How are IBS and GERD related. What are the common symptoms of these digestive disorders. How can diet and lifestyle changes help manage both conditions. What treatment options are available for people with IBS and GERD. How does stress impact these conditions. What foods should be avoided to reduce symptoms.

The Link Between IBS and GERD: A Complex Relationship

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) are two common digestive disorders that often occur together. Research has shown a strong connection between these conditions, with studies indicating that individuals diagnosed with IBS are at a higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms.

A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that approximately 63% of people diagnosed with IBS also experienced GERD symptoms. Furthermore, the research revealed that having both conditions was more prevalent in women and led to more severe symptoms overall.

What is the prevalence of IBS and GERD?

IBS affects up to 20% of the population, while GERD symptoms are experienced daily by about 7% of individuals. The high prevalence of these conditions makes understanding their relationship crucial for effective management and treatment.

Understanding IBS and GERD: Symptoms and Diagnosis

IBS is characterized by abdominal pain occurring at least three times a month for a minimum of three months, without any underlying disease or injury explaining the symptoms. On the other hand, GERD causes acid reflux and regurgitation, commonly referred to as heartburn.

How is IBS diagnosed?

IBS is typically diagnosed based on the Rome criteria, which include recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits. Diagnostic tests may be performed to rule out other conditions.

What are the common symptoms of GERD?

• Heartburn
• Regurgitation
• Difficulty swallowing
• Chest pain
• Chronic cough

Theories Behind the IBS-GERD Connection

While the exact mechanism linking IBS and GERD is not fully understood, several theories have been proposed to explain their relationship:

Visceral Hypersensitivity

One hypothesis suggests that both conditions involve increased sensitivity of the digestive system. Dr. Maged Rizk, a gastroenterologist at the Cleveland Clinic, explains that people with IBS and GERD may become uncomfortable at a lower threshold compared to those without these conditions.

Motility Disorders

Another potential link between IBS and GERD is gastrointestinal motility. Some experts now consider both conditions to be motility disorders, which involve abnormalities in the movement of food through the digestive system.

Stress and Food Sensitivities

Stress and food sensitivities may also play a role in the connection between IBS and GERD. There is a strong link between mental stress and digestive stress, with stress being a known trigger for symptoms of both conditions.

Managing IBS and GERD: Diet and Lifestyle Changes

Adopting certain dietary and lifestyle modifications can help alleviate symptoms of both IBS and GERD:

What is the low-FODMAP diet?

The low-FODMAP diet involves eliminating foods high in certain carbohydrates called FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols). Studies have shown that 50-86% of people with IBS experience improvement in their symptoms when following this diet.

Which foods should be avoided to reduce GERD symptoms?

• Fatty or fried foods
• Tomato sauce
• Chocolate
• Mint
• Garlic
• Onions
• Alcohol
• Caffeine

How can lifestyle changes help manage symptoms?

1. Maintain a healthy weight
2. Quit smoking
3. Avoid tight clothing
4. Elevate the head of your bed
5. Avoid lying down after meals
6. Eat food slowly

Treatment Options for IBS and GERD

While dietary and lifestyle changes are crucial, medical treatments may also be necessary to manage symptoms effectively:

What medications are used to treat GERD?

• Antacids
• H2 blockers
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Which medications are commonly prescribed for IBS?

• Antispasmodics
• Anti-anxiety medications
• Antidepressants (in some cases)
• Probiotics

It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific symptoms and condition.

The Role of Stress Management in IBS and GERD

Given the strong connection between stress and digestive symptoms, implementing stress management techniques can be beneficial for individuals with IBS and GERD:

How does stress impact digestive health?

Stress can exacerbate symptoms of both IBS and GERD by increasing inflammation, altering gut motility, and heightening sensitivity to pain and discomfort in the digestive system.

What stress management techniques can help?

• Mindfulness meditation
• Deep breathing exercises
• Progressive muscle relaxation
• Yoga
• Regular exercise
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy

The Importance of Proper Diagnosis and Individualized Treatment

Given the complex nature of IBS and GERD and their frequent co-occurrence, it’s crucial to receive an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan:

Why is a comprehensive evaluation necessary?

