Can fluid in the lungs go away on its own. Pulmonary Edema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

19.07.202305.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the main causes of pulmonary edema. How can you recognize the symptoms of acute pulmonary edema. What treatment options are available for managing pulmonary edema. When should you seek immediate medical attention for pulmonary edema symptoms. How does pulmonary edema affect breathing and lung function. What are the differences between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. How can high-altitude pulmonary edema be prevented and treated.

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Understanding Pulmonary Edema: A Comprehensive Overview

Pulmonary edema is a serious medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs. This fluid buildup occurs in the alveoli, the tiny air sacs responsible for oxygen exchange, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly. The condition can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly, as it significantly impairs breathing and oxygen absorption.

There are two main types of pulmonary edema:

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema: Caused by heart problems
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema: Caused by factors unrelated to the heart

Understanding the underlying causes and recognizing the symptoms of pulmonary edema is crucial for timely intervention and effective treatment.

Causes of Pulmonary Edema: From Heart Issues to Environmental Factors

The causes of pulmonary edema can vary widely, depending on whether it’s cardiogenic or noncardiogenic. Identifying the root cause is essential for determining the appropriate treatment approach.

Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is primarily caused by heart problems that affect the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. Some common causes include:

Congestive heart failure
Heart attack
Cardiomyopathy
Severe hypertension
Valvular heart disease

Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema can result from various factors unrelated to heart function, such as:

Pneumonia
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Inhalation of toxins
Trauma to the chest wall
Adverse drug reactions
High-altitude exposure
Near-drowning incidents

Can environmental factors contribute to pulmonary edema? Yes, exposure to high altitudes can lead to a specific type of pulmonary edema known as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). This condition affects individuals who rapidly ascend to elevations above 8,000 feet without proper acclimatization.

Recognizing the Symptoms: Acute vs. Chronic Pulmonary Edema

The symptoms of pulmonary edema can vary depending on whether it develops suddenly (acute) or gradually over time (chronic). Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for seeking timely medical attention.

Acute Pulmonary Edema Symptoms

Acute pulmonary edema is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Symptoms may include:

Severe shortness of breath
Feeling of suffocation or drowning
Wheezing or gasping for air
Coughing up pink, frothy sputum
Rapid, irregular heartbeat
Anxiety and restlessness
Cold, clammy skin
Bluish or grayish skin color (cyanosis)

Chronic Pulmonary Edema Symptoms

Chronic pulmonary edema develops more gradually and may present with the following symptoms:

Difficulty breathing during physical activity
Shortness of breath when lying flat
Fatigue and weakness
Persistent cough
Swelling in the legs and feet
Rapid weight gain
Wheezing

How can you differentiate between acute and chronic pulmonary edema symptoms? Acute symptoms typically come on suddenly and are more severe, while chronic symptoms develop gradually and may worsen over time.

High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): A Special Consideration

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a specific form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that can affect individuals traveling to or exercising at high altitudes. Understanding the symptoms and risk factors of HAPE is crucial for prevention and early intervention.

Symptoms of HAPE

HAPE symptoms often resemble those of acute pulmonary edema and may include:

Headache (often the first symptom)
Shortness of breath, initially with activity and progressing to rest
Decreased exercise tolerance
Dry cough, which may progress to produce frothy or bloody sputum
Rapid heartbeat
Weakness and fatigue
Chest discomfort
Low-grade fever

Why do HAPE symptoms tend to worsen at night? This phenomenon is likely due to the natural decrease in respiratory rate and depth during sleep, which can exacerbate the effects of reduced oxygen availability at high altitudes.

Diagnosing Pulmonary Edema: Medical Evaluation and Tests

Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary edema is essential for determining the appropriate treatment approach. Healthcare providers use a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of pulmonary edema and identify its underlying cause.

Physical Examination

During a physical exam, the doctor may:

Listen to the lungs for crackling sounds (rales)
Check for swelling in the legs and feet
Examine the neck veins for signs of fluid overload
Assess heart rate and rhythm

Diagnostic Tests

Various diagnostic tests may be performed to confirm pulmonary edema and determine its cause:

Chest X-ray: To visualize fluid in the lungs
Echocardiogram: To assess heart function and structure
Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect heart rhythm abnormalities
Blood tests: To check for markers of heart failure or infection
Pulse oximetry: To measure blood oxygen levels
CT scan or MRI: For more detailed imaging of the lungs and heart

How do healthcare providers differentiate between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema? They consider the patient’s medical history, physical examination findings, and results of diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Treatment Approaches: Managing Pulmonary Edema

The treatment of pulmonary edema focuses on addressing the underlying cause while providing supportive care to improve oxygenation and reduce fluid buildup in the lungs. The specific treatment approach depends on whether the pulmonary edema is cardiogenic or noncardiogenic.

Acute Pulmonary Edema Treatment

For acute pulmonary edema, immediate interventions may include:

Supplemental oxygen therapy
Positioning the patient upright to ease breathing
Medications to reduce fluid buildup and improve heart function
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or mechanical ventilation if needed

Chronic Pulmonary Edema Management

Long-term management of chronic pulmonary edema may involve:

Medications to treat underlying heart conditions
Diuretics to remove excess fluid
Lifestyle modifications, such as reducing salt intake and managing weight
Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers

HAPE Treatment

Treatment for high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) typically includes:

Immediate descent to lower altitude
Supplemental oxygen
Medications to reduce pulmonary artery pressure
Use of a portable hyperbaric chamber in some cases

Can pulmonary edema resolve on its own? In some cases of mild noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, the condition may improve without specific treatment. However, most cases require medical intervention to address the underlying cause and manage symptoms effectively.

