How can extreme temperatures affect your health. What are the signs of heat exhaustion and heatstroke. How to prevent and treat temperature-related illnesses. What precautions should you take in very hot or cold weather. How does humidity impact the temperature you feel.

Understanding the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Human Health

The human body operates optimally within a narrow temperature range, typically maintaining a core temperature between 97°F and 99°F (36.1°C to 37.2°C). Our bodies have remarkable mechanisms to regulate internal temperature, but extreme environmental conditions can overwhelm these systems, potentially leading to serious health consequences.

Environmental temperatures significantly diverging from 82°F (28°C) require our bodies to work harder to maintain homeostasis. In cold weather, we shiver and our blood vessels constrict to conserve heat. In hot weather, we sweat and our blood vessels dilate to release heat. Understanding these processes is crucial for recognizing when our bodies are under temperature-related stress.

The Concept of Apparent Temperature

When assessing temperature-related risks, it’s essential to consider the apparent temperature rather than just the thermometer reading. Apparent temperature, also known as the “feels like” temperature, takes into account factors such as humidity and wind chill that affect how our bodies perceive and react to environmental conditions.

For instance, high humidity can significantly increase the apparent temperature in hot weather. At 85°F (29°C) with 80% humidity, the apparent temperature soars to 97°F (36°C), making it feel much hotter and potentially more dangerous than the thermometer suggests. Conversely, wind chill can make cold temperatures feel even colder, increasing the risk of hypothermia.

Heat-Related Illnesses: Symptoms, Risks, and Prevention

As temperatures rise, so does the risk of heat-related illnesses. These conditions range from mild heat cramps to life-threatening heatstroke. Understanding the spectrum of heat-related illnesses is crucial for early recognition and appropriate response.

Heat Exhaustion vs. Heatstroke

Heat exhaustion occurs when the body overheats and can’t cool itself effectively. Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, and a rapid pulse. If left untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke, a medical emergency characterized by a body temperature above 103°F (39.4°C), altered mental state, and hot, dry skin.

• Heat exhaustion symptoms: Profuse sweating, fatigue, dizziness, nausea
• Heatstroke symptoms: High body temperature, confusion, lack of sweating, rapid heartbeat

Immediate action is crucial when heat-related illnesses are suspected. For heat exhaustion, move to a cooler area, hydrate, and apply cool compresses. For heatstroke, call emergency services immediately and take steps to cool the person while waiting for help.

Preventing Heat-Related Illnesses

Prevention is key when it comes to heat-related illnesses. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, even before you feel thirsty. Wear light, loose-fitting clothing and limit outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day. If you must be outside, take frequent breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas.

Certain groups are at higher risk for heat-related illnesses, including young children, older adults, and individuals with chronic medical conditions. Extra precautions should be taken for these vulnerable populations during hot weather.

Cold Weather Hazards: Recognizing and Avoiding Hypothermia and Frostbite

While heat-related illnesses often receive more attention, cold weather can be equally dangerous. Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Frostbite is the freezing of body tissues, most commonly affecting extremities like fingers, toes, nose, and ears.

Signs of Hypothermia and Frostbite

Hypothermia symptoms include shivering, confusion, slurred speech, and drowsiness. As it progresses, shivering may stop, and the person may lose consciousness. Frostbite begins with cold, red skin that becomes pale or grayish-yellow, hard, and waxy as it worsens.

• Hypothermia signs: Shivering, confusion, loss of coordination
• Frostbite signs: Cold, numb skin that may appear waxy or discolored

If you suspect hypothermia or frostbite, seek medical attention immediately. While waiting for help, move to a warm area, remove wet clothing, and warm the center of the body first. For frostbite, do not rub the affected area, as this can cause further damage.

Staying Safe in Cold Weather

To prevent cold-related injuries, dress in layers, keeping your head, hands, and feet well-insulated. Avoid staying out in severe cold for extended periods, and be aware of wind chill factors that can make temperatures feel much colder than the thermometer indicates. Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol, which can increase heat loss and impair judgment.

The Role of Humidity in Temperature Perception and Health Risks

Humidity plays a significant role in how we perceive temperature and can greatly affect our body’s ability to regulate heat. High humidity in hot weather prevents sweat from evaporating effectively, reducing our natural cooling mechanism. This can lead to a higher risk of heat-related illnesses, even at temperatures that might not seem extreme.

Understanding Heat Index

The heat index combines air temperature and relative humidity to determine the apparent temperature. For example, an air temperature of 90°F (32°C) with 70% humidity can feel like 106°F (41°C). This higher apparent temperature increases the risk of heat-related illnesses significantly.

In cold weather, humidity can also play a role, though less dramatically. High humidity can make cold air feel colder, while very dry air can make it feel slightly warmer. However, the wind chill factor is generally more significant in cold weather calculations.

Special Considerations for Vulnerable Populations

Certain groups are more susceptible to temperature-related health risks and require extra attention during extreme weather conditions. These vulnerable populations include:

• Young children
• Older adults
• People with chronic medical conditions
• Outdoor workers
• Athletes
• Homeless individuals

For these groups, it’s crucial to take additional precautions during extreme temperatures. This may include more frequent monitoring, ensuring access to temperature-controlled environments, and adjusting medication schedules when necessary.

