Est estrogen methyl testost. Esterified Estrogens And Methyltestosterone: A Comprehensive Guide

19.08.202309.06.2023 by alexxlab

What are esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone. Discover their uses, side effects, interactions, and dosage guidelines. Get the facts now.

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Understanding Esterified Estrogens and Methyltestosterone

Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral is a combination medication used for the short-term treatment of menopausal symptoms. It contains two hormones: a female hormone (estrogen) and a male hormone (methyltestosterone). This medication helps reduce episodes of flushing, sweating, dryness, itching, and burning around the vagina that occur during menopause.

Uses and Benefits

Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral is primarily used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. It can help restore the balance of hormones in the body, leading to a reduction in these uncomfortable symptoms.

Dosage and Administration

This medication is typically taken on a cycle, with one dose per day for 21 days followed by 7 days of no medication. It can be taken with or without food, and it’s important to follow the dosing schedule carefully as directed by your healthcare provider.

Potential Side Effects

Like any medication, Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral can cause side effects. Some common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, breast tenderness, and irregular menstrual bleeding. More serious side effects, such as an increased risk of certain cancers and blood clots, are also possible. It’s important to discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

Interactions and Precautions

Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral may interact with other medications, including certain antidepressants, blood thinners, and seizure medications. It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.

Long-Term Use and Considerations

Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral should be used for the shortest possible length of time at the lowest effective dose. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are recommended to monitor for any potential side effects or changes in your condition.

Key Takeaways

Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral is a combination medication used to treat menopausal symptoms.
It contains a female hormone (estrogen) and a male hormone (methyltestosterone).
The medication is taken on a cycle, with one dose per day for 21 days followed by 7 days of no medication.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, breast tenderness, and irregular menstrual bleeding.
Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral should be used for the shortest possible length of time at the lowest effective dose.
Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are recommended to monitor for potential side effects and changes in your condition.

What is the primary use of Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral?

The primary use of Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral is to alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. It helps restore the balance of hormones in the body, leading to a reduction in these uncomfortable symptoms.

How is Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral typically taken?

Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral is typically taken on a cycle, with one dose per day for 21 days followed by 7 days of no medication. It can be taken with or without food, and it’s important to follow the dosing schedule carefully as directed by your healthcare provider.

What are some potential side effects of Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral?

Some common side effects of Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral include nausea, vomiting, headache, breast tenderness, and irregular menstrual bleeding. More serious side effects, such as an increased risk of certain cancers and blood clots, are also possible.

How long should Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral be used?

What precautions should be taken when using Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral?

Esterified Estrogens-Methyltestosterone Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Warnings:

Estrogens given alone and with another hormone (progestin) for replacement therapy after menopause have sometimes caused rare but very serious side effects. Discuss the risks and benefits of hormone treatment and your personal health history with your doctor.

Estrogens have been reported to increase the chance of cancer of the uterus (endometrial cancer). Taking a progestin with estrogen decreases this risk. Tell your doctor right away if you have any unusual vaginal bleeding.

In postmenopausal women, estrogens, taken with or without a progestin, increase the risk of cancer of the breast/ovaries, stroke, dementia, and serious blood clots. When used along with a progestin, estrogens also increase the risk of heart disease (such as heart attacks). Some of these risks appear to depend on the length of time this drug is used and the amount of estrogen per dose. This medication should be used for the shortest possible length of time at the lowest effective dose, so you can obtain the benefits and reduce the chance of serious side effects from long-term treatment. Discuss the details with your doctor and check with him/her regularly (such as every 3 to 6 months) to see if you still need to take this medication.

Products that contain estrogen should not be used to prevent heart disease or dementia.

If you use this drug for an extended period, you should have a complete physical exam at regular intervals (such as once a year) or as directed by your doctor. See Notes section.

Warnings:

Products that contain estrogen should not be used to prevent heart disease or dementia.

If you use this drug for an extended period, you should have a complete physical exam at regular intervals (such as once a year) or as directed by your doctor. See Notes section.

Uses

This medication is used for the short-term treatment of menopause symptoms. It helps reduce episodes of flushing and sweating of the upper body and face, commonly called hot flashes. It also helps treat dryness, itching, and burning around the vagina. These symptoms occur when a woman’s body no longer produces the usual amount of female hormone (estrogen) at the age when monthly menstrual periods normally stop. This medication is a combination of 2 hormones, a female hormone (estrogen) and a male hormone (methyltestosterone).If you need treatment only for vaginal menopause symptoms, products applied directly inside the vagina should be considered before medications that are taken by mouth, absorbed through the skin, or injected.

How to use ESTROGEN-METHYLTESTOSTERONE

Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you start using this medication and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. This medication is usually taken on a cycle, once a day for 21 days followed by no medication for 7 days. Follow your dosing schedule carefully. This drug should be used for the shortest possible length of time. See also Warning section.

This medication may be taken with or without food. You may take it with food or immediately after a meal to prevent stomach upset.

Take this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Remember to take it at the same time each day as directed. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.

Inform your doctor if your condition does not improve or worsens.