Prevention Strategies: Reducing the Risk of Pulmonary Edema

While not all cases of pulmonary edema can be prevented, certain strategies can help reduce the risk of developing this condition, particularly for individuals with known risk factors.

General Prevention Tips

Manage underlying heart conditions effectively
Control blood pressure and cholesterol levels
Maintain a healthy weight
Exercise regularly, as recommended by your healthcare provider
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
Follow a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fats and sodium

Preventing HAPE

For individuals traveling to high altitudes, the following precautions can help prevent HAPE:

Ascend gradually to allow for proper acclimatization
Avoid overexertion during the first few days at high altitude
Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol
Consider preventive medications as recommended by a healthcare provider
Descend immediately if symptoms of altitude sickness develop

How effective are prevention strategies in reducing the risk of pulmonary edema? While prevention strategies can significantly lower the risk, they cannot guarantee complete protection. Regular medical check-ups and prompt attention to any concerning symptoms remain crucial for early detection and management of pulmonary edema.

Living with Pulmonary Edema: Long-Term Management and Quality of Life

For individuals diagnosed with chronic pulmonary edema or those recovering from an acute episode, long-term management is essential for maintaining quality of life and preventing complications. This often involves a multifaceted approach combining medical treatment, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Patients with pulmonary edema may need to make several lifestyle changes, including:

Following a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention
Monitoring and limiting fluid intake as recommended by healthcare providers
Engaging in appropriate exercise programs to improve cardiovascular health
Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke
Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling

Ongoing Medical Care

Regular medical follow-up is crucial for individuals with pulmonary edema. This may involve:

Routine check-ups to monitor heart and lung function
Adjusting medications as needed
Periodic diagnostic tests to assess disease progression or improvement
Participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs, if appropriate

Emotional Support and Education

Living with pulmonary edema can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. Support and education play vital roles in long-term management:

Joining support groups for individuals with heart or lung conditions
Learning about the condition and its management through patient education programs
Discussing concerns and challenges with healthcare providers
Involving family members in the care plan for additional support

How can patients with pulmonary edema maintain a good quality of life? By adhering to treatment plans, making necessary lifestyle changes, and actively participating in their care, many individuals with pulmonary edema can lead fulfilling lives while managing their condition effectively.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Pulmonary Edema Management

The field of pulmonary edema research continues to evolve, with ongoing studies aimed at improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. These advancements offer hope for better outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.

Diagnostic Innovations

Researchers are exploring new diagnostic tools and techniques, including:

Advanced imaging technologies for earlier detection of pulmonary edema
Biomarkers to differentiate between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Portable devices for rapid assessment of lung fluid content

Novel Treatment Approaches

Emerging treatment strategies under investigation include:

Gene therapy targeting specific molecular pathways involved in pulmonary edema
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for more targeted therapies
Stem cell treatments to promote lung tissue repair and regeneration

Prevention and Risk Prediction

Ongoing research is focused on developing better tools for predicting and preventing pulmonary edema, such as:

Genetic testing to identify individuals at higher risk
Artificial intelligence algorithms for early detection of warning signs
Novel pharmacological agents for prevention in high-risk populations

What potential impact could these emerging research areas have on pulmonary edema management? These advancements could lead to more personalized treatment approaches, earlier intervention, and improved long-term outcomes for patients with pulmonary edema. However, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate the safety and efficacy of these emerging strategies before they can be widely implemented in clinical practice.

As our understanding of pulmonary edema continues to grow, healthcare providers and patients alike can look forward to more effective management strategies and improved quality of life for those affected by this challenging condition. Staying informed about the latest developments and working closely with healthcare teams remains crucial for optimal care and outcomes in pulmonary edema management.

Pulmonary edema – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the many air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

In most cases, heart problems cause pulmonary edema. But fluid can collect in the lungs for other reasons. These include pneumonia, contact with certain toxins, medications, trauma to the chest wall, and traveling to or exercising at high elevations.

Pulmonary edema that develops suddenly (acute pulmonary edema) is a medical emergency that needs immediate care. Pulmonary edema can sometimes cause death. Prompt treatment might help. Treatment for pulmonary edema depends on the cause but generally includes additional oxygen and medications.

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Symptoms

Pulmonary edema symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over time. Symptoms depend on the type of pulmonary edema.