Protecting Children and Elderly in Extreme Temperatures

Children and older adults are particularly vulnerable to temperature extremes. Children have a higher surface area to body mass ratio, making them more susceptible to heat gain in hot weather and heat loss in cold weather. Older adults may have reduced ability to regulate body temperature and may be taking medications that affect temperature regulation.

Never leave children or pets in parked vehicles, even for short periods, as temperatures can rise rapidly to dangerous levels. Check on elderly neighbors during heat waves or cold snaps to ensure they have adequate heating or cooling and are staying hydrated.

Dressing for Extreme Temperatures: Balancing Protection and Comfort

Appropriate clothing is a crucial factor in maintaining body temperature in extreme weather conditions. The right attire can significantly reduce the risk of temperature-related illnesses and injuries.

Hot Weather Clothing Tips

In hot weather, opt for light-colored, loose-fitting clothes made from breathable fabrics like cotton. These allow air circulation and sweat evaporation, helping to keep you cool. Don’t forget sun protection – wide-brimmed hats and UV-blocking sunglasses can help prevent sunburn and heat exhaustion.

Cold Weather Layering Strategies

For cold weather, layering is key. Start with a moisture-wicking base layer to keep sweat away from your skin. Add an insulating middle layer, such as fleece or wool, and top it off with a waterproof, breathable outer layer. Don’t forget warm socks, insulated boots, gloves, and a hat to protect extremities.

Remember, the goal is to stay warm without overheating. If you start to sweat, remove a layer to prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to rapid cooling when you stop moving.

The Importance of Hydration in Temperature Regulation

Proper hydration is crucial for maintaining body temperature in both hot and cold conditions. In hot weather, sweating is our body’s primary cooling mechanism, and replacing lost fluids is essential to prevent dehydration and heat-related illnesses.

Hydration Strategies for Hot Weather

In hot conditions, drink water regularly, even if you don’t feel thirsty. The color of your urine can be a good indicator of hydration – aim for pale yellow. For prolonged outdoor activities or intense exercise, consider sports drinks to replace electrolytes lost through sweating.

Cold Weather Hydration Myths

It’s a common misconception that hydration is less important in cold weather. In reality, cold air is often very dry, and we can lose significant amounts of water through respiration. Additionally, the body’s thirst response is diminished in cold conditions, making it easy to become dehydrated without realizing it.

In cold weather, make a conscious effort to drink fluids regularly. Warm beverages can help maintain body temperature, but be cautious with caffeinated or alcoholic drinks, as these can contribute to dehydration.

Emergency Preparedness for Extreme Weather Events

Being prepared for extreme weather events can make a significant difference in your safety and comfort. Whether it’s a heatwave or a winter storm, having an emergency kit and plan can help you navigate challenging conditions.

Creating an Extreme Weather Emergency Kit

An emergency kit for extreme weather should include:

• Non-perishable food and water for at least 3 days
• Battery-powered or hand-crank radio
• Flashlight and extra batteries
• First aid kit
• Medications and medical supplies
• Warm blankets or sleeping bags
• Extra clothing appropriate for the weather
• Hand warmers or cooling packs
• Important documents in a waterproof container

Developing a Family Emergency Plan

Create a plan with your family for what to do in case of extreme weather events. This should include:

1. Designated meeting places both in your neighborhood and outside your area
2. An out-of-area emergency contact person
3. Plans for pets or livestock
4. Knowledge of community emergency plans and shelter locations
5. Practice your plan regularly to ensure everyone knows what to do

By being prepared and understanding the risks associated with extreme temperatures, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of weather-related health emergencies. Remember, prevention is always better than cure when it comes to temperature-related illnesses.

Hot and Cold: Extreme Temperature Safety

Hot and Cold: Extreme Temperature Safety

• Health Conditions
  • Featured
    • Breast Cancer
    • IBD
    • Migraine
    • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis
    • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Articles
    • Acid Reflux
    • ADHD
    • Allergies
    • Alzheimer’s & Dementia
    • Bipolar Disorder
    • Cancer
    • Crohn’s Disease
    • Chronic Pain
    • Cold & Flu
    • COPD
    • Depression
    • Fibromyalgia
    • Heart Disease
    • High Cholesterol
    • HIV
    • Hypertension
    • IPF
    • Osteoarthritis
    • Psoriasis
    • Skin Disorders and Care
    • STDs
• Discover
  • Wellness Topics
    • Nutrition
    • Fitness
    • Skin Care
    • Sexual Health
    • Women’s Health
    • Mental Well-Being
    • Sleep
  • Product Reviews
    • Vitamins & Supplements
    • Sleep
    • Mental Health
    • Nutrition
    • At-Home Testing
    • CBD
    • Men’s Health
  • Original Series
    • Fresh Food Fast
    • Diagnosis Diaries
    • You’re Not Alone
    • Present Tense
  • Video Series
    • Youth in Focus
    • Healthy Harvest
    • No More Silence
    • Future of Health
• Plan
  • Health Challenges
    • Mindful Eating
    • Sugar Savvy
    • Move Your Body
    • Gut Health
    • Mood Foods
    • Align Your Spine
  • Find Care
    • Primary Care
    • Mental Health
    • OB-GYN
    • Dermatologists
    • Neurologists
    • Cardiologists
    • Orthopedists
  • Lifestyle Quizzes
    • Weight Management
    • Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
    • Are You a Workaholic?
    • How Well Do You Sleep?
  • Tools & Resources
    • Health News
    • Find a Diet
    • Find Healthy Snacks
    • Drugs A-Z
    • Health A-Z
• Connect
  • • Breast Cancer
    • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • Psoriatic Arthritis
    • Migraine
    • Multiple Sclerosis
    • Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M.D. — By The Healthline Editorial Team — Updated on September 17, 2018

