Nosebleeds In The Elderly: Causes and Treatment

March 05, 2019

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For most of your life, nosebleeds are nothing to worry about. However, when compared to young adults, sometimes nosebleeds in the elderly could be a symptom of something more severe. The good news is that most of the time, a nosebleed is still just a nosebleed.

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The bad news is that frequent nosebleeds in older adults could indicate arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, coagulation disorders, and half a dozen or more other serious conditions. Even if the underlying cause is as simple as dry air, regular nosebleeds may lead to anemia, so it’s not a longterm problem you can ignore.

What causes nosebleeds in the elderly?

For nosebleeds that aren’t a symptom of another health problem, the most common causes of nosebleeds in elderly adults are actually related to natural aging. In many cases, these types of nosebleeds are avoidable, or alleviation is possible.

In a literal sense, our skin often gets thinner with age. Thin skin is easier to damage, so habitual nose picking with lengthy nails can become a recipe for bleeding. Similar damage occurs when forcefully clearing the nose. Even blowing too hard into a tissue may tear sensitive mucous membranes. Besides the possibility of tearing, those tissues can become dried out by changes in temperature and humidity. Dried skin may crack and bleed, and with thinner skin, each of these problems can occur more frequently.

But what causes severe nosebleeds in elderly adults? Unfortunately, the answer could be anything from head trauma from a fall to heart disease. Head trauma is usually recognizable. In the case of heart disease, an older adult with hardened arteries may bleed from deeper in the nose, which means more blood drains during a nosebleed. Excessive nosebleeds in elderly adults have so many possible causes, your physician is the only one who can determine if nosebleeds are something more.

Treatment for nosebleeds in elderly adults

Well-trimmed nails, a humidifier, and being gentler on the nose can help reduce the rate of nosebleeds. Quitting smoking is a good idea for many reasons, but in this case, it’s a good idea because smoke can dry the nose. To be proactive, you can apply a saline nasal product or petroleum jelly to help moisturize the inside of the nose.

To stop a nosebleed, start by pinching the soft cartilage of the nose. Breathe through the mouth while leaning forward because it helps drain blood to the nose, instead of the throat. And instead of laying down, remain upright to reduce blood pressure on the vessels of the nose. That will discourage bleeding.

You can further discourage bleeding by placing an icepack across the bridge of the nose. If you don’t have an icepack on hand, a bag of frozen veggies works as a substitute.

Following these steps, nosebleeds in older adults should last no longer than 15 minutes.

When to seek help for nosebleeds

Severe nosebleeds in the elderly can sometimes require treatment. With heavy bleeding, or bleeding that doesn’t stop in 20 minutes, consider seeking urgent care, particularly if your loved one is taking a blood-thinning medication, or another anticoagulant which may interfere with clotting.

For older adults who have experienced frequent nosebleeds, be on the lookout for shortness of breath, heart palpitations, paleness, and other symptoms of anemia. These are indications you should seek emergency care.

Just a nosebleed

Most nosebleeds aren’t anything to worry about. In most instances, helping your loved ones suffer from fewer nosebleeds will be as simple as following the steps outlined above. However, it’s always important to identify the cause of frequent nosebleeds in elderly adults. Whether it’s low humidity or something more severe, regularly losing blood will eventually lead to serious health repercussions.

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7 Causes of Nose Bleeding in Elderly

Most young adults tend to ignore nose bleeding as it is nothing severe to worry about. However, when compared to the young generation, a nose bleed in the elderly can be a symptom of something severe that requires immediate medical attention.

According to medical experts, frequent or heavy nose bleeding in older adults could be a sign of arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, coagulation disorder, and various other serious health conditions. Even if it is mere dry air that causes frequent or heavy nose bleeding in the elderly, the best is to get medical treatment. Before jumping onto the reasons for nose bleeding, let us understand what happens when the nose starts bleeding.

What is Nose Bleeding?

Nose bleeding or nasal bleeding is the loss of blood from the tissue that lines the inside of the nose. It is common as the location of the nose is such that it is surrounded by numerous blood vessels. Any injury in and around the nose thus leads to immediate nose bleeding. There are two main types of nose bleeding.

