What is celecoxib used for. How does celecoxib work. What are the common side effects of celecoxib. What are the serious risks associated with celecoxib. How does celecoxib interact with other medications. Who should avoid taking celecoxib. What precautions should be taken when using celecoxib.

Understanding Celecoxib: A Comprehensive Overview

Celecoxib is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It’s available as both a generic drug and under the brand name Celebrex. This oral capsule is widely used to treat various forms of arthritis, short-term pain, and menstrual cramps. Understanding its mechanisms, uses, and potential risks is crucial for patients and healthcare providers alike.

What is Celecoxib?

Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which means it targets a specific enzyme involved in inflammation and pain. This targeted action sets it apart from traditional NSAIDs, potentially offering a more focused approach to pain management. The drug is available only as an oral capsule, making it convenient for most patients to take as prescribed.

Primary Uses of Celecoxib in Medical Treatment

Celecoxib has been approved for several medical conditions, primarily those involving inflammation and pain. Its versatility makes it a valuable option in various treatment plans.

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Short-term pain management
• Menstrual cramps

For patients suffering from chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, celecoxib can provide significant relief from pain and inflammation, improving quality of life. In cases of acute pain or menstrual cramps, it offers a targeted approach to symptom management.

The Mechanism of Action: How Celecoxib Works

Understanding how celecoxib works in the body is key to appreciating its effectiveness and potential side effects. The drug’s mechanism of action is centered on its ability to inhibit specific enzymes involved in the inflammatory process.

COX Enzyme Inhibition

Celecoxib belongs to the NSAID class of drugs, which work by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for producing prostaglandins, chemicals that cause pain and inflammation in the body. By inhibiting COX enzymes, celecoxib effectively reduces the production of prostaglandins, thereby alleviating pain and inflammation.

Unlike traditional NSAIDs that inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, celecoxib selectively targets COX-2. This selective inhibition is thought to reduce the risk of certain side effects associated with COX-1 inhibition, such as stomach ulcers. However, it’s important to note that while this selectivity may offer some advantages, celecoxib still carries risks, particularly regarding cardiovascular health.

Common Side Effects and Their Management

While celecoxib can be highly effective in treating pain and inflammation, it’s not without potential side effects. Being aware of these can help patients and healthcare providers monitor for any adverse reactions and manage them appropriately.

Gastrointestinal Effects

Some of the most common side effects of celecoxib involve the gastrointestinal system. These may include:

• Stomach pain
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Gas
• Heartburn
• Nausea
• Vomiting

In many cases, these side effects are mild and may resolve on their own within a few days or weeks. Taking celecoxib with food can help mitigate some of these gastrointestinal effects. However, if these symptoms persist or worsen, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

Other Common Side Effects

Additional side effects that patients may experience include:

• Dizziness
• Headache
• Respiratory tract infection

These effects are generally not severe, but if they interfere with daily activities or persist, medical advice should be sought.

Serious Risks and Warnings Associated with Celecoxib

While celecoxib can be an effective treatment for many patients, it comes with several boxed warnings from the FDA, indicating serious potential risks. Understanding these risks is crucial for safe use of the medication.

Cardiovascular Risks

One of the most significant concerns with celecoxib use is the increased risk of cardiovascular events. This risk applies to all NSAIDs but is particularly noteworthy for celecoxib. Patients taking celecoxib may have an elevated risk of:

• Heart attack
• Heart failure
• Stroke

The risk increases with longer duration of use and higher doses. Patients with existing cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure or a history of heart disease, should be particularly cautious and discuss the use of celecoxib thoroughly with their healthcare provider.

Gastrointestinal Risks

Despite its selective COX-2 inhibition, celecoxib still carries risks of serious gastrointestinal complications, including:

• Stomach bleeding
• Ulcers
• Perforation of the stomach or intestines

These complications can occur without warning and can be life-threatening. Older adults (65 years and above) and those with a history of ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding are at higher risk.

Skin Reactions

In rare cases, celecoxib can cause severe skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). These conditions are medical emergencies and require immediate attention. Symptoms may include:

• Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin
• Red or irritated eyes
• Sores in the mouth, throat, nose, or eyes

Drug Interactions and Precautions

Celecoxib can interact with various medications, herbs, and vitamins, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It’s crucial for patients to disclose all medications and supplements they’re taking to their healthcare provider.

Common Drug Interactions

Some medications that may interact with celecoxib include:

• Other NSAIDs or aspirin
• Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
• Certain antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs)
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs for blood pressure
• Diuretics
• Lithium

These interactions can increase the risk of bleeding, affect kidney function, or alter the effectiveness of either medication. Healthcare providers should carefully manage these potential interactions.

Special Precautions

Certain groups of patients should exercise extra caution when considering celecoxib:

• Patients with a history of heart disease or stroke
• Individuals with gastrointestinal issues
• Those with kidney or liver problems
• Patients with a history of asthma
• Pregnant women, especially in the third trimester
• Individuals planning to undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery

For these patients, the risks and benefits of celecoxib should be carefully weighed, and alternative treatments may be considered.

Proper Usage and Dosage Guidelines

Adhering to proper usage and dosage guidelines is essential for maximizing the benefits of celecoxib while minimizing risks. The dosage can vary depending on the condition being treated and individual patient factors.

General Dosage Information

Celecoxib is typically taken orally once or twice daily, depending on the prescribed dosage. The capsules should be swallowed whole with a full glass of water. They can be taken with or without food, although taking them with food may help reduce stomach upset.

Dosages may range from 50 mg to 400 mg per day, depending on the condition:

• For osteoarthritis: Usually 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily
• For rheumatoid arthritis: Typically 100 mg to 200 mg twice daily
• For ankylosing spondylitis: Generally 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily
• For acute pain or menstrual cramps: Often 400 mg initially, followed by 200 mg if needed

It’s crucial to follow the dosage prescribed by your healthcare provider and not exceed the recommended amount or duration of use.

Missed Dose

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. However, if it’s close to the time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule resumed. Patients should never double up on doses to make up for a missed one.

Monitoring and Follow-up Care

Regular monitoring is essential for patients taking celecoxib, especially those on long-term treatment or with pre-existing risk factors. This monitoring helps ensure the medication’s effectiveness and catch any potential complications early.

Regular Check-ups

Patients on celecoxib should have regular follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider. These check-ups may include:

• Blood pressure monitoring
• Kidney function tests
• Liver function tests
• Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors

The frequency of these check-ups will depend on individual patient factors and the duration of treatment.

Signs to Watch For

Patients should be educated about signs that warrant immediate medical attention, such as:

• Chest pain or shortness of breath
• Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g., black, tarry stools)
• Unusual weight gain or swelling
• Skin rashes or allergic reactions
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

Prompt reporting of these symptoms can help prevent serious complications.

Alternative Treatment Options and Considerations

While celecoxib can be effective for many patients, it’s not suitable for everyone. Understanding alternative treatment options is important for both healthcare providers and patients.

Other NSAIDs

For patients who cannot take celecoxib or experience side effects, other NSAIDs might be considered, such as:

• Ibuprofen
• Naproxen
• Diclofenac

Each of these medications has its own risk profile and should be used under medical supervision.

Non-Pharmacological Approaches

In some cases, non-drug therapies can be effective in managing pain and inflammation:

• Physical therapy
• Exercise programs
• Weight management
• Acupuncture
• Heat or cold therapy

These approaches may be used alone or in combination with medication, depending on the individual’s needs and condition.

Other Pain Management Options

For certain conditions, alternative pain management strategies might be considered:

• Acetaminophen for pain relief without anti-inflammatory effects
• Topical treatments for localized pain
• Corticosteroid injections for severe joint inflammation
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis

The choice of treatment should be tailored to the individual patient’s needs, considering their specific condition, overall health, and risk factors.

In conclusion, celecoxib is a potent medication that can provide significant relief for patients suffering from various forms of arthritis and pain. However, its use requires careful consideration of potential risks and benefits, close monitoring, and adherence to prescribed guidelines. By understanding the drug’s mechanisms, potential side effects, and necessary precautions, patients and healthcare providers can make informed decisions about its use in treatment plans. As with any medication, open communication between patients and their healthcare team is crucial for safe and effective use of celecoxib.

Side Effects, Dosage, Uses & More

This drug has boxed warnings. These are the most serious warnings from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Boxed warnings alert doctors and patients about drug effects that may be dangerous.

• Heart risks warning: This drug is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). All NSAIDs can increase your risk of heart attack, heart failure, or stroke. This risk increases the longer you use NSAIDs. It also increases if you use high doses. Your risk may be higher if you have risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure. Talk to your doctor before taking celecoxib if you have heart disease.
• Coronary artery bypass graft warning: Don’t take celecoxib if you will have or have recently had a coronary artery bypass graft, or heart surgery to improve blood flow to your heart. Your risk of heart attack or stroke increases if you take celecoxib to treat pain before or after your surgery.
• Stomach problems warning: Don’t use celecoxib if you have current stomach bleeding or a history of stomach ulcers. Taking celecoxib increases your risk of stomach bleeding, ulcers, or small holes in the lining of your stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These may occur at any time without any warning symptoms. If you’re 65 years or older, you’re at higher risk of these problems.
• Serious skin reactions warning: Taking this drug may cause serious and sometimes deadly skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Get immediate medical help if you have signs of red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; red or irritated eyes; or sores in your mouth, throat, nose, or eyes.

