What are vulval cysts. How do they develop. Who is at risk of developing vulval cysts. What are the common types of vulval cysts. How are vulval cysts diagnosed and treated. What are the potential complications of vulval cysts. When should you seek medical attention for a vulval cyst.

Understanding Vulval Cysts: An Overview

Vulval cysts are encapsulated lesions containing fluid or semi-fluid material that occur on the external female genitalia. These cysts can develop from various structures within this complex anatomical area, affecting females of all ages. While some cysts may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, others can cause discomfort, pain, or interfere with daily activities.

What defines a vulval cyst?

A vulval cyst is characterized by its dome-shaped appearance, firm or fluctuant texture, and discrete nature. These cysts can vary in size, location, and underlying cause, making it essential to understand their diverse presentations and potential implications for women’s health.

Etiology and Risk Factors of Vulval Cysts

The development of vulval cysts can be attributed to various factors, including:

• Developmental anomalies
• Genetic predisposition
• Post-traumatic reactions
• Spontaneous occurrence

Understanding these underlying causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and management of vulval cysts.

Are certain age groups more susceptible to specific types of vulval cysts?

While vulval cysts can affect females of any age, certain types may be more prevalent in specific age groups. For instance, Bartholin duct cysts are more common in adult women, while Skene duct cysts can present in neonates. Vestibular mucinous cysts typically develop between puberty and the fourth decade of life.

Clinical Presentation and Symptoms of Vulval Cysts

The clinical features of vulval cysts can vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic lumps to painful swellings that interfere with daily activities. Common presentations include:

• Asymptomatic, incidental findings during routine examinations
• Palpable lumps noticed by the patient
• Pain or discomfort, which may be cyclic, intermittent, or persistent
• Dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse)
• Swelling or inflammation, particularly if the cyst becomes infected

The location and distribution of cysts can often provide clues to their specific type, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.

How can the location of a vulval cyst help in its identification?

The anatomical position of a vulval cyst can be highly indicative of its origin and type. For example, Bartholin gland cysts are typically found at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions near the introitus, while Skene duct cysts are located adjacent to the distal urethra. This knowledge helps healthcare providers make accurate diagnoses and develop appropriate treatment plans.

Common Types of Cutaneous Vulval Cysts

Several types of cutaneous cysts can occur on the vulva, each with distinct characteristics and implications. Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Milium

Vulval milia are among the most common findings during examinations of older women’s labia. These tiny, white cysts measure 1-2 mm in diameter and are typically asymptomatic. While patients may be aware of the multiple small lumps, they rarely cause concern or require treatment.

Epidermoid Cyst

Epidermoid cysts frequently appear on the cutaneous aspect of the labia majora in middle-aged and elderly women. These cysts can be solitary or multiple, arising spontaneously or as a result of previous surgery. Typically presenting as painless lumps up to a centimeter in diameter, epidermoid cysts occasionally grow to significant sizes, with cases of giant epidermoid cysts of the vulva reported in medical literature.

How do epidermoid cysts differ from other vulval cysts?

Epidermoid cysts are distinguished by their origin in the epidermis, containing keratin and lipid-rich debris. Unlike glandular cysts, they do not produce mucoid fluid and are more likely to be found on the outer aspects of the labia majora. Their tendency to grow larger than other cutaneous cysts makes them more noticeable to patients and potentially more problematic if they become infected or rupture.

Cysts Specific to the Vulval Area

Certain cysts are unique to the vulval region due to the specialized glandular and developmental structures present in this area. These cysts often require specific management approaches due to their location and potential impact on surrounding tissues.

Bartholin and Skene Duct Cysts

Bartholin gland cysts and Skene duct cysts are significant examples of vulval-specific cystic lesions. Bartholin glands, located posterolaterally to the vaginal opening, can develop cysts that affect approximately 2% of adult women at some point in their lives. Skene glands, situated near the urethra, can also form cysts, occasionally presenting in newborns.

These cysts typically contain clear mucoid fluid and may present as painless lumps or, if infected, as painful abscesses. Their diagnosis often relies on their characteristic anatomical location.

Vestibular Mucinous Cyst

Originating from minor vestibular glands along Hart lines on the inner labia minora, vestibular mucinous cysts commonly develop between puberty and the fourth decade of life. These cysts may be discovered incidentally, noticed by the patient as a palpable lump, or cause discomfort if inflammation occurs.

What factors contribute to the development of vestibular mucinous cysts?

The formation of vestibular mucinous cysts is largely attributed to the blockage or dysfunction of minor vestibular glands. Hormonal changes, particularly during puberty and reproductive years, can influence glandular activity and potentially contribute to cyst development. Additionally, local irritation or inflammation may play a role in obstructing these glands, leading to fluid accumulation and cyst formation.

Developmental and Congenital Vulval Cysts

Some vulval cysts arise from developmental anomalies or remnants of embryonic structures. These cysts often have distinct characteristics and may be associated with other congenital abnormalities.

