Can Topamax cause headaches as a side effect. How does Topamax affect migraine prevention. What are the common and serious side effects of Topamax. How to manage Topamax side effects effectively.

Understanding Topamax: Uses and Key Information

Topamax, with its active ingredient topiramate, is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily for two purposes: preventing migraine headaches and treating epilepsy in certain individuals. Available in oral tablet and capsule forms, Topamax is typically prescribed for long-term use when deemed effective by both patient and physician.

Key facts about Topamax include:

• Drug class: Anticonvulsant
• Active ingredient: Topiramate
• Available forms: Oral tablets and capsules
• Primary uses: Migraine prevention and epilepsy treatment

Common Side Effects of Topamax: What to Expect

While Topamax can be effective in treating its intended conditions, it may also cause various side effects. The prevalence and nature of these side effects can differ based on the condition being treated.

Common Side Effects in Epilepsy Treatment

For individuals taking Topamax to manage epilepsy, common side effects include:

• Paresthesia (feelings of burning or numbness in hands and feet)
• Decreased appetite
• Weight loss
• Speech difficulties
• Fatigue

Common Side Effects in Migraine Prevention

When used for migraine prevention, Topamax may cause:

• Paresthesia
• Appetite suppression
• Weight loss
• Memory issues
• Altered taste perception

Do these side effects persist indefinitely? Most side effects of Topamax are temporary, typically lasting a few days to weeks. However, if they persist, become bothersome, or severe, it’s crucial to consult with your healthcare provider.

Mild Side Effects of Topamax: Managing the Discomfort

In addition to the more common side effects, Topamax can cause a range of mild side effects. These may include:

• Dizziness
• Sleepiness
• Nervousness
• Slowed reaction time
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Abdominal pain
• Hair loss

Is it safe to drive while taking Topamax? Some side effects, such as dizziness and slowed reaction time, can impair your ability to drive or operate machinery safely. It’s advisable to avoid these activities until you understand how Topamax affects you personally.

Serious Side Effects of Topamax: When to Seek Medical Attention

While less common, Topamax can potentially cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. These include:

Hyperthermia

Symptoms of hyperthermia may include:

• Abnormally high body temperature
• Heat intolerance
• Decreased sweating, especially in hot weather

Metabolic Acidosis

Signs of metabolic acidosis can manifest as:

• Changes in heart rate
• Cognitive difficulties
• Unusual fatigue
• Loss of appetite

Serious Skin Reactions

Severe skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, may present with:

• Body aches
• Difficulty swallowing
• Fever
• Skin pain and peeling, with or without blisters

Hyperammonemia

Elevated blood ammonia levels can lead to brain swelling, with symptoms such as:

• Coordination problems
• Headaches
• Irritability
• Seizures
• Vomiting

Kidney Stones

Symptoms of kidney stones may include:

• Blood in urine
• Nausea and vomiting
• Painful urination
• Sharp pain in the back or lower abdomen

When should you seek emergency medical care while taking Topamax? If you experience symptoms that seem life-threatening or indicative of a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.

Topamax and Headaches: Unraveling the Paradox

Given that Topamax is prescribed to prevent migraines, it might seem counterintuitive that it could potentially cause headaches. However, like many medications, Topamax can have paradoxical effects in some individuals.

Can Topamax actually trigger headaches? While not listed as a common side effect, some patients have reported experiencing headaches while taking Topamax. This could be due to various factors:

• Initial adjustment period: As the body adapts to the medication, temporary side effects, including headaches, may occur.
• Dosage issues: Inadequate or excessive dosage might lead to breakthrough headaches or medication overuse headaches.
• Individual sensitivity: Some people may be more susceptible to certain side effects, including headaches.
• Underlying conditions: Topamax might interact with other health issues, potentially leading to headaches.

How should you handle headaches while taking Topamax? If you experience persistent or severe headaches while on Topamax, it’s crucial to consult your healthcare provider. They may adjust your dosage, recommend complementary treatments, or explore alternative medications if necessary.

Managing Topamax Side Effects: Practical Strategies

While side effects can be concerning, many can be effectively managed with proper guidance and strategies. Here are some approaches to mitigate common Topamax side effects:

Dealing with Paresthesia

To manage feelings of burning or numbness in hands and feet:

• Ensure adequate intake of potassium-rich foods
• Stay well-hydrated
• Consider vitamin B supplements (after consulting your doctor)
• Practice gentle exercises to improve circulation

Addressing Weight Loss and Appetite Changes

If experiencing significant weight loss or appetite suppression:

• Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day
• Focus on nutrient-dense, calorie-rich foods
• Consider working with a nutritionist for personalized dietary advice
• Monitor weight regularly and report significant changes to your doctor

Managing Cognitive Side Effects

To cope with memory problems or speech difficulties:

• Use memory aids like notes, alarms, or smartphone apps
• Practice cognitive exercises or games to stimulate mental acuity
• Consider speech therapy if speech problems persist
• Ensure adequate sleep and stress management

How long do Topamax side effects typically last? Most side effects are temporary and subside as your body adjusts to the medication. However, if side effects persist or worsen, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider for guidance.

Long-Term Effects of Topamax: What You Need to Know

While many side effects of Topamax are temporary, some patients may experience long-term effects that require ongoing management or monitoring. Understanding these potential long-term impacts is crucial for patients considering or currently using Topamax.

Metabolic Changes

Long-term use of Topamax may lead to:

• Sustained weight loss
• Changes in metabolism
• Potential impact on bone density

Kidney Function

Topamax can affect kidney function over time, potentially leading to:

• Increased risk of kidney stones
• Changes in urine pH
• Alterations in electrolyte balance

Cognitive Effects

Some patients report ongoing cognitive changes, including:

• Difficulty with word-finding or verbal fluency
• Mild memory impairment
• Changes in processing speed

How can long-term effects of Topamax be monitored? Regular check-ups, blood tests, and open communication with your healthcare provider are essential for monitoring and managing potential long-term effects of Topamax.

Topamax Interactions: Navigating Potential Risks

Topamax can interact with various medications, supplements, and even certain foods. Understanding these interactions is crucial for ensuring the safe and effective use of the medication.