1. Celecoxib oral capsule is available as a generic drug and a brand-name drug. Brand name: Celebrex.
2. Celecoxib only comes as a capsule you take by mouth.
3. This drug is used to treat various forms of arthritis, short-term pain, and menstrual cramps.

Celecoxib oral capsule is a prescription drug that’s available as the brand-name drug Celebrex. It’s also available in a generic version. Generic drugs usually cost less. In some cases, they may not be available in every strength or form as the brand-name version.

Celecoxib only comes as a capsule you take by mouth.

Why it’s used

This drug is used to treat:

• rheumatoid arthritis
• osteoarthritis
• ankylosing spondylitis
• short-term pain
• menstrual cramps

How it works

This drug belongs to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.

NSAIDs block an enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX). COX works in your body to produce chemicals that cause pain and inflammation. By blocking COX, NSAIDs like this drug stop these chemicals from forming. This, in turn, reduces pain and inflammation.

Celecoxib oral capsule does not cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side effects.

More common side effects

The more common side effects that can occur with celecoxib oral capsule include:

• stomach pain
• constipation
• diarrhea
• gas
• heartburn
• nausea
• vomiting
• dizziness
• headache
• respiratory tract infection

If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Serious side effects

Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

• Chest pain or heart attack
• Stroke. Symptoms may include:
  • sudden weakness in one part or side of your body
  • slurred speech
  • drooping on one side of your face
  • blurred vision
  • sudden dizziness or trouble walking
  • very severe headache with no other cause
• High blood pressure
• Edema. Symptoms may include:
  • swelling in your arms and legs, hands and feet
  • unusual weight gain
• Bleeding and ulcers in your stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include:
  • blood in urine
  • vomiting
  • bloody stools
  • black and sticky stools
• Skin reactions, including rash or blisters
• Allergic reactions. Symptoms may include:
  • itching and hives
  • swelling of your face or throat
• Liver problems. Symptoms may include yellowing of your skin or whites of your eyes.
• Asthma attacks

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare provider who knows your medical history.

Celecoxib oral capsule may interact with other medications, herbs, or vitamins you might be taking. That’s why your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. If you’re curious about how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Note: You can reduce your chances of drug interactions by having all of your prescriptions filled at the same pharmacy. That way, a pharmacist can check for possible drug interactions.

Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with celecoxib are listed below.

Blood thinner, anticoagulant

Combining warfarin and celecoxib raises your risk of bleeding.

Mental health drug

Celecoxib may increase the levels of lithium in your body. Signs of lithium toxicity include slurred speech and tremors.

Blood pressure drugs

Celecoxib may reduce the blood pressure-lowering effects of certain blood pressure drugs. Examples of these drugs include:

• antiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• angiotensin II receptor blockers
• diuretics

Transplant drug

Combining cyclosporine and celecoxib raises your risk of kidney damage.

Cancer drugs

Taking celecoxib with certain drugs used to treat cancer raises the risk of side effects from those drugs. These side effects include kidney damage and a decrease in cells that help you fight infection. Examples of these drugs include:

• methotrexate
• pemetrexed

Other NSAIDs

Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Combining it with other NSAIDs increases your risk of side effects. Examples of other NSAIDs include:

• ibuprofen
• naproxen
• aspirin

Corticosteroids

Combining celecoxib with corticosteroids such as prednisone raises your risk of stomach bleeding.

Digoxin

If you take celecoxib with digoxin, the levels of digoxin in your body may be increased. If you take these drugs together, your doctor may monitor your digoxin levels.

Antidepressants

Combining celecoxib with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) increases your risk of stomach bleeding. Examples of SSRIs and SNRIs include:

• citalopram (Celexa)
• paroxetine (Paxil)
• sertraline (Zoloft)
• venlafaxine (Effexor)
• duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare provider about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.

This drug comes with several warnings.

High blood pressure warning

This drug may cause you to develop high blood pressure or may worsen high blood pressure. Take this medication with caution if you have high blood pressure. Check your blood pressure before and while taking this drug.

Asthma warning

Take this drug with caution if you have asthma. It may cause narrowing in your airways, which could lead to death. If your asthma worsens while you take this drug, get immediate medical attention.