Sudden (acute) pulmonary edema symptoms

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) or extreme shortness of breath that worsens with activity or when lying down
A feeling of suffocating or drowning that worsens when lying down
A cough that produces frothy sputum that may have blood in it
A rapid, irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Anxiety, restlessness or a feeling that something bad is about to happen
Cold, clammy skin
Wheezing or gasping for breath

Long-term (chronic) pulmonary edema signs and symptoms

Awakening at night with a cough or breathless feeling that may be relieved by sitting up
Difficulty breathing with activity or when lying flat
Fatigue
More shortness of breath than usual when you’re physically active
New or worsening cough
Rapid weight gain
Swelling in the legs and feet
Wheezing

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) signs and symptoms

high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can occur in adults and children who travel to or exercise at high altitudes. Symptoms are similar to those that occur with acute pulmonary edema and can include:

Headache, which may be the first symptom
Shortness of breath with activity, which becomes shortness of breath at rest
Not being able to exercise as much as you once could
Dry cough, at first
Later, a cough that produces frothy sputum that may look pink or have blood in it
A very fast heartbeat (tachycardia)
Weakness
Chest pain
Low fever

Symptoms of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) tend to get worse at night.

When to see a doctor

Pulmonary edema that comes on suddenly (acute pulmonary edema) is life-threatening. Call 911 or emergency medical help if you have any of the following acute symptoms:

Shortness of breath, especially if it comes on suddenly
Trouble breathing or a feeling of suffocating (dyspnea)
A bubbly, wheezing or gasping sound when breathing
Coughing up phlegm that looks pink or has blood in it
Breathing difficulty with a lot of sweating
A blue or gray color to the skin
Confusion
A big drop in blood pressure that causes lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or sweating
A sudden worsening of any of pulmonary edema symptoms

Don’t drive yourself to the hospital. Instead, call 911 or emergency medical care and wait for help.

Causes

The causes of pulmonary edema vary. Pulmonary edema falls into two categories, depending on where the problem starts.

If a heart problem causes the pulmonary edema, it’s called cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Most often, the fluid buildup in the lungs is due to a heart condition.
If pulmonary edema is not heart related, it’s called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Sometimes, pulmonary edema can be caused by both a heart problem and a nonheart problem.

Understanding the relationship between the lungs and the heart can help explain why pulmonary edema may occur.

How the lungs work

Lungs contain many small, elastic air sacs called alveoli. With each breath, these air sacs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Typically, this exchange of gases occurs without problems.

But sometimes, the alveoli fill with fluid instead of air. This keeps the bloodstream from taking in oxygen.

How the heart works

The typical heart is made of two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers (the right and left atria) receive incoming blood and pump it into the lower chambers (right and left ventricles). The lower chambers pump blood out of the heart.

Typically, blood without oxygen from all over the body enters the right atrium then the right ventricle. From there it’s pumped through large blood vessels (pulmonary arteries) to the lungs. There, the blood releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen as it flows by the alveoli.

The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. It then flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Finally, it leaves the heart through the body’s main artery (aorta).

The heart valves keep blood flowing in the right direction. The aortic valve keeps the blood from flowing backward into the heart. From the aorta, the blood travels to the rest of the body.

Chambers and valves of the heart

A typical heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart. The heart valves, which keep blood flowing in the right direction, are gates at the chamber openings.

Heart-related (cardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by increased pressures in the heart.

It’s usually a result of heart failure. When a diseased or overworked left lower heart chamber (left ventricle) can’t pump out enough of the blood it gets from the lungs, pressures in the heart go up. The increased pressure pushes fluid through the blood vessel walls into the air sacs.

Medical conditions that can cause heart failure and lead to pulmonary edema include:

Coronary artery disease. Over time, the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle can become narrow from fatty deposits (plaques). A slow narrowing of the coronary arteries can weaken the left ventricle.
Sometimes, a blood clot forms in one of these narrowed arteries. The clot blocks blood flow and damages part of the heart muscle, resulting in a heart attack. A damaged heart muscle can no longer pump as well as it should.
Cardiomyopathy. This term means heart muscle damage. With cardiomyopathy, the heart must pump harder, and pressures rise. Then the heart might not be able to work harder when needed, such as during exercise or with an infection or a rise in blood pressure. When the left ventricle can’t keep up with the demands that are placed on it, fluid backs up into the lungs.
Heart valve problems. Narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic or mitral heart valves or a valve that leaks or doesn’t close properly affects blood flow into the heart. A valve leak that develops suddenly might cause sudden and severe pulmonary edema.
High blood pressure (hypertension). Untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure can enlarge the heart.
Other heart problems. Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), heart problems present at birth (congenital heart defects) and irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) also may cause pulmonary edema.
Kidney disease. High blood pressure due to narrowed kidney arteries (renal artery stenosis) or fluid buildup due to kidney disease can cause pulmonary edema.
Chronic health conditions. Thyroid disease and a buildup of iron (hemochromatosis) or protein (amyloidosis) also may contribute to heart failure and cause pulmonary edema.