Drug Interactions

Topamax may interact with:

• Other anticonvulsants (e.g., valproic acid, carbamazepine)
• Oral contraceptives
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• Certain diabetes medications

Supplement Interactions

Caution is advised when combining Topamax with:

• Vitamin C supplements
• Calcium supplements
• Herbal supplements that affect kidney function

Food and Beverage Interactions

Considerations for diet while on Topamax:

• Limit or avoid alcohol consumption
• Be cautious with ketogenic diets
• Maintain adequate hydration

Why is it important to inform all healthcare providers about Topamax use? Disclosing your Topamax use to all healthcare providers, including dentists and specialists, helps prevent potential drug interactions and ensures comprehensive care.

Alternatives to Topamax: Exploring Other Options

While Topamax can be effective for many patients, some may find the side effects challenging or may not achieve the desired results. In such cases, exploring alternative treatments may be necessary.

Alternative Medications for Migraine Prevention

Other options for migraine prevention include:

• Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol)
• Calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil)
• Antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, venlafaxine)
• CGRP inhibitors (e.g., erenumab, fremanezumab)

Alternative Treatments for Epilepsy

Other anticonvulsant medications and treatments may include:

• Carbamazepine
• Valproic acid
• Levetiracetam
• Vagus nerve stimulation
• Ketogenic diet (under medical supervision)

Non-Pharmacological Approaches

Complementary or alternative therapies may include:

• Acupuncture
• Biofeedback
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Lifestyle modifications (sleep hygiene, stress management)

How should you approach discussing alternative treatments with your healthcare provider? Be open about your concerns regarding Topamax, provide a clear picture of your symptoms and side effects, and express your interest in exploring other options. Your provider can help you weigh the pros and cons of different treatments based on your individual health profile.

In conclusion, while Topamax can be an effective medication for managing migraines and epilepsy, it’s crucial to be aware of its potential side effects and how to manage them. By staying informed, maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider, and being proactive about your health, you can make the most of your treatment while minimizing risks. Remember, every individual’s experience with medication can be unique, so personalized care and regular follow-ups are key to achieving the best possible outcomes.

Side effects and what to do about them

Topamax is used to prevent migraine headaches and treat epilepsy in certain people. Below, you’ll find lists of the drug’s more common, mild, and serious side effects.

Here are some fast facts on Topamax:

• Active ingredient: topiramate
• Drug class: anticonvulsant
• Drug forms: oral tablet and capsule

You’ll likely take Topamax long term if you and your doctor agree that it’s working well for you.

Like other drugs, Topamax can cause side effects. Read on to learn about potential common, mild, and serious side effects. For a general overview of Topamax, including details about its uses, see this article.

Topamax can cause certain side effects, some of which are more common than others. These side effects may be temporary, lasting a few days or weeks. However, if the side effects last longer than that, bother you, or become severe, be sure to talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

These are just a few of the more common side effects reported by people who took Topamax in clinical trials. These side effects can vary depending on which condition the drug is being used to treat.

More common side effects in people taking Topamax for epilepsy include:

• feelings of burning or numbness in your hands and feet
• appetite loss
• weight loss*
• speech problems
• fatigue

More common side effects in people taking Topamax to prevent migraine headaches include:

• feelings of burning or numbness in your hands and feet
• appetite loss
• weight loss*
• memory problems
• changes in taste*

* For more information about this side effect, see “Side effect specifics” below.

Mild side effects can occur with Topamax use. This list doesn’t include all possible mild side effects of the drug. For more information, you can refer to Topamax’s prescribing information.

Mild side effects that have been reported with Topamax include:

• burning or numbness in your hands and feet
• appetite loss
• speech problems
• fatigue
• dizziness*
• sleepiness
• nervousness
• memory problems*
• slow reaction time*
• diarrhea
• nausea
• abdominal pain
• weight loss†
• hair loss†
• changes in how things taste†

These side effects may be temporary, lasting a few days or weeks. However, if the side effects last longer than that, bother you, or become severe, be sure to talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Note: After the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves a drug, it tracks side effects of the medication. If you develop a side effect while taking Topamax and want to tell the FDA about it, visit MedWatch.

* This side effect can affect your ability to drive or safely operate machinery. You should avoid these activities until you know how Topamax affects you.
† For more information about this side effect, see “Side effect specifics” below.

Topamax may cause serious side effects. The list below may not include all possible serious side effects of the drug. For more information, you can refer to Topamax’s prescribing information.

If you develop serious side effects while taking Topamax, call your doctor right away. If the side effects seem life threatening or you think you’re having a medical emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number.

Serious side effects that have been reported and their symptoms include:

• Hyperthermia (decreased sweating and increased body temperature). Symptoms can include:
  • body temperature that’s higher than usual
  • heat intolerance
  • producing less sweat than usual, especially in hot weather
• Metabolic acidosis (increased acid levels in your blood). Symptoms can include:
  • changes in your heart rate
  • trouble thinking clearly
  • feeling more tired than usual
  • appetite loss
• Serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Symptoms can include:
  • body aches
  • trouble swallowing
  • fever
  • painful skin
  • peeling skin, with or without blisters
• High blood levels of ammonia (a waste product made by your body), which may cause swelling in your brain. Symptoms can include:
  • coordination problems
  • headache
  • irritability
  • seizures
  • vomiting
• Kidney stones. Symptoms can include:
  • blood in your urine
  • nausea and vomiting
  • painful urination
  • sharp pain in your back or lower abdomen
• Eye problems.*
• Mood changes, including suicidal thoughts.*
• Cognitive side effects.*
• Allergic reaction.*

* For more information about this side effect, see “Side effect specifics” below.
† An allergic reaction is possible after using Topamax. However, it’s not clear whether this side effect occurred in clinical trials.

Most Topamax side effects aren’t permanent, and go away with time. For example, fatigue (low energy) and feelings of burning or numbness in your hands and feet may go away as you continue taking Topamax. Your doctor may prescribe a temporary treatment to help you manage these side effects for a short period of time.

Some rare side effects caused by Topamax may require treatment to make them go away. These side effects may include kidney stones and high blood levels of ammonia (a waste product made by your body). Some side effects can cause long-term effects if they aren’t treated, such as increased pressure in your eye. Make sure to call your doctor right away if you have symptoms that are severe or bother you.

If you have side effects that won’t go away or are hard to deal with, your doctor will likely have you wean off Topamax. This should cause side effects of the drug to go away.

Topamax may cause several side effects. Here are some frequently asked questions about the drug’s side effects and their answers.