Allergy warning

This drug can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms may include:

• trouble breathing
• swelling of your throat or tongue
• hives

If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor or local poison control center right away. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).

Alcohol interaction warning

Combining alcohol with celecoxib raises your risk of stomach bleeding.

Smoking warning

Smoking while taking celecoxib raises your risk of stomach bleeding.

Warnings for people with certain health conditions

For people with heart disease: If you have a history of heart disease or are at risk for heart disease, you shouldn’t take celecoxib. It raises your risk of blood clots, heart attack, and stroke.

For people with stomach problems: If you have a history of stomach bleeding or ulcers, you’re at greater risk of having another ulcer or bleeding event, which may be fatal.

For people with sulfonamide “sulfa” allergy: If you’re allergic to medications that contain sulfonamide, you shouldn’t take this drug. This drug contains sulfonamide. You may have serious skin reactions. Report any skin rash to your doctor right away.

Warnings for other groups

For pregnant women: Tell your doctor if you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Research in animals has shown adverse effects to the fetus when the mother takes the drug. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Call your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking this drug.

For women who are breastfeeding: This drug has been shown to pass through breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you’ll take this drug or breastfeed.

For seniors: This drug has been studied in a small number of people older than 65 years. If you’re 65 years or older, you may have increased risk of stomach problems and kidney failure that may be fatal.

For children: This drug hasn’t been studied in people younger than 2 years.

This dosage information is for celecoxib oral capsule. All possible dosages and forms may not be included here. Your dose, form, and how often you take it will depend on:

• your age
• the condition being treated
• how severe your condition is
• other medical conditions you have
• how you react to the first dose

Forms and strengths

Generic: Celecoxib

• Form: oral capsule
• Strengths: 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg

Brand: Celebrex

• Form: oral capsule
• Strengths: 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg

Dosage for osteoarthritis

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

The typical dosage is 200 mg taken once per day, or 100 mg taken twice per day in evenly spaced doses.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 17 years)

A safe and effective dosage hasn’t been established for this age group.

Dosage for rheumatoid arthritis

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

The typical dosage is 100–200 mg taken twice per day in evenly spaced doses.

Child dosage (ages 2 to 17 years), for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

• For children who weigh 22–55 pounds (10–25 kg), the typical dosage is 50 mg taken twice per day in evenly spaced doses.
• For children who weigh more than 55 pounds (25 kg), the typical dosage is 100 mg taken twice per day in evenly spaced doses.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 1 years)

Dosage hasn’t been established for children younger than 2 years.

Dosage for ankylosing spondylitis

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

• The typical dosage is 200 mg taken once per day or 100 mg taken twice per day in evenly spaced doses.
• If celecoxib isn’t working after 6 weeks, your doctor may try 400 mg per day (single or divided doses).

Child dosage (ages 0 to 17 years)

A safe and effective dosage hasn’t been established for this age group.

Dosage for short-term pain

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

• The typical dosage is 400 mg for the first dose, followed by a 200-mg dose about 8–12 hours later if needed.
• On following days, the typical dosage is 200 mg taken twice per day as needed.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 17 years)

A safe and effective dosage hasn’t been established for this age group.

Dosage for menstrual cramps

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

• The typical dosage is 400 mg for the first dose followed by a 200-mg dose about 8–12 hours later if needed.
• On following days, the typical dosage is 200 mg taken twice per day as needed.

Child dosage (ages 0 to 17 years)

A safe and effective dosage hasn’t been established for this age group.

Special considerations

People with liver disease: Having liver disease may reduce your ability to clear this drug from your body, which could lead to more side effects. If you have moderate liver disease, your daily dose of celecoxib may be reduced by half. If you have severe liver disease, you shouldn’t take this medication.

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.

Celecoxib oral capsule may be used for short-term or long-term treatment, depending on your condition. This drug has risks if you don’t take as prescribed by your doctor.

If you stop or miss doses: If you stop taking this drug, miss doses, or don’t take it on schedule, you may experience more pain caused by your condition.

If you take too much: Taking too much increases your risk of experiencing side effects.

What to do if you miss a dose: If you miss your dose, take it as soon as you can. However, if it’s just a few hours until your next dose, skip the missed dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in toxic side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: You may be able to tell this drug is working if you experience less pain.

Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes celecoxib oral capsule for you.

General

• Whether you should take this drug with food depends on your dosage. If you take 400 mg of celecoxib twice per day, you should take it with food for better drug absorption. If you take up to 200 mg celecoxib twice per day, you can take it with or without food.
• You can open the capsule if you need to.
• If you have trouble swallowing the capsule, you can open it and sprinkle the contents onto a level teaspoon of cool or room-temperature applesauce. Eat the applesauce immediately along with some water.