A thorough evaluation by a gastroenterologist can help determine whether an individual has IBS, GERD, or both conditions. This assessment may include various diagnostic tests, such as endoscopy, pH monitoring, or motility studies.

How can treatment be tailored to individual needs?

Treatment plans should be customized based on the specific symptoms, severity, and triggers experienced by each patient. This may involve a combination of dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, stress management techniques, and medications.

Future Directions in IBS and GERD Research

As our understanding of the relationship between IBS and GERD continues to evolve, ongoing research is exploring new avenues for diagnosis and treatment:

What are some promising areas of research?

• Gut microbiome studies
• Neuromodulation techniques
• Novel pharmacological treatments
• Personalized nutrition approaches

These areas of research hold potential for developing more targeted and effective treatments for individuals living with both IBS and GERD.

Living Well with IBS and GERD: Strategies for Long-Term Management

While managing both IBS and GERD can be challenging, adopting a comprehensive approach can lead to significant improvements in quality of life:

How can patients take an active role in their care?

• Keep a symptom diary to identify triggers
• Work closely with healthcare providers
• Stay informed about new developments in treatment
• Join support groups or online communities
• Practice self-care and stress management regularly

By implementing these strategies and working closely with healthcare professionals, individuals with IBS and GERD can effectively manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.

What role does ongoing monitoring play in managing IBS and GERD?

Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are essential for monitoring symptom progression, adjusting treatment plans as needed, and addressing any new concerns that may arise. This proactive approach can help prevent complications and ensure optimal management of both conditions over time.

The Impact of IBS and GERD on Quality of Life

Living with both IBS and GERD can significantly affect various aspects of daily life, including work productivity, social relationships, and emotional well-being:

How do these conditions affect mental health?

The chronic nature of IBS and GERD symptoms can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression. It’s important to address these psychological aspects as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

What strategies can help improve quality of life?

• Developing a strong support system
• Practicing self-compassion
• Engaging in enjoyable activities
• Seeking professional counseling if needed
• Maintaining a balanced lifestyle

By addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of living with IBS and GERD, individuals can work towards achieving a better quality of life despite their chronic conditions.

Navigating Healthcare Systems with IBS and GERD

Managing multiple chronic conditions like IBS and GERD often requires navigating complex healthcare systems:

How can patients effectively communicate with healthcare providers?

• Prepare a list of symptoms and concerns before appointments
• Be honest about the impact of symptoms on daily life
• Ask questions about treatment options and potential side effects
• Discuss any challenges in adhering to treatment plans

What resources are available for patients with IBS and GERD?

Various organizations and online platforms provide valuable information and support for individuals living with these conditions:

• International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD)
• American Gastroenterological Association (AGA)
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
• Online support forums and patient communities

Utilizing these resources can help patients stay informed about their conditions and connect with others facing similar challenges.

The Role of Nutrition in Managing IBS and GERD

Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in managing symptoms of both IBS and GERD. While individual dietary triggers may vary, certain nutritional strategies can be beneficial for many patients:

How can meal planning help manage symptoms?

Carefully planning meals and snacks can help minimize triggers and reduce symptom flare-ups. This may involve:

• Eating smaller, more frequent meals
• Avoiding large meals close to bedtime
• Incorporating fiber-rich foods gradually
• Staying hydrated throughout the day

What role do probiotics play in managing IBS and GERD?

Probiotics, or beneficial bacteria, may help improve digestive health and alleviate symptoms of both IBS and GERD. However, the effectiveness of probiotics can vary among individuals, and it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any probiotic regimen.

Emerging Treatments and Technologies for IBS and GERD

As research in gastroenterology continues to advance, new treatments and technologies are being developed to address the challenges of IBS and GERD:

What innovative therapies are being explored?

• Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for IBS
• Magnetic sphincter augmentation for GERD
• Targeted drug delivery systems
• Virtual reality-based therapies for pain management

How might artificial intelligence impact the management of these conditions?