Do Topamax’s side effects vary based on which strength or dosage of the drug I’m taking?

Possibly. In clinical trials, how often certain side effects occurred varied depending on which dose of Topamax was taken.

For example, the following side effects were more likely to happen with higher doses (200 mg) of Topamax (compared with 25 mg or 50 mg, for example):

• trouble concentrating
• dizziness
• fatigue
• memory problems
• sleepiness

For details about side effects in studies, you can see Topamax’s prescribing information. You can also talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Could a missed dose of Topamax cause side effects?

No, missing a dose of Topamax shouldn’t cause side effects.

However, missing doses may cause you to have symptoms of the condition you’re using Topamax to treat. For example, missing Topamax doses could cause you to have a migraine headache. Additionally, missing too many doses of Topamax (or suddenly stopping the drug) may increase the risk of seizures.

To help make sure that you don’t miss a dose, try using a medication reminder. This can include setting an alarm or using a timer. You could also download a reminder app on your phone.

Can Topamax’s side effects vary depending on how it’s used?

It’s possible. Side effects in clinical trials were slightly different depending on whether people used the drug to treat seizures or to prevent migraine headaches. It’s important to note that the dosage of Topamax is higher for seizures than for migraine headache prevention. This may make some side effects more likely.

For a list of side effects that were more common for each of these uses, see the “More common side effects” section above. You can also see Topamax’s prescribing information or talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Learn more about some of the side effects that Topamax may cause, as well as some tips for dealing with or helping to stop side effects.

Eye problems

Although not common, Topamax can cause eye problems. These may include:

• myopia (nearsightedness)
• secondary closed-angle glaucoma (sudden increased pressure in your eye), which can lead to blindness if not treated
• decreased vision
• blurry vision

Symptoms of eye problems caused by Topamax can include:

• blurry vision
• dilated pupils (the black part of your eye being larger than usual)
• eye pain
• eye redness
• sudden decrease in vision

What you can do

Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of eye problems while taking Topamax. They’ll recommend whether you should stop taking the drug. They may also recommend that you visit an eye doctor.

In most cases, eye side effects go away if you stop taking the drug. However, you should not stop taking Topamax unless your doctor recommends this.

Mood shifts

Topamax can cause shifts or changes in mood, including suicidal thoughts. These were rare in clinical trials.

Examples of behavior and mood shifts Topamax can cause include:

• agitation
• aggression
• anxiety
• depression
• sudden mood changes
• suicidal thoughts or behaviors

Symptoms to watch for include:

• feeling agitated, aggressive, or irritable
• feeling anxious or having panic attacks
• feeling hopeless or sad
• losing interest in activities you normally enjoy
• trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

What you can do

If you have any unusual shifts in mood while taking Topamax, call your doctor right away. They may be able to suggest ways to ease your symptoms. Or they may recommend switching from Topamax to a different treatment for your condition. And if you experience suicidal thoughts, it’s important to get help right away.

Suicide prevention

If you know someone at immediate risk of self-harm, suicide, or hurting another person:

• Ask the tough question: “Are you considering suicide?”
• Listen to the person without judgment.
• Call 911 or the local emergency number, or text TALK to 741741 to communicate with a trained crisis counselor.
• Stay with the person until professional help arrives.
• Try to remove any weapons, medications, or other potentially harmful objects.

If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide, a prevention hotline can help. The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is available 24 hours a day at 988. During a crisis, people who are hard of hearing can use their preferred relay service or dial 711 then 988.

Click here for more links and local resources.

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Weight loss

It’s possible to have weight loss from taking Topamax. This side effect was somewhat common in clinical trials. (The average amount of weight lost in these studies wasn’t noted.)

What you can do

Talk with your doctor if you’re concerned about your weight while taking Topamax. They can suggest ways to maintain a weight that’s healthy for you.

Cognitive side effects

Treatment with Topamax can cause a variety of cognitive side effects. This refers to side effects that affect how you think. Some of these side effects are mild, while others can be more serious.

Cognitive side effects of Topamax can include:

• confusion
• trouble concentrating
• fatigue
• memory problems
• sleepiness
• slow reaction time
• speech problems
• mood changes (see “Mood changes” just above)

Your risk for cognitive side effects from Topamax increases if you start with a high dose, or your dose is increased quickly.

What you can do

Talk with your doctor if you experience cognitive side effects while taking Topamax. They can recommend next steps based on the symptoms you’re having. It’s important not to change your dosage of Topamax without first talking with your doctor.

Hair loss

Taking Topamax can cause hair loss as a side effect. This side effect wasn’t common in clinical trials and was only reported by people taking the drug for epilepsy. People taking Topamax to prevent migraine headaches didn’t report hair loss.

What you can do

Talk with your doctor if you have hair loss while taking Topamax. They may recommend a treatment. Or they may suggest you wean off Topamax and try a different treatment for your condition. However, you should not stop taking Topamax unless your doctor recommends this.

Changes in taste

You may have changes in your sense of taste as a result of taking Topamax. This can cause foods to taste different or bad. Or you may notice a metallic or unusual taste in your mouth.

Changes in taste was a common side effect reported by people who took Topamax for preventing migraine headaches in clinical trials. This was also reported by people taking the drug to treat epilepsy, but it was less common.

What you can do

Call your doctor if you have changes in taste while taking Topamax. They’ll likely recommend you stop taking the drug and try another treatment for your condition. However, you should not stop taking Topamax unless your doctor recommends this.

Allergic reaction

As with most drugs, Topamax can cause an allergic reaction in some people. However, it isn’t known how often this side effect may have occurred in clinical trials.

Symptoms can be mild or serious and can include:

• skin rash
• itching
• flushing
• swelling under your skin, typically in your lips, eyelids, feet, or hands
• swelling of your mouth, tongue, or throat, which can make it hard to breathe

What you can do

For mild symptoms of an allergic reaction, call your doctor right away. They may recommend ways to ease your symptoms and determine whether you should keep taking Topamax. However, if your symptoms are serious and you think you’re having a medical emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number.

For the most part, side effects of Topamax in children are similar to those in adults. These side effects are described above.

However, compared to adults, children taking Topamax may be more likely to have certain side effects, including:

• upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold
• ear infections
• cough
• fever
• hyperthermia (decreased sweating and increased body temperature), which may require treatment in a hospital

It’s important to keep an eye on your child in hot weather. If they have a high temperature or if they sweat less than usual, call their doctor right away. A high temperature for children ages 2 years and older is above 99.5°F (37.5°C).

