What are the main causes of hyperglycemia in diabetes. How can you recognize early symptoms of high blood sugar. What are the potential long-term complications of untreated hyperglycemia. When should you seek immediate medical attention for high blood sugar.

What is Hyperglycemia and How Does It Affect People with Diabetes?

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is a condition that primarily affects individuals with diabetes. It occurs when glucose levels in the bloodstream become elevated above normal ranges. For people with diabetes, this typically means blood glucose levels exceeding 180 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 10 to 11.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

Why does hyperglycemia occur in diabetes? In a healthy body, insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by allowing cells to absorb and use glucose for energy. However, diabetes disrupts this process in two main ways:

• In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin
• In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough

As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to hyperglycemia if not properly managed.

Identifying the Early Signs and Symptoms of Hyperglycemia

Recognizing the early signs of hyperglycemia is crucial for prompt treatment and prevention of complications. What are the initial symptoms to watch for?

• Frequent urination
• Increased thirst
• Blurred vision
• Feeling weak or unusually tired

These symptoms typically develop slowly over several days or weeks as blood sugar levels remain elevated. It’s important to note that some individuals with long-standing type 2 diabetes may not exhibit obvious symptoms despite having high blood sugar levels.

Advanced Symptoms of Severe Hyperglycemia

If hyperglycemia persists without treatment, more severe symptoms may develop. These can include:

• Fruity-smelling breath
• Dry mouth
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Confusion
• Loss of consciousness

These symptoms may indicate a dangerous condition called ketoacidosis, where toxic acids (ketones) build up in the blood and urine. Ketoacidosis requires immediate medical attention.

Understanding the Causes and Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia

What triggers hyperglycemia in people with diabetes? Several factors can contribute to elevated blood sugar levels:

1. Insufficient insulin or diabetes medication
2. Improper insulin injection or use of expired insulin
3. Not following a diabetes-appropriate eating plan
4. Physical inactivity
5. Illness or infection
6. Certain medications (e.g., steroids or immunosuppressants)
7. Injury or surgery
8. Emotional stress

It’s worth noting that illness and stress can be particularly problematic for blood sugar control. Why? These conditions trigger the release of hormones that can cause blood glucose levels to rise. During such times, individuals may need to adjust their diabetes medication to maintain target blood sugar ranges.

The Role of Insulin and Glucose Metabolism in Hyperglycemia

To fully understand hyperglycemia, it’s essential to grasp the normal process of glucose metabolism and how diabetes disrupts it. How does this process work in a healthy body?

1. During digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules.
2. Glucose enters the bloodstream, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
3. The pancreas releases insulin in response to elevated blood glucose.
4. Insulin allows glucose to enter cells, providing energy and lowering blood sugar levels.
5. Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles for later use.

In diabetes, this process is impaired. Either the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin (type 1 diabetes), or the body becomes resistant to insulin’s effects (type 2 diabetes). As a result, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to hyperglycemia if not properly managed through medication, diet, and lifestyle changes.

Complications of Untreated Hyperglycemia: Short-term and Long-term Risks

Why is it crucial to manage hyperglycemia effectively? Untreated high blood sugar can lead to both immediate and long-term health complications.

Short-term Complications

The most immediate risk of severe hyperglycemia is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This life-threatening condition occurs when the body, lacking insulin, begins breaking down fat for energy, producing toxic ketones. DKA can lead to:

• Dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Coma
• Death if left untreated

Long-term Complications

Chronic hyperglycemia can cause significant damage to various body systems over time. What are the potential long-term complications?

• Cardiovascular disease: Increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and other heart problems
• Neuropathy: Nerve damage leading to numbness, tingling, and pain, particularly in extremities
• Nephropathy: Kidney damage or failure
• Retinopathy: Damage to the blood vessels in the eyes, potentially leading to blindness
• Foot problems: Poor circulation and nerve damage can cause serious infections and ulcerations
• Bone and joint issues: Increased risk of osteoporosis and joint problems
• Dental problems: Higher susceptibility to gum disease and tooth decay

Maintaining blood glucose levels within a healthy range is crucial for preventing or delaying the onset of these complications.

Effective Management Strategies for Hyperglycemia in Diabetes

How can individuals with diabetes effectively manage their blood sugar levels and prevent hyperglycemia? Several key strategies can help:

1. Medication adherence: Take insulin or other diabetes medications as prescribed
2. Blood glucose monitoring: Regularly check blood sugar levels and keep a log
3. Dietary management: Follow a balanced, diabetes-friendly eating plan
4. Physical activity: Engage in regular exercise, which helps lower blood glucose
5. Stress management: Practice relaxation techniques to minimize stress-induced blood sugar spikes
6. Education: Stay informed about diabetes management and attend diabetes education classes
7. Regular check-ups: Visit healthcare providers regularly for monitoring and adjustments to treatment plans

It’s important to work closely with a healthcare team to develop an individualized management plan that addresses specific needs and lifestyle factors.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Hyperglycemia

While managing hyperglycemia is often possible at home, there are situations where immediate medical attention is necessary. When should you seek help from a healthcare provider or call emergency services?

