What are stretch marks and why do they occur. How can teens manage and reduce the appearance of stretch marks. Are there effective treatments for stretch marks in adolescents. What lifestyle factors contribute to stretch mark formation.

What Are Stretch Marks and How Do They Form?

Stretch marks are fine lines that appear on the skin when it undergoes rapid stretching or growth. They commonly occur during periods of significant physical changes, such as puberty, pregnancy, or rapid weight gain. But what exactly causes these marks to form?

The formation of stretch marks is closely tied to the skin’s collagen production. Collagen is a crucial protein that provides structure and elasticity to the skin. When the skin stretches too quickly, it disrupts the normal collagen production process. This disruption leads to the formation of scar-like marks known as stretch marks.

Initially, stretch marks may appear as reddish or purplish lines with a different texture from the surrounding skin. Over time, they often fade to a lighter color and become less noticeable. However, their appearance can vary depending on factors such as skin tone, location on the body, and the extent of skin stretching.

Who Is Most Likely to Develop Stretch Marks?

While stretch marks can affect anyone, certain groups are more prone to developing them:

• Teenagers going through puberty
• Pregnant women
• Individuals experiencing rapid weight gain or loss
• Bodybuilders and athletes undergoing intense muscle growth
• People using corticosteroid medications for extended periods

Genetics also play a role in stretch mark formation. Some individuals may be more susceptible due to their skin’s natural elasticity and collagen production capabilities.

Are stretch marks more common in females or males?

While stretch marks can occur in both sexes, they are generally more common in females. This is partly due to hormonal changes during puberty and pregnancy, which can affect skin elasticity. Additionally, females tend to experience more significant body changes during these periods, increasing the likelihood of stretch mark formation.

Common Areas Where Stretch Marks Appear

Stretch marks can appear on various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in areas prone to rapid growth or fat storage. These areas include:

1. Thighs
2. Hips
3. Buttocks
4. Breasts
5. Abdomen
6. Upper arms
7. Lower back

The location of stretch marks often correlates with the underlying cause. For example, pregnancy-related stretch marks typically appear on the abdomen, breasts, and thighs, while those associated with puberty might be more prominent on the hips and buttocks.

Can Stretch Marks Be Prevented?

While it’s not always possible to prevent stretch marks entirely, there are several strategies that may help reduce their likelihood or severity:

• Maintaining a healthy, stable weight
• Staying hydrated to promote skin elasticity
• Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals
• Regular exercise to support skin health and elasticity
• Using moisturizers to keep skin supple

It’s important to note that these preventive measures may not be effective for everyone, as genetic factors play a significant role in stretch mark formation. However, adopting these healthy habits can contribute to overall skin health and may help minimize the appearance of stretch marks.

Do certain foods help prevent stretch marks?

While no specific food can guarantee prevention of stretch marks, a diet rich in certain nutrients may support skin health and elasticity. Foods high in vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids are particularly beneficial. These nutrients promote collagen production and skin elasticity, potentially reducing the risk of stretch mark formation.

Treatment Options for Stretch Marks in Teens

For teens concerned about the appearance of stretch marks, several treatment options are available. However, it’s important to note that most dermatologists and plastic surgeons do not recommend invasive treatments for teenagers, as their bodies are still developing. Here are some potential approaches:

• Topical creams and ointments
• Over-the-counter moisturizers
• Prescription retinoid creams
• Microdermabrasion (for older teens or young adults)
• Laser therapy (typically reserved for adults)

It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any treatment, especially for teens. Many treatments can be expensive and are often not covered by insurance. Additionally, the effectiveness of these treatments can vary significantly from person to person.

How effective are over-the-counter stretch mark creams?

The effectiveness of over-the-counter stretch mark creams is limited and varies among individuals. While some creams may help improve skin hydration and elasticity, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their ability to completely eliminate stretch marks. These products may be more effective in reducing the appearance of newer stretch marks rather than older, more established ones.