Cyst of the Canal of Nuck

A cyst of the canal of Nuck represents a developmental anomaly resulting from incomplete closure of the round ligament. This condition is analogous to a spermatic cord hydrocele in males. Typically presenting as a skin-colored, asymptomatic swelling in the inguinal area and labium majorum, these cysts can be mistaken for inguinal hernias. They are usually detected by five years of age.

Gartner Cyst

Gartner cysts, also known as mesonephric cysts, develop from remnants of an incompletely regressed mesonephric duct. Normally forming male sexual organs, this duct should fully regress in female fetuses. Persistent mesonephric duct remnants in females are often associated with congenital abnormalities of the urinary system, such as ectopic ureters or renal anomalies.

A Gartner cyst typically presents as a small, solitary, unilateral cyst on the anterior vaginal wall, potentially bulging to form an interlabial mass in late adolescence.

How can healthcare providers differentiate between a Gartner cyst and other vulval cysts?

Distinguishing a Gartner cyst from other vulval cysts involves considering its unique characteristics:

• Location: Typically found on the anterior vaginal wall, often unilaterally
• Age of presentation: Usually becomes noticeable in late adolescence
• Associated anomalies: May be linked to urinary system abnormalities
• Imaging findings: Ultrasound or MRI can help visualize the cyst’s relationship to surrounding structures

Healthcare providers should consider these factors and potentially order additional tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out associated congenital abnormalities.

Rare and Atypical Vulval Cysts

While less common, several types of cysts can occur on the vulva, presenting unique diagnostic and management challenges. Recognizing these rare entities is crucial for comprehensive vulval health care.

Ciliated Cyst of the Vulva

Ciliated cysts, also known as paramesonephric cysts, develop from remnants of the paramesonephric duct, which normally forms the fallopian tube. These cysts are typically found incidentally on the labium majorum during pregnancy, puberty, or other periods of hormonal influence. Characteristically, they present as single cyst cavities, 1-3 cm in diameter, containing clear or amber-colored fluid.

Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts

Although more commonly found on the trunk, eruptive vellus hair cysts have been rarely reported on the labia majora. These cysts present as multiple small yellow-brown papules and are associated with trapped vellus hairs.

Steatocystoma

Steatocystoma, an autosomal dominant skin condition resulting in abnormal proliferation of the pilosebaceous duct junction, can rarely involve the vulva. When punctured, these cysts drain an oily fluid. Vulvar involvement has been reported as a late-onset sporadic condition.

Pilonidal Cyst

While pilonidal disease is typically associated with the gluteal cleft, rare cases of vulvar pilonidal cysts have been reported. These cysts often present as painless papules or nodules, particularly around the clitoris, and result from ingrown hairs forming dermoid cysts.

What factors contribute to the development of rare vulval cysts?

The formation of rare vulval cysts can be attributed to various factors:

• Embryological remnants: Ciliated cysts arise from persistent embryonic structures
• Genetic predisposition: Conditions like steatocystoma have a hereditary component
• Hormonal influences: Hormonal changes can trigger the development or growth of certain cysts
• Local anatomical factors: The unique structure and hair distribution of the vulva can contribute to conditions like pilonidal cysts
• Environmental irritants: Chronic irritation or inflammation may play a role in some cyst formations

Understanding these contributing factors helps in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these uncommon vulval cysts.

Diagnostic Approaches and Management Strategies for Vulval Cysts

Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of vulval cysts are crucial for patient care and preventing complications. The approach to diagnosis and treatment often depends on the specific type of cyst, its location, and associated symptoms.

Diagnostic Methods

Diagnosing vulval cysts typically involves a combination of clinical examination and, when necessary, additional diagnostic tools:

• Physical examination: Visual inspection and palpation of the vulvar area
• Medical history: Assessing symptoms, duration, and any associated factors
• Imaging studies: Ultrasound or MRI to evaluate cyst characteristics and rule out other conditions
• Biopsy: In cases where malignancy is suspected or the diagnosis is unclear
• Aspiration: To analyze cyst contents and aid in diagnosis

These diagnostic approaches help healthcare providers determine the most appropriate treatment strategy.

How do healthcare providers determine the most suitable treatment for vulval cysts?

The choice of treatment for vulval cysts depends on several factors:

• Cyst type and location
• Size of the cyst
• Presence of symptoms or complications
• Patient’s age and overall health
• Impact on quality of life

Treatment options may range from watchful waiting for asymptomatic cysts to surgical excision for larger or symptomatic lesions. Infected cysts may require drainage and antibiotics. The goal is to alleviate symptoms, prevent recurrence, and minimize the risk of complications while preserving vulvar function and aesthetics.

Management Strategies

Management of vulval cysts can include:

1. Observation: For small, asymptomatic cysts
2. Warm compresses: To promote drainage and relieve discomfort
3. Antibiotics: For infected cysts or abscesses
4. Incision and drainage: For symptomatic or infected cysts
5. Marsupialization: A surgical technique to create a permanent opening in the cyst wall
6. Complete excision: For recurrent or large cysts
7. CO2 laser vaporization: For certain types of cysts, particularly milia

The choice of management strategy should be tailored to the individual patient’s needs and the specific characteristics of the cyst.

Potential Complications and Long-term Considerations

While many vulval cysts are benign and resolve without significant issues, some may lead to complications or require ongoing management. Understanding these potential outcomes is essential for both healthcare providers and patients.

Possible Complications

Complications associated with vulval cysts can include:

• Infection: Leading to abscess formation and increased pain
• Rupture: Causing sudden pain and potential spread of infection
• Recurrence: Particularly common with certain types of cysts
• Dyspareunia: Persistent pain during sexual intercourse
• Cosmetic concerns: Affecting self-esteem and body image
• Rare malignant transformation: In some cases, particularly with long-standing cysts

Awareness of these potential complications helps in early recognition and prompt management.

When should a patient seek immediate medical attention for a vulval cyst?

Patients should seek immediate medical care if they experience:

• Sudden, severe pain in the vulvar area
• Signs of infection such as fever, redness, or increased swelling
• Rapid growth of the cyst
• Drainage of pus or foul-smelling discharge
• Difficulty urinating or walking due to the cyst

Prompt medical attention in these situations can prevent more serious complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Long-term Considerations

Long-term management of vulval cysts may involve:

1. Regular follow-up examinations to monitor for recurrence
2. Patient education on self-examination and early symptom recognition
3. Addressing any underlying conditions that may contribute to cyst formation
4. Discussing potential impact on sexual health and fertility, if relevant
5. Psychological support for patients experiencing body image concerns

A comprehensive approach to long-term care ensures that patients receive holistic management of their vulval health.

Vulval cysts | DermNet

Authors: Dr Yi Jia Lee, Resident Medical Officer, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Dr Varitsara Mangkorntongsakul, Senior Medical Officer, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, NSW, Australia. Copy edited by Gus Mitchell. November 2020

What is a vulval cyst?

A vulval cyst is an encapsulated lesion that contains fluid or semi-fluid material occurring on the external female genitalia. Vulval cysts can develop from any of the structures normally found in this complex area.

Who gets vulval cysts?

Females of any age can present with a vulval cyst; however, a particular type of cyst may be more common in a specific age group.

What causes vulval cysts?

Vulval cysts can be developmental, genetic, post-traumatic, or spontaneous.

What are the clinical features of vulval cysts?

Vulval cysts are dome-shaped, firm or fluctuant, discrete lesions which may be asymptomatic and noticed incidentally, or present due to pain or dyspareunia which may be cyclic, intermittent, or persistent. The location or distribution of the cysts can be characteristic for a particular type of cyst.

See Vulval cyst images.

Common cutaneous cysts on the vulva

Milium

Vulval milia are 1–2 mm, white cysts very commonly seen on examination of the labia of older women. The patient may be aware of the multiple small lumps, but typically they are asymptomatic and an incidental finding.

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cysts are commonly found on the cutaneous aspect of the labia majora of middle-aged and elderly women. The cysts may be solitary or multiple, spontaneous or post-surgical, usually presenting as a painless lump up to a centimetre in diameter. Giant epidermoid cyst of the vulva has been described.

Cysts specific to the vulval area

Bartholin and Skene duct cysts

Cysts of the Bartholin gland or Skene duct contain clear mucoid fluid. Bartholin glands are located towards the back and side of the introitus at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions. Skene glands are adjacent to the distal urethra. Cysts may present as a lump, or as painful swelling if the cyst has become infected and an abscess has formed. Bartholin duct cysts are reported to affect 2% of adult women at some time in their life. Skene duct cysts can also present in neonates. Diagnosis is usually made by the anatomic location of the cyst.

Vestibular mucinous cyst

Mucinous cysts develop from minor vestibular glands found on the inner labia minora along Hart lines. Cysts may be found incidentally, present as a palpable lump noticed by the patient, or cause pain should the cyst become inflamed. Vestibular mucinous cysts typically develop between puberty and the fourth decade.

Cyst of the canal of Nuck

A cyst of the canal of Nuck is a developmental anomaly due to incomplete closure of the round ligament and is the equivalent of a spermatic cord hydrocele in males. It presents as a skin-coloured, asymptomatic swelling located in the inguinal area and labium majorum, resembling an inguinal hernia. It is usually detected by five years of age.

Gartner cyst

A Gartner, or mesonephric, cyst develops in remnants of an incompletely regressed mesonephric duct. The mesonephric duct forms the male sexual organs, so should regress completely in the female fetus. Persistent mesonephric duct remnants in a female are usually associated with congenital abnormalities of the metanephric urinary system such as an ectopic ureter, unilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia. A Gartner cyst is a small solitary unilateral cyst on the front vaginal wall towards one side, which may bulge to present as an interlabial mass in late adolescence.

Ciliated cyst of the vulva

At the ninth week of gestation, the paramesonephric duct develops into the fallopian tube. Remnants of this duct can form a ciliated, or paramesonephric, cyst found incidentally on the labium majorum during pregnancy, puberty, or with other hormonal influences. The lesion is usually a single cyst cavity, 1–3 cm in diameter, and drains clear or amber-coloured fluid if ruptured.

Cutaneous cysts that may occur on the vulva

Eruptive vellus hair cysts

Eruptive vellus hair cysts present as multiple small yellow-brown papules usually on the front of the trunk but have been rarely reported on the labia majora.

Steatocystoma

Steatocystoma is an autosomal dominant skin condition resulting in an abnormal proliferation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. The resultant skin papules drain an oily fluid when punctured. Involvement localised to the vulva has been rarely reported as a late-onset sporadic condition.

Pilonidal cyst

Pilonidal disease is usually found at the upper end of the gluteal cleft, but has been reported as a painless papule or nodule on the vulva, particularly in the area around the clitoris, due to an ingrown hair forming a dermoid cyst.

Endometriosis

Cutaneous endometriosis can rarely occur on the vulva at the site of previous obstetric or surgical trauma. It presents as nodules, patches, or cysts filled with fresh or clotted blood.

What are the complications of vulval cysts?

• Cyst rupture
• Inflammation and infection
• Pressure effects
• Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)

How is a vulval cyst diagnosed?

Diagnosis of a vulval cyst is usually clinical based on the age at presentation, location, and appearance. Ultrasound examination or histology of a skin biopsy or excision specimen may sometimes be required.

What is the differential diagnosis for a vulval cyst?

• Vascular lesions — cherry angioma, angiokeratoma, haemangioma, varicosities
• Infections — viral wart, herpes simplex virus, bullous impetigo
• Inflammatory conditions — sebaceous adenitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, bullous fixed drug eruption
• Vulval cancer

What is the treatment for a vulval cyst?

The majority of vulval cysts do not require treatment once the diagnosis has been made. Cysts may be drained, marsupialised, extracted, or excised.

What is the outcome for a vulval cyst?

Vulval cysts are generally benign. Some may resolve or rupture spontaneously. Recurrence can follow surgical intervention particularly if the entire cyst wall has not been removed.

Epidermoid cyst | DermNet

Author: Megan Lam, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. DermNet NZ Editor in Chief: Adjunct A/Prof Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand. Copy edited by Gus Mitchell. April 2020.

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What is an epidermoid cyst?

An epidermoid cyst is a benign cyst derived from the infundibulum or upper portion of a hair follicle, encapsulated in a thin layer of epidermis-like epithelium. Epidermoid cysts are typically filled with keratin and lipid-rich debris [1,2].

Synonyms for an epidermoid cyst include:

• Epidermal cyst
• Epidermal inclusion cyst
• Epithelial cyst
• Follicular infundibular cyst
• Infundibular cyst
• Keratin cyst
• Sebaceous cyst (this is a common misnomer, as these cysts do not involve sebaceous glands, nor do they contain sebum).

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cyst

Palpating an epidermoid cyst

Who gets an epidermoid cyst?

Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women [3].

Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include [1]:

• Gardner syndrome
• Pachyonychia congenita type 2
• Basal cell naevus syndrome.

Syndromes associated with epidermoid cysts

Gardner syndrome

What causes an epidermoid cyst?

An epidermoid cyst generally results from an occluded pilosebaceous unit.

On non-hair-bearing areas of the body, such as the buttock, palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, an epidermoid cyst may be due to traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis where keratin accumulates within an epithelium-lined sac [2].

What are the clinical features of an epidermoid cyst?

The clinical features of an epidermoid cyst include [4]:

• A firm, flesh-coloured or yellowish round papule or nodule fixed to the skin surface but typically mobile over deeper layers
• Diameter 1–3 cm
• A central punctum
• Foul-smelling cheesy debris can be expressed from the central punctum.

Epidermoid cysts are most common on the central trunk (eg, chest and shoulders) and face but can occur almost anywhere on the body. Epidermoid cysts are common the scrotum and vulva. They may be solitary or multiple, and are generally asymptomatic.

Ruptured cyst

What are the complications of an epidermoid cyst?

Rupture of the cyst contents into the dermis results in swelling, redness, and tenderness. This can be due to trauma or bacterial infection, commonly by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and group A streptococcus [1].

Surgical excision can lead to bleeding, secondary bacterial infection, and scarring. If the cyst has ruptured, or the capsule is not removed in its entirety, the cyst may recur.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma may very rarely arise within an epidermoid cyst [5].

Inflamed cyst

How is an epidermoid cyst diagnosed?

The diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst is usually made clinically.

Biopsy is usually not required but the lesion may be excised for cosmetic reasons or due to complications. Histological features of an epidermoid cyst include [1]:

• A cystic structure in the dermis
• A single cavity (unilocular)
• An epithelial lining without rete ridges and with a granular layer with keratinohyaline granules.

