How does doxycycline monohydrate treat urinary tract infections. What is the recommended dosage for UTI treatment. What are the potential side effects of using doxycycline for UTIs. How does doxycycline interact with other medications. What precautions should be taken when using doxycycline for UTIs.

Understanding Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that affect millions of people worldwide. They occur when bacteria enter and multiply in the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. While various antibiotics can be used to treat UTIs, doxycycline monohydrate has emerged as an effective option, particularly for complicated cases involving multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Doxycycline monohydrate belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and has broad-spectrum activity against many bacterial species. Its effectiveness in treating UTIs, especially those caused by resistant pathogens, has been demonstrated in clinical studies and case reports.

What causes urinary tract infections?

UTIs are primarily caused by bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common culprit. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. In some cases, fungi or viruses may be responsible for urinary tract infections, although these are less common.

Why is doxycycline monohydrate considered for UTI treatment?

Doxycycline monohydrate is considered for UTI treatment due to several factors:

• Broad-spectrum activity against many bacterial species
• Ability to achieve high concentrations in urine
• Effectiveness against some multidrug-resistant bacteria
• Oral formulation, which allows for convenient outpatient treatment
• Relatively low toxicity profile compared to some other antibiotics

Doxycycline Monohydrate: Mechanism of Action in UTI Treatment

Doxycycline monohydrate works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which is essential for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. By interfering with this crucial process, doxycycline effectively stops the proliferation of susceptible bacteria, allowing the body’s immune system to clear the infection.

How does doxycycline target bacteria in the urinary tract?

Doxycycline is well-absorbed after oral administration and is excreted in high concentrations in the urine. This property allows it to reach therapeutic levels in the urinary tract, where it can directly act on the infecting bacteria. The drug’s ability to achieve high urinary concentrations contributes to its effectiveness in treating UTIs.

Is doxycycline effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

While antibiotic resistance is a growing concern, doxycycline has shown efficacy against some multidrug-resistant bacteria. For instance, in the case report by White et al. (2017), doxycycline successfully treated a UTI caused by both E. coli and multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive K. pneumoniae. This suggests that doxycycline may be a valuable option in cases where other antibiotics have failed due to resistance.

Dosage and Administration of Doxycycline Monohydrate for UTIs

The appropriate dosage of doxycycline monohydrate for UTI treatment can vary depending on the severity of the infection, the patient’s age and health status, and the susceptibility of the infecting bacteria. It’s crucial to follow the prescribing physician’s instructions carefully.

What is the typical dosage for UTI treatment?

While dosages may vary, a common regimen for adults with UTIs is:

• 100 mg of doxycycline monohydrate taken orally twice daily
• Treatment duration typically ranges from 7 to 14 days, depending on the infection’s severity and response to treatment

It’s important to note that the exact dosage and duration should be determined by a healthcare professional based on individual patient factors and the specific characteristics of the infection.

How should doxycycline monohydrate be taken?

To maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects, consider the following guidelines when taking doxycycline monohydrate:

1. Take the medication with a full glass of water to prevent irritation of the esophagus
2. Doxycycline can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset
3. Avoid taking doxycycline with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices, as these can interfere with absorption
4. Do not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to prevent esophageal irritation
5. Complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

While doxycycline monohydrate is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects in some patients. Being aware of these potential effects and taking necessary precautions can help ensure safe and effective treatment.

What are the common side effects of doxycycline?

Common side effects of doxycycline may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Skin rash or itching
• Photosensitivity (increased sensitivity to sunlight)
• Headache
• Vaginal yeast infections

Most of these side effects are mild and resolve on their own. However, if they persist or worsen, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

Are there any serious side effects to be aware of?

While rare, serious side effects can occur with doxycycline use. These may include:

• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Esophageal ulceration
• Intracranial hypertension (increased pressure in the skull)
• Severe skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea

If any of these serious side effects occur, immediate medical attention should be sought.

Drug Interactions and Contraindications

Doxycycline can interact with various medications and substances, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Understanding these interactions is crucial for safe and effective treatment.

Which medications can interact with doxycycline?

Doxycycline may interact with the following:

• Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium
• Iron supplements
• Oral contraceptives (may reduce effectiveness)
• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
• Barbiturates and carbamazepine
• Penicillins and other bactericidal antibiotics

It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you’re taking before starting doxycycline treatment.

Who should not take doxycycline monohydrate?