Storage

• Store at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). From time to time, you can store it at temperatures between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).
• Keep this drug away from light.
• Don’t store this medication in moist or damp areas, such as bathrooms.

Refills

A prescription for this medication is not refillable. You or your pharmacy will have to contact your doctor for a new prescription if you need this medication refilled.

Travel

When traveling with your medication:

• Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
• Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They can’t hurt your medication.
• You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled box with you.
• Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.

Clinical monitoring

Your doctor will check your blood pressure before and during treatment with celecoxib. Your doctor may also do blood tests to check how well your liver and kidneys are functioning during treatment.

Sun sensitivity

You may be more sensitive to sunlight if you take celecoxib. Protect yourself from the sun:

• Wear sun-protective clothing.
• Use sunscreen—SPF 15 or higher.
• Limit your time in direct sunlight.
• Avoid tanning beds.

Insurance

Many insurance companies require a prior authorization for this drug. This means your doctor will need to get approval from your insurance company before your insurance company will pay for the prescription.

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be more suitable for you than others. Talk to your doctor about possible alternatives.

Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

What is Celebrex?

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By Dr. Ananya Mandal, MDReviewed by Sally Robertson, B.Sc.

Celebrex (celecoxib) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain, swelling and joint stiffness in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In the case of tissue trauma such as muscle or joint injury or after surgery, celecoxib may be used to provide short-term relief.

Celecoxib is a member of the drug class Coxib, short for Cox-2 inhibitors, which interfere with the body’s inflammatory processes. Several conditions contraindicate the use of celecoxib and this agent should not be taken without a prescription. Examples of groups of patients who cannot take celecoxib include:

• Pregnant and breastfeeding mothers
• Those at risk of heart attack or stroke
• Individuals with liver or kidney disease
• People with high blood pressure, or high cholesterol,
• Diabetic individuals
• People who are allergic to NSAIDs or sulphur containing drugs.
• Those with Liver disease
• Those with kidney disorders
• Those with diabetes
• Those with high blood pressure
• Alcoholics
• Smokers
• Patients with severe infection

Dose

The usual recommended dose for osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis is 200 mg once daily or divided into two 100 mg daily doses. For period pain or post-surgery or injury pain, the recommended dose is a single dose of 400 mg on the first day and 200 mg twice daily as needed on the following days.

Some of the common side effects of celecoxib include:

• Abdominal bloating and flatulence
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Dizziness
• Swelling of ankles, feet and hands
• Sore throat, fever, chills and flu-like symptoms
• Rash and itchy spots
• Anemia
• Severe allergies or anaphylactic shock

Sources

• http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/c/celebrexcap. pdf
• https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/
• www.medicines.org.uk/…/
• www.nhs.uk/…/MedicineOverview.aspx
• https://www.fda.gov/

Further Reading

• All Celebrex Content
• Celebrex (Celecoxib) Pharmacology
• Celecoxib History
• Celebrex (Celecoxib) and Cancer
• Celebrex (Celecoxib) Side Effects

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2023

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No cardiovascular safety concerns for Celebrex

Treatment of acute attacks of gout | Clinical Rheumatology Hospital №25

Treatment of acute gout attack | Clinical Rheumatology Hospital №25

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of acute attacks of gout , which have a number of advantages:

• Low incidence of side effects

• Possibility of replacement with other drugs

• Quick effect

• Good tolerance

NSAIDs (nimesulide, meloxicam, celecoxib) are widely used in chronic gout. The combined drug Allomaron is sometimes very effective (already in the second week of taking the uric acid balance approaches normal values. Currently, methods of extracorporeal hemocorrection (EG) are widely used in the treatment of gout, which are more effective in “cleansing the blood” from various toxins and toxic Due to their use, pathological substances are removed from the patient’s body, which significantly reduces the severity of gout, reduces the severity of the articular syndrome, improves kidney function, immunological characteristics.0006

To prevent recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis, it is necessary to achieve a decrease in the level of uric acid in the plasma, for this two groups of drugs are used: drugs that promote the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys (urocosuric) and drugs that reduce its synthesis (uricodepressive)

Thus , reducing the severity of gout and gouty arthritis is facilitated by diet, regular intake of basic drugs (uricosuric, uricodepressive), if necessary – NSAIDs, as well as conducting EG courses at intervals of 6-8 months

One of the auxiliary methods of treating gout is HIRUDO THERAPY – treatment with leeches, especially if physiotherapy is contraindicated for the patient.

According to our observations, as a rule, kind and intelligent people suffer from gout; and this pattern requires further study.

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