Non-heart-related (noncardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema that is not caused by increased pressures in the heart is called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema include:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This serious disorder occurs when the lungs suddenly fill with fluid. Many conditions can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including severe injury (trauma), widespread infection (sepsis), pneumonia and severe bleeding.
Drug reaction or drug overdose. Many drugs — ranging from aspirin to illegal drugs such as heroin and cocaine — are known to cause pulmonary edema.
Blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). A blood clot moving from the blood vessels in the legs to the lungs can cause pulmonary edema.
Exposure to certain toxins. Inhaling toxins or breathing in some stomach contents when vomiting (aspiration) causes intense irritation of the small airways and air sacs, resulting in fluid buildup.
High altitudes. Pulmonary edema has been seen in mountain climbers, skiers, hikers and other people who travel to high elevations, usually above 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters). High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) generally occurs in those who don’t take the days or weeks needed to become used to the elevation. But people who live at high altitudes can get HAPE with no elevation change if they have a respiratory illness.
Near drowning. Inhaling water causes fluid buildup in the lungs.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema. A blocked upper airway causes negative pressure in the lungs from trying to breathe through the blockage. With treatment, most people with this type of pulmonary edema recover in about 24 hours.
Nervous system conditions or surgeries. A type of pulmonary edema called neurogenic pulmonary edema can occur after a head injury, seizure or brain surgery.
Smoke inhalation. Smoke from a fire contains chemicals that damage the membrane between the air sacs and the capillaries. The damage allows fluid to enter the lungs.
Transfusion-related lung injury. Blood transfusions may cause fluid overload in the left ventricle, leading to pulmonary edema.
Viral illnesses. Viruses such as the hantavirus and dengue virus can cause pulmonary edema.

High-altitude pulmonary edema

Air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. In high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), it’s believed that blood vessels in the lungs squeeze together (constrict), increasing pressure. This causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels to the lung tissues and eventually into the air sacs.

Risk factors

Heart failure and other heart conditions that raise pressure in the heart increase the risk of pulmonary edema. Risk factors for heart failure include:

Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Alcohol use
Congenital heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Diabetes
Heart valve disease
High blood pressure
Sleep apnea

Some nervous system conditions and lung damage due to near drowning, drug use, inhaling smoke, viral illnesses and blood clots also raise the risk.

People who travel to high-altitude locations above 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters) are more likely to develop high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). It usually affects those who don’t take the time — a few days to a week or more — to get used to the elevation.

Children who already have pulmonary hypertension and structural heart defects may be more likely to get HAPE.

Complications

Complications of pulmonary edema depend on the cause.

In general, if pulmonary edema continues, the pressure in the pulmonary artery can rise (pulmonary hypertension). Eventually, the heart becomes weak and begins to fail, and pressures in the heart and lungs go up.

Pulmonary edema complications may include:

Breathing difficulty
Swelling of the legs, feet and belly area
Buildup of fluid in the membranes that surround the lungs (pleural effusion)
Congestion and swelling of the liver

Immediate treatment is necessary for acute pulmonary edema to prevent death.

Prevention

You may be able to prevent pulmonary edema by managing existing heart or lung conditions and following a healthy lifestyle.

For example, controlling cholesterol and blood pressure can help lower the risk of heart disease. Follow these tips to keep your heart healthy:

Eat a healthy diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy, and a variety of proteins.
Don’t smoke.
Get regular exercise.
Limit salt and alcohol.
Manage stress.
Manage weight.

Preventing high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

To prevent HAPE, gradually ascend to high elevations. Although recommendations vary, most experts advise increasing elevation no more than 1,000 to 1,200 feet (about 300 to 360 meters) a day once you reach 8,200 feet (about 2,500 meters).

Some climbers take prescription medications such as acetazolamide or nifedipine (Procardia) to help prevent symptoms of HAPE. To prevent HAPE, start taking the medication at least one day before ascent. Ask your health care provider how long you need to take the medication after you’ve arrived at your high-altitude destination.

Pulmonary edema – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the many air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

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Symptoms

Pulmonary edema symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over time. Symptoms depend on the type of pulmonary edema.

Sudden (acute) pulmonary edema symptoms

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) or extreme shortness of breath that worsens with activity or when lying down
A feeling of suffocating or drowning that worsens when lying down
A cough that produces frothy sputum that may have blood in it
A rapid, irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Anxiety, restlessness or a feeling that something bad is about to happen
Cold, clammy skin
Wheezing or gasping for breath

Long-term (chronic) pulmonary edema signs and symptoms

Awakening at night with a cough or breathless feeling that may be relieved by sitting up
Difficulty breathing with activity or when lying flat
Fatigue
More shortness of breath than usual when you’re physically active
New or worsening cough
Rapid weight gain
Swelling in the legs and feet
Wheezing

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) signs and symptoms

high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can occur in adults and children who travel to or exercise at high altitudes. Symptoms are similar to those that occur with acute pulmonary edema and can include:

Headache, which may be the first symptom
Shortness of breath with activity, which becomes shortness of breath at rest
Not being able to exercise as much as you once could
Dry cough, at first
Later, a cough that produces frothy sputum that may look pink or have blood in it
A very fast heartbeat (tachycardia)
Weakness
Chest pain
Low fever

Symptoms of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) tend to get worse at night.

When to see a doctor

Pulmonary edema that comes on suddenly (acute pulmonary edema) is life-threatening. Call 911 or emergency medical help if you have any of the following acute symptoms:

Shortness of breath, especially if it comes on suddenly
Trouble breathing or a feeling of suffocating (dyspnea)
A bubbly, wheezing or gasping sound when breathing
Coughing up phlegm that looks pink or has blood in it
Breathing difficulty with a lot of sweating
A blue or gray color to the skin
Confusion
A big drop in blood pressure that causes lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or sweating
A sudden worsening of any of pulmonary edema symptoms

Don’t drive yourself to the hospital. Instead, call 911 or emergency medical care and wait for help.