Overview

If you’re planning to travel outdoors, be prepared to deal with all sorts of weather. This might mean extremely rainy days or extremely dry days, and from the hottest daytime hours to the coldest nights.

The human body has a normal core temperature between 97˚F and 99˚F, but on average, a normal body temperature is 98.6˚F (37˚C). To maintain this temperature without the help of warming or cooling devices, the surrounding environment needs to be at about 82˚F (28˚C). Clothes aren’t just for looks — they’re necessary to keep warm. You can usually bundle up in more layers during colder months, and you can use fans or air conditioners in warmer months to maintain a healthy core temperature.

In some cases, you may find yourself in an environment with extreme temperatures. It’s crucial to know what health concerns you may face as well as how to avoid any temperature-related health problems.

First, note that the temperature reading on a thermometer is not necessarily the temperature that you should be concerned about. The relative humidity in your environment can affect the temperature you actually feel, which is called the “apparent temperature.” Some example scenarios include:

• If the air temperature reads 85˚F (29˚C), but there’s zero humidity, the temperature will actually feel like it’s 78˚F (26 ˚C).
• If the air temperature reads 85˚F (29˚C), with 80 percent humidity, it will actually feel like 97˚F (36˚C).

High environmental temperatures can be dangerous to your body. In the range of 90˚ and 105˚F (32˚ and 40˚C), you can experience heat cramps and exhaustion. Between 105˚ and 130˚F (40˚ and 54˚C), heat exhaustion is more likely. You should limit your activities at this range. An environmental temperature over 130˚F (54˚C) often leads to heatstroke.

Other heat-related illnesses include:

• heat exhaustion
• heatstroke
• muscle cramps
• heat swelling
• fainting

Symptoms

Symptoms of heat-related illness depend on the type and the severity of the illness.

Some common symptoms of heat exhaustion include:

• sweating heavily
• exhaustion or fatigue
• dizziness or lightheadedness
• blacking out or feeling dizzy when standing up
• weak but fast pulse
• feelings of nausea
• vomiting

Symptoms of heatstroke include:

• reddish skin that feels hot to the touch
• strong and fast pulse
• losing consciousness
• internal body temperature over 103˚F (39˚C)

Treatment

If someone loses consciousness and shows one or more of the symptoms of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, call 911 right away.

To treat heat exhaustion, try to keep yourself cool with cold, damp cloths around your body and slowly take small sips of water until the symptoms begin to fade. Try to get out of the heat. Find some place with air conditioning or a lower temperature (especially out of direct sunlight). Rest on a couch or bed.

To treat heatstroke, cover yourself with cold, damp cloths or take a cold bath to normalize your body temperature. Get out of the heat immediately to a place with a lower temperature. Don’t drink anything until you (or the person experiencing heatstroke) receive medical attention.

Prevention

Stay well-hydrated to best avoid heat-related illness. Drink enough fluids so that your urine is light-colored or clear. Don’t rely solely on thirst as a guide to how much liquid you should be drinking. When you lose a lot of fluids or sweat profusely, be sure to replace electrolytes as well.

Wear clothing that is appropriate to your environment. Clothes that are too thick or too warm can quickly cause you to become overheated. If you feel yourself getting too hot, loosen your clothing or remove excess clothing until you feel cool enough. Wear sunscreen when possible to avoid sunburn, which makes it harder for your body to get rid of excess heat.

Try to avoid places that can get extremely hot, such as inside cars. Never leave another person, child, or pet, even for short periods of time.

Risk factors

Common risk factors that can cause you to be more susceptible to heat-related illness include:

• being younger than 4 or older than 65
• exposure to abrupt weather changes from cold to hot
• being overweight or obese
• taking medications such as diuretics and antihistamines
• using illicit drugs such as cocaine
• exposure to a high heat index (measurement of both heat and humidity)

As with high temperatures, don’t rely solely on the thermometer reading of environmental air for gauging cold temperatures. The speed of the wind and external body moisture can cause a chill that dramatically changes your body’s rate of cooling and how you feel. In extremely cold weather, especially with a high wind chill factor, you can quickly experience the onset of hypothermia. Falling into cold water can also result in immersion hypothermia.