AI-powered tools and technologies are being developed to aid in the diagnosis and management of IBS and GERD. These may include:

• Predictive algorithms for symptom flare-ups
• Personalized treatment recommendations based on patient data
• AI-assisted interpretation of diagnostic tests

While many of these emerging treatments and technologies are still in the research phase, they offer hope for improved management of IBS and GERD in the future.

The Importance of Patient Empowerment in IBS and GERD Management

Empowering patients to take an active role in their care is essential for effective management of IBS and GERD:

How can patients become more involved in their treatment?

• Educate themselves about their conditions
• Set realistic goals for symptom management
• Actively participate in decision-making with healthcare providers
• Advocate for their needs and preferences

What tools can help patients track and manage their symptoms?

Various digital health tools and mobile applications are available to help patients monitor their symptoms, identify triggers, and track treatment effectiveness. These tools can provide valuable insights for both patients and healthcare providers, leading to more personalized and effective management strategies.

By taking a proactive approach to their care and utilizing available resources, individuals living with IBS and GERD can work towards better symptom control and improved quality of life.

Living With IBS and GERD

If you have irritable bowel syndrome, research shows that you are much more at risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Learn about both conditions and symptom management that may help.

By Chris Iliades, MDMedically Reviewed by Kareem Sassi, MD

Reviewed: May 7, 2020

Medically Reviewed

IBS affects the lower GI tract and GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.iStock; Everyday Health

In the alphabet soup of digestive disorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) aren’t just problematic on their own — they often occur together.

IBS causes belly pain along with changes in bowel habits, either diarrhea or constipation. GERD causes acid reflux, commonly referred to as heartburn. Having one of these conditions can be bad enough, but many people have to deal with both.

Several studies have found a strong link between GERD and IBS. A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology looked at data on more than 6,000 people and found that about 63 percent of those diagnosed with IBS had GERD symptoms, too. The research also showed that having both GERD and IBS was more common in women and that having both conditions made all symptoms worse.

A study published in The American Journal of Gastroenterology found that the odds of having GERD symptoms was 4 times higher for people living with IBS than those without IBS.

“Is there a link between IBS and GERD? Absolutely,” says Maged Rizk, MD, a gastroenterologist and the director of the Chronic Abdominal Pain Center at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. “I see it all the time in our clinic. If you combine the results of all the studies, GERD is probably about 4 times more common in people with IBS.”

How Are IBS and GERD Linked?

Both IBS and GERD are extremely common. You may be diagnosed with IBS, which affects up to 20 percent of people, if you have symptoms of abdominal pain at least three times a month for at least three months, and that pain cannot be explained by any disease or injury. GERD causes acid reflux and regurgitation; about 7 percent of people with the condition experience these symptoms on a daily basis.

“The links between GERD and IBS are mostly hypothetical but probably involve an increased sensitivity of the digestive system,” Dr. Rizk says. “People with GERD and IBS become uncomfortable at a lower threshold than people without these conditions. We call that visceral hypersensitivity.”

Another link between IBS and GERD symptoms may be gastrointestinal motility, referring to the process of moving food through the digestive system. If the movements are disordered, it’s called motility disorder. Some experts now consider both IBS and GERD to be motility disorders.

“Stress and food sensitivities may be other links,” Rizk says. “There is a strong link between mental stress and digestive stress. Stress is a known trigger for both IBS and GERD symptoms.”

Treatment Options for GERD and IBS

Rizk says that diet and lifestyle changes that reduce stress should benefit both IBS and GERD. “An elimination diet that starts with very bland and simple foods and then introduces new food groups in stages may help identify foods that trigger symptoms,” Rizk says. “Each condition may also be treated separately with medications. Antacid and acid-blocking medications are often used for GERD. Antispasmodic medications and anti-anxiety medications may be used for IBS.”

Some studies suggest that following a low-FODMAP diet helps improve IBS symptoms. This involves eliminating foods that are high in certain carbohydrates called FODMAPs, or fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols.

A review published in January 2017 in the journal Gastroenterology & Hepatology found that 50 to 86 percent of people with IBS show improvement in their symptoms on a low-FODMAP diet.

Trigger foods for GERD include fatty or fried foods, tomato sauce, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, alcohol, and caffeine.