• If you experience persistent diarrhea or vomiting and cannot keep food or fluids down
• If your blood glucose levels remain above 240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) and you have symptoms of ketones in your urine
• If you develop symptoms of severe hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis, such as confusion, shortness of breath, or loss of consciousness

In these situations, prompt medical intervention can prevent serious complications and potentially save lives.

Innovations in Hyperglycemia Management: Technologies and Treatments

As our understanding of diabetes and hyperglycemia evolves, so do the technologies and treatments available for management. What are some of the latest innovations in this field?

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Systems

CGM devices provide real-time glucose readings throughout the day and night, allowing for more precise management of blood sugar levels. These systems can alert users to impending hyperglycemia, enabling prompt intervention.

Insulin Pumps and Artificial Pancreas Systems

Advanced insulin pumps, some integrated with CGM technology, can automatically adjust insulin delivery based on glucose readings. This “closed-loop” system mimics the function of a healthy pancreas, helping to prevent hyperglycemic episodes.

Smart Insulin

Researchers are developing “smart” insulins that activate only when blood glucose levels rise, potentially reducing the risk of both hyper- and hypoglycemia.

Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring

Several companies are working on non-invasive methods of glucose monitoring, such as smart contact lenses or patch devices, which could make frequent blood sugar checks more convenient and less painful.

Gene Therapy

Ongoing research into gene therapy aims to correct the underlying genetic causes of diabetes, potentially offering a cure for some forms of the disease and eliminating the risk of hyperglycemia.

These innovations hold promise for improving the lives of people with diabetes by making hyperglycemia management more effective and less burdensome.

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Hyperglycemia Management

While medication plays a crucial role in managing hyperglycemia, lifestyle factors have a significant impact on blood glucose control. How do various aspects of daily life affect hyperglycemia risk and management?

Diet and Nutrition

What you eat has a direct impact on blood glucose levels. A balanced diet that controls carbohydrate intake, emphasizes whole foods, and includes plenty of fiber can help stabilize blood sugar. Working with a registered dietitian to develop a personalized meal plan can be highly beneficial.

Physical Activity

Regular exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity and lowers blood glucose levels. Both aerobic activities and strength training can be beneficial. However, it’s important to monitor blood sugar before, during, and after exercise, as intense activity can sometimes cause temporary spikes in glucose levels.

Sleep

Poor sleep quality or insufficient sleep can affect hormone levels and insulin sensitivity, potentially leading to higher blood glucose. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night and maintain a consistent sleep schedule.

Stress Management

Chronic stress can elevate blood sugar levels due to the release of stress hormones. Incorporating stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises can help manage both stress and blood glucose levels.

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol can have complex effects on blood sugar, potentially causing both hyper- and hypoglycemia. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and always with food to minimize the risk of glucose fluctuations.

Smoking

Smoking can increase insulin resistance and exacerbate diabetes complications. Quitting smoking can improve overall health and make blood sugar management easier.

By addressing these lifestyle factors, individuals with diabetes can significantly improve their ability to manage hyperglycemia and reduce the risk of complications.

The Psychological Impact of Managing Hyperglycemia and Diabetes

Living with diabetes and the constant need to manage blood glucose levels can have significant psychological effects. How does the ongoing challenge of hyperglycemia management impact mental health?

Diabetes Distress

Many people with diabetes experience diabetes distress, a condition characterized by feelings of overwhelm, frustration, or burnout related to managing their condition. This can lead to difficulty adhering to treatment plans and increased risk of hyperglycemia.

Depression and Anxiety

The stress of managing a chronic condition like diabetes can contribute to the development of depression and anxiety disorders. These mental health issues can, in turn, make it more challenging to maintain good blood sugar control.

Fear of Hypoglycemia

While this article focuses on hyperglycemia, it’s worth noting that fear of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can lead some individuals to intentionally keep their blood glucose levels higher than recommended, increasing the risk of hyperglycemia and its complications.

Body Image and Eating Disorders

The focus on diet and weight management in diabetes care can sometimes contribute to disordered eating patterns or body image issues, which can complicate blood sugar management.

Cognitive Impact

Both hyper- and hypoglycemia can affect cognitive function, potentially leading to difficulties with memory, concentration, and decision-making. This can create a cycle where impaired cognition makes it harder to manage blood sugar effectively.

Addressing the psychological aspects of diabetes management is crucial for overall health and effective hyperglycemia control. What strategies can help?

