What is diaper rash? How can it be diagnosed and treated? Get the facts on managing this common skin condition in babies.

Understanding Diaper Rash

Diaper rash is a common skin irritation that occurs in infants and young children. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including moisture, friction, and exposure to irritants. The condition is characterized by red, inflamed skin in the diaper area, and can be accompanied by discomfort, itching, or even pain for the child.

Diagnosing Diaper Rash

In most cases, diaper rash can be diagnosed based on the appearance and symptoms of the affected skin. Healthcare providers may also perform a physical examination or ask about the child’s diapering routine and any potential triggers. In some instances, a bacterial or fungal infection may be the underlying cause, which may require additional testing or treatment.

Treating Diaper Rash

The primary goal in treating diaper rash is to keep the affected area clean, dry, and protected. This can be achieved through a combination of the following strategies:

Skin Care Practices

• Changing diapers promptly after they become wet or soiled
• Gently cleaning the diaper area with warm water and a mild, fragrance-free cleanser
• Allowing the skin to air-dry or patting it dry with a soft, clean towel
• Avoiding the use of baby wipes, talcum powder, and other potentially irritating products

Barrier Creams and Ointments

Applying a thick, zinc-based diaper rash cream or ointment can help create a protective barrier and soothe the affected skin. Over-the-counter options like A+D, Desitin, and Balmex are often effective, while prescription-strength antifungal or hydrocortisone creams may be needed for more severe or persistent cases.

Medication

In some instances, healthcare providers may prescribe additional treatments, such as:

• Mild hydrocortisone cream (0.5% to 1%) for a short duration
• Antifungal creams for yeast infections
• Oral antibiotics for bacterial infections

Preventing Diaper Rash

Taking proactive steps to prevent diaper rash can be an effective way to avoid the discomfort and hassle of this common skin condition. Some key prevention strategies include:

• Changing diapers frequently, especially after bowel movements
• Gently cleansing the diaper area and allowing it to fully dry
• Using breathable, absorbent diapers and avoiding tight-fitting covers
• Exposing the diaper area to air whenever possible
• Identifying and avoiding potential irritants, such as certain wipes or laundry detergents

Alternative Treatments

While traditional medical treatments are often effective, some parents may opt for alternative remedies for diaper rash. These include:

• Applying witch hazel, a natural astringent, to the affected area
• Using human breast milk, which has been shown to have some healing properties
• Applying a paste made from shampoo clay, which may help soothe and heal the rash

It’s important to note that the effectiveness of these alternative treatments may vary, and it’s always wise to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any new remedies, especially for infants and young children.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Most cases of diaper rash can be managed at home, but there are some instances when it’s important to seek medical attention:

• If the rash persists or worsens despite home treatment
• If the rash is accompanied by fever, blisters, or signs of infection
• If the rash covers a large portion of the diaper area
• If the child appears to be in significant discomfort or pain

In these situations, a healthcare provider can help determine the underlying cause and recommend the appropriate treatment plan.

Conclusion

Diaper rash is a common and often manageable condition in infants and young children. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and effective treatment strategies, parents and caregivers can help keep their little ones comfortable and healthy. With proper skin care, the use of barrier creams and ointments, and the occasional need for medical intervention, most cases of diaper rash can be quickly and effectively resolved.

Diaper rash – Diagnosis & treatment

Treatment

The best treatment for diaper rash is to keep your baby’s skin as clean and dry as possible. If the rash doesn’t go away with home treatment, your health care provider might suggest:

• A mild (0.5% to 1%) hydrocortisone (steroid) cream twice a day for 3 to 5 days
• An antifungal cream, if your baby has a fungal infection
• Antibiotic medicine taken by mouth, if your baby has a bacterial infection

A diaper rash might take several days to improve, depending on how severe it is. A rash may come back again and again. If a rash persists even with prescription products, your health care provider may recommend that your baby see a specialist in skin conditions (dermatologist).