Some cold-related illnesses include:

• hypothermia
• frostbite
• trench foot (or “immersion foot”)
• chilblains
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• cold-induced hives

In addition to these illnesses, winter weather can cause major inconveniences for travelers. Always be prepared to deal with heavy snow and extreme cold, whether you’re on the road or at home.

Symptoms

When your body first drops below 98.6˚F (37˚C), you may experience:

• shivering
• an increased heart rate
• a slight decrease in coordination
• an increased urge to urinate

When your body temperature is between 91.4˚ and 85.2˚F (33˚ and 30˚C), you’ll:

• decrease or stop shivering
• fall into a stupor
• feel drowsy
• be unable to walk
• experience quick alternations between rapid heart rate and breathing too slowly
• shallow breathing

Between 85.2˚ and 71.6˚F (30˚C and 22˚C), you’ll experience:

• minimal breathing
• poor to no reflexes
• inability to move or respond to stimuli
• low blood pressure
• possibly coma

A body temperature below 71.6˚F (22˚C) can result in muscles becoming rigid, blood pressure becoming extremely low or even absent, heart and breathing rates decreasing, and it can ultimately lead to death.

Treatment

If someone passes out, shows multiple symptoms listed above, and has a body temperature of 95˚F (35˚C) or lower, call 911 immediately. Perform CPR if the person isn’t breathing or doesn’t have a pulse.

To treat hypothermia, get out of the cold as soon as possible and to a warmer environment. Remove any damp or wet clothing and start warming up the middle areas of your body, including your head, neck, and chest, with a heating pad or against the skin of someone with a normal body temperature. Drink something warm to gradually increase your body temperature, but don’t have anything alcoholic.

Even after you begin to feel warm again, stay dry and keep yourself wrapped up in a warm blanket. Seek medical help right away to minimize the harm to your body.

To treat frostbite, soak the affected area in warm water no hotter than 105˚F (40˚C) and wrap it in gauze. Keep any toes or fingers affected by frostbite separated from each other to avoid rubbing the areas against each other. Do not rub, use, or walk on frostbitten skin, as this can cause tissue damage. See your doctor if you still can’t feel anything on your frostbitten skin after 30 minutes.

Prevention

It’s essential to protect anyone experiencing early symptoms of hypothermia. If possible, remove them from the cold immediately. Don’t try to warm a person suffering from serious hypothermia with vigorous exercise or rubbing, as this can lead to further problems.

To prevent cold-related illness, take one or more of these measures when the temperature starts to drop:

• eat substantial meals regularly and drink plenty of water
• avoid drinks with alcohol or caffeine
• remain inside near a source of heat
• wear a hat, beanie, or something similar on your head to retain heat and gloves or mittens on your hands
• wear multiple layers of clothing
• use lotion and lip balm to prevent dryness of your skin and lips
• bring extra clothes to change into in case you get damp or wet
• wear sunglasses when it’s snowing or extremely bright outside to avoid snow blindness

Risk factors

Common risk factors for hypothermia and frostbite include:

• being younger than 4 or older than 65
• consuming alcohol, caffeine, or tobacco
• being dehydrated
• exposing skin to extremely cold temperatures, especially when exercising and sweating
• becoming damp or wet in cold temperatures

Last medically reviewed on January 10, 2017

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Beat the heat weather ready nation campaign. (2014, July 28). Retrieved from 
  nws.noaa.gov/os/heat/index.shtml
• Cold related illnesses. (2016)
  health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/hypothermia/illnesses.php
• Cold weather illness: Recognition, management, and prevention of cold exposure. (2016)
  uiltexas.org/health/info/cold-weather-illness
• Hypothermia. (2012, December 3)
  cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, May 16). Heat and exercise: Keeping cool in hot weather
  mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048167
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, November 25). Heat exhaustion. Retrieved from
  mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-exhaustion/basics/definition/con-20033366
• Tips to prevent cold related illness. (2014, January 25). Retrieved from
  dmhhs.dc.gov/release/tips-prevent-cold-related-illness
• Top ten Red Cross cold weather safety tips. (2015, February 18)
  redcross.org/news/article/Top-Ten-Red-Cross-Cold-Weather-Safety-Tips
• Warning signs and symptoms of heat-related illness. (2011, June 20)
  cdc.gov/extremeheat/warning.html
• Wexler, R. K. (2002, June 1). Evaluation and treatment of heat-related illnesses. American Family Physician, 65(11), 2307-2315
  aafp.org/afp/2002/0601/p2307.html
• Winter weather. (2015, April 23)
  cdc.gov/disasters/winter/index.html

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M.D. — By The Healthline Editorial Team — Updated on September 17, 2018

Read this next

• How Extremely Cold Weather Can Affect Your Health

  Snow and freezing temperatures have hit the East Coast. Weather like this can put your health at risk in many ways, but you can take steps to protect…

  READ MORE

• Feel Cold All the Time? Here’s Why — and How to Warm Up

  Medically reviewed by Avi Varma, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, FAAFP

  If you always feel cold, you might just have a lower cold tolerance, but a constant cold sensation can also suggest an underlying health concern.