• Seeking support from mental health professionals specialized in chronic illness management
• Joining diabetes support groups to connect with others facing similar challenges
• Practicing self-compassion and acknowledging the difficulty of managing a complex condition
• Utilizing stress-reduction techniques and mindfulness practices
• Working with a diabetes care team to develop realistic, achievable goals for blood sugar management

By addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of hyperglycemia management, individuals with diabetes can improve their overall quality of life and health outcomes.

Hyperglycemia in diabetes – Symptoms & causes

Overview

High blood sugar, also called hyperglycemia, affects people who have diabetes. Several factors can play a role in hyperglycemia in people with diabetes. They include food and physical activity, illness, and medications not related to diabetes. Skipping doses or not taking enough insulin or other medication to lower blood sugar also can lead to hyperglycemia.

It’s important to treat hyperglycemia. If it’s not treated, hyperglycemia can become severe and cause serious health problems that require emergency care, including a diabetic coma. Hyperglycemia that lasts, even if it’s not severe, can lead to health problems that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart.

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Symptoms

Hyperglycemia usually doesn’t cause symptoms until blood sugar (glucose) levels are high — above 180 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 10 to 11. 1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

Symptoms of hyperglycemia develop slowly over several days or weeks. The longer blood sugar levels stay high, the more serious symptoms may become. But some people who’ve had type 2 diabetes for a long time may not show any symptoms despite high blood sugar levels.

Early signs and symptoms

Recognizing early symptoms of hyperglycemia can help identify and treat it right away. Watch for:

• Frequent urination
• Increased thirst
• Blurred vision
• Feeling weak or unusually tired

Later signs and symptoms

If hyperglycemia isn’t treated, it can cause toxic acids, called ketones, to build up in the blood and urine. This condition is called ketoacidosis. Symptoms include:

• Fruity-smelling breath
• Dry mouth
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Confusion
• Loss of consciousness

When to see a doctor

Seek immediate help from your care provider or call 911 if:

• You have ongoing diarrhea or vomiting, and you can’t keep any food or fluids down
• Your blood glucose levels stay above 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (13. 3 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)) and you have symptoms of ketones in your urine

Causes

During digestion, the body breaks down carbohydrates from foods — such as bread, rice and pasta — into sugar molecules. One of the sugar molecules is called glucose. It’s one of the body’s main energy sources. Glucose is absorbed and goes directly into your bloodstream after you eat, but it can’t enter the cells of most of the body’s tissues without the help of insulin. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas.

When the glucose level in the blood rises, the pancreas releases insulin. The insulin unlocks the cells so that glucose can enter. This provides the fuel the cells need to work properly. Extra glucose is stored in the liver and muscles.

This process lowers the amount of glucose in the bloodstream and prevents it from reaching dangerously high levels. As the blood sugar level returns to normal, so does the amount of insulin the pancreas makes.

Diabetes drastically reduces insulin’s effects on the body. This may be because your pancreas is unable to produce insulin, as in type 1 diabetes. Or it may be because your body is resistant to the effects of insulin, or it doesn’t make enough insulin to keep a normal glucose level, as in type 2 diabetes.

In people who have diabetes, glucose tends to build up in the bloodstream. This condition is called hyperglycemia. It may reach dangerously high levels if it is not treated properly. Insulin and other drugs are used to lower blood sugar levels.

Risk factors

Many factors can contribute to hyperglycemia, including:

• Not using enough insulin or other diabetes medication
• Not injecting insulin properly or using expired insulin
• Not following your diabetes eating plan
• Being inactive
• Having an illness or infection
• Using certain medications, such as steroids or immunosuppressants
• Being injured or having surgery
• Experiencing emotional stress, such as family problems or workplace issues

Illness or stress can trigger hyperglycemia. That’s because hormones your body makes to fight illness or stress can also cause blood sugar to rise. You may need to take extra diabetes medication to keep blood glucose in your target range during illness or stress.

Complications

Long-term complications

Keeping blood sugar in a healthy range can help prevent many diabetes-related complications. Long-term complications of hyperglycemia that isn’t treated include:

• Cardiovascular disease
• Nerve damage (neuropathy)
• Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy) or kidney failure
• Damage to the blood vessels of the retina (diabetic retinopathy) that could lead to blindness
• Feet problems caused by damaged nerves or poor blood flow that can lead to serious skin infections, ulcerations and, in some severe cases, amputation
• Bone and joint problems
• Teeth and gum infections

Emergency complications

If blood sugar rises very high or if high blood sugar levels are not treated, it can lead to two serious conditions.

• Diabetic ketoacidosis. This condition develops when you don’t have enough insulin in your body. When this happens, glucose can’t enter your cells for energy. Your blood sugar level rises, and your body begins to break down fat for energy.

  When fat is broken down for energy in the body, it produces toxic acids called ketones. Ketones accumulate in the blood and eventually spill into the urine. If it isn’t treated, diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to a diabetic coma that can be life-threatening.

• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. This condition occurs when the body makes insulin, but the insulin doesn’t work properly. Blood glucose levels may become very high — greater than 600 mg/dL (33.3 mmol/L) without ketoacidosis. If you develop this condition, your body can’t use either glucose or fat for energy.

  Glucose then goes into the urine, causing increased urination. If it isn’t treated, diabetic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state can lead to life-threatening dehydration and coma. It’s very important to get medical care for it right away.

Prevention

To help keep your blood sugar within a healthy range:

• Follow your diabetes meal plan. If you take insulin or oral diabetes medication, be consistent about the amount and timing of your meals and snacks. The food you eat must be in balance with the insulin working in your body.
• Monitor your blood sugar. Depending on your treatment plan, you may check and record your blood sugar level several times a week or several times a day. Careful monitoring is the only way to make sure that your blood sugar level stays within your target range. Note when your glucose readings are above or below your target range.
• Carefully follow your health care provider’s directions for how to take your medication.
• Adjust your medication if you change your physical activity. The adjustment depends on blood sugar test results and on the type and length of the activity. If you have questions about this, talk to your health care provider.

Hyperglycemia in diabetes – Symptoms & causes

Overview

High blood sugar, also called hyperglycemia, affects people who have diabetes. Several factors can play a role in hyperglycemia in people with diabetes. They include food and physical activity, illness, and medications not related to diabetes. Skipping doses or not taking enough insulin or other medication to lower blood sugar also can lead to hyperglycemia.

It’s important to treat hyperglycemia. If it’s not treated, hyperglycemia can become severe and cause serious health problems that require emergency care, including a diabetic coma. Hyperglycemia that lasts, even if it’s not severe, can lead to health problems that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart.

Products & Services

Symptoms

Hyperglycemia usually doesn’t cause symptoms until blood sugar (glucose) levels are high — above 180 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 10 to 11. 1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

Symptoms of hyperglycemia develop slowly over several days or weeks. The longer blood sugar levels stay high, the more serious symptoms may become. But some people who’ve had type 2 diabetes for a long time may not show any symptoms despite high blood sugar levels.

Early signs and symptoms

Recognizing early symptoms of hyperglycemia can help identify and treat it right away. Watch for:

• Frequent urination
• Increased thirst
• Blurred vision
• Feeling weak or unusually tired

Later signs and symptoms

If hyperglycemia isn’t treated, it can cause toxic acids, called ketones, to build up in the blood and urine. This condition is called ketoacidosis. Symptoms include:

• Fruity-smelling breath
• Dry mouth
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Confusion
• Loss of consciousness

When to see a doctor

Seek immediate help from your care provider or call 911 if:

• You have ongoing diarrhea or vomiting, and you can’t keep any food or fluids down
• Your blood glucose levels stay above 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (13. 3 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)) and you have symptoms of ketones in your urine

Causes

During digestion, the body breaks down carbohydrates from foods — such as bread, rice and pasta — into sugar molecules. One of the sugar molecules is called glucose. It’s one of the body’s main energy sources. Glucose is absorbed and goes directly into your bloodstream after you eat, but it can’t enter the cells of most of the body’s tissues without the help of insulin. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas.

When the glucose level in the blood rises, the pancreas releases insulin. The insulin unlocks the cells so that glucose can enter. This provides the fuel the cells need to work properly. Extra glucose is stored in the liver and muscles.

This process lowers the amount of glucose in the bloodstream and prevents it from reaching dangerously high levels. As the blood sugar level returns to normal, so does the amount of insulin the pancreas makes.

Diabetes drastically reduces insulin’s effects on the body. This may be because your pancreas is unable to produce insulin, as in type 1 diabetes. Or it may be because your body is resistant to the effects of insulin, or it doesn’t make enough insulin to keep a normal glucose level, as in type 2 diabetes.

In people who have diabetes, glucose tends to build up in the bloodstream. This condition is called hyperglycemia. It may reach dangerously high levels if it is not treated properly. Insulin and other drugs are used to lower blood sugar levels.

Risk factors

Many factors can contribute to hyperglycemia, including:

• Not using enough insulin or other diabetes medication
• Not injecting insulin properly or using expired insulin
• Not following your diabetes eating plan
• Being inactive
• Having an illness or infection
• Using certain medications, such as steroids or immunosuppressants
• Being injured or having surgery
• Experiencing emotional stress, such as family problems or workplace issues

Illness or stress can trigger hyperglycemia. That’s because hormones your body makes to fight illness or stress can also cause blood sugar to rise. You may need to take extra diabetes medication to keep blood glucose in your target range during illness or stress.