Causes

The causes of pulmonary edema vary. Pulmonary edema falls into two categories, depending on where the problem starts.

If a heart problem causes the pulmonary edema, it’s called cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Most often, the fluid buildup in the lungs is due to a heart condition.
If pulmonary edema is not heart related, it’s called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Sometimes, pulmonary edema can be caused by both a heart problem and a nonheart problem.

Understanding the relationship between the lungs and the heart can help explain why pulmonary edema may occur.

How the lungs work

Lungs contain many small, elastic air sacs called alveoli. With each breath, these air sacs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Typically, this exchange of gases occurs without problems.

But sometimes, the alveoli fill with fluid instead of air. This keeps the bloodstream from taking in oxygen.

How the heart works

The heart valves keep blood flowing in the right direction. The aortic valve keeps the blood from flowing backward into the heart. From the aorta, the blood travels to the rest of the body.

Chambers and valves of the heart

Heart-related (cardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by increased pressures in the heart.

Medical conditions that can cause heart failure and lead to pulmonary edema include:

Coronary artery disease. Over time, the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle can become narrow from fatty deposits (plaques). A slow narrowing of the coronary arteries can weaken the left ventricle.
Sometimes, a blood clot forms in one of these narrowed arteries. The clot blocks blood flow and damages part of the heart muscle, resulting in a heart attack. A damaged heart muscle can no longer pump as well as it should.
Cardiomyopathy. This term means heart muscle damage. With cardiomyopathy, the heart must pump harder, and pressures rise. Then the heart might not be able to work harder when needed, such as during exercise or with an infection or a rise in blood pressure. When the left ventricle can’t keep up with the demands that are placed on it, fluid backs up into the lungs.
Heart valve problems. Narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic or mitral heart valves or a valve that leaks or doesn’t close properly affects blood flow into the heart. A valve leak that develops suddenly might cause sudden and severe pulmonary edema.
High blood pressure (hypertension). Untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure can enlarge the heart.
Other heart problems. Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), heart problems present at birth (congenital heart defects) and irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) also may cause pulmonary edema.
Kidney disease. High blood pressure due to narrowed kidney arteries (renal artery stenosis) or fluid buildup due to kidney disease can cause pulmonary edema.
Chronic health conditions. Thyroid disease and a buildup of iron (hemochromatosis) or protein (amyloidosis) also may contribute to heart failure and cause pulmonary edema.

Non-heart-related (noncardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema that is not caused by increased pressures in the heart is called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema include:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This serious disorder occurs when the lungs suddenly fill with fluid. Many conditions can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including severe injury (trauma), widespread infection (sepsis), pneumonia and severe bleeding.
Drug reaction or drug overdose. Many drugs — ranging from aspirin to illegal drugs such as heroin and cocaine — are known to cause pulmonary edema.
Blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). A blood clot moving from the blood vessels in the legs to the lungs can cause pulmonary edema.
Exposure to certain toxins. Inhaling toxins or breathing in some stomach contents when vomiting (aspiration) causes intense irritation of the small airways and air sacs, resulting in fluid buildup.
High altitudes. Pulmonary edema has been seen in mountain climbers, skiers, hikers and other people who travel to high elevations, usually above 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters). High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) generally occurs in those who don’t take the days or weeks needed to become used to the elevation. But people who live at high altitudes can get HAPE with no elevation change if they have a respiratory illness.
Near drowning. Inhaling water causes fluid buildup in the lungs.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema. A blocked upper airway causes negative pressure in the lungs from trying to breathe through the blockage. With treatment, most people with this type of pulmonary edema recover in about 24 hours.
Nervous system conditions or surgeries. A type of pulmonary edema called neurogenic pulmonary edema can occur after a head injury, seizure or brain surgery.
Smoke inhalation. Smoke from a fire contains chemicals that damage the membrane between the air sacs and the capillaries. The damage allows fluid to enter the lungs.
Transfusion-related lung injury. Blood transfusions may cause fluid overload in the left ventricle, leading to pulmonary edema.
Viral illnesses. Viruses such as the hantavirus and dengue virus can cause pulmonary edema.

High-altitude pulmonary edema

Risk factors

Heart failure and other heart conditions that raise pressure in the heart increase the risk of pulmonary edema. Risk factors for heart failure include:

Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Alcohol use
Congenital heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Diabetes
Heart valve disease
High blood pressure
Sleep apnea

Some nervous system conditions and lung damage due to near drowning, drug use, inhaling smoke, viral illnesses and blood clots also raise the risk.

Children who already have pulmonary hypertension and structural heart defects may be more likely to get HAPE.

Complications

Complications of pulmonary edema depend on the cause.

Pulmonary edema complications may include:

Breathing difficulty
Swelling of the legs, feet and belly area
Buildup of fluid in the membranes that surround the lungs (pleural effusion)
Congestion and swelling of the liver

Immediate treatment is necessary for acute pulmonary edema to prevent death.

Prevention

You may be able to prevent pulmonary edema by managing existing heart or lung conditions and following a healthy lifestyle.

For example, controlling cholesterol and blood pressure can help lower the risk of heart disease. Follow these tips to keep your heart healthy:

Eat a healthy diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy, and a variety of proteins.
Don’t smoke.
Get regular exercise.
Limit salt and alcohol.
Manage stress.
Manage weight.