Self care

Generally, a diaper rash can be treated successfully at home with these practices:

• Keep the diaper area clean and dry. The best way to keep your baby’s diaper area clean and dry is by changing diapers promptly after they are wet or soiled. Until the rash is better, this may mean getting up during the night to change the diaper. Try using disposable diapers that contain an absorbent gel. They draw wetness away from the skin.
• Rinse your baby’s bottom with warm water as part of each diaper change. You can use a sink, tub or water bottle for this purpose. Moist washcloths, cotton balls and baby wipes can aid in cleaning the skin. Be gentle. Use wipes that don’t contain alcohol or fragrance. Or use a mild soap or a gentle nonsoap cleanser.
• Gently pat the skin dry with a clean towel or let it air dry. Don’t scrub your baby’s bottom. Don’t use talcum powder.

• Apply cream, paste or ointment. After you’ve gently cleaned and dried the skin, apply a cream, paste or ointment. If the product you applied at the previous diaper change is clean, leave it in place and add another layer on top of it. If you do want to remove it, try using mineral oil on a cotton ball.

  Products with a high percentage of zinc oxide or petroleum jelly work well to protect the skin from moisture. Various diaper rash medications are available without a prescription. Talk to your health care provider or pharmacist for specific recommendations. Some popular products include A + D, Balmex, Desitin, Triple Paste and Lotrimin (for yeast infections).

  Zinc oxide is the active ingredient in many diaper rash products. Such products are usually applied to the rash throughout the day to soothe and protect babies’ skin. It doesn’t take much – a thin covering will do. The product can be applied over medicated creams, such as an antifungal or a steroid, when needed. You could also apply petroleum jelly on top, which helps keep the diaper from sticking to the paste, ointment or cream.

  Ointments, pastes or creams may be less irritating than lotions. But ointments and pastes create a barrier over the skin and don’t allow it to receive air. Creams dry on the skin and allow air through.

  As a general rule, stick with products designed for babies. Avoid items containing baking soda, boric acid, camphor, phenol, benzocaine, diphenhydramine or salicylates. These ingredients can be toxic for babies.

• Increase airflow. To aid the healing of diaper rash, do what you can to increase air exposure to the diaper region. These tips may help:
  • Let your baby go without a diaper and ointment for short periods of time, such as during naps.
  • Take a break from plastic or tightfitting diaper covers.
  • Use diapers that are larger than usual until the rash goes away.
• Bathe your baby daily. Until the rash clears up, give your baby a bath each day. Use warm water with mild, fragrance-free soap or a gentle nonsoap cleanser.
• Stop using products that seem to trigger your baby’s rash. Try a different brand of baby wipe, disposable diaper, laundry soap or whatever other product you suspect.

Alternative medicine

The following alternative treatments have worked for some people:

• Witch hazel (winter bloom), a flowering plant. A study showed that applying an ointment made with witch hazel to diaper rash helped. The study included 309 children.

• Human breast milk. Results are mixed on whether human breast milk applied to diaper rash is better than other treatments. One study showed that applying breast milk to diaper rash is an effective and safe treatment. Infants with diaper rash were treated with either 1% hydrocortisone ointment or breast milk. The study included 141 infants. Treatment with breast milk was as effective as the ointment alone.

  Another study compared human breast milk with a cream made from zinc oxide and cod liver oil. Newborns with diaper rash were treated with the cream or the breast milk. The study included 63 babies. Treatment with the cream was more effective.

• Shampoo clay (bentonite). A study showed that shampoo clay was effective in healing diaper rash and that it worked faster than calendula. The study included 60 infants.
• Other substances. Other natural remedies have been tried, including aloe vera, calendula, bee pollen, beeswax and cod liver oil. Further study is needed to prove their effectiveness for treating diaper rash. Some of these substances may promote bacterial growth.

Preparing for your appointment

Generally, diaper rash can be treated successfully at home. Make an appointment with your baby’s health care provider if the rash gets worse despite several days of home treatment, is severe or occurs along with a fever.

Here’s some information to help you get ready for your appointment.

What you can do

• List your baby’s signs and symptoms, and for how long your baby has had them.
• List key information about your baby’s medical conditions and food intake. For example, has your baby been treated for any illness or given any medications recently? Has the baby’s diet changed? If your baby is breastfed also note any medications that might reach the baby through breast milk. Also note changes in the mother’s diet, such as an increase in tomato-based foods.
• List all products that come into contact with your baby’s skin. Your baby’s health care provider will want to know what brand of wipes, diapers, laundry detergent, soaps, lotions, powders and oils you use for your baby. If you suspect that one or more products may be causing your baby’s diaper rash, you may wish to bring them to the appointment so your health care provider can read the label.
• List questions to ask your health care provider. Creating your list of questions in advance can help you make the most of your time with your health care provider.

Below are some basic questions to ask your health care provider about diaper rash.

• What is the most likely cause of my baby’s rash?
• What are other possible causes?
• What can I do to help my baby’s skin heal?
• What diaper ointments, pastes, creams or lotions would you recommend for my baby?
• When should I use an ointment or paste instead of a cream or lotion?
• Do you suggest any other treatments?
• What products or ingredients should I avoid using with my baby?
• Should I avoid exposing my baby to certain foods, either through breast milk or through my baby’s diet?
• How soon do you expect my baby’s symptoms to improve?
• What can I do to prevent this condition from recurring?
• Is the rash a sign of some other internal problem?

What to expect from your doctor

Your health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions. Being ready to answer them may reserve time to go over any points you want to talk about in-depth. Your health care provider may ask:

• When did you first notice your baby’s signs and symptoms?
• What type of diaper does your baby typically wear?
• How often do you or your baby’s child care provider change your baby’s diaper?
• What types of soap and wipes do you use to clean your baby?
• Do you apply any skin care products to your baby, such as lotions, powders, creams and oils?
• Is the baby breastfed? If so, is the mother taking antibiotics? Are there any changes to the mother’s own diet?
• Have you introduced your baby to solid foods?
• What treatments have you tried so far for your baby’s rash? Has anything helped?
• Has your baby recently had any other medical conditions, including any illness that caused diarrhea?
• Has your baby recently taken any new medications?

Diaper Rash | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Diaper rash is a skin problem that develops in the area beneath an infant’s diaper. Diaper rashes are common in babies between 4 to 15 months of age. You may notice the rash more after the infant begins to eat solid foods. The tendency to develop diaper rash typically resolves once the child is toilet trained.

Cause of Diaper Rash

The most common cause of diaper rash is irritation from skin contact with urine and stool. Other causes include:

• Bacterial or yeast infection of the skin
• Illnesses that result in increased frequency of bowel movements
• Illnesses that require treatment with oral antibiotics
• Eczema or psoriasis

Symptoms of Diaper Rash

A diaper rash may develop gradually or may occur very suddenly depending on the cause. You may notice areas of redness, scaling, pustules, and / or sores. Older infants may scratch the affected area when the diaper is removed. Diaper rashes usually do not spread beyond the areas covered by the diaper.

Solutions for Diaper Rash

• The best way to treat diaper rash is to prevent it. It is very important to keep the diaper area dry and clean. Frequent diaper changes, as well as applying a barrier ointment, such as those containing zinc oxide is helpful. Examples include A&D, Desitin and Triple Paste.
• It may be helpful to just use water and a soft cloth or cotton ball to clean the diaper area. Avoid using alcohol-based wipes, which can irritate the infant’s skin.
• Avoid putting diapers on too tightly. Diapers that are too tight do not allow the skin to “breathe,” and may rub or irritate the infant’s skin.
• Your healthcare provider may suggest you use a medicated cream or ointment if an infection is suspected.