Doxycycline is contraindicated in certain populations, including:

• Individuals with known hypersensitivity to tetracycline antibiotics
• Pregnant women, especially in the latter half of pregnancy
• Children under 8 years old (due to the risk of permanent tooth discoloration)
• Patients with severe liver dysfunction

Additionally, caution should be exercised in patients with a history of esophageal disorders or those at risk for esophageal reflux.

Effectiveness of Doxycycline in Treating Complicated UTIs

The case report by White et al. (2017) highlights the potential of doxycycline in treating complicated UTIs, particularly those involving multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study provides valuable insights into the drug’s efficacy in challenging clinical scenarios.

How did doxycycline perform in the case study?

In the reported case, a 70-year-old male patient with a history of recurrent UTIs presented with a symptomatic, polymicrobial infection caused by E. coli and multidrug-resistant, ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae. After initial treatment failures with ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanate, the patient was successfully treated with oral doxycycline hyclate, resulting in clinical improvement.

What factors contributed to the success of doxycycline in this case?

Several factors likely contributed to the successful outcome:

• Susceptibility of the infecting bacteria to doxycycline, as determined by the culture and sensitivity panel
• Doxycycline’s ability to achieve high concentrations in the urine
• The broad-spectrum activity of doxycycline, which covered both E. coli and K. pneumoniae
• The oral formulation, which allowed for convenient outpatient treatment

This case underscores the potential of doxycycline as an alternative treatment option for complicated UTIs, especially when faced with multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Preventing Antibiotic Resistance in UTI Treatment

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a significant concern in the treatment of UTIs. Proper use of antibiotics like doxycycline can help prevent the development and spread of resistance.

How can antibiotic resistance be minimized in UTI treatment?

To reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance, consider the following strategies:

1. Use antibiotics only when necessary and prescribed by a healthcare professional
2. Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve
3. Do not share antibiotics or use leftover antibiotics from previous infections
4. Practice good hygiene to prevent UTIs and reduce the need for antibiotics
5. Consider alternative treatments for uncomplicated UTIs when appropriate

What role does antibiotic stewardship play in UTI management?

Antibiotic stewardship programs play a crucial role in managing UTIs and preventing resistance. These programs aim to optimize antibiotic use through various strategies:

• Promoting appropriate antibiotic selection based on local resistance patterns
• Encouraging the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible
• Implementing guidelines for proper duration of antibiotic therapy
• Educating healthcare providers and patients about responsible antibiotic use
• Monitoring antibiotic prescribing practices and resistance trends

By implementing these strategies, healthcare systems can help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics like doxycycline for future use in treating UTIs and other infections.

Alternative Treatments and Future Directions in UTI Management

While doxycycline monohydrate has shown promise in treating complicated UTIs, it’s essential to consider alternative treatments and ongoing research in this field. As antibiotic resistance continues to pose challenges, new approaches to UTI management are being explored.

What are some alternative treatments for UTIs?

In addition to traditional antibiotic therapy, several alternative approaches are being investigated for UTI treatment and prevention:

• Probiotics: Beneficial bacteria that may help prevent recurrent UTIs
• Cranberry products: May reduce the adherence of bacteria to urinary tract walls
• D-mannose: A sugar that can interfere with bacterial attachment in the urinary tract
• Immunostimulants: Substances that boost the immune system’s ability to fight infections
• Bacteriophage therapy: Using viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria

While some of these alternatives show promise, more research is needed to establish their efficacy and safety in treating UTIs.

What future developments can we expect in UTI treatment?

Ongoing research in UTI management is focusing on several areas:

1. Development of new antibiotics effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens
2. Exploration of combination therapies to enhance antibiotic effectiveness
3. Investigation of novel drug delivery methods to improve antibiotic efficacy in the urinary tract
4. Advancement of rapid diagnostic techniques to guide more targeted antibiotic therapy
5. Research into bacterial biofilms and strategies to disrupt them in chronic UTIs

These developments may lead to more effective and personalized approaches to UTI treatment in the future, potentially reducing reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics like doxycycline.

Patient Education and Self-Care in UTI Management

Effective management of UTIs goes beyond antibiotic treatment. Patient education and self-care practices play crucial roles in preventing recurrent infections and ensuring successful treatment outcomes.

How can patients prevent recurrent UTIs?