Children are less likely than adults to experience the following side effects from Topamax:

• trouble concentrating
• slow reaction time
• speech problems

Also, children taking Topamax may experience decreased bone mineral density (BMD). BMD describes how strong the bones are. Having reduced BMD could indicate that you have weakened bones.

In addition, weight and height may be affected in children taking Topamax. This is because the drug can cause reduced growth in children. In clinical trials, reduced growth was more commonly seen among children ages 6 to 9 years. If Topamax is taken by a child, their doctor will monitor their growth.

Talk with your child’s doctor, or a pharmacist, if you have questions about Topamax’s side effects in children.

Be sure to talk with your doctor about your health history before you take Topamax. This drug may not be the right treatment for you if you have certain medical conditions or other factors that affect your health. The conditions and factors to consider include:

Bone problems, such as osteoporosis. In rare cases, Topamax can cause metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood). If untreated, this condition can lead to bone problems, including osteoporosis (weakened bones). You may be at higher risk of bone complications from metabolic acidosis if you already have bone problems. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Breathing or lung problems. If you have breathing problems or lung problems, you may be at increased risk of metabolic acidosis if you take Topamax. These problems include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Depression or suicidal thoughts. Topamax can increase your risk of depression and suicidal thoughts or actions. You may be at higher risk if you already experience depression or suicidal thoughts. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Glaucoma. Although rare, treatment with Topamax can cause a condition called secondary closed-angle glaucoma. If you have glaucoma, Topamax may not be safe for you to take. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Diarrhea. Having diarrhea while taking Topamax can increase your risk of metabolic acidosis. Let your doctor know if you have frequent or uncontrolled diarrhea while you’re taking Topamax. You may need blood tests to make sure the level of acid in your blood is safe.

Liver problems. If you have liver problems, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, you may have an increased risk of high ammonia levels in your blood from taking Topamax. You may need additional blood tests to monitor your levels while you’re taking Topamax. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you if you have liver problems.

Ketogenic diet. Following a ketogenic (“keto”) diet can increase acid levels in your blood. Increased acid in your blood is also a potential side effect from taking Topamax. For this reason, following a ketogenic diet while taking Topamax usually isn’t recommended. Talk with your doctor about the best diet and treatment for your condition, including whether Topamax is safe for you to take.

Kidney problems. In rare cases, Topamax can cause metabolic acidosis, which can lead to kidney stones if it isn’t treated. If you have kidney problems, such as chronic kidney disease, you have an increased risk of both metabolic acidosis and kidney stones as a complication. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you if you have kidney problems. If they do decide to prescribe Topamax, they may start you with a lower dose than usual.

Allergic reaction. You should not take Topamax if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to Topamax or any of its ingredients. Talk with your doctor about which other treatments are better choices for you.

Topamax and alcohol

You should not drink alcohol while taking Topamax. Drinking alcohol while taking Topamax can increase your risk of certain side effects and increase the chance that they’ll be serious.

These side effects include:

• confusion
• trouble concentrating
• dizziness
• memory problems
• speech problems
• sleepiness

Talk with your doctor if you have questions about how drinking alcohol can affect treatment with Topamax.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding while taking Topamax

Taking Topamax while pregnant can cause harm to the fetus. Taking Topamax while pregnant increases the child’s risk of a cleft lip or cleft palate. They’re also more likely to be born small for their gestational age. Talk with your doctor about the possible risks of taking Topamax if you’re pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

If you take Topamax while pregnant, you’re encouraged to sign up with the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry. This registry helps healthcare professionals collect information about the safety of medications such as Topamax during pregnancy. This can help you make informed decisions about the treatments you take during pregnancy. You can register by visiting the program website or calling 888-233-2334.

Topamax is known to pass into breast milk. The drug can cause side effects such as sleepiness or diarrhea in a breastfed child. Talk with your doctor about the best way to feed your child if you’re taking Topamax.

Like all medications, Topamax can cause side effects. Many are mild and tend to go away on their own after a few days or weeks. However, the drug can also cause some serious side effects which may require treatment.

If you’d like to learn more about Topamax, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. They can help answer any questions you have about side effects from taking the drug.

Besides talking with your doctor, you can do some research on your own. These articles might help:

• More information on Topamax. For details on other aspects of Topamax, refer to this article.
• Details about Topamax for migraine. See this article for more information about using Topamax to prevent migraine headaches.
• A look at your condition. For details about migraine, see our migraine hub as well as these related articles. And for more information about epilepsy, see these articles.

Disclaimer: Medical News Today has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

Side effects and what to do about them

Topamax is used to prevent migraine headaches and treat epilepsy in certain people. Below, you’ll find lists of the drug’s more common, mild, and serious side effects.

Here are some fast facts on Topamax:

• Active ingredient: topiramate
• Drug class: anticonvulsant
• Drug forms: oral tablet and capsule

You’ll likely take Topamax long term if you and your doctor agree that it’s working well for you.

Like other drugs, Topamax can cause side effects. Read on to learn about potential common, mild, and serious side effects. For a general overview of Topamax, including details about its uses, see this article.

Topamax can cause certain side effects, some of which are more common than others. These side effects may be temporary, lasting a few days or weeks. However, if the side effects last longer than that, bother you, or become severe, be sure to talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

These are just a few of the more common side effects reported by people who took Topamax in clinical trials. These side effects can vary depending on which condition the drug is being used to treat.

More common side effects in people taking Topamax for epilepsy include:

• feelings of burning or numbness in your hands and feet
• appetite loss
• weight loss*
• speech problems
• fatigue

More common side effects in people taking Topamax to prevent migraine headaches include:

• feelings of burning or numbness in your hands and feet
• appetite loss
• weight loss*
• memory problems
• changes in taste*

* For more information about this side effect, see “Side effect specifics” below.

Mild side effects can occur with Topamax use. This list doesn’t include all possible mild side effects of the drug. For more information, you can refer to Topamax’s prescribing information.