• Nystatin, miconazole, clotrimazole and ketaconazole are commonly used medicines for the treatment of diaper rashes caused by yeast.
• Mupirocin and bacitracin are commonly prescribed for the treatment of bacterial skin infections in the diaper area.

• Avoid using the following products on your baby’s bottom:

• Corn starch – it can make the diaper rash worse
• Talcum powder − babies may breathe the powder into their lungs where it can cause breathing problems

• If you use cloth diapers, do not use fabric softeners or dryer sheets since they may make the rash worse. When washing cloth diapers, rinse the diapers two or three times after washing to remove all traces of laundry detergent.
• Always wash your hands before and after changing your child’s diaper.

Call Your Child’s Doctor If:

• The diaper rash gets worse or does not improve in two to three days.
• The rash spreads to the child’s stomach, back, arms or face.
• You notice boils, ulcers, or bleeding in the diaper area.
• Your child is very uncomfortable or in pain.
• Your child has a fever (temperature of 100.4 or higher).

Last Updated 02/2020

Reviewed By Nick DeBlasio, MD

Cincinnati Children’s has primary care services at locations throughout Greater Cincinnati.

Diaper dermatitis in children – how to treat, what ointment to use?

What kind of skin does a newborn baby have?

During the first year of life, many skin functions are immature in children. After birth, the child enters new conditions for himself, his skin must provide mechanical protection, maintain optimal body temperature, prevent the penetration of microorganisms, and prevent moisture loss.

Protective mechanisms of the baby’s skin may be insufficient due to friction, mechanical or thermal damage, excessive exposure to the sun, prolonged contact with moisture, and some skin diseases. Additional risk factors for its damage include the genetic characteristics of skin proteins (primarily filaggrin), early age, disruption of the structure of ceramides (for example, with low consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids), contact with an aggressive / unfavorable external environment, stress, and various disorders. trophism, often associated with a problem of the nervous system, with poor nutrition, with improper skin care or with inadequate treatment.

It would seem that the skin should be washed as often as possible, but the frequent use of detergents leads to a thinning of the barrier lipid layer and makes the skin more vulnerable to the action of pathogenic microorganisms, increases moisture loss.

Original grease, what is it and what to do with it?

When your baby was born, his skin was covered with a primordial lubricant called ( Vernix caseosa ) is a kind of protective film that is unique to humans.

This lubricant promotes the maturation of the upper layer of the skin, contains antimicrobial substances that are active against bacterial and fungal pathogens, improves hydration, reduces moisture loss, thereby maintaining its firmness and elasticity, helps to change the pH of the skin to an acidic side, which facilitates colonization beneficial microflora after birth. And the presence of the amino acid glutamine in its composition promotes rapid cell proliferation, provides trophic function and restoration of the skin in case of damage.

What happens when you don’t take good care of your skin?

Improper skin care often causes diaper dermatitis in children or sometimes called diaper rash , diaper rash 900 04, in which we notice inflammation of the skin at the points of contact with the diaper, diapers.

An important factor in the development of this inflammation is prolonged contact of the skin with the wet surface of the diaper, which leads to maceration and damage. The irritating effect of urine, feces, digestive enzymes, changes in the acidity of the skin under the diaper, bacterial and fungal infections play an important role in the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process. Such a child develops redness, slight peeling, and later superficial erosions may appear on the convex surfaces of the genitals and buttocks, exactly where there is good contact with the diaper. The child becomes restless, cries during a diaper change, while toileting the skin of the buttocks and genital area. If you did not take action in time, then after a couple of days a secondary infection is added, a fungus – candida often joins and we have a bunch of additional problems. The inflammatory response intensifies, spreads and causes even more anxiety for the child and the parents. In some cases, a severe but fortunately rare variant of diaper dermatitis can develop – called Jacquet’s erosive dermatitis.

In which there are characteristic ulcers with clear edges and erosions with raised edges.