Complications

Long-term complications

Keeping blood sugar in a healthy range can help prevent many diabetes-related complications. Long-term complications of hyperglycemia that isn’t treated include:

• Cardiovascular disease
• Nerve damage (neuropathy)
• Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy) or kidney failure
• Damage to the blood vessels of the retina (diabetic retinopathy) that could lead to blindness
• Feet problems caused by damaged nerves or poor blood flow that can lead to serious skin infections, ulcerations and, in some severe cases, amputation
• Bone and joint problems
• Teeth and gum infections

Emergency complications

If blood sugar rises very high or if high blood sugar levels are not treated, it can lead to two serious conditions.

• Diabetic ketoacidosis. This condition develops when you don’t have enough insulin in your body. When this happens, glucose can’t enter your cells for energy. Your blood sugar level rises, and your body begins to break down fat for energy.

  When fat is broken down for energy in the body, it produces toxic acids called ketones. Ketones accumulate in the blood and eventually spill into the urine. If it isn’t treated, diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to a diabetic coma that can be life-threatening.

• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. This condition occurs when the body makes insulin, but the insulin doesn’t work properly. Blood glucose levels may become very high — greater than 600 mg/dL (33.3 mmol/L) without ketoacidosis. If you develop this condition, your body can’t use either glucose or fat for energy.

  Glucose then goes into the urine, causing increased urination. If it isn’t treated, diabetic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state can lead to life-threatening dehydration and coma. It’s very important to get medical care for it right away.

Prevention

To help keep your blood sugar within a healthy range:

• Follow your diabetes meal plan. If you take insulin or oral diabetes medication, be consistent about the amount and timing of your meals and snacks. The food you eat must be in balance with the insulin working in your body.
• Monitor your blood sugar. Depending on your treatment plan, you may check and record your blood sugar level several times a week or several times a day. Careful monitoring is the only way to make sure that your blood sugar level stays within your target range. Note when your glucose readings are above or below your target range.
• Carefully follow your health care provider’s directions for how to take your medication.
• Adjust your medication if you change your physical activity. The adjustment depends on blood sugar test results and on the type and length of the activity. If you have questions about this, talk to your health care provider.

Increased glucose level. How to be and what to do?

04/04/2022

In the body, all metabolic processes occur in close connection. When they are violated, a variety of diseases and pathological conditions develop, among which there is an increase in blood glucose.

Now people consume a very large amount of sugar, as well as easily digestible carbohydrates. There is even evidence that in the last century their consumption has increased 20 times. In addition, people’s health has recently been negatively affected by ecology, the presence of a large amount of unnatural food in the diet.

Signs of an increase in blood sugar are very common in people, and the number of cases of diabetes in developed countries is now increasing every year.

Glucose is one of the main sources of energy and a universal fuel for cells, thanks to which our body performs a huge number of functions – for example, such as the work of the cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive systems.

The amount of glucose in the blood is called the sugar level and its rate depends on the work of the pancreas. This indicator can be influenced by factors such as: muscle activity, emotional state, diet.

A change in blood sugar levels is a signal of pathological processes in the body and may be a symptom of the development of serious diseases. Glycemia is the amount of glucose in a person’s blood. To understand the essence of this concept, it is important to know what glucose is and what should be the indicators of glucose content.

The level of sugar in the blood, the norm of which is important for the normal functioning of the body, regulates insulin. But if enough of this hormone is not produced, or tissues respond inadequately to insulin, then blood sugar levels increase. The increase in this indicator is affected by smoking, unhealthy diet, stressful situations.

The answer to the question, what is the norm of sugar in the blood of an adult, is given by the World Health Organization. There are approved norms of glucose. So, if the indicators are below the norm, then the person has hypoglycemia, if higher – hyperglycemia. You need to understand that any option is dangerous for the body, as this means that violations occur in the body, and sometimes irreversible.

It is generally accepted that if capillary and venous blood is examined, then the result may fluctuate slightly. Therefore, when determining what the normal glucose content is, the result is slightly overestimated. The norm of venous blood is on average 3.5-6.1, capillary blood – 3.5-5.5. The norm of sugar after eating is up to 7.8 mmol / l. Above this indicator in healthy people, sugar does not rise.

But if the norm of glucose in the blood is slightly exceeded, and the indicators in the analysis from the finger are 5.6-6.1, and from the vein it is from 6.1 to 7, this condition is defined as prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance).

With a result from a vein of more than 7 mmol / l (7. 4, etc.), and from a finger – above 6.1, we are already talking about diabetes. For a reliable assessment of diabetes, a test is used – glycated hemoglobin.

Elevated blood sugar can be determined if a person has certain signs. The following symptoms, manifested in an adult and a child, should alert a person:

– weakness, severe fatigue; – increased appetite and at the same time weight loss; – thirst and a constant feeling of dryness in the mouth;

– profuse and very frequent urination, night trips to the toilet are typical; – pustules, boils and other lesions on the skin, such lesions do not heal well;

– regular manifestation of itching in the groin, in the genitals;

– deterioration of immunity, deterioration in performance, frequent colds, allergies in adults;

– deterioration of vision, especially in people who are already 50 years old.