1.    Anterior – An anterior nose bleed starts in the front of the nose on the lower part of the inner wall of the nose that separate the two nostrils. The blood vessels and capillaries in this part of the nose are fragile and can easily break. This is the most common type and can be treated at home.

2.    Posterior – A posterior nose bleed occurs deep inside the nose due to the breakage of a larger blood vessel, usually at the back part near the throat. This damage causes heavy nose bleeding and required immediate medical treatment. This type of nose bleed is common in the elderly.

What Causes Nose Bleeding?

There are many reasons behind nose bleeding, dry air being the most common one. The good news is that most of them are not serious and can be treated with home remedies. However, nose bleed causes in the elderly could be something serious and hence one should immediately consult a doctor.

To put you at ease when taking care of elderly people at home, we have collated a list of common nose bleeding or nasal bleeding causes in the elderly

1.

    Underlying Health Condition

Health problems like liver disease and kidney disease are among the major reasons behind nose bleeding in the elderly. These conditions can lower the blood’s ability to stay in the right consistency and hence results in an easy flow. This blood comes out of the most vulnerable part of your body, which is the nose and causes frequent nose bleeding. Other reasons may include high blood pressure and congestive heart failure that causes a rapid increase in the flow of blood, thereby damaging the blood vessels.

2.    Dry Air

Dry air is among the most common causes of anterior nasal bleeding, which is not that serious and easily treated at home. This is because the dryness in the air irritates the nasal membrane and causes crusts. These crusts, when scratched or itched, can result in nose bleeding. As the skin gets thinner with age, the risk of damage also increases. Even a slight prick or scratch can create a cut deep enough to break the blood vessel. Similar damage may occur when forcefully cleaning the nose or blowing too hard.

3.    Blood Thinning Medication

Blood-thinning or anticoagulant medicines like aspirin do not cause nose bleeding themselves. However, their properties to reduce blood clots and bring back the blood’s actual consistency can be a reason behind nose bleeding. If the dosage of the medication is not monitored, the blood will not be able to form clots to seal the wounds, leading to a frequent or heavy flow immediately after a cut or scratch that prevails for longer than usual.

4.    Bleeding Disorders

Bleeding disorders like haemophilia or von Willebrand disease can also be some of the causes of nasal bleeding. Such conditions occur when the blood loses its ability to clot. In normal clotting, platelets stick together and form a seal at the site of injury. However, in case of bleeding disorders, the blood is unable to seal the injury, thus resulting in the free flow of blood in case an injury occurs inside the nose.

5.    High Altitude

Another one of the most common reasons for nose bleeding in the elderly is being up at a very high altitude, especially in the case of the elderly. As one climbs higher, the amount of oxygen in the air decreases, making the air thinner and drier. This, in turn, causes the already fragile inner lining of the nose to crack and eventually bleed. However, this is not a serious problem and can be immediately treated by pinching the nose.

6.    Respiratory Infection

An upper respiratory tract infection often results in nose bleeding as the inner lining of the nose is irritated by the mucus. Sometimes, the infection is accompanied by frequent sneezing and coughing, which may irritate the skin further. These reasons along with the efforts to clean the nasal passage like blowing or nasal sprays can cause nasal bleeding.

7.    Facial or Nasal Surgery

Minor nasal bleeding is common after facial or nasal surgery and, in fact, a part of the healing process. However, when the bleeding prevails for longer or is heavy in flow, one may have to consult a doctor to seek immediate treatment and also look for possible reasons other than the surgery itself.

We hope that the given information helped make you understand the causes of nose bleeding in the elderly. In case of further assistance or requirement of elderly health service, you can get in touch with Emoha where it is always #EldersFirst.

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Bleeding from the nose due to trauma usually does not raise questions, but if it occurs without any mechanical impact, and even more often, this should alert

What can be the causes of frequent nosebleeds and how they can be cured – tells otorhinolaryngologist of the clinic “Semeynaya” Olga Pavlovna Soloshenko.