What can cause diaper dermatitis

• diarrhea from urine, and with not very high-quality diapers;
• Excess close-fitting diapers or clothing that rubs the skin.
• Irritation from new clothes and hygiene products – the skin may react to baby wipes, a new brand of disposable diapers, or detergent, bleach or fabric softener used for washing, ingredients found in some baby lotions, powders and oils.
• Bacterial or fungal infection . However, what started as a local skin infection can spread to other areas. The area covered by a diaper – the buttocks, thighs and genitals – is particularly vulnerable because it is a warm and humid area, making it an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and yeast. Such rashes can also be found in the folds of the skin, characteristic red dots may appear around.
• New food children. When babies start eating solid foods, the amount of stool changes and frequency may increase, which in turn increases the chance of diaper rash. If your baby is breastfeeding, he may develop diaper rash in response to what mom ate.
• Soft leather . Children with skin conditions such as atopic or seborrheic dermatitis may be more likely to develop diaper rash.
• Antibiotic use . Antibiotics kill bacteria – both good and bad. This is their job. This reduces the number of bacteria that control the growth of fungi / yeast, which leads to an easy occurrence of fungal infection in the area of ​​​​diaper rash. The use of antibiotics also increases the risk of diarrhea. Infants whose mothers take antibiotics are also at an increased risk of diaper rash.

Basic principles for preventing diaper rash :

1. The best way to prevent diaper rash is to keep the diaper area clean and dry .
2. Use quality diapers which have good absorption characteristics;
3. Change the diaper as soon as possible after a bowel movement, if necessary, do this while the baby is sleeping.
4. For contaminated skin use tap water and mild cleansers , such as special baby soap, pH neutral and fragrance free. Do not use wipes containing alcohol or fragrances.
5. Do not rub the skin, when you wash it, try to get the area wet when you wipe your bottom, rubbing can increase skin irritation. After you’ve washed your butt, try laying your baby on a large towel and playing with it until the skin is dry.
6. Do not use solutions containing alcohol in the diaper area , it will dry out the skin
7. Do not overtighten diapers . Tight diapers prevent air circulation, creating a moist environment that is conducive to the appearance of a rash. Overly tight diapers can also cause irritation around the waist or hips.
8. Give your child the opportunity to be without a diaper for a while . At least three or four times a day for 10 minutes.
9. Bathe the child daily until the rash is gone. Use warm water with mild soap, unscented
10. When using reusable diapers, , use neutral baby ointment , which will significantly reduce the risk of skin irritation and create a kind of layer between the skin and the diaper. It does not contain medicinal components or metals. This is an ointment for prevention, not for treatment.
11. Use ointment regularly . If your baby has frequent breakouts, apply a protective ointment at every diaper change to prevent skin irritation.
12. After changing diapers wash your hands well , this will reduce the risk of spreading bacteria or yeast to other parts of the baby’s body.
13. Use of powders such as corn starch or talc is not currently recommended by doctors.

European principles for the prevention of dermatitis – ABCDE prevention standard

• A ir – aeration
• B arrier – protection and preservation of the barrier properties of the epidermis: avoid the use of aggressive hygiene products, alcohol-based lotions, fragrances or powders. Use emollients, ointments that restore the barrier function of the skin, have a regenerating and anti-inflammatory effect.
• C leaning
• D iapper – careful selection of diapers and diaper change as soon as possible after a bowel movement.
• E ducation – parenting training. Creation and implementation of training programs.

What else the doctor may prescribe, e If the rash persists despite home treatment:

• Corticosteroid cream, such as hydrocortisone
• Antifungal Cream
• Topical or oral antibiotics if there is evidence of bacterial infection
• May recommend seeing a skin specialist (dermatologist).

When should I see a doctor as soon as possible – for diaper rash?

1. When the rash looks unusual, there are pustules or watery blisters
2. If the child gets worse despite home treatment
3. If there is bleeding, itching or mucus
4. If you notice that the baby is crying when urinating or defecation
5. If skin changes are accompanied by fever

How to choose an ointment for the prevention and treatment of diaper dermatitis? What qualities should such an ointment have?