  READ MORE

• Hypothermia

  Medically reviewed by George Krucik, MD, MBA

  Hypothermia is a condition that occurs when your body temperature drops below 95°F. Major complications can result from this drop in temperature…

  READ MORE

• Myth Busters: Does Cold Weather Make You Sick?

  Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D., MSN

  Does cold weather really make you sick? Learn why cold weather gets a bad rap and what culprits you should really be wary of.

  READ MORE

• What Can I Do About Cold Feet and Hands?

  Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.O.

  Whether you have cold feet and hands naturally or there’s a cause that you need to remedy, here’s what to know and what you can do about it.

  READ MORE

• What Is Hyperthermia and How Is It Treated?

  Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.O.

  Hyperthermia occurs when your temperature climbs too high and threatens your health. Here’s why this happens and what you can do to prevent illness.

  READ MORE

• Diagnosing and Treating a Winter Rash

  Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI

  A winter rash is an area of irritated skin that develops during winter, often due to dry skin. Learn how to treat and prevent winter rashes.

  READ MORE

• Sun Protective Clothing

  Medically reviewed by Laura Marusinec, MD

  Clothing and hats are among the simplest and most effective ways to guard your skin from the sun’s harmful rays. Unlike sunscreen, you won’t have to…

  READ MORE

• Everything You Need to Know About Ice Burn

  An ice burn can develop when your skin is exposed to very cold temperatures. Learn how to prevent and treat it.

  READ MORE

• Everlywell Review: Are These Home Test Kits Worth It?

  Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI

  Everlywell home test kits are a convenient way to get information about your health. We review the pros and cons.

  READ MORE

Heat Tracker: Dangerous Temperatures Expected Across Texas and the South

1. Monday
2. Tuesday
3. Wednesday
4. Thursday
5. Friday
6. Saturday
7. Sunday

Dangerous levels of heat are forecast in the South, West and Northeast on Monday, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

See temperatures on this page as:

Caution
Feels like 80°-90°

Extreme caution
90°-103°

Danger
103°-125°

Heat index forecast for Monday

A map showing the highest forecast heat index level in the contiguous United States on Monday.

CALIF.

NEV.

LA.

TEXAS

ALA.

ARIZ.

ARK.

COLO.

FLA.

GA.

IDAHO

ILL.

IND.

IOWA

KAN.

KY.

MAINE

MD.

MASS.

MICH.

MINN.

MISS.

MO.

MONT.

NEB.

N.J.

N.M.

N.Y.

N.C.

N.D.

OHIO

OKLA.

ORE.

PA.

S.C.

S.D.

TENN.

UTAH

VA.

WASH.

W.VA.

WIS.

WYO.

CALIF.

NEV.

LA.

TEXAS

ALA.

ARIZ.

ARK.

COLO.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

GA.

IDAHO

ILL.

IND.

IOWA

KAN.

KY.

MAINE

MD.

MASS.

MICH.

MINN.

MISS.

MO.

MONT.

NEB.

N.H.

N.J.

N.M.

N.Y.

N.C.

N.D.

OHIO

OKLA.

ORE.

PA.

S.C.

S.D.

TENN.

UTAH

VT.

VA.

WASH.

W.VA.

WIS.

WYO.

CALIF.

NEV.

LA.

TEXAS

ALA.

ARIZ.

ARK.

COLO.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

GA.

IDAHO

ILL.

IND.

IOWA

KAN.

KY.

MAINE

MD.

MASS.

MICH.

MINN.

MISS.

MO.

MONT.

NEB.

N.H.

N.J.

N.M.

N.Y.

N.C.

N.D.

OHIO

OKLA.

ORE.

PA.

R.I.

S.C.

S.D.

TENN.

UTAH

VT.

VA.

WASH.

W.VA.

WIS.

WYO.

CALIF.

NEV.

LA.

TEXAS

ALA.

ARIZ.

ARK.

COLO.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

GA.

IDAHO

ILL.

IND.

IOWA

KAN.

KY.

MAINE

MD.

MASS.

MICH.

MINN.

MISS.

MO.

MONT.

NEB.

N.H.

N.J.

N.M.

N.Y.

N.C.

N.D.

OHIO

OKLA.

ORE.

PA.

R.I.

S.C.

S.D.

TENN.

UTAH

VT.

VA.

WASH.

W.VA.

WIS.

WYO.

Source: NOAA

Map shows the highest forecast heat index level on Monday.

Jump to:

Your areaMajor citiesThe week ahead

About 57.4 million people — 17 percent of the population of the contiguous United States — live in the areas expected to have dangerous levels of heat.

The heat index is a measure of how hot it really feels outside, taking into account humidity along with temperature. The measurement is used to indicate when the level of heat is dangerous for the human body while in the shade. When out in the sun, a person could perceive that temperature as being higher by up to 15 degrees Fahrenheit (8. 3 degrees Celsius).

Risks associated with heat index levels

Caution

Fatigue is possible after long exposure or exercise.