Mild side effects that have been reported with Topamax include:

• burning or numbness in your hands and feet
• appetite loss
• speech problems
• fatigue
• dizziness*
• sleepiness
• nervousness
• memory problems*
• slow reaction time*
• diarrhea
• nausea
• abdominal pain
• weight loss†
• hair loss†
• changes in how things taste†

These side effects may be temporary, lasting a few days or weeks. However, if the side effects last longer than that, bother you, or become severe, be sure to talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Note: After the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves a drug, it tracks side effects of the medication. If you develop a side effect while taking Topamax and want to tell the FDA about it, visit MedWatch.

* This side effect can affect your ability to drive or safely operate machinery. You should avoid these activities until you know how Topamax affects you.
† For more information about this side effect, see “Side effect specifics” below.

Topamax may cause serious side effects. The list below may not include all possible serious side effects of the drug. For more information, you can refer to Topamax’s prescribing information.

If you develop serious side effects while taking Topamax, call your doctor right away. If the side effects seem life threatening or you think you’re having a medical emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number.

Serious side effects that have been reported and their symptoms include:

• Hyperthermia (decreased sweating and increased body temperature). Symptoms can include:
  • body temperature that’s higher than usual
  • heat intolerance
  • producing less sweat than usual, especially in hot weather
• Metabolic acidosis (increased acid levels in your blood). Symptoms can include:
  • changes in your heart rate
  • trouble thinking clearly
  • feeling more tired than usual
  • appetite loss
• Serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Symptoms can include:
  • body aches
  • trouble swallowing
  • fever
  • painful skin
  • peeling skin, with or without blisters
• High blood levels of ammonia (a waste product made by your body), which may cause swelling in your brain. Symptoms can include:
  • coordination problems
  • headache
  • irritability
  • seizures
  • vomiting
• Kidney stones. Symptoms can include:
  • blood in your urine
  • nausea and vomiting
  • painful urination
  • sharp pain in your back or lower abdomen
• Eye problems.*
• Mood changes, including suicidal thoughts.*
• Cognitive side effects.*
• Allergic reaction.*

* For more information about this side effect, see “Side effect specifics” below.
† An allergic reaction is possible after using Topamax. However, it’s not clear whether this side effect occurred in clinical trials.

Most Topamax side effects aren’t permanent, and go away with time. For example, fatigue (low energy) and feelings of burning or numbness in your hands and feet may go away as you continue taking Topamax. Your doctor may prescribe a temporary treatment to help you manage these side effects for a short period of time.

Some rare side effects caused by Topamax may require treatment to make them go away. These side effects may include kidney stones and high blood levels of ammonia (a waste product made by your body). Some side effects can cause long-term effects if they aren’t treated, such as increased pressure in your eye. Make sure to call your doctor right away if you have symptoms that are severe or bother you.

If you have side effects that won’t go away or are hard to deal with, your doctor will likely have you wean off Topamax. This should cause side effects of the drug to go away.

Topamax may cause several side effects. Here are some frequently asked questions about the drug’s side effects and their answers.

Do Topamax’s side effects vary based on which strength or dosage of the drug I’m taking?

Possibly. In clinical trials, how often certain side effects occurred varied depending on which dose of Topamax was taken.

For example, the following side effects were more likely to happen with higher doses (200 mg) of Topamax (compared with 25 mg or 50 mg, for example):

• trouble concentrating
• dizziness
• fatigue
• memory problems
• sleepiness

For details about side effects in studies, you can see Topamax’s prescribing information. You can also talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Could a missed dose of Topamax cause side effects?

No, missing a dose of Topamax shouldn’t cause side effects.

However, missing doses may cause you to have symptoms of the condition you’re using Topamax to treat. For example, missing Topamax doses could cause you to have a migraine headache. Additionally, missing too many doses of Topamax (or suddenly stopping the drug) may increase the risk of seizures.

To help make sure that you don’t miss a dose, try using a medication reminder. This can include setting an alarm or using a timer. You could also download a reminder app on your phone.

Can Topamax’s side effects vary depending on how it’s used?

It’s possible. Side effects in clinical trials were slightly different depending on whether people used the drug to treat seizures or to prevent migraine headaches. It’s important to note that the dosage of Topamax is higher for seizures than for migraine headache prevention. This may make some side effects more likely.

For a list of side effects that were more common for each of these uses, see the “More common side effects” section above. You can also see Topamax’s prescribing information or talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Learn more about some of the side effects that Topamax may cause, as well as some tips for dealing with or helping to stop side effects.

Eye problems

Although not common, Topamax can cause eye problems. These may include:

• myopia (nearsightedness)
• secondary closed-angle glaucoma (sudden increased pressure in your eye), which can lead to blindness if not treated
• decreased vision
• blurry vision

Symptoms of eye problems caused by Topamax can include:

• blurry vision
• dilated pupils (the black part of your eye being larger than usual)
• eye pain
• eye redness
• sudden decrease in vision

What you can do

Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of eye problems while taking Topamax. They’ll recommend whether you should stop taking the drug. They may also recommend that you visit an eye doctor.

In most cases, eye side effects go away if you stop taking the drug. However, you should not stop taking Topamax unless your doctor recommends this.

Mood shifts

Topamax can cause shifts or changes in mood, including suicidal thoughts. These were rare in clinical trials.

Examples of behavior and mood shifts Topamax can cause include:

• agitation
• aggression
• anxiety
• depression
• sudden mood changes
• suicidal thoughts or behaviors

Symptoms to watch for include:

• feeling agitated, aggressive, or irritable
• feeling anxious or having panic attacks
• feeling hopeless or sad
• losing interest in activities you normally enjoy
• trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

What you can do

If you have any unusual shifts in mood while taking Topamax, call your doctor right away. They may be able to suggest ways to ease your symptoms. Or they may recommend switching from Topamax to a different treatment for your condition. And if you experience suicidal thoughts, it’s important to get help right away.

Suicide prevention

If you know someone at immediate risk of self-harm, suicide, or hurting another person:

• Ask the tough question: “Are you considering suicide?”
• Listen to the person without judgment.
• Call 911 or the local emergency number, or text TALK to 741741 to communicate with a trained crisis counselor.
• Stay with the person until professional help arrives.
• Try to remove any weapons, medications, or other potentially harmful objects.

If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide, a prevention hotline can help. The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is available 24 hours a day at 988. During a crisis, people who are hard of hearing can use their preferred relay service or dial 711 then 988.

Click here for more links and local resources.

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Weight loss

It’s possible to have weight loss from taking Topamax. This side effect was somewhat common in clinical trials. (The average amount of weight lost in these studies wasn’t noted.)