Preventing high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

causes and treatment of pulmonary edema in Moscow, terms of treatment with a puncture of the pleural cavity

Pulmonary edema is an acute pulmonary insufficiency caused by a massive effusion of transudate into the lung tissue from the capillaries, which in turn leads to infiltration of the alveoli and disruption of the normal process of gas exchange in the lungs .

Pulmonary edema is not an independent disease, but is a consequence of other pathologies. Therefore – how to treat pulmonary edema, or rather its true cause, depends on the nature of the underlying disease.

Pulmonary edema itself is treated by intensive therapy, including the administration of diuretics, sedatives, antihypertensives, narcotic analgesics, protein drugs, cardiac glycosides, nitrates, and oxygen therapy.

Pulmonary edema is considered a serious pathological condition requiring qualified medical attention. Therefore, in case of malaise, it is important to undergo an examination and a full course of treatment.

Pulmonary edema: symptoms, signs, treatment

Pathology has a characteristic clinical picture, so it is not difficult to diagnose it. The main symptoms of pulmonary edema are:

chest pain, as well as a feeling of squeezing, that is, the patient does not have enough oxygen. It is difficult for him to inhale and exhale air;
frequent short and loud breathing;
cyanosis of the skin;
sudden drop in blood pressure;
cold clammy sweat;
dry cough, which, as pulmonary edema develops, gradually turns into a wet one, with the release of characteristic pink sputum.

The causes of pulmonary edema can be very diverse. Among them:

diseases of the cardiovascular system, including congenital and acquired heart defects;
chest injury;
bronchial asthma;
tuberculosis;
pneumosclerosis;
chronic bronchitis;
tumors;
certain infectious diseases;
prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxia in newborns;
renal insufficiency;
cirrhosis of the liver;
intestinal obstruction;
acute pancreatitis;
meningitis, encephalitis and brain surgery;
poisoning with certain toxic substances;
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and others.

In case of accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, treatment, first of all, is reduced to the removal of edema in the shortest possible time. After conducting intensive therapy directly to the pulmonary edema itself, the patient is prescribed a course of therapy aimed at combating the disease that provoked it.

Lung fluid in oncology

Lung fluid in cancer is a fairly common symptom in advanced stages. Lung cancer is one of the most common diagnoses in the structure of oncopathology. With early diagnosis and timely treatment, the prognosis improves, but mortality in this pathology is still at a fairly high level.

Symptoms of fluid accumulation in lung cancer:

Shortness of breath at rest, worse with minimal exertion;
Feeling of discomfort and heaviness in the chest;
Pale bluish skin;
Violent hacking cough;
In case of pulmonary edema, frothy sputum with a pink tint due to leakage of blood cells;
Pain on the side of the affected lung.

The problem of fluid accumulation is that the lungs cannot perform their functions, and the patient feels an acute lack of air. The reason for this may be:

Metastasis to the thoracic lymph nodes, and as a result, a violation of the lymphatic outflow;
With exophytic growth of the tumor in the lumen of the bronchus, the pressure in the pleural cavity gradually decreases, which contributes to the accumulation of fluid;
Due to increased penetration of pleural sheets;
Due to decreased oncotic pressure due to protein loss;
As complications after applicable treatments, such as after radiation therapy.

Fluid in the lungs in oncology may accumulate gradually or may accumulate over several hours. In any case, this is a reason to start diagnosis and treatment.

Removal of fluid from the lungs

It is important to understand that the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity requires immediate treatment under the constant supervision of a physician. In the therapy clinic of the Yusupov hospital, the patient will be advised which doctor to contact if fluid is found in the lungs. Due to the fact that pulmonary edema is not an independent pathology, but develops as a consequence of the underlying disease, the treatment program is developed by a specialized specialist – a cardiologist, oncologist, pulmonologist, gynecologist, otolaryngologist, gastroenterologist. It all depends on the nature of the underlying pathology.

If pulmonary edema occurs due to acute heart failure, the patient is prescribed mild diuretics that are effective for edema, as well as heart medications. Hypoxia is reduced by oxygen inhalations.

When is evacuation of fluid from the lungs indicated and what are its consequences? Normally, a healthy person has about 2 ml of fluid in this area. If its volume increases to 10 ml, then a therapeutic effect is necessary.

Removal of fluid by puncture leads to the restoration of the normal breathing process, and also makes it possible to determine its nature. For one procedure, you can remove no more than one liter of fluid.

How many times it is necessary to pump out fluid from the lungs, the doctor determines for each patient individually, depending on the patient’s condition and the results of the procedure.

The treatment of pulmonary edema is a complex process that must be carried out under the constant supervision of a physician. In the Yusupov hospital, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis or in a hospital, depending on the available indications. In no case should you ignore the symptoms of pathology and expect that your health will improve on its own. Negligent attitude to the problem can cost lives.

You can make an appointment at the Yusupov Hospital by phone or via the feedback form on the website.

What is the name of the disease in which fluid accumulates in the lungs?

Contents

1 Pleural effusion: what is it and why does it occur in the lungs?
- 1.1 What is fluid accumulation in the lungs?
- 1. 2 Causes of fluid in the lungs
- 1.3 What are the symptoms of fluid in the lungs?
- 1.4 Diagnosis of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.5 Complications of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.6 Treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.7 Medical treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.8 Rehabilitation procedures for fluid accumulation in the lungs
  - 1.8.1 Treatment of the problem through lung drainage
  - 1.8.2 Physiotherapy exercises to treat the problem
  - 1.8.3 Scaling the problem with drugs
- 1.9 How can I prevent fluid from building up in my lungs?
- 1.10 Home care for someone with fluid in the lungs
- 1.11 Where can I get qualified medical help if I have fluid in my lungs?
- 1.12 Related videos:
- 1.13 Q&A:
  - - 1.13.0.1 What is fluid in the lungs?
    - 1.13.0.2 What type of disease causes fluid to accumulate in the lungs?
    - 1. 13.0.3 What are the symptoms of fluid accumulation in the lungs?
    - 1.13.0.4 How is accumulation of fluid in the lungs diagnosed?
    - 1.13.0.5 How is fluid accumulation in the lungs treated?
    - 1.13.0.6 What are the consequences of fluid accumulation in the lungs?

Find out what is a disease in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, what causes it and what symptoms accompany this pathology. What methods of treatment are used for such a disease and what preventive measures will help to avoid it.

During pathological processes in the body, a disease can occur when fluid accumulates in the lungs. This condition is called pleural effusion. Such a disease can be caused by various causes and have different health consequences.

Pleural effusion is not an independent disease, but only a symptom of a pathological process in the body. A variety of reasons can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, including chronic diseases, infections, injuries, and tumors.

In order to properly diagnose and treat pleural effusion, the underlying cause must be identified. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatments for pleural effusion.

What is fluid accumulation in the lungs?

Fluid accumulation in the lungs, also known as pulmonary edema, is a medical condition in which fluid begins to accumulate in the lung tissue. This can occur due to various diseases and conditions such as heart failure, bronchitis, pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, and others.

Treatment for fluid in the lungs depends on the cause. Doctors usually prescribe diuretics, drugs that help remove excess fluid from the body. In some cases, surgery or other treatments may be required.

Advice: If you have symptoms of fluid in your lungs such as cough, shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Causes of fluid accumulation in the lungs

China-like disease – this disease often causes accumulation of fluid in the lungs. China-like disease is a rare genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of blood vessels in the lungs. Because of this, blood cannot pass freely through the vessels, and fluid begins to accumulate in the lungs.

Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood. In addition, fluid accumulation in the lungs is often observed due to age-related changes in the heart and blood vessels, obesity, arterial hypertension and diabetes.

Acute and chronic bronchitis – Hypothermia and infections of the upper respiratory tract can lead to acute or chronic bronchitis, and increase the chance of fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Other possible causes of fluid in the lungs are: lung infections, chest trauma, alcohol, drug or substance abuse, allergic reactions, and some types of cancer.

What are the symptoms of fluid accumulation in the lungs?

One of the main symptoms of fluid accumulation in the lungs is a cough. Most often it is not accompanied by discharge, and experts describe it as drier. The cough may be worse at night and in the morning when the patient is lying down.

Another noticeable symptom of fluid accumulation in the lungs is fatigue. The patient may tire quickly with exertion, have difficulty moving, and exhale quickly. Shortness of breath, chest tightness, and noisy breathing may also occur.

Pay attention to changes in urine. If it has become less voluminous and more saturated in color, this may indicate the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Patients may also experience leg swelling, chest pain, and excessive sweating.

If you notice one or more of these symptoms, see your doctor. Treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs requires an integrated approach and the appointment of individual therapy based on the causes of this condition.

Diagnosis of Fluid in the Lungs

Fluid in the lungs can lead to serious consequences, including respiratory failure and heart problems. For the timely detection of this disease, it is necessary to undergo regular medical examinations and monitor your health.

Blood tests for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, as well as electrocardiography (ECG) and other additional tests, may be performed to further assess the patient’s condition.

When fluid buildup is detected in the lungs, doctors will prescribe appropriate therapy, which may include medication, as well as lung drainage to remove the accumulated fluid. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible when the corresponding symptoms appear in order to avoid serious complications and maintain health.

Complications of fluid accumulation in the lungs

Pneumothorax is one of the possible complications in which air accumulates in the pleural cavity and leads to compression of the lungs, which can lead to their collapse.

Pleural empyema is a purulent inflammation of the pleural cavity that can develop as a result of fluid accumulation in the lungs. It is necessary to immediately begin treatment with antibiotics and, if necessary, drainage of the pleural cavity with the removal of purulent contents.

Pulmonary Fibrosis – In some cases, the accumulation of fluid in the lungs can cause an extensive fibrotic reaction with the formation of connective tissue in the lungs. This can lead to a violation of the functions of the body and even to its complete unsuitability.

Hypoxia – When the areas of the lungs in close proximity to the fluid that accumulates do not receive enough oxygen, this can lead to hypoxia (decrease in the level of oxygen in the blood) and complicate the general condition of the patient.

Infected insect bite – If fluid builds up in the lungs, there is a risk of infection by an infected insect, which can also lead to other diseases.