The manifestation of such symptoms may indicate that there is an increased glucose in the blood. It is important to consider that signs of high blood sugar can be expressed only by some of the manifestations listed above. Therefore, even if only some symptoms of high sugar levels appear in an adult or a child, you need to take tests and determine glucose.

The risk group for diabetes includes those who have a hereditary predisposition to diabetes, obesity, pancreatic disease, etc.

In the presence of such signs, high blood sugar during pregnancy is also possible. In this case, it is very important to determine the exact causes of high sugar.

However, there is another test that is recommended for diagnosing diabetes in humans. It’s called a glycated hemoglobin test, which is the amount of glucose in the blood that is bound to it. This study will show whether the patient with diabetes clearly controls blood glucose in the last 3 months.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that can proceed without symptoms for a long time, and then turn into severe complications leading to disability and death. Diabetes mellitus occurs in 6% of the world’s population, annually over 2 million people die from it. Moreover, in 90% of cases, patients are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in the development of which the most important role belongs to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.

Proper nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of most diseases, but in diabetes it is of key importance. For example, in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, a diet that promotes weight loss can often stop the progression of the disease and the development of dangerous complications.

There are basic principles of nutrition for obesity and the risk of developing diabetes:

The diet should include the full range of macronutrients – proteins (15%), fats (25%) and carbohydrates (60%).

– When it comes to diabetes prevention, many people think about the need for almost complete restriction of carbohydrates in their diet. And at first glance, this looks quite logical – after all, it is carbohydrates that increase blood sugar levels. But still, you should not rush into this. Firstly, carbohydrates are different, and secondly, they perform many useful functions in our body. You just need to understand what carbohydrates and at what time you can afford. You can not exclude carbohydrates from the diet or limit their volume: this will not lead to a decrease in glucose levels – it will be synthesized in the body from fats and proteins. It is important to minimize the intake of carbohydrates that are easily digestible (sugar, sugary drinks, refined cereals) – they lead to a sharp jump in blood glucose, which is difficult to quickly compensate for the introduction of insulin or hypoglycemic drugs. It is necessary to give preference to “complex” carbohydrates, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains – they are slowly digested and the level of glucose in the blood rises smoothly.

– it is necessary to reduce the content of animal fats in the diet, which contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, and give preference to vegetable fats, fatty fish varieties are also useful;

– you should eat often, fractionally and in small portions to avoid sharp “splashes” of blood glucose levels;

– the diet should be rich in vitamins and minerals: their deficiency exacerbates metabolic disorders.

In patients with normal weight, the daily calorie content of the diet should correspond to energy expenditure, and overweight patients (which is more common in type 2 diabetes) should consume fewer calories than they spend in order to gradually and smoothly get rid of extra pounds. This is the easiest and most effective way to reduce weight!

An important role belongs to physical activity. Muscle work contributes to the utilization of glucose, helps to reduce weight, increases the sensitivity of receptors to insulin. In addition, physical exercises create conditions for better blood supply to all organs, primarily the heart and the skeletal muscles themselves, the formation of new vessels to replace the destroyed ones, which avoids their “drying out”.

According to the Russian and foreign diabetic associations, very little is needed to prevent the development of diabetes – only 150 minutes of active physical activity per week. Of course, we are not talking about calm walking, but the type of activity does not matter. The main thing is that classes give you pleasure (this will allow you not to abandon it in the near future) and be regular.

And, if you smoke, quitting smoking will further reduce your risk of developing diabetes. So far, the opinions of scientists about why smoking provokes diabetes are rather contradictory, but the very fact that smoking affects the development of diabetes is beyond doubt, even though smokers, on average, have a lower body weight.

Be healthy!

Chief External Endocrinologist

Health Department of the Lipetsk Region

Gorbunova Natalya Petrovna

90,000 increased blood sugar in men: symptoms and causes of

Content

• 1 increased blood sugar in men: symptoms and causes of
  • 1.1 Equenced blood sugar: causes and symptoms in men
    • 1.1.1 is high blood sugar?
  • 1.2 What are the symptoms of high blood sugar in men?
  • 1. 3 Who is at risk of developing high blood sugar?
  • 1.4 What habits can raise blood sugar levels in men?
  • 1.5 Diseases that cause high blood sugar in men
  • 1.6 Role of diet in high blood sugar in men
  • 1.7 Physical activity as a way to lower blood sugar in men
  • men
  • 1.9 How is high blood sugar diagnosed in men?
  • 1.10 Consequences of uncontrolled high blood sugar in men
  • 1.11 How can high blood sugar be prevented in men?
  • 1.12 Related videos:
  • 1.13 Q&A:
    • • 1.13.0.1 What are the symptoms of high blood sugar in men?
      • 1.13.0.2 What are the causes of high blood sugar in men?
      • 1.13.0.3 How to determine the blood sugar level in men?
      • 1.13.0.4 What are the complications of high blood sugar in men?
      • 1.13.0.5 How to treat high blood sugar in men?
      • 1.13.0.6 Can men prevent high blood sugar?