What you can do

Talk with your doctor if you’re concerned about your weight while taking Topamax. They can suggest ways to maintain a weight that’s healthy for you.

Cognitive side effects

Treatment with Topamax can cause a variety of cognitive side effects. This refers to side effects that affect how you think. Some of these side effects are mild, while others can be more serious.

Cognitive side effects of Topamax can include:

• confusion
• trouble concentrating
• fatigue
• memory problems
• sleepiness
• slow reaction time
• speech problems
• mood changes (see “Mood changes” just above)

Your risk for cognitive side effects from Topamax increases if you start with a high dose, or your dose is increased quickly.

What you can do

Talk with your doctor if you experience cognitive side effects while taking Topamax. They can recommend next steps based on the symptoms you’re having. It’s important not to change your dosage of Topamax without first talking with your doctor.

Hair loss

Taking Topamax can cause hair loss as a side effect. This side effect wasn’t common in clinical trials and was only reported by people taking the drug for epilepsy. People taking Topamax to prevent migraine headaches didn’t report hair loss.

What you can do

Talk with your doctor if you have hair loss while taking Topamax. They may recommend a treatment. Or they may suggest you wean off Topamax and try a different treatment for your condition. However, you should not stop taking Topamax unless your doctor recommends this.

Changes in taste

You may have changes in your sense of taste as a result of taking Topamax. This can cause foods to taste different or bad. Or you may notice a metallic or unusual taste in your mouth.

Changes in taste was a common side effect reported by people who took Topamax for preventing migraine headaches in clinical trials. This was also reported by people taking the drug to treat epilepsy, but it was less common.

What you can do

Call your doctor if you have changes in taste while taking Topamax. They’ll likely recommend you stop taking the drug and try another treatment for your condition. However, you should not stop taking Topamax unless your doctor recommends this.

Allergic reaction

As with most drugs, Topamax can cause an allergic reaction in some people. However, it isn’t known how often this side effect may have occurred in clinical trials.

Symptoms can be mild or serious and can include:

• skin rash
• itching
• flushing
• swelling under your skin, typically in your lips, eyelids, feet, or hands
• swelling of your mouth, tongue, or throat, which can make it hard to breathe

What you can do

For mild symptoms of an allergic reaction, call your doctor right away. They may recommend ways to ease your symptoms and determine whether you should keep taking Topamax. However, if your symptoms are serious and you think you’re having a medical emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number.

For the most part, side effects of Topamax in children are similar to those in adults. These side effects are described above.

However, compared to adults, children taking Topamax may be more likely to have certain side effects, including:

• upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold
• ear infections
• cough
• fever
• hyperthermia (decreased sweating and increased body temperature), which may require treatment in a hospital

It’s important to keep an eye on your child in hot weather. If they have a high temperature or if they sweat less than usual, call their doctor right away. A high temperature for children ages 2 years and older is above 99.5°F (37.5°C).

Children are less likely than adults to experience the following side effects from Topamax:

• trouble concentrating
• slow reaction time
• speech problems

Also, children taking Topamax may experience decreased bone mineral density (BMD). BMD describes how strong the bones are. Having reduced BMD could indicate that you have weakened bones.

In addition, weight and height may be affected in children taking Topamax. This is because the drug can cause reduced growth in children. In clinical trials, reduced growth was more commonly seen among children ages 6 to 9 years. If Topamax is taken by a child, their doctor will monitor their growth.

Talk with your child’s doctor, or a pharmacist, if you have questions about Topamax’s side effects in children.

Be sure to talk with your doctor about your health history before you take Topamax. This drug may not be the right treatment for you if you have certain medical conditions or other factors that affect your health. The conditions and factors to consider include:

Bone problems, such as osteoporosis. In rare cases, Topamax can cause metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood). If untreated, this condition can lead to bone problems, including osteoporosis (weakened bones). You may be at higher risk of bone complications from metabolic acidosis if you already have bone problems. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Breathing or lung problems. If you have breathing problems or lung problems, you may be at increased risk of metabolic acidosis if you take Topamax. These problems include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Depression or suicidal thoughts. Topamax can increase your risk of depression and suicidal thoughts or actions. You may be at higher risk if you already experience depression or suicidal thoughts. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Glaucoma. Although rare, treatment with Topamax can cause a condition called secondary closed-angle glaucoma. If you have glaucoma, Topamax may not be safe for you to take. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you.

Diarrhea. Having diarrhea while taking Topamax can increase your risk of metabolic acidosis. Let your doctor know if you have frequent or uncontrolled diarrhea while you’re taking Topamax. You may need blood tests to make sure the level of acid in your blood is safe.

Liver problems. If you have liver problems, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, you may have an increased risk of high ammonia levels in your blood from taking Topamax. You may need additional blood tests to monitor your levels while you’re taking Topamax. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you if you have liver problems.

Ketogenic diet. Following a ketogenic (“keto”) diet can increase acid levels in your blood. Increased acid in your blood is also a potential side effect from taking Topamax. For this reason, following a ketogenic diet while taking Topamax usually isn’t recommended. Talk with your doctor about the best diet and treatment for your condition, including whether Topamax is safe for you to take.

Kidney problems. In rare cases, Topamax can cause metabolic acidosis, which can lead to kidney stones if it isn’t treated. If you have kidney problems, such as chronic kidney disease, you have an increased risk of both metabolic acidosis and kidney stones as a complication. Your doctor can help determine whether treatment with Topamax is safe for you if you have kidney problems. If they do decide to prescribe Topamax, they may start you with a lower dose than usual.

Allergic reaction. You should not take Topamax if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to Topamax or any of its ingredients. Talk with your doctor about which other treatments are better choices for you.

Topamax and alcohol

You should not drink alcohol while taking Topamax. Drinking alcohol while taking Topamax can increase your risk of certain side effects and increase the chance that they’ll be serious.

These side effects include:

• confusion
• trouble concentrating
• dizziness
• memory problems
• speech problems
• sleepiness

Talk with your doctor if you have questions about how drinking alcohol can affect treatment with Topamax.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding while taking Topamax

Taking Topamax while pregnant can cause harm to the fetus. Taking Topamax while pregnant increases the child’s risk of a cleft lip or cleft palate. They’re also more likely to be born small for their gestational age. Talk with your doctor about the possible risks of taking Topamax if you’re pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

If you take Topamax while pregnant, you’re encouraged to sign up with the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry. This registry helps healthcare professionals collect information about the safety of medications such as Topamax during pregnancy. This can help you make informed decisions about the treatments you take during pregnancy. You can register by visiting the program website or calling 888-233-2334.