Patients can take several steps to reduce their risk of developing recurrent UTIs:

• Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Urinate frequently and completely, especially after sexual activity
• Practice good hygiene, wiping from front to back after using the bathroom
• Avoid using irritating feminine products in the genital area
• Consider using probiotics or cranberry products as preventive measures
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothing

What should patients know about self-care during doxycycline treatment?

When taking doxycycline for a UTI, patients should be aware of the following self-care measures:

1. Take the medication as prescribed, at regular intervals
2. Stay hydrated to help flush bacteria from the urinary system
3. Use over-the-counter pain relievers if needed for discomfort
4. Avoid alcohol and excessive sun exposure during treatment
5. Report any severe side effects or lack of improvement to a healthcare provider
6. Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve before finishing

By following these self-care practices, patients can support the effectiveness of doxycycline treatment and promote faster recovery from UTIs.

Successful Doxycycline Therapy in a Patient With Escherichia coli and Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Urinary Tract Infection

Case Reports

. 2017 Aug;30(4):464-467.

doi: 10.1177/0897190016642362.

Epub 2016 Apr 12.

Cassandra R White 
^1
 
2
, Tomasz Z Jodlowski 
²
, Dylan T Atkins 
¹
, Nicole G Holland 
¹

Affiliations

Affiliations

• ¹ 1 Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, ME, USA.
• ² 2 VA Maine Healthcare System, Augusta, ME, USA.

• PMID:

  27071978

• DOI:

  10. 1177/0897190016642362

Case Reports

Cassandra R White et al.

J Pharm Pract.

2017 Aug.

. 2017 Aug;30(4):464-467.

doi: 10.1177/0897190016642362.

Epub 2016 Apr 12.

Authors

Cassandra R White 
^1
 
2
, Tomasz Z Jodlowski 
²
, Dylan T Atkins 
¹
, Nicole G Holland 
¹

Affiliations

• ¹ 1 Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, ME, USA.
• ² 2 VA Maine Healthcare System, Augusta, ME, USA.

• PMID:

  27071978

• DOI:

  10.1177/0897190016642362

Abstract

Objective:

To report on a patient with a symptomatic, polymicrobial Escherichia coli and multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract infection (UTI) who was successfully treated with oral doxycycline hyclate.

Case summary:

A 70-year-old white male inpatient with a history of recurrent UTI, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and diverticular disease was diagnosed with UTI and empirically treated with oral ciprofloxacin. Symptoms persisted 2 days later, and the patient was transitioned to amoxicillin/clavulanate by a different provider. The next day, upon receipt of the urine culture and susceptibility panel revealing E coli and MDR, ESBL-positive K pneumoniae infection, treatment was switched to doxycycline hyclate, which resulted in clinical improvement.

Discussion:

Complicated UTI involving multiple pathogens requires careful clinical judgment to select the appropriate antimicrobial agent, improve clinical outcomes, and prevent resistance. Treatment with doxycycline was based on the susceptibility panel and local resistance patterns. Advantages of doxycycline for UTI include its oral formulation, wide spectrum of activity, ability to achieve high concentration in the urine, and low toxicity.

Conclusion:

Doxycycline hyclate may be an effective treatment option for patients with susceptible MDR UTI.

Keywords:

bacterial resistance; doxycycline; infectious disease; urology.

Similar articles

• Antimicrobial susceptibilities of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in health care-associated urinary tract infection: focus on susceptibility to fosfomycin.

  Cho YH, Jung SI, Chung HS, Yu HS, Hwang EC, Kim SO, Kang TW, Kwon DD, Park K.

  Cho YH, et al.
  Int Urol Nephrol. 2015 Jul;47(7):1059-66. doi: 10.1007/s11255-015-1018-9. Epub 2015 May 31.
  Int Urol Nephrol. 2015.

  PMID: 26026972

• Efficacy of pivmecillinam for treatment of lower urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

  Titelman E, Iversen A, Kalin M, Giske CG.

  Titelman E, et al.
  Microb Drug Resist. 2012 Apr;18(2):189-92. doi: 10. 1089/mdr.2011.0161. Epub 2011 Dec 28.
  Microb Drug Resist. 2012.

  PMID: 22204597

  Clinical Trial.

• CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Valledupar, Colombia.

  Martinez P, Garzón D, Mattar S.

  Martinez P, et al.
  Braz J Infect Dis. 2012 Sep-Oct;16(5):420-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.05.001. Epub 2012 Sep 8.
  Braz J Infect Dis. 2012.

  PMID: 22964287

• Multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections: a review.

  Mazzariol A, Bazaj A, Cornaglia G.