Ultrasound can be used in the initial evaluation of a soft tissue mass but is not usually required for a typical epidermoid cyst.

What is the differential diagnosis for an epidermoid cyst?

Differential diagnoses for an epidermoid cyst include:

• Lipoma — a mobile 2–10 cm dome or egg-shaped subcutaneous lump with a rubbery or soft and smooth consistency
• Trichilemmal cyst — a firm, mobile, 0.5–5 cm subcutaneous nodule without a central punctum, usually presenting on the scalp; it has a thick capsule and is not typically prone to rupture
• Acne pseudocyst — this lacks a capsule and is associated with other signs of acne such as comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules
• Myxoid pseudocyst — a shiny papule arising at the end of a digit
• Dermoid cyst — this has epidermal and dermal components and arises in early childhood
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related epidermal cyst — a lesion with a hard, keratinous surface.

What is the treatment for an epidermoid cyst?

Most small uncomplicated epidermoid cysts will not require treatment.

The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence [6]. This can be difficult to achieve following cyst rupture. Histological examination of the surgical specimen is recommended due to the small risk of malignant transformation and misdiagnosis [6].

In cases of infection, initial antibiotics, incision and drainage may be indicated.

What is the outcome for an epidermoid cyst?

Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention [1].

References

1. Zito PM, Scharf R. Cyst, Epidermoid (Sebaceous Cyst) [Updated 2019 Dec 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. PubMed
2. Cuda JD, Rangwala S, Taube JM. Benign Epithelial Tumors, Hamartomas, and Hyperplasias. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, Orringer JS. Eds. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th edition. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill.
3. Weir CB, St.Hilaire NJ. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst. [Updated 2019 Dec 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. PubMed
4. Endrizzi B. Benign Tumors and Vascular Lesions. In: Soutor C, Hordinsky MK. Eds. Clinical Dermatology. 1st edition. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill.
5. Frank E, Macias D, Hondorp B, Kerstetter J, Inman JC. Incidental squamous cell carcinoma in an epidermal inclusion cyst: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Dermatol. 2018;10(1):61-8. doi:10.1159/000487794. PubMed Central
6. Wollina U, Langner D, Tchernev G, França K, Lotti T. Epidermoid cysts – a wide spectrum of clinical presentation and successful treatment by surgery: a retrospective 10-year analysis and literature review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(1):28–30. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.027. PubMed Central

On DermNet

• Epidermoid cyst pathology
• Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts
• Trichilemmal cyst

Other websites

• Epidermoid cysts — Mayo Clinic Resource

Books about skin diseases

• Books about the skin
• Dermatology Made Easy book

Treatment and removal of cysts of the vulva and vagina

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Bartholinitis: PHOTO, symptoms, TREATMENT | Spa Women’s Health Clinic

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The wind runs in a crazy stream through the veins.
Toil further – neither the strength nor the desire.
Great changes are coming in the veins of consciousness.
Became old again, yesterday still new, covenant.

Taisiya Rozhinova

BARTHOLINITIS is an inflammation of the large gland in the vestibule of the vagina (Bartholin’s gland). When filling with mucus or pus of the Bartholin’s gland, a CYST of the Bartholin’s GLAND is formed

• TREATMENT of bartholinitis WITHOUT PAIN, within 3 seconds!
• There are RESULTS, there is EXPERIENCE, there are ways to ACHIEVEMENT.

• Bartholinitis – inflammation of the large gland of the vaginal vestibule. About bartholinite in detail…

Treatment of bartholinitis WITHOUT ANTIBIOTICS, opening of the Bartholin’s gland without pain, on the day of treatment, with the Surgitron device is one of the most popular areas of practical activity of the Women’s Health Clinic.

The causative agents of bartholinitis are bacteria: staphylococci, streptococci, escherichia, gonococci, etc.

Trichomonas and Escherichia coli are detected in the contents of the Bartholin gland cyst in some cases.

In the Bartholin gland, the infection penetrates through the excretory duct after a mechanical injury: combing, sexual intercourse with insufficient moisture, chafing after wearing tight and lacy underwear.

The inflammatory process within 3-5 days captures the entire Bartholin gland.

Pus fills the lobules of the Bartholin gland with the formation of a false abscess (pseudo-abscess of the Bartholin gland).

Bartholin’s gland cyst, Bartholin’s gland abscess may open spontaneously.

Treatment of bartholinitis, opening of the Bartholin gland in the presence of pus is necessary.
IMPORTANT to start moving in the right direction!
EVERYTHING you need to know about the right direction in the treatment of bartholinitis and Bartholin’s cyst, see HERE:

• Symptoms of bartholinitis
• Diagnosis of bartholinitis
• Treatment of bartholinitis
• Prevention of bartholinitis
• Questions and answers about the treatment of bartholinitis

+7 (928) 022-05-32 (for foreign calls).

Ask an ONLINE QUESTION about the treatment of bartholinitis at [email protected]

SIGN UP online for Bartholin’s gland marsupalization here

Buy kursovka by phone +7 (928) 022-05-32

Symptoms of bartholinitis

The symptoms of bartholinitis are characteristic and allow an unmistakable diagnosis on examination.

• Bartholinitis always occurs SUDDENLY against the background of complete well-being and personal hygiene.
• There is a FEELING of chafing and annoying DISCOMFORT at rest and during walking in the lower third of the labia majora.
• Bartholinitis in the vast majority of cases is unilateral.
• Symptoms of acute bartholinitis are malaise, weakness.
• Swelling occurs in the form of an inactive elastic “ball” and PAIN when walking in the lower third of the labia majora.
• Body temperature usually rises to 37.5-38.0°C.

The process progresses within 3-5 days.

The formation of a pseudoabscess of the Bartholin gland is accompanied by high body temperature (up to 39.0 ° C), chills, throbbing pain in the corresponding labia majora.

On examination, swelling and REDENING are determined in the region of the Bartholin’s gland (“BUNE” on the labia), palpation (palpation) of the corresponding labia is sharply PAINFUL.

Spontaneous opening of a festering Bartholin’s gland oozes pus, the general condition quickly improves and the temperature decreases.

Photo of bartholinitis. Spontaneously opened pseudo-abscess of the left Bartholin’s gland. Blood flows out of the perforation hole (place of rupture). Please note that the perforation is deep, causing pus to flow into the vagina

In the chronic stage of bartholinitis, the development of a retention cyst of the Bartholin gland is possible.

Retention is a cyst that can spontaneously resolve (empty) and reappear.

The content of the Bartholin gland cyst is a vitreous, viscous mucus.

Photo of bartholinitis. Retention cyst of the right Bartholin’s gland. A mature cyst is represented by a characteristic protrusion in the lower third of the right labia majora
Photo of bartholinitis. Spontaneously opened retention cyst of the left Bartholin’s gland. Clear, viscous mucus flows from the perforation

Retention cysts of the Bartholin’s gland never! do not malignant, but at certain sizes cause aesthetic discomfort and DIFFICULTY during sexual intercourse.

Bartholinitis has a tendency to relapse (recurrence).

Photo of a cyst of the right Bartholin’s gland in a 28-year-old woman
Photograph of a Bartholin gland cyst. Same case
Photo of a cyst of the left Bartholin’s gland in a 19-year-old girl
Photograph of a cyst of the left Bartholin’s gland. Same case

Diagnosis of bartholinitis

Acute bartholinitis and Bartholin’s gland cyst do not cause difficulties in diagnosis.

In acute bartholinitis and Bartholin gland pseudoabcess, all the classic signs of inflammation are present: pain, tumor-like formation, and local (local) fever.

A certain difficulty arises when deciding to treat conservatively (medication) or operate.

In other words, it is necessary to answer the question: is the inflammatory process common, or has PSEUDOABCESS already formed in the form of a cavity with purulent contents.

The success of treatment and aesthetic comfort depend on accurate diagnosis!
Accurate diagnosis and treatment of bartholinitis WITHOUT ANTIBIOTICS, opening of the Bartholin’s gland WITHOUT PAIN, on the day of treatment, using the Surgitron device is one of the most popular areas of practical activity of the Women’s Health Clinic.

3D photo of a cyst of the left Bartholin’s gland of a 28-year-old woman
3D photo of a cyst of the right large gland of the vestibule of the vagina of a 16-year-old girl

Pay attention to the excellent quality of the photos, which testify to the expert class of our devices.

Treatment of bartholinitis

Treatment of bartholinitis should be started at the first symptoms (signs) of trouble.

Early visit to the doctor, based on our experience, there is a real chance to stop the inflammatory process and prevent the formation of an abscess or Bartholin’s cyst.

Treatment of bartholinitis in the acute stage is to quickly limit and stop the inflammatory process.

Treatment of bartholinitis with late treatment is to accelerate the maturation of pseudoabscess and reduce the period of physical and mental disability.

At the same time, there is a chance (small chance) for stopping the process without surgical treatment.

For the treatment of bartholinitis in the Women’s Health Resort Clinic, a combination of phytotherapeutic agents and modern physiotherapy is used.

Physiotherapy potentiates (multiply enhances) the effect of medicines from plant materials.

In combination with herbal remedies, physiotherapy allows you to achieve recovery WITHOUT ANTIBIOTICS.

All physiotherapy procedures in the Women’s Health Resort Clinic are performed WITHOUT PAIN in comfortable conditions by professionally trained midwives.

Ask an ONLINE QUESTION about the treatment of bartholinitis at [email protected]

SIGN UP online for Bartholin’s gland marsupalization here

Buy kursovka by phone +7 (928) 022-05-32

Contraindications

Contraindications to physiotherapy treatment are general contraindications to physiotherapy: hypertension of the 3rd degree, oncological processes in the body, severe somatic (therapeutic) diseases in the stage of decompensation.

Contraindications for each specific procedure are detailed on the website in the corresponding paragraph of the article “Physiotherapy”.

Medicinal products based on plant and mineral raw materials according to the prescriptions of the Clinic’s doctors have detoxifying, analgesic and local (local) anti-inflammatory effects, make the immune system actively fight the infectious process.

Our experience in the treatment of bartholinitis shows that the use of drugs based on natural raw materials is an important physiological (corresponding to human physiology) component of treatment.

When suppuration of the Bartholin gland – filling the gland with pus with the formation of a pseudoabscess of the Bartholin gland – it is necessary to open the Bartholin gland.

The opening of the Bartholin’s gland in our Clinic is performed WITHOUT PAIN by a non-contact method using the Surgitron apparatus.

In some cases, up to 25 ml of pus expires.

The internal pressure is so great that when a pseudo-abscess of Bartholin’s gland is opened, the stream of pus sometimes reaches one meter.

Photo of bartholinitis. Suppuration (pseudoabcess) of the right Bartholin’s gland
Photo of bartholinitis. After non-contact opening and drainage of a pseudo-abcess of the right Bartholin’s gland in our Clinic

Within 5-7 days, professionally trained midwives of the Clinic CLEAR from the remnants of pus and WASH the Bartholin’s gland, perform magnetic laser and ultrasound treatment.

After a non-contact opening of the Bartholin’s gland, the wound is epithelialized (healed) with the formation of an aesthetic, thin, barely noticeable scar.

Hospitalization (inpatient treatment) is not required.

During the treatment of bartholinitis, fortified nutrition is necessary. There are no restrictions or food restrictions.

Sexual intimacy is possible after complete relief (cure) of acute bartholinitis or complete epithelialization (healing) of the postoperative wound.

Complete healing, as a rule, occurs 9-12 days after the non-contact opening of the Bartholin’s gland in our Clinic.

During the period of an open wound and incomplete healing, if it is impossible to avoid sexual intercourse, surrogate forms of love and anal sex are allowed.

In the case of recurrent (recurring) Bartholinitis, the Women’s Health Resort Clinic performs extirpation (husking, complete removal) of the Bartholin’s gland or marsupalization of the Bartholin’s gland.

After extirpation (husking) of the Bartholin’s gland, the pseudo-abscess of the Bartholin’s gland and the cyst of the Bartholin’s gland never occur again.

We accept girls, girls and women from all cities of Russia, near and far abroad.

The women’s health resort clinic operates both on paid services and in the system of voluntary medical insurance.

Accommodation and transfer

The women’s health resort clinic assists in the placement and accommodation of women, women with children and couples during the examination and treatment.

For details on accommodation and transfer from Mineralnye Vody airport and Pyatigorsk railway station, see the article “Accommodation”.

If you need to book accommodation, please coordinate the date of arrival no later than 7 days.

Leading specialists in the treatment of bartholinitis in the Southern Federal District

Ermolaeva Elvira Kadirovna

He is a well-known and recognized specialist in the treatment of bartholinitis in the North Caucasus.

Gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, physiotherapist-resortologist.

Elvira Kadirovna is approached by women who want to improve the aesthetics of the genitals, reduce the vagina and refresh intimate relationships from all regions of Russia and foreign countries.

Ermolaev Oleg Yurievich

Candidate of Medical Sciences, operating gynecologist with 30 years of successful experience in the treatment of bartholinitis.

Able to see relationships that elude others.

INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION of the reputation and achievements of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic in the development and implementation of effective and safe treatment methods and the quality of the medical services provided IS THE AWARDING of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic in Pyatigorsk with the SIQS International QUALITY CERTIFICATE in the field of medicine and healthcare. International Socratic Committee, Oxford, UK and Swiss Institute for Quality Standards, Zurich, SWITZERLAND. Read more…

In the presence of severe bursting and throbbing pain in the labia majora, high body temperature (more than 38 ° C) and / or poor health, we accept WITHOUT an appointment out of the QUEUE.

Treatment of bartholinitis with the help of phytotherapeutic and physiotherapeutic agents allows you to achieve a complete cure and prevent the transition to a chronic form and the formation of an abscess (pseudo-abcess) and a cyst of the Bartholin gland.

After a spontaneous opening of a pseudo-abscess of the Bartholin gland, the outflow of purulent contents, as a rule, does not occur completely.

The pyogenic (pyogenic) capsule is preserved. And after gluing and scarring of the fistula, the process begins to mature again.

Spontaneous opening of a pseudo-abscess of the Bartholin gland leads to the formation of a rough scar.

The only consolation for this is the thought of limited access for contemplation . ..

Prevention of bartholinitis

There is no specific prevention of bartholinitis.