A heat index of 80 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit

Extreme caution

Possible risk of heat stroke, heat cramps or heat exhaustion after long exposure or exercise.

90 to 103 degrees

Danger

Heat cramps or heat exhaustion is likely. After long exposure or exercise, heat stroke is also possible.

103 to 125 degrees

Extreme Danger

Heat stroke is highly likely.

125 degrees or higher

Risk level definitions are from NOAA.

Hundreds of people die from extreme heat in the United States every year. On hot days, the National Weather Service recommends that people drink fluids, stay in cooler rooms, keep out of the sun and check up on relatives and neighbors, especially older people and those who live alone.

How hot will it feel in your area?

Look up the coming week’s forecast for places across the country, and see the heat index forecast in or near your city or town.

Heat index forecast for…

Over the next week in {city_name}, the highest heat index forecast is {weekly_max_temp} degrees {temp_unit} on {weekly_max_day}. Compared with today, forecasts show that the heat index will be {week_outlook}.

Heat forecasts in major cities

During this weeklong period, 66 major cities are forecast, as of Monday, to have dangerous levels of heat on one or more days.

Fayetteville, N.C.

Phoenix, Ariz.

Chandler, Ariz.

Gilbert, Ariz.

Mesa, Ariz.

Tampa, Fla.

Chesapeake, Va.

Glendale, Ariz.

Scottsdale, Ariz.

Peoria, Ariz.

Tempe, Ariz.

Jacksonville, Fla.

Tucson, Ariz.

Raleigh, N.C.

Corpus Christi, Texas

Orlando, Fla.

Durham, N.C.

Laredo, Texas

Baton Rouge, La.

Cary, N.C.

Savannah, Ga.

Lafayette, La.

Key West, Fla.

Houston, Texas

Charlotte, N.C.

St. Petersburg, Fla.

Norfolk, Va.

Hialeah, Fla.

Columbus, Ga.

Brownsville, Texas

Shreveport, La.

Hattiesburg, Miss.

Austin, Texas

Las Vegas, Nev.

Augusta, Ga.

Newport News, Va.

Miami, Fla.

New Orleans, La.

Tallahassee, Fla.

Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

Macon, Ga.

Jackson, Miss.

Gulfport, Miss.

Mobile, Ala.

Biloxi, Miss.

San Antonio, Texas

Dallas, Texas

Montgomery, Ala.

Tupelo, Miss.

Fort Worth, Texas

Tulsa, Okla.

Plano, Texas

Irving, Texas

Garland, Texas

Frisco, Texas

McKinney, Texas

Little Rock, Ark.

Southaven, Miss.

Arlington, Texas

Grand Prairie, Texas

Olive Branch, Miss.

Memphis, Tenn.

Killeen, Texas

Oklahoma City, Okla.

Lincoln, Neb.

Topeka, Kan.

Source: NOAA

Values shown represent the highest forecast heat index level for each day. Forecast data is as of 8:44 a.m. on July 3, 2023.

The week ahead across the nation

While next-day forecasts can be quite accurate, forecasts become less reliable the further into the future they predict. Over the next week, dangerous levels of heat are expected in the South, Midwest and West.

Heat index forecast for the next six days

Maps show the highest level forecast each day.

Caution
Feels like 80°-90°

Extreme caution
90°-103°

Danger
103°-125°

Tuesday, July 4

Wednesday, July 5

Thursday, July 6

Friday, July 7

Saturday, July 8

Sunday, July 9

Source: NOAA

Summer temperatures have become hotter and more extreme in recent decades, and the health effects of extreme heat can be severe.

Methodology

Maps on this page are as of 8:44 a.m. on July 3, 2023, using data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. All data shown are forecasts, including maps for the date of publication.

The highest forecast heat index is calculated using all available hourly forecasts for each day published by the NOAA. For some days further in the future, forecasts are published only every three or six hours. This means that the highest forecast heat index numbers are more accurate for the most recent maps.

Population calculations are based on census tract population centers from the U.S. Census Bureau. Tracts are determined to be at risk of dangerous heat if the population center of the tract is forecast to be exposed to a heat index of 103 degrees Fahrenheit or more.

Model List and Criteria for Hazardous Meteorological Phenomena

Model List and Criteria for Hazardous Meteorological Phenomena

significant damage to sectors of the economy.

Based on the typical (exemplary) list of hazards below, the territorial departments of the hydrometeorological service (UGMS) compile a list of hazards adjusted to local specifics for their service area.

unfavorable meteorological phenomena include meteorological phenomena, which by their characteristics (intensity, duration) do not reach the criteria of an OH, but significantly impede the activity of certain sectors of the economy.

Source: Manual on Short-range Weather Forecasts (RD 52.27.724 – 2019)

0008

4. High/Low Temperature Hazards \ ConsultantPlus

The document has not entered into force. See Help for more details

4. High/low temperature hazards

4.1

High temperature surfaces (exposure to convective heat)

4.1.1

Burning of the skin of a worker due to contact with a surface having a high temperature

Protective clothing against convective heat

Suit

1 pc.

Overalls

1 pc.

1 pc.

Special footwear for protection against contact with heated surfaces

Low shoes

Boots

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

Hand protection against convective heat

Gloves

Mittens

12 pairs

Armbands to protect against convective heat

12 pairs

Personal head protection: headgear to protect against convective heat

Balaclava

1 pc. for 2 years

Helmet

Hat

1 pc. for 2 years

Eye and face protection against convective heat

Face shield

1 pc.

4.2

High temperature material, liquid or gas

4.2.1

Burning of the skin and mucous membranes of a worker due to contact with a material, liquid or gas having a high temperature

Protective clothing against convective heat

Suit

1 pc.

Overalls

1 pc.

Special footwear for protection against contact with heated surfaces

Low shoes

Boots

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

Hand protection against convective heat

Gloves

Mittens

12 pairs

Armbands to protect against convective heat

12 pairs

Head protection for heat protection

Protective helmet up to +150 °C

1 pc. for 2 years

Headgear to protect against convective heat: balaclava, helmet

1 pc. for two years

Personal splash protection

Protective shield

1 pc. for 2 years

Personal protective equipment for respiratory organs of the filtering type, antiaerosol, antigasoaerosol (combined)

Antiaerosol and antiaerosol with additional protection against gases and vapors personal respiratory protection equipment with a filtering face – filtering half masks

defined by manufacturer’s documents

Respirator

Gas mask

defined by manufacturer’s documents

Insulating facepieces (masks, half masks, quarter masks) for personal protective equipment (used in conjunction with replacement filters)

Replacement filters (filter elements: anti-aerosol, anti-gas, anti-gas-aerosol (combined) for personal protective equipment

Air-supplied respiratory protective equipment

Filter self-rescuers

4. 3

Other hazards associated with exposure to convective heat

In case of identification of other hazards at the workplace, the employee is provided with personal protective equipment necessary to protect against the identified hazards. The nomenclature, quantity and terms of wear are determined by the employer in accordance with the Rules and on the basis of the manufacturer’s regulatory and technical documentation

4.4

Energy of open flames, metal splashes, sparks and splashes of molten metal and metal scale

4.4.1

Burns of the skin and mucous membranes of a worker exposed to an open flame

Special clothing for protection against short-term exposure to open flames

Suit

1 pc.

Overalls

1 pc.

Personal protective equipment for hands to protect against short-term exposure to open flame

Gloves

Mittens

12 pairs

Sleeves

12 pairs

Special footwear for protection against short-term exposure to open flames and against contact with heated surfaces

Boots

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

Personal protective equipment head: headgear for protection against short-term exposure to open flames

Balaclava

1 pc. for 2 years

Helmet

Hat

1 pc. for 2 years

Head protection for heat protection

Protective helmet

+150 °C

1 pc. for 2 years

Personal protective equipment for the face against thermal radiation

Face shield

1 pc.

4.4.2

Burn of the cornea of ​​an employee’s eye with hot liquids and gases, as well as thermal radiation and exposure to open flames

Personal protective equipment for the face against thermal radiation

Goggles

1 pc.

Protective shield

1 pc.

4.4.3

Burns of the skin and mucous membranes of a worker from exposure to sparks and splashes of molten metal and scale

Special clothing for protection against sparks and splashes of molten metal, scale

Suit

1 pc.

Coverall according to protection classes

1 pc.

By protection class

Apron for protection against sparks and splashes of molten metal, scale

1 pc.

Special footwear for protection of sparks and splashes of molten metal, scale

Boots

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

Personal protective equipment for protection against sparks and splashes of molten metal, scale

Gloves

Mittens

12 pairs

Sleeves

12 pairs

Personal head protection: headgear to protect against sparks and splashes of molten metal, scale

Balaclava

1 pc.

Drape

1 pc.

Helmet

1 pc.

Personal protective equipment for eyes and face against splashes of molten metal and hot particles

Goggles

Protective shield

defined by manufacturer’s documents

including with automatic filter

4.4.4

Burns of the skin and mucous membranes of a worker due to a splash of molten metal

Molten metal splash clothing

Suit

Raincoat

1 pc.

Overalls

1 pc.

Raincoat

1 pc.

Molten Splash Drape

1 pc.

Molten metal splash protection for hands

Gloves

Mittens

12 pairs

Molten Splash Sleeves

12 pairs

Special footwear for protection against contact with heated surfaces

Low shoes

Boots

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

Head protection for heat protection

Protective helmet

+150 °C

1 pc. for 2 years

Personal protective equipment for eyes and face against splashes of molten metal and hot particles

Goggles Protective visor

defined by manufacturer’s documents

including with automatic filter

4. 4.5

Other hazardous burn events

In case of identification of other hazards at the workplace, the employee is provided with personal protective equipment necessary to protect against the identified hazards. The nomenclature, quantity and terms of wear are determined by the employer in accordance with the Rules and on the basis of the manufacturer’s regulatory and technical documentation