  Mazzariol A, et al.
  J Chemother. 2017 Dec;29(sup1):2-9. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2017.1380395.
  J Chemother. 2017.

  PMID: 29271736

  Review.

• Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: critical tools for antibiotic resistance pattern.

  Padmini N, Ajilda AAK, Sivakumar N, Selvakumar G.

  Padmini N, et al.
  J Basic Microbiol. 2017 Jun;57(6):460-470. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201700008. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
  J Basic Microbiol. 2017.

  PMID: 28397262

  Review.

See all similar articles

Cited by

• Comparison of ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and doxycycline on Klebsiella pneumoniae: Time-kill curve analysis.

  Setiawan A, Widodo ADW, Endraswari PD.

  Setiawan A, et al.
  Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Nov 5;84:104841. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104841. eCollection 2022 Dec.
  Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022.

  PMID: 36536710
  Free PMC article.

• Effectiveness of oral antibiotics for treating pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: A case series.

  Terada N, Itoh N, Kurai H.

  Terada N, et al.
  J Gen Fam Med. 2020 Apr 10;21(4):127-133. doi: 10.1002/jgf2.320. eCollection 2020 Jul.
  J Gen Fam Med. 2020.

  PMID: 32742901
  Free PMC article.

• Use of ceragenins as a potential treatment for urinary tract infections.

  Wnorowska U, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Fiedoruk K, Savage PB, Bucki R.

  Wnorowska U, et al.
  BMC Infect Dis. 2019 May 2;19(1):369. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3994-3.
  BMC Infect Dis. 2019.

  PMID: 31046689
  Free PMC article.

• Pathogen Identification Direct From Polymicrobial Specimens Using Membrane Glycolipids.

  Fondrie WE, Liang T, Oyler BL, Leung LM, Ernst RK, Strickland DK, Goodlett DR.

  Fondrie WE, et al.
  Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 26;8(1):15857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33681-8.
  Sci Rep. 2018.

  PMID: 30367087
  Free PMC article.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

How and when to take doxycycline

Dosage

Dose for infections and skin conditions

Your dose of doxycycline depends on why you are taking it. The usual dose is 100mg to 200mg, taken once or twice a day.

You might take a lower dose, such as 40mg once a day or 20mg twice a day, for rosacea or gum infections.

Children younger than 12 years old may need to take a lower dose than adults. The dose depends on your child’s age and weight. If you’re taking doxycycline more than once a day, try to space your doses evenly throughout the day.

Dose for malaria

You’ll usually take 100mg once a day in the morning.

Important

Carry on taking doxycycline until you’ve completed the course, even if you feel better. If you stop your treatment early, the infection could come back, or you may no longer be protected against malaria.

How to take it

If you’re taking a lower dose of 40mg of doxycycline a day for rosacea or gum infections, take it at least 1 hour before food.

If you’re taking a higher dose of 100mg or more for other types of infection, you can take it with or without food. But you’re less likely to feel sick if you have it with food.

It’s important to take doxycycline while you’re in an upright position. You can be sitting, standing or walking. This will stop the medicine irritating your food pipe or stomach. Avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after taking doxycycline.

If you take it twice a day, this could be first thing in the morning, and in the evening – before you go to bed. Try to avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after taking doxycycline. This helps to prevent any irritation.

If you’re taking doxycycline for malaria, start your treatment 1 or 2 days before going to an area with malaria. Stop taking it 4 weeks after leaving the area. Check with your doctor or pharmacist that doxycycline is the best medicine to prevent malaria in the country you are travelling to.

How to take capsules or standard tablets

Swallow your doxycycline whole with at least 150ml of water. Not swallowing them with enough water can cause swelling and irritation in your throat (oesophagitis).

How to take dispersible tablets

Dissolve the tablet in a small amount of water. Let the tablet break up fully then swallow the drink.

If you forget to take it

If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s nearly time for your next dose. If that happens, just leave out the dose you missed and take your next dose at the usual time.

Never take 2 doses at the same time. Never take an extra dose to make up for a forgotten one.

If you often forget doses, it may help to set an alarm to remind you. You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to remember to take your medicines.

If you take too much

Taking 1 extra dose of doxycycline is unlikely to harm you. But speak to your pharmacist or doctor if you’re worried, or you have taken more than 1 extra dose.