Breathing difficulties – regardless of the cause of the accumulation of fluid, it can lead to breathing difficulties, a deterioration in the quality of life and a complication of the general condition of the patient.

Treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs

A disease in which fluid accumulates in the lungs is called pneumophorax. Its treatment depends on the cause and degree of development of the disease.

In addition, it is important to monitor the patient’s respiratory function and, if necessary, prescribe oxygen therapy. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove excess fluid or regulate breathing function.

It is important to see a doctor in time and not delay treatment.
Patients should follow their doctor’s orders, take their medications correctly, and control their breathing.
In the presence of chronic diseases and disorders in the functioning of the lungs, it is necessary to carefully monitor your health and undergo regular examinations.

With correct and timely treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs, it is possible to achieve complete recovery and prevent complications.

Medications for Fluid in the Lungs

Fluid in the lungs can be caused by a variety of things, from heart failure to infections and cancer. The treatment for this condition depends on its cause.

One of the most common medical treatments for fluid in the lungs is diuretics. These drugs increase the excretion of fluid from the body by the kidneys, reducing its accumulation in the lungs. Depending on the severity of the condition and the individual patient, different types of diuretics may be used.

If fluid builds up in the lungs due to infection, antibiotics may be used. They will help destroy the infectious agent and reduce inflammation, which in turn will help reduce fluid buildup.

For more serious cases of lung cancer or drug abuse, treatment may include chemotherapy or surgery to remove fluid buildup.

Diuretics – drugs that increase the excretion of fluid from the body.
Cardio-improving drugs are drugs that improve circulation and reduce swelling.
Antibiotics are medicines used to treat infectious diseases.
Chemotherapy and surgery are treatments for more severe cases of fluid in the lungs.

Rehabilitation procedures for fluid accumulation in the lungs

Treating the problem with a lung drain

A lung drain is a procedure used to remove accumulated fluid in the lungs with a needle or tube inserted into the chest. This procedure helps to improve respiratory function and reduce the discomfort caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. However, it is only performed in a hospital and may not be safe, so it must be prescribed by a doctor.

Physiotherapy exercises for the treatment of problem

Certain exercises to increase lung capacity and strengthen the muscles of the respiratory system can help with fluid retention in the lungs. Warm-ups with specialized devices such as pulmonators are also considered effective in the treatment of such diseases. It is important that these exercises are prescribed by a specialist and monitored during execution to avoid possible complications.

Scaling the problem with drugs

Some medicines can help relieve fluid buildup in the lungs, such as diuretics and bronchodilators. Diuretics are used to remove excess fluid from the body, and bronchodilators help open the bronchi and reduce associated diseases such as obstructive pulmonary disease. Certain medications can have side effects, so their use should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

How can I prevent fluid buildup in my lungs?

Fluid buildup in the lungs can result from a variety of conditions, including heart failure, pneumonia, and lung cancer. It is important to know that the main preventive measure is the prevention of the underlying disease.

However, there are a few additional steps you can take to help reduce the risk of fluid buildup in your lungs:

Do not smoke. Smoking increases the risk of many diseases, including lung cancer and pneumonia.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eat nutritious foods, get regular exercise, maintain a healthy weight, and control your cholesterol and blood pressure.
Maintain personal hygiene. Wash your hands, wear a respirator if you have SARS, and avoid contact with people who have TB.

It is important to understand that if you have a high risk of developing a condition that can cause fluid to build up in your lungs, discuss this with your doctor. He may recommend additional prophylaxis or examination.

Helpful Hints

Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day to stay hydrated.

Get regular medical check-ups and follow your doctor’s recommendations for a healthy lifestyle.

Home care for a person with fluid in the lungs

Fluid in the lungs is a serious disease that requires complex treatment and constant medical supervision.

However, some patient care measures can be taken at home to alleviate the patient’s condition and make the treatment process more effective.

Monitor the patient’s condition: regularly measure temperature, pressure, pulse, record the results and report to the doctor.
Provide comfortable conditions: maintain optimal room temperature and humidity, provide fresh air, provide a comfortable bed and pillows for a comfortable sleep of the patient.
Drinking habits: Give the patient water or other fluids regularly as directed by the physician.
Monitor nutrition: provide the patient with a diet appropriate for his condition and the doctor’s recommendations.
Breathing exercises: Regular breathing exercises to improve lung function.

Do not forget that it is important not only to support and help the patient, but also to follow the doctor’s instructions and not make any independent decisions in the treatment of the disease.

Where can you get qualified medical help if you have fluid in your lungs?

Fluid buildup in the lungs can be a dangerous condition requiring immediate medical attention. If you notice coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or other signs associated with fluid in your lungs, contact your healthcare provider right away.

If you cannot get advice from your doctor, consult a neurologist or a general practitioner. These professionals can make recommendations or make appointments to help you manage your condition.

If you have acute symptoms such as difficulty breathing or chest pain, you may need emergency care. In this case, contact an ambulance or call an ambulance.

In any case, if fluid builds up in the lungs, professional medical attention should be sought to diagnose and treat the problem. Don’t put off seeing a doctor until tomorrow because your health and life may depend on it.

Q&A:

What is fluid in the lungs?

Fluid in the lungs is a medical condition where fluid builds up in the lungs.