4.5

Chilled surface, chilled liquid or gas

4.5.1

Frostbite of the soft tissues of a worker due to contact with a surface having a low temperature, with a cooled liquid or gas

Personal protective equipment for hands to protect against contact with chilled surfaces

Gloves

Mittens

12 pairs

Leg protection for cold surfaces

Knee pads

defined by manufacturer’s documents

Special rubber or plastic shoes) for protection against water

Galoshes

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

or

Special footwear for protection against water and solutions of non-toxic substances

Boots

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

4. 6

Other high and low temperature hazards

In case of identification of other hazards at the workplace, the employee is provided with personal protective equipment necessary to protect against the identified hazards. The nomenclature, quantity and terms of wear are determined by the employer in accordance with the Rules and on the basis of the manufacturer’s regulatory and technical documentation

4.7

Low ambient temperature in the working area, including climate-related

4.7.1

Worker colds due to exposure to low air temperature, frostbite of soft tissues, including soft tissues of the limbs

Special clothing for protection against low temperatures, low temperatures and wind

Suit/set (including separate items: jacket, trousers, semi-overalls, vest)

According to climatic zones and protection classes

Overalls

According to climatic zones and protection classes

Special insulated underwear (insulated underpants/knickers, sweatshirt, insulated)

2 pcs.

or

Special thermal underwear (underpants/knickers, jersey)

2 pcs.

Hosiery

12 pairs

Special footwear for protection against low temperatures

Boots

Half boots

Boots

according to climatic zones

Footwear, felted

for climatic zones for climatic zones

Fur boots (boots)

Cold weather hand protection

Gloves

Mittens for climatic zones

4 pairs

Fur mittens

1 pair for 2 years

Personal head protection: cold weather headgear

Balaclava

1 pc.

Fur balaclava

1 pc. for 3 years

According to climatic zones

Hat

1 pc.

Helmet

1 pc.

4.8

High ambient temperature, in the working area, including climate-related

4.8.1

Heat stroke during prolonged exposure to the open air with direct exposure to the sun’s rays on the unprotected surface of the head

Special clothing for protection against general industrial pollution

Suit (including separate items: jacket, trousers, semi-overalls)

1 pc.

Suit (including separate items: shirt, shirt, skirt)

1 pc.

1 pc.

Overalls

1 pc.

light

Robe

1 pc.

light

1 pc.

Special footwear for protection against general industrial pollution

Low shoes (also with perforations) Low shoes

1 pair

Shoes (sabo)

1 pair

Personal protective equipment head: headgear for protection against general industrial pollution

Cap

Baseball cap

Cap

Visor

Scarf

Cap

1 pc.

4.8.2

Heat stroke from prolonged exposure to high air temperature;

heat stroke during long stay in a room with high air temperature;

Clothing for protection against thermal radiation

Suit

1 pc.

Overalls

1 pc.

or

Raincoat

1 pc.

Radiant heat hand protection

Gloves

Mittens

12 pairs

Radiant Heat Sleeves

12 pairs

Special footwear for protection against contact with heated surfaces

Low shoes

Boots

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

Radiant heat headgear

Helmet

1 pc.

Balaclava

Hat

1 pc.

Personal protective equipment for the face against thermal radiation

Shield

1 pc.

4.9

High ambient humidity in the work area, including climate related

4.9.1

Exposure to moisture in the form of fog, dew, precipitation, condensation, jets and drops of liquid

Protective clothing against water

Coat

short coat

raincoat

1 pc. for 2 years

Windbreaker or cape

1 pc. for 2 years

Suit, including separate items: jacket, trousers, semi-overalls according to protection classes

Overalls

1 pc. for 2 years

according to protection classes

Personal protective equipment for hands to protect against water and solutions of non-toxic substances

Gloves

Mittens

6 pairs

Sleeves

defined by manufacturer’s documents

Waterproof

Special footwear made of rubber or plastic materials to protect against water

Galoshes

Half boots

Boots

1 pair

or

Special footwear for protection against water and solutions of non-toxic substances

Boots

Low boots

Boots

1 pair

4. 10

Low ambient temperature and wind in the workplace

4.10.1

Illness of a worker due to exposure to air movement and/or low temperature

Special clothing for protection against low temperatures and wind

Suit (including separate items: jacket, trousers, semi-overalls, vest)

1 pc.

Overalls

1 pc.

1 pc.

Protective clothing against cold environment and wind

or

Suit (including separate items: jacket, trousers, semi-overalls, vest)

1 pc.

according to climatic zones and protection classes

Personal head protection: cold weather headgear

Balaclava

1 pc.

Hat

or

Helmet

1 pc.

according to climatic zones

according to climatic zones

1 pc.

Dermatological personal protective equipment of a protective type means for negative environmental influences from exposure to low temperatures, wind

Cream

Lotion

Gel

Spray

600 ml.

Dermatological personal protective equipment regenerating (repairing) type

Cream

Lotion

Gel

Spray

600 ml.

4.10.2

Other hazardous events related to the climate in the work area

In case of identification of other hazards at the workplace, the employee is provided with personal protective equipment necessary to protect against the identified hazards.