Find out what high blood sugar means in men and what symptoms it can cause. The causes and methods of treatment of hyperglycemia are considered.

High blood sugar can lead to serious health complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney problems. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is important to prevent these problems.

Men with high blood sugar may experience symptoms such as frequent thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, insomnia, skin rashes, muscle and joint pain.

What can lead to high blood sugar levels in men? These can be eating disorders, an inactive lifestyle, a genetic predisposition, stress, certain medications, and other reasons.

It is important to note that regular blood sugar monitoring and proper treatment will help prevent serious complications and maintain good health.

High blood sugar: causes and symptoms in men

What is high blood sugar?

Elevated blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, is a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal. Prolonged exposure to this condition can lead to serious health consequences.

An increase in blood sugar levels can be caused by a disorder of the insulin system (the body’s inability to properly process glucose), as well as other diseases and factors such as obesity, stress, lack of sleep, thyroid disorders, etc.

Symptoms of high blood sugar may include persistent thirst, frequent urination, dry mouth, weakness, fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, lethargy, etc.

What are the symptoms of high blood sugar in men?

Excessive fatigue – Elevated blood sugar levels can lead to weakness and tiredness even with minimal exercise. The man may feel drowsy and unproductive.

Frequent urination – High blood sugar in men can lead to frequent urination. This is because the kidneys are working hard to remove excess glucose from the blood.

Extreme thirst – due to the body’s increased need for fluid, elevated sugar levels can lead to supersaturation of blood glucose and cause thirst.

Increased appetite – People with high blood sugar levels may experience a constant need to eat, including sweets.

Delayed healing of wounds and infections – Elevated blood sugar levels can impair the functioning of certain cells in the body, as well as impair the functioning of the immune system, which can lead to slow wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.

Who is at risk of developing high blood sugar?

Men over the age of 45 are at risk because the likelihood of developing diabetes increases with age. It is also important to take into account the presence of a genetic predisposition to the disease.

Overweight and obese men are also at risk as body weight is directly related to blood sugar levels.

Men who lead an unhealthy lifestyle , including those who eat foods high in carbohydrates and fats, and those who are inactive and do not control stress levels, may also be at risk of developing high blood sugar.

Men with other conditions such as hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, Parkinson’s disease and adrenal hyperplasia are at risk. Diseases of the liver and pancreas can also affect blood sugar levels.

What habits can raise sugar levels in men?

Improper diet: Consuming foods rich in sugar and carbohydrates can increase blood sugar levels in men. Too much sugary drinks, confectionery, white bread and other flour products can lead to high blood glucose levels.

Too much alcohol: Too much alcohol can lead to problems with blood sugar regulation and even interfere with the anti-insulin function of the liver.

Smoking: Smoking can cause high blood sugar levels because nicotine can damage pancreatic cells, resulting in decreased insulin production and increased blood glucose levels.

Physical inactivity: Some men may have high blood sugar due to physical inactivity. Regular exercise helps to normalize blood sugar levels and control weight.

Stress: Men who face stressful situations may have trouble regulating their blood sugar levels. Since stress can increase the levels of hormones that affect sugar levels, imbalances in insulin can lead to a temporary increase in blood glucose levels.

Diseases that cause high blood sugar in men

Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of high blood sugar in men. This disease is characterized by a lack of insulin, the hormone responsible for normal blood sugar levels.

Pancreatitis – Inflammation of the pancreas that can lead to reduced insulin production, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

Hormonal disorders, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, can affect blood sugar levels.

Corticosteroids, such as asthma or skin medications, may cause blood sugar levels to rise.

Obesity, which is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, can also affect blood sugar levels.

Heart failure may also cause high blood sugar levels.

It is important to note that blood sugar levels can change depending on many factors such as physical activity, diet, stress and other illnesses and conditions.

The role of nutrition in high blood sugar levels in men

Proper nutrition plays an important role in maintaining health, including in controlling blood sugar levels in men. In type 2 diabetes, blood sugar levels rise because the body cannot effectively use insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. However, proper nutrition can help lower blood sugar levels and improve feelings of well-being.

In addition, watch portion sizes and foods consumed by men with elevated blood sugar levels. Overeating and frequent snacking should be avoided. It is recommended to reduce the consumption of alcohol, which can increase blood sugar levels. Finally, eating regularly will also help control blood sugar levels in men.

• Recommended foods: Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, animal and vegetable proteins.
• Must avoid: Foods containing simple carbohydrates, alcohol, excessive food intake.
• Advice: Eating regularly will help control blood sugar levels in men.

Physical activity as a way to lower blood sugar levels in men

Elevated blood sugar levels in men can cause various diseases, including type 2 diabetes. One way to lower blood sugar levels is to be physically active.

During exercise, blood glucose drops as it is used for energy production. Thus, exercising regularly or simply being active can help control blood sugar levels in men.

It is important to remember to start with small loads and gradually increase them. When playing sports, it is necessary to monitor the level of sugar in the blood, use the dose of insulin required by the endocrinologist, and also use special glucometers.

1. 1. Some of the most effective physical activities for lowering blood sugar in men are:

In addition, regular physical activity improve blood flow, body shape and general well-being of men.

Medications to control blood sugar in men

Men may need medication if they have high blood sugar levels. One of the most common classes of drugs are hypoglycemic agents.

Another important class of drugs are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. These drugs slow down the process of digestion of carbohydrates in the intestines, which helps to avoid a sharp increase in sugar levels after a meal.

It is important to note that when using drugs, you must follow the doctor’s recommendations and control blood sugar levels in order to avoid possible complications.

1. 1. • Hypoglycemic agents:
        • Metformin
        • Gliptins
        • Sulfonylureas
        • Meglitinides
        • Thiazolididiones
      • Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: 90 167
        • Acarbose
        • Miglitol

How is high blood sugar diagnosed in men ?

To diagnose high blood sugar in men, a special study is carried out – a glycemic profile. It consists in determining the level of glucose in the blood on an empty stomach, as well as after taking a certain amount of glucose.

If test results indicate high blood sugar, your doctor may order additional tests, such as an insulin resistance test, to determine the cause of your high blood sugar.

It is important to see your doctor if you have symptoms of high blood sugar such as frequent urination, excessive thirst and dry mouth, extreme tiredness and drowsiness.

Consequences of uncontrolled high blood sugar in men

Uncontrolled high blood sugar in men can lead to serious health problems, some of which can be life-threatening.

1. 1. • Diabetic ketoacidosis: Diabetic ketoacidosis can occur when blood sugar levels are elevated and not controlled and treated. This is a serious condition that can lead to diabetic coma.
      • Cardiovascular disease: High blood sugar levels increase the risk of heart and vascular disease. Uncontrolled blood sugar can damage the walls of the arteries, leading to diseases such as arteriosclerosis and stroke.
      • Nerve damage: High blood sugar can cause nerve damage, especially in men with diabetes. This can lead to loss of sensation, pain, or even paralysis.
      • Kidney problems: Elevated blood sugar can damage the kidneys and lead to chronic kidney failure.
      • Loss of vision: High blood sugar can damage the fundus of the eye, which can lead to loss of vision.

Therefore, at the first sign of high blood sugar, you should consult a doctor and start treatment and control your blood sugar.

How to prevent high blood sugar in men?

Watch your diet. Proper nutrition is a key factor in preventing high blood sugar levels. Avoiding sugary, fatty, and fast foods can help reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes. Instead, opt for fresh fruits and vegetables, healthy proteins, and healthy fats.

Start exercising. Regular exercise may help manage blood sugar and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Choose the right exercises for you that will allow you to keep fit.

Give up bad habits. Smoking and drinking can lead to many diseases, including diabetes. If you smoke or drink alcohol, then you need to stop or minimize their consumption.

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Watch your weight. Being overweight can lead to type 2 diabetes in men. Therefore, it is important to monitor your weight and take steps, if necessary, to reduce it. If you are not sure how to manage your weight, then consult a nutritionist or doctor.

Check your blood sugar. Checking your blood sugar regularly will help you keep track of your health and detect any changes in it in a timely manner. In case of detecting elevated blood sugar levels, you should immediately consult a doctor and start treatment to prevent further deterioration of your health.

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Q&A:

What are the symptoms of high blood sugar in men?

Symptoms of high blood sugar in men may include frequent urination, feeling thirsty and hungry, tiredness and irritability, slow wound healing, itching and numbness in the extremities. In more advanced cases, vision problems, abdominal pain, and even loss of consciousness may occur.

What are the causes of high blood sugar in men?

Increased blood sugar in men can be caused by genetic predisposition, poor diet, physical inactivity, stress, thyroid disease, liver and pancreas disease, and certain medications.

How to determine the blood sugar level in men?

Blood sugar levels in men can be determined using blood taken from a finger or a vein, which is taken for analysis. There is also a test for determining the level of glycated hemoglobin, which shows the average level of sugar in the blood over the past 2-3 months.

What are the complications of high blood sugar in men?

High blood sugar in men can lead to serious complications such as heart and vascular disease, nerve damage, kidney problems, vision problems, wounds that do not heal well, and infections such as diabetic foot. In the most severe cases, elevated blood sugar can lead to coma and even death.