Natural Remedies and Home Care for Stretch Marks

For those seeking natural alternatives or complementary approaches to managing stretch marks, several home remedies and lifestyle changes may be beneficial:

1. Regular exfoliation to promote skin cell turnover
2. Applying natural oils like coconut oil or almond oil
3. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water
4. Using aloe vera gel for its soothing and healing properties
5. Massaging affected areas to improve circulation

While these natural remedies may not eliminate stretch marks completely, they can help improve overall skin health and potentially reduce the appearance of stretch marks over time. It’s important to be consistent with these practices and to have realistic expectations about their effectiveness.

Can vitamin E oil help fade stretch marks?

Vitamin E oil is often touted as a remedy for stretch marks due to its antioxidant properties and potential to improve skin elasticity. While some people report positive results, scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness in fading stretch marks is limited. Applying vitamin E oil may help moisturize the skin and potentially improve its overall appearance, but it’s unlikely to completely eliminate existing stretch marks.

The Psychological Impact of Stretch Marks on Teens

Stretch marks can have a significant psychological impact on teenagers, affecting their self-esteem and body image. It’s crucial to address these concerns and promote a healthy perspective on body changes during adolescence. Here are some ways to support teens dealing with stretch marks:

• Educating them about the normalcy of stretch marks during puberty
• Encouraging body positivity and self-acceptance
• Providing emotional support and open communication
• Promoting healthy lifestyle habits that contribute to overall well-being
• Addressing any bullying or negative comments related to stretch marks

It’s important for parents, educators, and healthcare providers to create a supportive environment where teens feel comfortable discussing their concerns about stretch marks and other body changes. Emphasizing that stretch marks are a natural part of growth and development can help alleviate anxiety and promote a healthier body image.

How can teens build confidence despite having stretch marks?

Building confidence with stretch marks involves focusing on self-acceptance and overall well-being. Teens can practice positive self-talk, celebrate their body’s strengths and capabilities, and engage in activities that boost self-esteem. Surrounding themselves with supportive friends and family, pursuing hobbies they enjoy, and developing skills in areas they’re passionate about can all contribute to building confidence that extends beyond physical appearance.

When to Seek Professional Help for Stretch Marks

While stretch marks are generally harmless and don’t require medical treatment, there are instances where consulting a healthcare professional may be beneficial:

1. If stretch marks appear suddenly without an apparent cause
2. When stretch marks are accompanied by other unusual skin changes
3. If stretch marks cause significant emotional distress
4. When considering treatment options for older teens or young adults
5. If there are concerns about underlying health conditions

A dermatologist or healthcare provider can assess the stretch marks, rule out any underlying medical conditions, and provide guidance on appropriate treatment options if necessary. They can also offer advice on managing the psychological aspects of dealing with stretch marks during adolescence.

Can certain medical conditions cause unusual stretch marks?

Yes, certain medical conditions can cause atypical stretch marks or exacerbate their formation. Cushing’s syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are examples of conditions that can affect collagen production or skin elasticity, leading to more prominent or unusual stretch marks. If stretch marks appear suddenly, are widespread, or are accompanied by other symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation.

The Future of Stretch Mark Treatment: Emerging Technologies and Research

As medical technology advances, new treatments for stretch marks are continually being developed and researched. Some promising areas of study include:

• Advanced laser therapies targeting specific skin layers
• Stem cell treatments to promote skin regeneration
• Nanotechnology-based topical treatments
• Combination therapies using multiple treatment modalities
• Genetic research to understand individual susceptibility to stretch marks

While many of these treatments are still in the experimental stages, they offer hope for more effective stretch mark management in the future. It’s important to stay informed about new developments and consult with healthcare professionals to understand the potential benefits and risks of emerging treatments.

How might future treatments differ from current options?

Future stretch mark treatments are likely to be more targeted and personalized. They may focus on stimulating collagen production at a cellular level, promoting skin regeneration, and addressing the underlying genetic factors that contribute to stretch mark formation. These advanced treatments could potentially offer more dramatic and long-lasting results compared to current options, with fewer side effects and shorter recovery times.

As research continues, it’s possible that preventive treatments may also be developed, allowing individuals at high risk of developing stretch marks to take proactive measures. However, it’s important to approach new treatments with cautious optimism and always consult with healthcare professionals before trying any experimental therapies.

Stretch Marks (for Teens) – Nemours KidsHealth

en español: Estrías

Reviewed by: Melanie L. Pitone, MD

What Are Stretch Marks?

Stretch marks are fine lines in the skin that happen when quick growth or weight gain stretches the skin (like during puberty). Skin is usually fairly stretchy, but when it’s overstretched, the normal production of collagen (the major protein that makes up the tissue in skin) is disrupted. As a result, the skin can develop stretch marks.

At first, stretch marks may show up as reddish or purplish lines that can look indented and have a different texture from the skin around them. Stretch marks often turn lighter and almost disappear over time.

Who Gets Stretch Marks?

Stretch marks are a normal part of puberty for most people. People who are obese often have stretch marks. Bodybuilders can get stretch marks because of the quick body changes that can come with bodybuilding. People who use steroid-containing skin creams or ointments (such as hydrocortisone) for more than a few weeks also may get stretch marks. So might people who have to take high doses of oral corticosteroids for months or longer.

How Can I Get My Stretch Marks to Go Away?

A
dermatologistor plastic surgeon are doctors who can help treat stretch marks. They specialize in caring for the skin. To reduce the appearance of stretch marks, they might use prescription creams, microdermabrasion, and laser treatment. But doctors don’t usually recommended these for teens because they’re still growing. So new stretch marks might appear and existing ones will probably fade a bit over time. Also, these treatments can be expensive and usually are not covered by insurance.

How Can I Make Stretch Marks Less Noticeable?

Here are some things to consider if you want to make stretch marks less noticeable:

• Some people find that sunless self-tanners can help cover up stretch marks. This isn’t true with regular tanning or tanning beds, though: Stretch marks are less likely to tan so may end up looking more obvious. Plus, the sun and tanning beds do more harm than good when it comes to the long-term health of your skin.
• Try using body makeup matched to your skin tone to cover stretch marks.
• Wear board shorts or rash guards. Bathing suits with more coverage work well for hiding stretch marks on the buttocks, upper thighs, and chest.

Many creams and other skin products claim to get rid of stretch marks, but the truth is that most don’t work and are costly. Usually, the best thing to do is be patient because stretch marks often fade with time. If they still bother you when you’re an adult, you can ask your doctor or see a specialist for treatment.

Reviewed by: Melanie L. Pitone, MD

Date reviewed: November 2020

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Stretch Marks – Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital

Home | Patients and Families | Health Library | Stretch Marks

Stretch marks are a normal part of puberty for most girls and guys. When a person grows or gains weight really quickly (like during puberty), that person may get fine lines on the body called stretch marks.

Stretch marks happen when the skin is pulled by rapid growth or stretching. Although the skin is usually fairly elastic, when it’s overstretched, the normal production of collagen (the major protein that makes up the connective tissue in your skin) is disrupted. As a result, scars called stretch marks may form.

If you’re noticing stretch marks on your body, you’re not alone. Most girls and women have them, usually on their breasts, thighs, hips, and butt. Many women get them during pregnancy. Stretch marks are more common in girls, but guys can get them, too.

People who are obese often have stretch marks. Bodybuilders are prone to getting stretch marks because of the rapid body changes that can go with bodybuilding. People who use steroid-containing skin creams or ointments (such as hydrocortisone) for more than a few weeks may also get stretch marks. So might people who have to take high doses of oral corticosteroids for months or longer.

At first, stretch marks may show up as reddish or purplish lines that can look indented and have a different texture from the skin around them. Stretch marks often turn lighter and almost disappear over time.

Making Them Less Noticeable

Here are some things to consider if you want to make stretch marks less noticeable:

• Some people find that sunless self-tanners can help cover up stretch marks. This isn’t true with regular tanning or tanning beds, though: Stretch marks are less likely to tan so may end up looking more obvious. Plus, the sun and tanning beds do more harm than good when it comes to the long-term health of your skin.
• Try using body makeup matched to the tone of your skin to cover stretch marks. Although some manufacturers make these cover-up products water-resistant, makeup may not be the best solution if you’ll be spending a lot of time in the water.
• Wear board shorts or rash guards. Bathing suits with more coverage are popular with many athletes because they protect against the sun and don’t ride up when a person moves. But these suit styles also work well for hiding stretch marks on the buttocks, upper thighs and chest.

Tons of creams and other skin products on the market claim to get rid of stretch marks, but the truth is that most don’t work and are costly.

You can’t make stretch marks go away completely without the help of a

dermatologist
 or plastic surgeon. These doctors may use one of many types of treatments — from actual surgery to techniques like microdermabrasion and laser treatment — to reduce the appearance of stretch marks.

These techniques are expensive and are not usually covered by insurance. Doctors don’t usually recommended them for teens because they’re not done growing so new stretch marks might appear and existing ones will probably lessen over time.

Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.

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Stretch marks – the whole truth – articles from the specialists of the clinic “Mother and Child”

Brezgunova Svetlana Leonidovna

Obstetrician-gynecologist

Clinic “Mother and Child” Togliatti

What is it

Stretch marks are also called striae. They appear in any area of ​​the body, but more often occur in those places where there is a large amount of fat. The most common locations are chest, abdomen, underarms, shoulders, hips, back and buttocks.

Stretch marks look like stripes on the skin, and over time their color changes. “Fresh” stretch marks are pinkish-red in color, the skin on them is slightly convex. Gradually, the striae increase in length and width, become bluish-violet, and eventually become discolored. This happens because at first there are still blood vessels inside the striae, which is why initially the stretch marks have such a bright color. Then the blood supply at the site of the stretch marks stops, the vessels become empty, the resulting skin defect is filled with connective tissue and the stretch marks become white. Since there is no pigment in the connective tissue, even under the influence of sunlight, the stretch marks remain white. Moreover, against the background of tanned skin, they become more noticeable.

Why they occur

It seems that the reason for the appearance of stretch marks during pregnancy is clear at first glance: the expectant mother’s belly grows, the skin stretches, and stretch marks form. Why, then, do they not occur in all expectant mothers? And is their appearance associated with weight gain? After all, it has been noticed, for example, that the likelihood of stretch marks does not depend on the size of the abdomen during pregnancy.

Stretch marks may appear in a woman with a small tummy, while a woman expecting twins will bypass this problem.

Why is this happening? Several factors come into play here. Yes, indeed, one of the reasons for the appearance of stretch marks is weight gain, but it is not so much the number of kilograms gained that is important, but how quickly a woman gained them: the faster the expectant mother gains weight, the higher the risk of stretch marks. That is why even with a small increase in weight, stretch marks can appear. The second reason for stretch marks is hormonal imbalance. During pregnancy, the amount of estrogen and cortisol decreases, resulting in a violation of the synthesis of skin and connective tissue proteins – collagen and elastin. Namely, with the help of these proteins, our skin can stretch well and restore its elasticity.

If there is not enough collagen and elastin, then the skin becomes brittle and thins faster, eventually, it breaks in some areas, and then scar connective tissue is formed in the places of tears .

And here is how the body of the expectant mother will behave during pregnancy: whether there will be sharp jumps in weight and hormonal imbalance (which means that stretch marks will appear or not, it is impossible to predict).

What to do?

Let’s just say that There is no 100% effective treatment for and prevention of stretch marks. For example, most creams, lotions, gels for the prevention of stretch marks simply contain moisturizing ingredients and help soften the skin, but do not affect the balance of hormones. Therefore, these remedies cannot prevent the appearance of stretch marks if hormonal disorders have occurred. Yes, and after childbirth, various laser procedures, peelings and resurfacing will not get rid of stretch marks at all, they will simply make them more invisible.

But this does not mean that we should give up and do nothing. You can do just a lot of things: even if you do not achieve a 100% effect, there will still be benefits.

– Monitor the nutrition of the and avoid sudden weight fluctuations. Do not forget to eat protein foods – protein, together with zinc and vitamin C, stimulates the production of collagen, which gives the skin elasticity. If you don’t feel like meat yet, include fish, dairy products and legumes in your diet – these are also sources of healthy protein.

– Avoid sweets – sugar slows down collagen renewal, the skin loses elasticity and water, becomes dry, sluggish, its elasticity decreases.

– From the first days of pregnancy constantly nourish and moisturize the skin . To do this, use creams, gels, lotions with collagen, elastin, as well as vitamins C and E . The main thing is that these drugs must be approved for use during pregnancy. Before you buy this or that product, carefully read the instructions and the composition of the drug. Find out the mechanism of action of biologically active substances of a cosmetic product from a sales assistant. If you still have doubts, consult with your obstetrician-gynecologist. Look into your wallet and make a choice.

– If finances allow, do salon procedures for body moisturizing that are allowed during pregnancy (seaweed wraps, for example), if not, limit yourself to ordinary skin moisturizing, it is also effective.

– Regularly take a contrast shower : it tones and firms the skin, and the problem areas receive the blood flow they need. You can massage individual parts of the body alternately with cold and warm jets. Just don’t aim the jet directly at your stomach.

– After showering, don’t dry your body, just pat it dry with a towel. You can do light pinching self-massage using moisturizing creams or natural vegetable oils (such as olive or linseed). Massage promotes the removal of excess fluid and activates the work of blood vessels – they quickly carry nutrients throughout the body. Important: when massaging the abdomen and chest, massage only the sides, thighs and legs.

– Swim : the contrast of water and air temperature, active physical activity also contribute to the prevention of stretch marks.

– During pregnancy , wear special bras, they will support the enlarged breasts and will not allow the skin to overstretch.

Even if stretch marks appear, don’t get upset. It has been noticed that if you immediately start a set of preventive measures (moisturizing the skin, proper nutrition, water procedures), then often stretch marks do not spread further. And if you start prevention from the first days of pregnancy, they may not appear at all.

REMINDER for moms

Start attacking stretch marks as early as possible: the younger they are, the less money and time it will take to eliminate them.

1. Watch your diet, try not to gain weight suddenly.
2. Daily moisturize and nourish the skin, not only the abdomen and chest, but also the thighs, buttocks, legs.
3. Lead an active lifestyle: walk in the fresh air, play sports, swim.
4. Take a contrast shower, do self-massage.
5. Wear the right underwear: a maternity bra is especially necessary for expectant mothers with large breasts

Note:

Stretch marks cannot be predicted. Even if during the last pregnancy there were no or, on the contrary, there were stretch marks, then there is no guarantee that the situation will repeat itself in the next pregnancy

You can make a composition for stretch marks yourself.

Here are the oils that will suit you:

• Jojoba oil is the most effective remedy: it is used for the prevention and elimination of skin stretch marks during and after pregnancy, as well as for weight gain and sudden weight loss.
• Essential oil of rosewood – helps to increase skin elasticity, also helps to dissolve small scars.
• Almond oil – especially effective for the care of areas of the body where skin elasticity is reduced.
• Grape seed oil – has a strong regenerating effect, improves skin elasticity.
• Peach oil – has a regenerating, softening effect on the skin, restores elasticity, rejuvenates sagging skin.

You can use any combination of these oils, such as jojoba + almond oil, or jojoba + grape seed oil.

Before using any oil, read the instructions, pay attention to contraindications. Try the oil or formulation on a small area of ​​your skin and see how it reacts throughout the day. If you experience discomfort or allergies, discard this remedy.