Reducing the risk of bartholinitis is facilitated by observing the rules of hygiene of the genital organs, avoiding wearing tight, synthetic and skin-irritating underwear and tight, tight-fitting trousers in hot weather. About the rules of hygiene of the external genital organs in detail …

We work WITHOUT DAYS OFF and holidays:

Monday – Friday from 8.00 to 20.00,
Saturday – Sunday from 8.00 to 17.00. +7 (928) 022-05-32 (for foreign calls).

Ask an ONLINE QUESTION about the treatment of bartholinitis at [email protected]

SIGN UP online for Bartholin’s gland marsupalization here

Buy kursovka by phone +7 (928) 022-05-32

With respect for the religion and different habits of our Patients, we achieve high efficiency and comfort of treatment.

We are at your FULL DISPOSAL if you have any doubts or wishes.

Frequently Asked Questions

How to get to the POLIS Clinic for the treatment of chronic bartholinitis and Bartholin’s cyst? What is needed for this: a referral from a doctor, or just a desire and an insurance policy?

Answer:

You should contact your insurance company for a cover letter.
If you have a cover letter, you will be able to conduct the necessary examination and treatment of bartholinitis and Bartholin gland cysts in our Clinic. At the reception, you must have a passport and a policy of this insurance company.
Sincerely, Chief Accountant of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic.

Is it possible to get sick leave at the Clinic for the period of treatment of bartholinitis and Bartholin gland cyst?

Answer:

In the Women’s Health Resort Clinic, a certificate of incapacity for work (sick leave) is not issued.

What documents are required for marsupalization of the Bartholin’s gland?

Answer:

For marsupalization of the Bartholin gland, it is desirable to have copies of the results of a previous clinical and laboratory examination, copies of consultations of other specialists, copies of epicrises (conclusions) of surgical and conservative treatment. In other words, the fullest possible amount of medical information about your health.
If necessary or desired, it is possible to perform a clinical and laboratory examination in our Clinic.

I have a Bartholin gland cyst. Opened 3 times, the last time in February 2010. She broke down two days ago. After reading about all the problems associated with this disease, I concluded that it is desirable to do marsupalization. Unfortunately, in our city I did not find such a doctor. Can I come to you for treatment? Z.Kh., Mozdok.

Answer:

Opening of the Bartholin’s gland and marsupalization of the Bartholin’s gland in the Women’s Health Spa Clinic is possible. Pre-registration by phone 8 (800) 500-52-74 (call within Russia is free) or +7 (928) 022-05-32.

I am your old patient at the Student Polyclinic. A day after intense sexual intercourse, pain and swelling of the left large labia appeared. I made an alcohol compress, and after 3 hours my lip became very red and filled. It hurts even from panties. I can’t walk at all. Sensation of throbbing in the lip. What to do? M.I., Cherkessk.

Answer:

Come urgently! The appearance of a pulsation is a characteristic sign of the maturity of an abscess of the Bartholin gland.
The doctors of the Clinic will open and drain (“clean”) the abscess using the radio wave method WITHOUT PAIN. After 3 weeks, only a barely noticeable pink strip will remain.

I have chronic bartholinitis. What symptoms make sense to see a doctor? P.Sh., Nalchik.

Answer:

With chronic bartholinitis and treatment at the stage of discomfort and swelling in the lower third of the labia majora, there is a real chance to stop the process with therapeutic agents and prevent the formation of an abscess or cyst of the Bartholin gland.

Between my large and small left labia, but closer to the large one, a painful ball formed below. Weakness. What is this? K.N., Rostov-on-Don.

Answer:

You develop bartholinitis – inflammation of the left large gland of the vestibule of the vagina.

Is it possible to treat chronic bartholinitis simultaneously according to gynecological and therapeutic treatment programs? What will be the results and planned cost of treatment?

Answer:

We consider a woman/girl as a whole and treat not a disease, but a suffering (sick) person!
We provide a combination of gynecological and therapeutic treatment programs. And in fact, we always adjust the treatment of bartholinitis, the treatment of chronic bartholinitis, taking into account concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and respiratory systems.
The procedures are combined in such a way that each subsequent one potentiates (strengthens) the action of the previous ones.
The cost of the combined (combined) treatment program, as a rule, exceeds the cost of the main treatment program by no more than 15%.
Sincerely, Chief Physician of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic, Ph.D. honey. Sciences O.Yu. Ermolaev.

“The women’s health resort clinic operates both on paid services and in the system of voluntary medical insurance.” In the system of voluntary medical insurance – is it under medical policies? Can you explain please!

Answer:

We accept the Insured at SOGAZ, AlfaStrakhovanie, Alliance, Ingosstrakh under policies issued by these insurance companies. You can find detailed information about which medical institutions your insurance company works with by calling the hotline number of your insurance company. If the Women’s Health Resort Clinic is not on its list, you can leave a request and, perhaps, your insurance company will meet you, conclude an agreement with us, and we will be happy to receive you.