Topamax is known to pass into breast milk. The drug can cause side effects such as sleepiness or diarrhea in a breastfed child. Talk with your doctor about the best way to feed your child if you’re taking Topamax.

Like all medications, Topamax can cause side effects. Many are mild and tend to go away on their own after a few days or weeks. However, the drug can also cause some serious side effects which may require treatment.

If you’d like to learn more about Topamax, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. They can help answer any questions you have about side effects from taking the drug.

Besides talking with your doctor, you can do some research on your own. These articles might help:

• More information on Topamax. For details on other aspects of Topamax, refer to this article.
• Details about Topamax for migraine. See this article for more information about using Topamax to prevent migraine headaches.
• A look at your condition. For details about migraine, see our migraine hub as well as these related articles. And for more information about epilepsy, see these articles.

Disclaimer: Medical News Today has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

Migraine treatment – Clinic Zdorovye 365 Yekaterinburg

Doctors say that many women don’t talk about how badly their head hurts because they don’t want to complain too much. One of the problems may be that people suffering from migraines think that nothing will help them. They have watched their mother or grandmother suffer from a migraine and think they should suffer too. Despite significant advances in pharmacology and the large number of treatment options that are available today, many continue to take the ineffective drugs that their older relatives used to combat migraine pain.

Typically, migraine patients take some kind of pain medication, lie in bed, try to overcome nausea and vomiting, and protect themselves from lights, sounds, and smells that can trigger or exacerbate a migraine attack.

Unfortunately, many migraine sufferers do not see a doctor, despite the fact that today there are many effective treatments.

If you have migraine attacks, it is important to build a good relationship with your doctor because migraine is a recurring disease. The first step is to find a doctor with experience in migraine treatment who understands that migraine is a disease that occurs due to changes at the biological level.

We recommend that you find a doctor who is willing to consider several treatment options, including prescription and over-the-counter medications and lifestyle changes.

During treatment, communication can be poorly tolerated by patients for a number of reasons, but it is the key to effective treatment. About half of migraine patients have stopped looking for a way to deal with their headaches, in part because they were not satisfied with the treatment, a statistic that can be improved by patient-physician communication.

Communication and treatment counselors can provide advice on how to start a dialogue with a doctor, discuss symptoms and treatment options. Many people believe that if you mark a calendar when attacks occur, you can learn how to control headaches. This method is especially effective when you and your doctor begin to draw up a treatment program.

In the headache calendar, note:

• when headaches occur
• severity and duration of headaches
• possible pathogens, including diet, stress, environment, etc.
• dates of menstruation
• remedies that did not help with pain

The National Headache Foundation of America website www.headaches.org also provides a wealth of useful information for people with headaches, including a headache diary:

treatment and then evaluate the treatment you are currently receiving. Rate how satisfied you are with the chosen treatment program (from “completely satisfied” and ending with “extremely dissatisfied” with intermediate ratings). Rate the treatment according to the following criteria:

• fast acting
• causes the fewest side effects
• non-sedating
• reduces sensitivity to bright lights and/or sounds
• easy to use
• relieves headache
• only needs to be taken once a week
• exists in the form of injections
• is available as a nasal spray
• is available as 9 tablets0020
• is proven effective
• is available in various shapes

Also rank these criteria according to how important they are to you. Use the description (from “very important” to “not important”) to help you prioritize and tailor a treatment program that’s right for you.

Next, make a list of activities that you think you have to neglect because of a migraine. Be sure to include work, relationships with family members, personal time, sleep, sports, social status, or other activities that have to be relegated to the background due to migraine attacks.

In fact, if you write down what you have to give up because of a migraine and discuss it with your doctor, then the doctor will be able to choose the most comprehensive course of treatment. Most often, doctors select a more effective method of treatment if they receive detailed information about the symptoms.

Unfortunately, often during consultations little attention is paid to activities that have to be abandoned because of a headache. In order to get more information about such activities, there is, for example, a questionnaire that estimates the number of activities that have to be abandoned due to migraine.

Then make an appointment with the doctor to discuss your specific case. Take your lists with you. Ask for a course of treatment that takes into account the factors that seem most important to you in managing your headache and are consistent with your lifestyle. Before leaving the doctor’s office, make an appointment to discuss the effectiveness or failure of the chosen treatment option.

Finally, after starting treatment, write down in a diary the frequency and severity of headaches, and how the treatment affects you. At your next visit, show your doctor your notes and, if necessary, ask for changes to your treatment. Finding the right treatment for you takes patience and adjustments.

Medication

The doctor makes a treatment plan based on how often headaches occur. Rare headaches (once or twice a month) are usually treated with fast-acting, strong medications that reduce headache, nausea, and increased sensitivity to bright lights and/or sounds. Women with migraine often have to change the type of treatment. They are recommended preventive treatment.

If you have frequent or prolonged headaches, or if you have pain that interferes with your daily activities, you will need to take medication daily to prevent migraines.

Drugs to treat or shorten the duration of migraine

One of the most commonly used drug classes is the triptans. Scientists aren’t sure exactly how they work, but these drugs reduce migraine headaches and ease the aura. Specialized triptans include naratriptan (Amerge by Amerge), rizatriptan (Maxalt by Maxalt), sumatriptan (Imitrex by Imitrex), zolmitriptan (Zomig by Zomig), almotriptan (Axert, Axert), frovatriptan (Frova). , Frova) and eletriptan (Relpax by Relpax). All triptans listed are available in tablet form. “Imitrex” and “Zomig” are also produced in the form of a nasal spray, and “Imitrex” in the form of injections. The fastest and most effective drugs in the form of injections.

Listed below are drugs used for emergency management of severe migraine pain :

• dihydroergotamine (Migrenol Migrainol, DHE 45)
• Ergotamine, a drug that was commonly prescribed for migraine before the advent of triptans. Ergotamine is a more economical, but at the same time, less effective option. Ergotamine is usually given to people with long-lasting (more than 48 hours) or frequent migraines.
• opioids, namely codeine
• corticosteroids, including hydrocortisone and dexamethasone

Since ergotamine and dihydroergotamine (DHE 45) can cause nausea and vomiting, they can be combined with antinausea drugs. Experts warn that ergotamine should not be taken in excessive doses by people with angina, severe hypertension, or vascular, liver, or kidney disease. The same goes for DHE. Also, this drug is not recommended for pregnant women.

Medicines to treat/prevent frequent migraine attacks :

• Beta-blockers prevent vasodilation. These include propranolol (Inderal Inderal), atenolol (Tenormin Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor Lopressor), nadolol (Corgard Corgard), and timolol (Blocarden Blocadren). Caution: Doctors recommend that people taking beta-blockers, and especially those with a family history of heart disease, do not stop taking these drugs abruptly.
• Calcium channel blockers prevent migraine in susceptible individuals. Common calcium channel blockers include: verapamil (Calan Calan, Isoptin Isoptin), nifedipine (Procardia Procardia, Adalat Adalat) and nimodipine (Nimotop Nimotop).
• Anticonvulsants. Some drugs prevent seizures, such as divalprex sodium (Depakote, Depakote), valproate (Depacon, Depacon), and topiramate (Topamax, Topamax). Some people experience migraines less often as a result of taking these medications. In large doses, they can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and dizziness.
• Antidepressants. In some cases, antidepressants are used to prevent migraines. These include tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline (Elavil by Elavil, Endep by Endep), nortriptyline (Pamelor by Pamelor, Aventyl by Aventyl), and protriptyline (Vivaktil by Vivactil).
• Monoclonal antibody preparations, such as Ajovy (fremanezumab) – a drug for the prevention (reduction in the number of attacks) of episodic and chronic migraine. The more calcitonin-related peptide (CGRP) is released in migraine, the stronger and more painful the headache. Ajovi binds the CGRP neuropeptide or its receptor and blocks the migraine headache pathway.

Atypical antidepressants such as venlafaxine (Effexor) and mirtazapine (Remeron) can relieve some chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Warning: The US Food and Drug Administration warns that antidepressants increase the risk of suicide, especially in adolescents and children. Anyone taking antidepressants should be carefully screened for suicidal tendencies. If you plan to take antidepressants, discuss the risk with your doctor and always read the information on the package.

Botox in the treatment of chronic migraine

Botox is used to treat and prevent chronic migraine attacks in adults. Chronic migraine is referred to as having a headache for more than 15 days a month, 8 or more of which are accompanied by migraine-like symptoms.

Non-drug treatments

Drug therapy for migraine is often combined with biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, or relaxation techniques.

Biofeedback is a technique used to gain control over a function that would normally operate automatically (such as blood pressure or pulse rate). The function can be controlled. Relaxation techniques are applied to change function. Biofeedback uses electronic or electromechanical instruments to observe, measure, process, and feed back information about blood pressure, muscle tension, heart rate, brain waves, and other psychological functions.

This technology can be used at home with a portable device. The ultimate goal of this treatment is to wean the patient off the machine so that they can apply the biofeedback technique at the first sign of a headache.

Through relaxation techniques, one can learn to counteract muscle tension by relaxing the mind and body using yoga, meditation, progressive relaxation, and imagery. Relaxation techniques can be used with or without biofeedback.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

This therapy helps to identify what is causing headaches. People who get migraine experience the same stressors as everyone else, but in migraine patients, stress can trigger migraine attacks. Thus, through specific stress management training, the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that influence the onset of headaches can be identified and managed so that headaches do not occur.

Diet therapy

Some migraine sufferers benefit from a course of treatment focused solely on avoiding foods and drinks that cause headaches. For this reason, it is necessary to keep a migraine diary to identify individual pathogens. In 30% of cases, diet helps patients.

A diet that prevents low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), which can cause blood vessels in the head to dilate, may help some people with migraines. This condition usually manifests itself due to a long time spent without food: for example, during the night or if a person skips a meal. A headache in the morning after waking up may be a reaction to low blood sugar due to not enough food received by the body during the night.

The treatment for headaches due to low blood sugar is to eat smaller, more frequent meals. A special diet may be prescribed to stabilize the body’s system that regulates blood sugar. For a similar reason, many experts also advise migraine patients not to sleep too long on the weekends, as normal blood sugar levels can be disturbed and headaches can set in.

Can analgesics cause headaches? – articles of the medical center in Kolomenskoye

What does a person usually do when they have a headache? He goes to the pharmacy and buys an over-the-counter pain medication (analgesic): analgin, pentalgin, citramon, etc.

What does a person usually do when they have a headache? He goes to the pharmacy and buys an over-the-counter pain medication (analgesic): analgin, pentalgin, citramon, etc. The headache disappears and the person returns to his daily life. Headache again? I took an analgesic and went to work. To the doctor? No time, and with what to go: think a headache – probably overtired. Sometimes the pain is really rare and disappears from rest, but it happens that over time, imperceptibly for a person, the pain occurs more and more often, sometimes every day, painkillers have to be bought more and more and they stop helping. And the refusal to take them causes increased pain and the patient, getting into a vicious circle, finally goes to the doctor, undergoes a bunch of examinations: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, REG, etc., where they do not find any pathology and the patient hears the diagnosis: “abuse headache”. What is it?

From the Latin language abusus (abusus) means use, abuse, and most often it refers to alcohol and drugs. How can substances that have a therapeutic effect be harmful? It was revealed that prolonged uncontrolled intake of painkillers causes a dysfunction of the pain and analgesic systems of the body. Pain receptors become more sensitive and react even to minimal irritation, previously inactive receptors “wake up”, and the work of their own pain system is ineffective. In addition, long-term chronic pain often does not cause optimism and pain is often accompanied by depression and / or anxiety, fears and sleep disturbance.

According to international criteria, dependence on analgesics is formed within 3 months after receiving analysts for more than 15 days a month (3-4 times a week).

By the way, abuse pain develops only in patients suffering from headaches and does not form in those who take analgesics to treat pain in the back or joints, for example. Dependence is also formed when taking special preparations for the treatment of migraine – triptans, if migraine attacks are frequent and the patient also takes triptans for more than 15 days per month.

What to do? After all, the rejection of analgesics causes an increase in pain, almost like a “drug withdrawal”! In any case, the “guilty” drug will have to be canceled against the background of special detoxification treatment, and after cancellation, the algologist will select the necessary multi-month therapy aimed at restoring the functioning of the disturbed pain and analgesic systems of the body.