Make an appointment

to the doctor – Brezgunova Svetlana Leonidovna

Clinic “Mother and Child” Tolyatti

PregnancyPregnancy managementGynecologyChildren’s hospitalPregnancy diaryOperative childbirthPregnancy planningPreparation for operative childbirthPreparation for partner childbirthBaby care programMom’s school programsSchedule of childbirthPhysiological pregnancyFitness for pregnant women

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Postpartum Stretch Marks – How to Get Rid of Stretch Marks

Postpartum Stretch Marks are small, indented streaks on the skin that appear most often in the last trimester when the belly expands for a rapidly growing baby. They can occur not only on the abdomen, but also on the buttocks, chest and hips.

Why stretch marks appear on the abdomen after childbirth

During pregnancy, changes occur in the elastic support tissue that lies just under the skin. This is what causes stretch marks. The color of the stripes depends on the color of the skin and varies from pale pink to dark brown.

The main causes of stretch marks:

• Rapid weight gain. During pregnancy, a woman gradually gains from 7 to 21 kg. With too rapid weight gain, the skin does not have time to grow and breaks, leaving stretch marks;
• Multiple pregnancy. During pregnancy with twins, the skin stretches to the limit, which leads to scarring;
• Large child. A large baby is one of the reasons for the rapid and non-gradual weight gain mentioned earlier;
• Polyhydramnios. Excess amniotic fluid not only causes stretch marks, but is also an alarming symptom for the doctor;
• Heredity. If your mother had stretch marks, then most likely you will also have them, this is influenced by genetic heredity;
• Skin color. Black women are less prone to stretch marks. However, they are much less noticeable;
• Lack of nutrition and moisture. The better you eat and the more hydrated your skin, the less chance of stretch marks.

Our skin itself is quite elastic, but some of the drastic changes that occur during pregnancy cause stretch marks. Over time, after childbirth, they may disappear or become less noticeable.

Can stretch marks be avoided?

Most women apply cosmetic products specifically designed for this purpose to prevent the development of stretch marks. For pregnant women, lotions, creams or body gels are suitable. The elasticity of the skin is increased by chamomile extract, tea tree oil, horse chestnut included in the cream. Creams containing vitamin A, E, C, collagen or elastin will be useful. Genetic predisposition to stretch marks plays a big role. If your grandmother and mother had stretch marks, most likely they are guaranteed to you. But even if cosmetics do not help in avoiding stretch marks, they will probably make them not so big. And this means that it will be much easier to get rid of stretch marks. By themselves, of course, they will not disappear, but bearing, mesotherapy, promises, and maybe even surgery help to make them less noticeable.

Prevention is the best treatment

Prevention is the best way to prevent stretch marks on your abdomen after childbirth. After all, the problem is easier to prevent than to deal with it later.

Prenatal bandage gives a good effect. This device perfectly supports the anterior abdominal wall, maintains the normal position of the fetus and reduces the load on the spine of the pregnant woman.

The bandage should be worn from the 20th week of pregnancy and should only be removed at night. After childbirth (up to 6 weeks), a postpartum bandage will have a positive effect. Such a simple device will help you prevent the appearance of stretch marks and facilitate the pregnancy itself. Do not forget about the bra, which should only be made from natural fabrics.

Clinic of plastic surgery in Kazan Maya Clinic provides a full range of services to restore the health and beauty of a woman after childbirth.

Non-radical methods in the fight against stretch marks

It should be understood that such methods will not completely get rid of these cosmetic defects, but they can make stretch marks less noticeable.

• Peels – the compositions of which can be prepared independently or purchased ready-made. Stretch marks are well removed with coffee or sea salt peels. This procedure smoothes the skin, stimulates blood circulation and collagen synthesis;
• Massage with essential oils – this procedure is suitable for both prevention and reduction of defects;
• Rubbing problem areas with a hard towel or washcloth.