If the bleeding does not occur from trauma and recurs periodically, it is better not to delay the visit to the ENT. After all, bleeding can be anterior and posterior – the second happens less often, but it is much more dangerous. With anterior bleeding, blood only goes out, with posterior bleeding, it flows into the mouth or stomach along the back of the pharynx. Posterior is usually caused by damage to larger vessels that are located deep in the nasal cavity. It is very difficult to stop back bleeding without a doctor.

Causes of nosebleeds:

• Trauma. Injury to the nose is often fraught with cartilage fractures. As a rule, this is accompanied by swelling and pain.
• High blood pressure. Very common cause. Due to a sharp jump, the walls of the capillaries easily burst. Pressure rises due to overload, as well as in the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Sunstroke and any sudden increase in body temperature.
• Overwork.
• Hormonal changes. Bleeding may occur in women during the months of pregnancy or menopause, and in adolescents at puberty.
• Dry air. It causes dryness of the mucous membrane.
• Poor blood clotting.
• ENT diseases. Sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis – all of them can cause bleeding, especially with the constant use of drugs that thin the mucous membrane.
• Vascular problems. Even infectious diseases such as chickenpox, measles, influenza, etc. can lead to them.
• Polyps, adenoids, tumors. In addition to occasional bleeding, they simply make breathing difficult.
• Foreign body – can damage the mucous membranes and blood vessels.
• Deficiency of vitamins K, C and calcium.

First aid rules for nosebleeds:

• Lie down (or position the patient) with legs down
• Tilt head forward
• Place a cold compress on the bridge of the nose for a few minutes
• Cover nose with hand or insert swab pre-soaked in hydrogen peroxide
• Drops for vasoconstriction can be instilled

Attention, this must not be done!

• Throwing the head back (contrary to popular belief) – blood can enter the respiratory tract
• Blow your nose – so as not to increase bleeding without it.

Which cases require an immediate call to a doctor and an ambulance

• In case of loss of consciousness
• For excessive bleeding
• Blood flows with clear fluid (this may occur after trauma and indicate a skull fracture)
• If vomiting of blood occurs (possibly indicating bleeding in the esophagus or stomach)
• Foamy blood (possible with lung injury)
• In a patient with diabetes mellitus
• If the patient is known to have poor blood clotting

Treatment

Treatment of bleeding is carried out in a complex manner. Often, an otorhinolaryngologist works in conjunction with a general practitioner, neurologist, endocrinologist, and hematologist.

At the first examination, the doctor determines the type of bleeding – anterior or posterior. Also, the patient is required to pass a general blood test and a coagulogram (analysis of blood coagulation indicators). In addition, it is important to measure the pressure, because if it is above the norm (the absolute norm is 120/80 mm Hg, but these figures change depending on age), the blood will not stop until it decreases.

In case of significant blood loss, the patient may be left in the hospital.

As a treatment for bleeding, it is possible to pack the nasal cavity, cauterize vessels (with drugs, laser, ultrasound, etc.), remove polyps. If there is no result, surgical ligation of vessels in problem areas is performed. In addition, drugs are prescribed that increase blood clotting.

Prevention

• Taking drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels
• Nutrition rich in vitamins and minerals
• Air humidification during the heating season
• Injury Prevention
• Monitoring blood pressure and taking medications to lower it

Nosebleeds are not only unpleasant, but also dangerous. Therefore, as soon as it begins to bother you regularly, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. It is better to exclude all the most terrible causes of such a phenomenon as soon as possible and then it is already calmer to engage in further treatment.

Make an appointment with an otolaryngologist

Be sure to consult a qualified specialist in the field of nose diseases at the Semeynaya clinic.

For prices for pediatric appointments or other questions, follow the link below

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causes, symptoms and effective treatments

Contents

• 1 Nosebleeds: causes, symptoms and effective treatments
  • 1.1 Nosebleeds: what are the causes and symptoms?
  • 1.2 What is epistaxis?
  • 1.3 Causes of nosebleeds
  • 1.4 Symptoms of nosebleeds
  • 1.5 How to stop nosebleeds at home?
  • 1.6 Tips for preventing nosebleeds
    • 1.6.1 1. Humidify the air in the room
    • 1.6.2 2. Avoid injury
    • 1.6.3 3. Monitor blood pressure
    • 1 .6.4 4. Control the impact on nasal mucosa
    • 1.6.5 5. Consult a doctor
  • 1.7 When should I see a doctor for nosebleeds?
  • 1. 8 Diagnosis of nosebleeds
  • 1.9 Treatment for nosebleeds: what the doctor looks for
    • 1.9.1 Diagnosis and causes of nosebleeds
    • 1.9.2 Treatment of acute nosebleeds
    • 1.9.2 Treatment of acute nosebleeds
    • 1.9.2. 9.3 Treatment of chronic epistaxis
    • 1.9.4 Recommendations for prevention
  • 1.10 Duration of treatment for nosebleeds
  • 1.11 Possible complications from nosebleeds
  • 1.12 Treatments for nosebleeds: which are the most effective?
  • 1.13 Related videos:
  • 1.14 Q&A:
    • • 1.14.0.1
      • 1.14.0.2
      • 1.14.0.3 900 08
      • 1.14.0.4
      • 1.14.0.5
      • 1.14.0.6

Learn about the causes and symptoms of nosebleeds and the various treatments for this common condition. Reliable advice and modern approaches from leading experts.

Nosebleeds are frightening for many people, especially if they occur outside of trauma. In most cases, this is a non-serious condition that does not require complex treatment. However, not always bleeding can be stopped by home methods and then you will need to see a doctor. In this article, we look at the most common causes of nosebleeds, symptoms, and treatments.

Nosebleeds can have many causes. In most cases, this happens during the SARS season, when the nasal mucosa becomes thinner and more prone to damage. Also, bleeding can be caused by overexertion, changes in atmospheric pressure, or even excessive alcohol consumption. However, in some cases, bleeding may be due to more serious conditions such as hypertension, thrombocytopenia, or trauma.

Symptoms of nosebleeds are usually quite obvious and can be noticed immediately. If you have a nosebleed, lack of air, loss of consciousness, then you should immediately consult a doctor. Other symptoms include redness of the eyes, a feeling of pressure in the head, and severe nausea. All these symptoms should cause anxiety and become a reason for a visit to the doctor.

Nosebleeds: what are the causes and symptoms?

Nosebleeds can occur due to various causes, including overexertion, nasal trauma, hypertension, vascular disease, and bleeding disorders. Symptoms of a nosebleed may include a bleeding nose, vomiting blood, bloody discharge from the throat, and moderate to severe blood loss.

If you experience nosebleeds, you need to take steps to stop the bleeding. There are various treatments for nosebleeds, depending on its cause. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

Important factors in the treatment of nosebleeds are the control of blood pressure and the improvement of blood clotting. For nosebleeds, it is recommended to sit with your head tilted, keeping your head down to avoid blood entering the lungs. It is also necessary to apply a round gauze patch moistened with hydrogen peroxide solution to the inside of the nose and to suppress the wings of the nose to stop the bleeding.

• Treatment of nosebleeds depends on its cause
• Take measures to stop the bleeding
• Need to control blood pressure and improve blood clotting
• Sit with the head tilted, holding the head down
• Apply a round gauze patch moistened with a peroxide solution hydrogen

What is a nosebleed?

Nosebleed is a situation where blood flows out of the nose. It can be caused by a variety of reasons, such as trauma, allergies, infections, or certain medications. The bleeding may be only a few drops, or it may be heavy and prolonged.

Nosebleeds are quite common in children and adults. According to statistics, up to 60% of people experience it at least once in their lives. Most cases of nosebleeds are not life-threatening and can be treated with home remedies, but some cases may require medical attention.

• Signs of nosebleeds may include:
• Nose bleeding
• Feeling of fluid leaking in the throat
• Pain or discomfort in the nose
• Heavy breathing through the nose
• Cough with bloody discharge

Causes of nosebleeds

Nosebleeds can occur for many reasons. It can be caused by trauma, an insect bite, a fall, chemical exposure, or even a runny nose. However, there are many other factors that can also play a role.

• Dry air: Dry air can cause dryness and irritation in the nose, resulting in increased vulnerability of the blood vessels.
• Acute or chronic rhinitis: nasal vessels can dilate and constrict in response to inflammation in the nose, which can lead to damage.
• High blood pressure: High blood pressure may increase the risk of bleeding.
• Medications: Some medications, such as aspirin and anti-inflammatory drugs, can increase the chance of nosebleeds.

Understanding the causes of nosebleeds is an important step towards preventing and treating them. For recurrent bleeding, seek medical attention to determine the cause and obtain appropriate treatment.

Nosebleed symptoms

Unexpected nosebleeds can be a very frightening and disturbing event, especially for children and the elderly. The symptoms of nosebleeds can vary depending on what type of bleeding is occurring.

• Blood from the nose may run down the throat or out onto the face and clothing.
• Often there is a feeling of increased pulsation in the occipital region of the head.
• Some patients complain of weakness and dizziness with epistaxis.
• An often accompanying symptom is dryness or itching in the nose.
• In more rare cases, bleeding may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting as a result of swallowing blood.

In any case, if you notice symptoms of nosebleeds, do not delay visiting a doctor, as regular bleeding may be a sign of a more serious condition.

How to stop nosebleeds at home?

Nosebleeds can occur at any time and instantly ruin your mood. Although some cases require medical attention, many nosebleeds can be stopped on their own.

The first step in stopping a nosebleed is to compress the nasal passages by pressing the nasal passage against the midline with the nostrils and holding it in this position for 10-15 minutes. This helps reduce bleeding and allows the blood to thicken.

If pressing down on the nose does not help, try inserting a cotton swab soaked in hydrogen peroxide or vodka into the nostril. It may also help stop bleeding. However, if the bleeding does not stop within half an hour, it is necessary to consult a doctor for advice and additional treatment.

• First steps for nosebleeds:
• Sit with your head down and in a comfortable position.
• Squeeze your nose with your fingers and hold in this position for 10-15 minutes.
• If the bleeding does not stop, try inserting a cotton swab soaked in hydrogen peroxide or vodka.
• Seek medical attention if bleeding persists for more than 30 minutes.

Tips for preventing nosebleeds

1. Humidify your room

Dry air can cause dryness of the nasal mucosa, which can lead to irritation and bleeding. Put a humidifier in the room or use other methods of humidifying the air, such as boiling water on batteries or using a basin of water on a radiator.

2. Avoid traumatic situations

Do not engage in active sports without special protection for the nose, avoid blows to the nose. In addition, do not forget to clean your nose from a runny nose and special sprays to avoid damage to the mucous membrane.

3. Watch your blood pressure

High blood pressure can lead to nosebleeds. If you have pressure problems, see your doctor for advice and treatment to avoid complications.

4. Control exposure to the nasal mucosa

Do not overdry the mucosa by rinsing the nose too frequently or use chemicals that irritate the mucosa. Pay attention to what you eat and drink to avoid the possibility of allergic reactions.

5. Consult a physician

If you have had nosebleeds or often suffer from dry nose, consult your physician. He or she may prescribe special treatments and medicines to help prevent bleeding.

When should I see a doctor for nosebleeds?

If the nosebleed does not stop after more than 20 minutes, a doctor should be consulted. You should also seek medical attention if bleeding occurs regularly, more than once a week, or occurs for no apparent reason.

If nosebleeds occur after a head or face injury, this may indicate a serious injury that requires medical attention.

A frequent drop in hemoglobin levels can also be a symptom of nosebleeds, so if you’re feeling tired, weak, dizzy and have a fast heartbeat, don’t put off seeing your doctor.

It is important to remember that uncontrolled nosebleeds can lead to serious complications such as loss of consciousness, anemia, and respiratory and brain infections, so seek immediate medical attention.

Diagnosing nosebleeds

Nosebleeds can happen at any time, so it’s important to know how to diagnose them. The first sign is the appearance of blood from the nose. However, if the bleeding continues for more than 10-15 minutes, a doctor should be consulted.

Your doctor will examine your nasopharynx with special instruments to determine the source of the bleeding. A general and biochemical blood test may also be prescribed to detect the presence of diseases that can cause bleeding.

For those who often experience nosebleeds, it is recommended to carry spare tissues and keep anti-bleeding medicines at home. If frequent bleeding occurs, consult a doctor to clarify the diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

Treatment for nosebleeds: what the doctor pays attention to

Diagnosis and causes of nosebleeds

The doctor examines and determines the cause of bleeding. An examination, such as an X-ray, may be required. The cause may be due to the presence of vascular disorders, damage to the walls of blood vessels, polyps, blood diseases or hemorrhagic diathesis.

Treatment of acute nosebleeds

The physician must quickly stop the bleeding. First, he needs to determine in which area the bleeding occurs. Conservative methods of treatment: compression with occlusion of the cervical artery, swelling of splints on the shoulders, cryotherapy, injections of restorative blood components, vascular cautery with laser therapy.

Treatment of chronic nosebleeds

In the chronic form of nosebleeds, complex treatment is used, the use of surgical methods and medicines in order to eliminate the cause of hemorrhage and strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Often, doctors recommend taking vitamins, dietary supplements that improve the condition of the walls of blood vessels and correct the risk of bleeding.

Prevention tips

To prevent nosebleeds, avoid hypothermia, engage in strengthening exercises, alternate work and rest, control blood pressure, and avoid alcohol and tobacco products. Regular moisturizing of the nasal mucosa, daily cleansing of the nasal passages and prevention of chronic diseases are important to prevent nosebleeds.

Duration of treatment for epistaxis

How long it takes to treat a nosebleed depends on the cause and the severity of the symptoms. It usually takes a few minutes for minor bleeding to stop and fully recover. However, if the bleeding does not stop, specialized medical attention is required.

To avoid recurrence of nosebleeds, a few simple guidelines must be followed. For example, avoid injury to the nasal mucosa or colds, use special products to moisturize the mucous membrane, limit alcohol and smoking. If nosebleeds recur regularly, you should be examined by a specialist and receive recommendations for treatment.

Treatment times for nosebleeds vary and depend on the individual patient. In most cases, treatment is possible on an outpatient basis, but in severe cases, hospitalization may be required. With the right treatment, bleeding should stop within minutes to hours.

In the treatment of nosebleeds, the doctor may use various methods, such as building up a layer of clotted blood, applying chemical solutions, coagulation, and others. After the procedure, it is necessary to observe the ban on taking hot baths and showers, avoid intense physical activity, do not slam doors or make other sudden movements that can cause re-bleeding.

It is important to understand that each patient has their own individual characteristics, such as weight, age, presence of chronic diseases, which can affect the duration of treatment for nosebleeds. Therefore, it is necessary to interact with the doctor and follow his recommendations in order to minimize the risks of relapses and restore the body’s performance as soon as possible.

Possible complications from nosebleeds

Nosebleeds, although minor, can lead to serious complications. One of the most common is anemia, caused by the loss of a significant amount of blood. With a lack of iron in the blood, biochemical processes in the body slow down, immunity decreases, growth and development can be slowed down.

Another complication is difficulty in breathing. If the bleeding goes on continuously and does not stop, then the blood saturates the nasal passages and does not allow air to pass through the nose. In this case, there may be a delay in breathing and oxygen starvation.

In addition, nosebleeds can lead to visual impairment, especially in children. With a significant loss of blood in the body, the hemoglobin content decreases, which causes a change in color perception and a slowdown in the reaction of vision.

• Complications from nosebleeds:
• Anemia;
• Difficulty breathing;
• Visual impairment;

If the nosebleed does not stop for more than 20 minutes, a doctor should be consulted. This will help prevent possible complications and prevent blood loss.

Methods for the treatment of nosebleeds: what are the most effective?

Epistaxis requires an integrated approach to treatment. But what methods are most effective in stopping bleeding?

• External cardioversion method . In this method, doctors press on the wings of the nose to close the bleeding capillary network. This may prevent continued bleeding.
• Introduction to vasoconstrictor drugs nose . Medications such as oxymetazoline, econazoline, or phenylephrine derivatives constrict the vessels in the nose. This can be used to stop nosebleeds.
• Specialized aortic catheterization . In this method, a catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin and moved towards the head.