Stress management and relaxation techniques to calm anxiety may also help ease symptoms of IBS and GERD. Maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, avoiding tight clothing, elevating the head of your bed, not lying down after a meal, and eating food slowly can all reduce the frequency of acid reflux.

RELATED: The Business of a Diet

Additional reporting by Ashley Welch.

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IBS and Acid Reflux: What’s the Connection?

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IBS and Acid Reflux

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that affects the large intestine, or colon. Symptoms usually include abdominal pain, cramps, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and gas. Other symptoms of IBS may include urgent bowel movements or the feeling of incomplete evacuation.

The bowel muscles that are responsible for moving food through the intestinal tract may contract more forcefully or more irregularly in patients with IBS. This pushes food through the system abnormally. If waste material moves too fast it can cause diarrhea. If it moves too slow it can cause constipation.

Although it may make you uncomfortable, IBS doesn’t cause inflammation, nor will it permanently damage the colon.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) is a disease that may cause significant damage to the tissues and cells of the esophagus over time. It’s the chronic form of acid reflux.

GERD occurs when stomach acids back up into the esophagus due to a poor-functioning lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES is a band of muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and the stomach.

The main symptom of both acid reflux and GERD is frequent heartburn. Other symptoms may include burning in the throat or a sour liquid taste in back of the mouth.

While occasional acid reflux is normal, GERD symptoms are persistent and typically require treatment to relieve symptoms such as coughing, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing.

IBS is classified as a functional disorder. This is a condition in which symptoms are real, but physiological causes aren’t easily identifiable. Although the causes of IBS are unknown, it’s frequently exacerbated by stress.

IBS also often accompanies GERD. This dual presentation suggests that the two conditions may share common disease mechanisms, but these are not well understood.

One mechanism may be poor muscle function of the intestinal tract. Some experts suspect there may be an incoordination of the muscles that line the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, contributing to symptoms of both IBS and acid reflux.

Another observation is that individuals with both IBS and GERD report more sleep difficulties and more episodes of abdominal pain than people who just have IBS or GERD alone.

However, IBS is a complicated condition and less well-understood than GERD. Experts believe there are a variety of individual, intestinal, and environmental factors that contribute to IBS. This makes the relationship between GERD and IBS even more complicated.

Different stimuli may trigger IBS symptoms in different people. For instance, in one person things like intestinal infection or medication may cause symptoms, while other people may react to certain foods or stress.

Women are more likely than men to suffer from IBS. Often, women will find that IBS symptoms are worse during menstruation. This has led researchers to believe that hormones may play a role in the development of IBS.

Perhaps not surprisingly, IBS and acid reflux are often triggered by the same kinds of foods. Those suffering from one or both conditions may find relief by avoiding the following:

• alcoholic beverages
• caffeinated beverages, such as coffee
• carbonated beverages, such as colas
• chocolate
• citrus fruits
• fatty and fried foods
• garlic and onions
• spicy foods
• tomato-based foods, such as pizza and spaghetti sauces
• certain sugars like high fructose corn syrup and lactose
• certain sugar alcohols like sorbitol and xylitol

If trigger foods include dairy products such as milk, cheese, or ice cream, the problem may be lactose intolerance, not IBS. People who have cramping or bloating after only eating dairy products should stop eating these foods for a period of two weeks to see if symptoms subside. If symptoms subside after avoiding dairy, speak with your doctor about the possibility of lactose intolerance. If other non-lactose foods in addition to dairy aggravate your symptoms, you are more likely to have IBS.

While medications may provide relief in many cases, the preferred treatment for most people suffering from both acid reflux and IBS is lifestyle and dietary modification.

In addition to avoiding certain foods, people with IBS or GERD may find relief by losing weight, quitting smoking, and learning stress-reduction techniques such as deep breathing, exercise, or yoga.

Although lifestyle and dietary changes can benefit many people with IBS, if you have GERD symptoms as well, certain medications may help:

• Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, are the drugs of choice for GERD sufferers.
• Antacids may be enough to relieve symptoms for people with occasional mild acid reflux.
• Anti-gas medications like simethicone (Gas-X) can work for occasional gas, bloating, and indigestion.

Buy antacids now.

Medications that focus on the management of IBS vary greatly depending on whether the main symptoms are constipation, diarrhea, or both. Your doctor can help guide your treatment.

If you have symptoms of GERD, IBS, or other intestinal problems, see your doctor for a thorough exam. Depending on your symptoms, you will likely need evaluation and testing to determine your diagnosis and which treatment options are best for you.

Reflux esophagitis (GERD) – treatment, symptoms and diagnosis of reflux esophagitis (GERD) in “SM-Clinic”

This disease is treated by a Gastroenterologist

• What is reflux esophagitis (GERD)?
• Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Causes and course of GERD
• Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Doctors

Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Characteristic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease are heartburn, pain in the sternum, sour belching, regurgitation, nausea, painful and difficult passage of food, discomfort after eating, flatulence. Errors in the diet (fatty, carbonated drinks, alcohol), smoking, physical activity, wearing clothes with a tight belt can provoke an increase in symptoms.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, reflux esophagitis) is one of the most common diseases of the esophagus, episodically its symptoms, primarily heartburn, occur in half of the adult population of the country, men and women get sick equally often, usually between the ages of 20 and 45 years.

GERD is an insidious disease, without proper treatment it can lead to serious complications, including cancer of the esophagus. The danger is aggravated by the fact that despite the mass of unpleasant symptoms that spoil their lives, many people are in no hurry to see a doctor, preferring to muffle the symptoms with heartburn pills.

Causes and course of GERD

Factors contributing to the development of GERD are hiatal hernia (esophageal hernia), stress, obesity, pregnancy, smoking, taking certain medications (calcium antagonists, anticholinergics, beta-blockers, etc. ).

The immediate cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease is prolonged contact of gastric contents with the mucosa of the esophagus. Dysmotility leads to the fact that the acidic gastric environment not only enters the esophagus, but also stays there for a long time.

Incorrect work (weakness) of the lower esophageal sphincter, which should prevent the reverse movement of masses, causes the entry of gastric contents into the esophagus, and insufficient peristalsis of the esophagus and a decrease in esophageal clearance cause slow emptying of the stomach and the withdrawal of this aggressive environment. This imbalance of protective functions leads to the development of reflux esophagitis.

Prolonged exposure of acid and bile to the esophageal mucosa leads to its chronic inflammation and erosive and ulcerative changes, foci of altered mucosa of the lower esophagus often serve as a source of cancer growth.

At the initial stages of the disease, separate areas of erosion of the distal esophagus are noted, at the second stage, individual foci of inflammation merge into a common area, then at the third stage, the inflammatory process covers the entire surface of the mucosa, ulcers appear. The fourth stage is a chronic esophageal ulcer, stenosis, cylindrical metaplasia of the esophageal mucosa (Barrett’s esophagus).

Patients with reflux disease are at an increased risk of acquiring various diseases of the paranasal sinuses, diseases of the trachea, larynx and lungs (ischemic heart disease with angina pectoris and / or heart rhythm disturbances, reflux laryngitis and pharyngitis, recurrent pneumonia, bronchial asthma, dental erosion, etc. ).

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If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

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Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Various methods are used to diagnose GERD. The main method is endoscopic – it allows you to get confirmation of the presence of reflux esophagitis, to assess its severity. Histological analysis of biopsy specimens of the esophageal mucosa provides additional information on the degree of dystrophic changes in the epithelial layer.

Contrast radiography of the esophagus allows you to identify reflux as such, that is, to fix the ingress of contrast from the stomach into the esophagus. X-ray examination of the esophagus may also indicate the presence of hiatal hernia, stricture of the esophagus, diffuse esophagospasm of the diaphragm.

Esophageal manometry (esophagomanometry) – allows you to evaluate the contractile activity of the esophagus, to study the indicators of the movement of its wall and the activity of the esophageal sphincters.

Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

After a comprehensive diagnosis, a gastroenterologist comprehensively assesses the patient’s health, analyzes the severity and nature of the course of the disease and selects an individual treatment regimen.

The goal of treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is to relieve its symptoms, treat esophagitis, prevent or eliminate complications of the disease, and improve the patient’s quality of life. Treatment for GERD can be conservative or surgical.

Non-surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Non-surgical treatment is indicated for mild to moderate reflux disease.

Properly selected antireflux therapy can reduce reflux, reduce the damaging properties of refluxate (gastric contents), improve esophageal clearance and protect the esophageal mucosa.

An effective antireflux treatment is based on lifestyle changes, in particular, it is necessary to normalize body weight, seriously adjust the diet, the amount and time of eating (avoid fatty, sour, foods that increase gas formation, as well as chocolate, coffee, carbonated drinks) . It is very important to exclude smoking and drinking alcohol, you should refrain from taking drugs that depress the function of the lower esophageal sphincter. Patients should avoid overeating, as well as stress on the abdominal muscles.

Antireflux drug therapy includes regular intake of antacids and alginic acid derivatives, prokinetics and antisecretory drugs that reduce gastric acidity, protect the esophageal mucosa, activate peristalsis, increase the activity of esophageal sphincters and improve esophageal and gastric motility in general.

With complex drug therapy of moderate reflux esophagitis, most patients experience a significant reduction in symptoms and an improvement in quality of life.

The basic course of treatment should be at least one month, and then within 6-12 months the patient should receive maintenance treatment. Without supportive treatment, the likelihood of recurrence of erosive esophagitis is high – it reaches 90% within a year.

It should be borne in mind that many antacid preparations contain a large amount of aluminum in their composition, and, accordingly, their long-term, unsystematic use leads to its accumulation in the body, which in old age increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

The question of surgical treatment of GERD arises when conservative therapy does not give the expected effect, despite repeated courses of drug therapy and adherence to all recommendations for normalizing lifestyle. Conservative treatment can reduce the severity of symptoms and prevent complications from developing, but does not eliminate the cause of the disease.

If, despite active medical treatment of GERD, you continue to suffer from heartburn, pain and other symptoms of reflux disease for more than a year, then it’s time to think about consulting with an experienced surgeon.

The indication for surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis is also a complicated course of the disease: bleeding, ulcerative lesions, peptic strictures of the esophagus, development of Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade epithelial dysplasia. Especially often, indications for surgery occur when GERD is combined with a hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm.

SM-Clinic employs experienced surgeons who successfully perform surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

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Diseases referred to Gastroenterologist

Avitaminosis
Ascariasis
Atrophic gastritis
Achalasia
Balantidiasis
Crohn’s disease
Viral hepatitis
Gastritis
gastroptosis
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenterocolitis
Helminthiasis
Liver hemangioma
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis C
Hepatomegaly
hiatal hernia
Diarrhea
diarrhea during pregnancy
Traveler’s diarrhea
Intestinal diverticulosis
Dysbacteriosis
Dyspepsia
Benign neoplasms of the esophagus
Duodenitis
Jaundice
Cholelithiasis
fatty liver disease
Fatty hepatosis
Constipation
Heartburn
intestinal candidiasis
liver cyst
pancreatic cyst
intestinal colic
Colitis
Blood in stool
Flatulence
Mechanical jaundice
food poisoning
pancreatitis
Intestinal pneumatosis
Polyps of the stomach
Gallbladder polyps
Intestinal polyps
Postcholecystectomy syndrome
Gilbert’s syndrome
Spasm of the esophagus
Toxic hepatitis
Helicobacteriosis
Cholangitis
cholestasis
Cholecystitis
Chronic gastritis
Chronic cholecystitis
celiac disease
Cirrhosis of the liver
Enteritis
Enterocolitis
Erosive gastritis
Esophageal ulcer
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum
Ulcerative colitis

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and coronary heart disease – is there a mutual burden syndrome? | Alekseeva

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3. Mohammed S.B., Gadad A., Nayak B.S., Beharry V. Prognosis of the Midlife-Elderly from ECG Testing to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Coronary Artery Disease. J Fam Med Dis Prev. 2016;2:029.10.23937/2469-5793/1510029.

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