1. Proven to be clinically effective and safe in children
2. Improve natural skin protection
3. Maintain optimal humidity levels
4. Contains ingredients with documented safety and benefits
5. Free from unnecessary, potentially toxic substances, sensitizers and irritants, fragrances, antiseptics and preservatives.
6. At the same time, it has a pleasant texture and is easy to apply to the skin.

Today, it is recommended to use substances that enhance the natural protection of the skin, improve its regeneration and create a protective barrier between the skin and external irritants, while allowing the skin to breathe. One of the best, to date, means for the prevention and treatment of diaper dermatitis is ointment which contains dexpanthenol and lanolin.

Dexapentol or provitamin A is quickly absorbed by the skin, after which it turns into pantothenic acid, which plays a central role in the metabolism of each cell and has regenerative, wound healing and protective properties, participates in metabolic processes.

Pantothenic acid is an integral part of coenzyme A, which is found in the membranes of all healthy cells, participates in the regeneration of the skin and mucous membranes, normalizes cellular metabolism, accelerates cell division, increases the strength of collagen fibers, has a slight anti-inflammatory effect, improves the healing of damaged skin. One of the advantages of dexpanthenol is that it has a small molecular weight, easily penetrates into the deepest layers of the skin, attracts water to itself, this allows you to nourish and moisturize the skin at the deepest level. In addition, it has a good evidence base in European studies. Another very useful component is lanolin which provides additional moisture to the skin, forms a protective barrier against external irritants.

This is a completely natural component, produced by the sebaceous glands of sheep, the composition is very similar to the secretion of the human sebaceous glands. Lanolin has excellent moisturizing and softening properties, it is able to hold twice as much water as it weighs. It protects the skin by forming a thin film on its surface, preventing skin friction in the places of folds, which is one of the causes of dermatitis. This substance is approved in the USA for use in newborns, and for the treatment of the nipples of a nursing woman as a wound healing agent.

Diaper dermatitis prevention and treatment

her. By following the simple rules of care, washing and using ointment for prevention, you can ensure that your child will have healthy clean skin and delight you with his good mood!

Video – diaper dermatitis treatment and prevention

Let your children be healthy and successful!

Pelus dermatitis: buy preparations for pellus visipu

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Razratuvannya skins of the baby due to thorny contact with deformities, damage to the introduction of sweat and mechanical scuffing with wet cloth are often milked. All pererakhovannye mind to pour on the skin covered with a diaper or a pelyushka. For the same reason, such businessmen will require the greatest respect in the prevention of child abuse. For the prevention of pelyushkovogo razdratuvannya іsnuє file a significant list of medicaments. However, a trace of remembrance, that the daily zasib in the middle of the night can not get ahead of the swindle without the introduction of hygienic rules for keeping an eye on the child’s skin.

All preparations are applied to the cleaned and well dried skin of the child. Particular respect for hygienic treatment of the varto should be given in case of obvious symptoms of inflammation. You can start vikoristovuvaty for the treatment of pelyushkovy visipu without proper consultation of a doctor. However, with the presence of a sudden rise in temperature in a child, disrupted eating, presence in the affected area of ​​hemorrhage or confusion in the reasons, which provoked a visip, looking at a competent medical practitioner is guilty of carrying out in the shortest term.

What are the symptoms of bee dermatitis?

Drugs of a kind are available in powders (powders, waxes), ointments and creams. However, it is not the form of the release, but the components that enter the warehouse that are in the first line of power. In the first line, they include speeches, like they dry the skin and regulate sweating. Deyakі zasobi vіd pіtnitsі dodatkovo mіstіt dіzіnfіkuyuuchі, protizapalnі аnd wound healing components.

Also, if necessary, pay respect for the liquor preparations, which will change the severance. This way, you can prevent additional injury to the skinny twists of the baby.

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