Page last reviewed: 19 January 2022

Next review due: 19 January 2025

Prescription, Compatibility, Dosage, Side Effects

CONTRAINDICATIONS AVAILABLE. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS. CONSULTATION OF A SPECIALIST IS REQUIRED. 011

• Doxycycline: composition
• Doxycycline: dosage
• Doxycycline: prescription
• Doxycycline: what helps
• Doxycycline and Alcohol:
• Doxycycline Side Effects
• Amoxicillin and Doxycycline What’s the Difference:
• Doxycycline and Tetracycline: What’s the Difference
• Summary
• Ask an Expert About the Article

According to WHO statistics, the total proportion of appointments antibiotics worldwide is approximately 40%. That is, compared to other drugs, these drugs are used much more often. Antibiotics and other antimicrobials play an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals.

Pharmacist Kristina Khokhrina will tell you about one of these drugs – Doxycycline.

Doxycycline: composition

The preparation contains the active substance doxycycline hydrochloride. The medicine is available in the form of capsules. Auxiliary components are used for the production of this form:

• lactose
• starch
• calcium stearate
• quinoline yellow
• titanium dioxide

The drug is also produced in the form of dispersible tablets – Doxycycline EXPRESS and Doxycycline Solution. The active substance of this form is doxycycline monohydrate.

Doxycycline ointment and Doxycycline in ampoules (injections) are not produced.

Doxycycline dosage

Doxycycline is available in a dosage of 100 mg. The drug can only be prescribed by a doctor.

We asked the pharmacist: “How to take Doxycycline?” Christina’s answer:

“The dosage and frequency of administration depends on the diagnosis and weight of the patient. The average daily dose is 200 mg on the first day (divided into 2 doses), then 100 mg per day. The doctor prescribes the dosage depending on the specific disease.

Doxycycline: prescription

Doxycycline is registered as an antibiotic in the Russian Medicines Register (RLS). The drug is released by prescription.

Doxycycline: what helps

The mechanism of action of Doxycycline is based on the fact that the drug penetrating deep into the cell, it acts on the causative agent of the disease.

Active against Streptococcus spp., Treponema spp., Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. (including E. aerugenes), Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia spp. , Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma urealyticum, Listeria monocytogenes, Rickettsia spp., Typhus exanthematicus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Campylobacter fetus, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia spp. (including Yersinia pestis), Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis, Bacillus anthracis, Bartonella bacilliformis, Pasteurella multocida, Borrelia recurrentis, Clostridium spp. (except Clostridium difficile), Actinomyces spp., Fusobacterium fusiforme, Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis, Propionibacterium acnes.

The drug is effective in many diseases.

Doxycycline is used for cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, urogenital infections (ureaplasma).

Also, the drug is prescribed for infections of the ENT organs and infections of the skin and soft tissues. Doxycycline is used for sore throat, pharyngitis, bronchitis and acne (acne).

The medicine is recommended for various diseases – malaria, whooping cough, sepsis, Lyme disease. Doctors prescribe doxycycline for a tick bite.

Doxycycline and alcohol:

Doxycycline tablets and capsules should not be taken together with alcohol, as the toxic effect of the drug on the liver is enhanced.

All products Doxycycline 10 reviews

Doxycycline: side effects

When using the drug, the following side effects are possible:

Disorders:

• Blood and lymphatic system disorders
• From the immune system
• From the side of metabolism and nutrition
• From the side of the nervous system
• Vessel side
• Liver side
• Renal side
• Musculoskeletal and connective tissue
• Ringing in the ears
• Nausea, vomiting
• Stomatitis
• Infectious and parasitic diseases: Candida vaginitis and candidiasis
• Allergic reactions

Amoxicillin and Doxycycline what is the difference:

The drugs have different active ingredients and different mechanism of action.

Doxycycline has a bacteriostatic effect, that is, it temporarily inhibits the ability of microorganisms to reproduce in the body. Amoxicillin, on the other hand, causes their death.

The indications for these drugs are similar. Doxycycline has more side effects, is contraindicated for use in pregnant and lactating women. Amoxicillin can be taken by pregnant women only if the expected effect outweighs the risk to the fetus.

All products Amoxicillin 21 reviews

Doxycycline and Tetracycline: what is the difference

Doxycycline is a synthetic derivative of tetracycline. Due to the fact that doxycycline is produced in the form of two salts in the composition (doxycycline hydrochloride and doxycycline monohydrate), the drug has a higher bioavailability and is better tolerated than tetracycline.

The indications of the drugs are similar, but Doxycycline has a wider spectrum of action.

Both drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy.