symptom of liver cirrhosis is pain in the right hypochondrium, which is especially aggravated after eating fatty foods or alcohol. Various disorders of vital organs may also occur, for example, dizziness, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, joint pain.

        Cirrhosis of the liver can lead to dysfunction of the digestive system: it becomes difficult for the patient to tolerate fatty, fried, spicy and salty foods, swelling of the legs and abdomen is formed. In some cases, it is possible to increase body temperature to critical values.

        • Chronic fatigue – with cirrhosis, a person always feels tired, which does not go away even after a long rest.
        • Discoloration of the skin – with cirrhosis, the skin becomes yellow or brownish-gray. It is also common for skin spots to appear, and nails and bones to become more brittle.
        • Fainting and dizziness – the brain is often affected by liver cirrhosis, which can lead to confusion, loss of consciousness or falling.

        Risk factors for cirrhosis of the liver

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease that can lead to impaired liver function and even death. There are a number of risk factors that can contribute to the onset of cirrhosis of the liver.

        • Alcohol dependence: Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most common causes of liver cirrhosis. The more alcohol a person consumes, the greater the risk of cirrhosis.
        • Viral infections: Viral infections such as hepatitis B, C and D can cause cirrhosis of the liver. They are transmitted through blood or sexual contact.
        • Fatty liver: Excessive accumulation of fat in the liver can lead to major problems, including cirrhosis. Fatty liver disease occurs with diabetes and overweight.
        • Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis can also lead to liver cirrhosis.

        These risk factors are just some of the possible causes of liver cirrhosis. They get worse when combined with other factors such as genetic factors, stress, and certain medications.

        Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis

        Anamnesis

        The first step in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis is the history taking. The doctor asks the patient questions about the presence of symptoms, such as pain in the right side, fatigue, jaundice. It is also worth asking about the patient’s medical history, including past surgeries and liver disease.

        Clinical and laboratory investigations

        When diagnosing cirrhosis of the liver, the doctor performs a physical examination, during which symptoms associated with liver disease are detected, such as an enlarged liver and spleen, and the presence of varicose veins in the abdomen. It is also necessary to undergo laboratory tests that allow you to determine the biochemical composition of the blood, the content of proteins and other substances that may indicate the presence of cirrhosis of the liver.

        Instrumental research

        To clarify the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, it is necessary to conduct instrumental studies. These can be various types of scans, such as MRI and CT scans, or analysis of a liver biopsy. These methods allow you to see changes in liver tissue and accurately establish the diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver.

        It is important to be diagnosed with liver cirrhosis at an early stage of the disease, as this allows you to start effective and timely treatment and avoid complications.

        What are the treatments for liver cirrhosis

        Treatment of liver cirrhosis depends on the stage of the disease and its causes.

        In the early stages of liver cirrhosis, lifestyle changes may help. It is recommended to stop drinking alcohol and nicotine, to eat a diet rich in proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins, and to undergo regular medical examinations. In some cases, antiviral drugs may be used to treat viral hepatitis.

        In severe cases of liver cirrhosis, liver transplantation may be necessary. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage cirrhosis and can completely cure the disease. However, transplantation requires the presence of a donor liver and highly qualified surgeons, which can significantly limit the possibilities of treatment.

        Diet plan for liver cirrhosis

        In liver cirrhosis, the main goal of nutrition is to reduce the load on the organ, reduce the accumulation of toxins and maintain a normal body weight. Frequent meals (5-6 times a day) in small portions are recommended.

        What to eat

        • Protein: lean meat, fish, eggs, low fat dairy products.
        • Carbohydrates: rice, porridge, wheat, couscous, vegetables, fruit, whole grain bread.
        • Fats: vegetable oils, nuts, seeds.

        What to limit or eliminate

        • Animal fats: fatty meat, butter.
        • Sugar and sweets: sugar, sweets, cakes, pastries.
        • Salt: limit the amount of salt in food.
        • Alcohol: Completely eliminate alcohol from the diet.

        Nutrition for cirrhosis of the liver must be made individually, taking into account the degree of progression of the disease and the patient’s condition. If you’re not sure which diet to choose, talk to your doctor or an experienced dietitian.

        Prevention of cirrhosis of the liver

        Prevention of cirrhosis of the liver requires proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. The first priority is to prevent the development of liver diseases.

        Stopping smoking and drinking alcohol, as well as the correct daily routine and sufficient rest, increase immunity, which helps the body cope with stress and diseases, including cirrhosis of the liver.

        • In addition, it is important to monitor metabolism and keep blood sugar levels normal. You can go in for sports and physical exercises, which increases the stability of the whole organism and helps to maintain a normal metabolism.
        • Regular medical examination and treatment of diseases in the initial stages also reduces the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver. If you have a hereditary predisposition or you suffer from chronic diseases, you should definitely visit a gastroenterologist and a neurologist.
        • Knowing about liver cirrhosis and its prevention helps to stay healthy. Special programs for the prevention of liver diseases have been developed, which are carried out in medical institutions. Such events provide an opportunity to receive up-to-date information and practical recommendations from professionals.

        Remember, in order to prevent liver cirrhosis, you need to pay attention to your diet, give up bad habits, exercise regularly, monitor your metabolism and regularly undergo medical examinations.

        How to prevent the progression of liver cirrhosis

        Proper nutrition. Animal fats, salt, alcohol, heavy and fatty proteins should be monitored. The diet should include more vegetables, fruits, greens, whole grains, plant-based proteins and dairy products.

        Stop smoking. Nicotine enhances liver cell destruction and supports inflammation. Therefore, to slow down the progression of liver cirrhosis, you need to reduce the amount of toxins that enter the body and forget about smoking.

        Treatment of the underlying disease. Liver cirrhosis most often occurs in association with other liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis. Correct and timely treatment of the underlying disease is one of the important points in the process of slowing down the progression of liver cirrhosis.

        Regular medical check-up. It is important to have regular check-ups and follow-up with a doctor to detect dangerous changes during their initial stage. Early detection of cirrhosis of the liver increases the chances of a full recovery and reduces the risk of possible complications.

        Avoid exposure to toxins. It is difficult to avoid exposure to toxic substances in our lives, but steps can be taken to reduce the exposure of the liver to toxins, such as using protective equipment when exposed to chemicals.

        Life after the victory over cirrhosis of the liver

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease that requires decisive and comprehensive treatment. However, even after the development of the disease has been stopped, the patient will have to change his life in order to maintain health and quality of life.

        One of the key points after the treatment of liver cirrhosis is nutrition. Patients are advised to follow a diet that excludes fatty, fried, canned, and smoked foods. It is important to include fresh vegetables and fruits, protein foods, cereals on the water, low-fat cheeses and dairy products in the diet.

        Physical activity is also an important part of recovery from liver cirrhosis. Of course, it is necessary to consult with specialists and set the optimal load level depending on the state of health and the nature of the disease.

        Regular medical examinations are an integral part of the patient’s life after the victory over cirrhosis. Experts recommend regular consultations with a gastroenterologist, ultrasound and MRI to monitor the condition of the liver and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

        Despite the significant support of friends and relatives, psychological help may also be needed by the patient after the victory over cirrhosis of the liver. The treatment of this disease can be difficult, and the experiences and stress that arose during the illness can affect the patient’s emotional state. Feel free to contact a specialist.

        Having coped with difficulties and not stopping there, the patient, after defeating liver cirrhosis, can continue an active and eventful life.

        Can cirrhosis of the liver be cured?

        Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease that develops gradually, leading to irreversible changes in the liver tissue. Unfortunately, at the moment there is no direct method for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, which would guarantee the full restoration of the health of the organ.

        To determine the complex of treatment, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis and assess the degree of liver damage. Therapy may include medication, diet, management of complications, and management of causes that cause cirrhosis, such as alcoholism and viral infections.

        An important criterion for the success of treatment is the degree of decrease in the activity of the process and the possibility of maintaining the functionality of the liver. After the course of treatment, it is desirable to lead a healthy lifestyle, preventing new damage and complications of the disease.

        • Regular medical examinations
        • Quitting alcohol and nicotine
        • Proper nutrition and physical activity

        Disease activity may decrease to a complete cessation, but this requires patient discipline and medical supervision. Therefore, when confirming the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, at any of its stages, it is necessary to seek help from specialist doctors and strictly follow their recommendations.

        Related videos:

        Q&A:

        Can cirrhosis of the liver be completely cured?

        Cirrhosis of the liver is an irreversible disease and cannot be completely cured. However, with timely access to a doctor and compliance with certain rules, it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease and minimize its negative consequences. In some cases, liver transplantation may be recommended, which can improve quality of life and prolong life.

        Liver cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis is reversible. Treatment of cirrhosis in hepatitis B and C

        Gepatit.ru

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        Early stages of cirrhosis CAN BE TREATED. Reverse development of cirrhosis is possible!!!.

        Formation of cirrhosis of the liver
        – This is a long process during which the destruction of the liver occurs and the replacement of normal healthy liver tissue with connective tissue or adipose tissue, depending on the cause of liver damage.

        In viral hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, it is a connective tissue, the density of which is much higher than the density of normal healthy hepatic parenchyma. As a result, the structure of the liver changes, its functionality is impaired, blood circulation in the abdominal cavity suffers catastrophically. Due to the increase in pressure in the main vessels of the liver, they expand and eventually rupture with subsequent internal bleeding.

        If the cause of cirrhosis is fatty hepatosis, then the same changes are caused by the replacement of liver tissue with fatty tissue.

        If viruses are the cause of cirrhosis, then the only way to stop the process, which has not yet reached irreversible stages, is antiviral treatment. Antiviral drugs have antifibrotic and anticirrhotic effects. Prescribing antiviral therapy in such cases is a serious and responsible decision for a doctor, since treatment with these drugs is often accompanied by side effects with quite dangerous blood changes. However, there are NO other ways to survive.

        Our doctors have treated a lot of patients with cirrhosis. We have helped many of them. Many patients with the initial stage of cirrhosis, after treatment, are absolutely healthy and have a degree of fibrosis F0!! This is not an easy path. Sometimes two or more courses of antiviral therapy, non-standard solutions, joint efforts of the doctor and the patient made it possible to cope with a serious illness. Unfortunately, this does not always happen.

        For the treatment of liver cirrhosis against the background of fatty hepatosis, an endocrinologist is necessarily involved in the treatment, since the cause of liver disorders in this case is hormonal and metabolic changes that can be treated in almost 100% of cases, but with the obligatory implementation by patients of the endocrinologist’s recommendations for changing lifestyle, including including nutrition and physical activity.

        You can immediately make an appointment with a hepatologist
        for a paid consultation by phone +7 495 255 10 60, but if you have not undergone an examination to clarify the stage of cirrhosis, sign up for a free consultation to schedule such an examination.

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        What is important to know

        • What is hepatitis B
        • Hepatitis B treatment
        • What is Hepatitis C
        • Hepatitis C treatment
        • Treatment of hepatitis C with new drugs
        • alcoholic liver disease
        • Fatty hepatosis
        • Cirrhosis of the liver
        • What is liver elastometry (fibroscan)
        • Analyzes and examinations

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