Side Effects

Dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, stomach upset, bloating, nausea, weight changes, increased/decreased interest in sex, or breast tenderness may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: nausea/vomiting that doesn’t stop, mental/mood changes (such as severe depression, memory loss), breast lumps, swelling of hands/feet, unusual vaginal bleeding (such as spotting, breakthrough bleeding, prolonged/recurrent bleeding), unusual vaginal discharge/itching/odor, changes in skin color, yellowing eyes/skin, unusual tiredness, stomach/abdominal pain, dark urine, worsening of seizures.

Women may experience signs of masculinization (male characteristics) from methyltestosterone. To prevent these changes from becoming permanent, stop taking this medication and tell your doctor right away if any of the following occur: hoarseness, deepening of the voice, facial hair growth, new or worsening acne, an enlarged clitoris, menstrual period changes.

This medication may rarely cause serious problems such as heart attacks, stroke, and blood clots. Get medical help right away if you experience any of the following: chest pain, jaw/left arm pain, sudden severe headache, weakness on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking, sudden vision changes (such as double vision, loss of vision), pain/redness/swelling of legs, trouble breathing, coughing up blood, sudden dizziness/fainting.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to methyltestosterone or estrogen; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: vaginal bleeding of unknown cause, certain cancers (such as breast cancer, cancer of the uterus or ovaries), blood clotting disorders (such as protein C or protein S deficiency), current/history of blood clots (such as in the legs, eyes, lungs), liver problems, family medical history (especially breast lumps, cancer, blood clots), family or personal history of a certain swelling disorder (angioedema), asthma, diabetes, seizures, migraine headaches, heart disease (such as high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, heart attack), stroke, kidney disease, underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), a certain hormone problem (hypoparathyroidism), mineral imbalance (low or high calcium blood level), mental/mood disorders (such as dementia, depression), high blood pressure during pregnancy (toxemia), yellowing eyes/skin (cholestatic jaundice) during pregnancy or with past estrogen use, uterus problems (such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis), high blood cholesterol/fat (triglyceride) levels, gallbladder disease, obesity, certain blood disorder (porphyria), lupus.

If you have diabetes, this medication may make it harder to control your blood sugar levels. Monitor your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor the results and of any symptoms such as increased thirst/urination, weakness, or fainting. Your anti-diabetic medication or diet may need to be adjusted.

This drug may make you dizzy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Limit alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).

If you are nearsighted or wear contact lenses, you may develop vision problems or trouble wearing your contact lenses. Contact your eye doctor if these problems occur.

This medication may cause blotchy, dark areas on your face and skin (melasma). Sunlight may worsen this effect. Limit your time in the sun. Avoid tanning booths and sunlamps. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.

Do not smoke cigarettes or use tobacco. Estrogens combined with smoking further increase your risk for stroke, blood clots, high blood pressure, and heart attacks, especially in women older than 35.

If you will be having surgery or will be confined to a chair or bed for a long time (such as on a long plane flight), notify your doctor beforehand. Special precautions may need to be taken in these circumstances (such as stopping this medication) because of the increased risk for blood clots. Consult your doctor for details.

This medication is not meant for use in children.

This medication must not be used during pregnancy. It may harm the unborn baby. If you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant, tell your doctor right away.

This medication is not effective for preventing a miscarriage and should not be used for this purpose.

It is unknown if methyltestosterone passes into breast milk. Estrogen passes into breast milk. This medication may harm a nursing infant. Breast-feeding while using this drug is not recommended. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: anastrozole, “blood thinner” (warfarin), corticosteroids (such as prednisone), exemestane, ospemifene, raloxifene, tamoxifen, tranexamic acid.

Other medications can affect the removal of estrogens from your body, which may affect how this medication works. Examples include azole antifungals (such as itraconazole), macrolide antibiotics (such as erythromycin), rifamycins (such as rifabutin), St. John’s wort, drugs used to treat seizures (such as carbamazepine, phenytoin), among others.

This product can affect the results of certain lab tests. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Does ESTROGEN-METHYLTESTOSTERONE interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe nausea/vomiting, unusual vaginal bleeding.

Do not share this medication with others. Regular complete physical exams which include lab and/or medical tests (such as blood pressure, breast exam/mammogram, pelvic exam, Pap smear) should be done while you are taking this medication. Follow your doctor’s instructions for examining your breasts, and report any lumps right away. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

Lifestyle changes (such as reducing stress, eating a low fat/low salt diet, losing weight if you are overweight) to control or prevent high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes help to prevent heart disease and strokes. Keep your mind active with mental exercises to help prevent dementia. Discuss with your doctor lifestyle changes that might benefit you.

You can also manage hot flashes by keeping a cool body temperature (such as by using a fan, drinking cool beverages, dressing lightly/in layers, avoiding hot/spicy foods). Limiting caffeine and alcohol, exercising regularly, and learning relaxation techniques may help reduce hot flashes. Vaginal lubricants can help lessen discomfort during intercourse.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images

esterified estrogens-methyltestosterone 0.625 mg-1.25 mg tablet

Color: light greenShape: oblongImprint: 1507

This medicine is a light green, oblong, sugar-coated, tablet imprinted with “1507”.

esterified estrogens-methyltestosterone 1.25 mg-2.5 mg tablet

Color: light greenShape: oblongImprint: SYNTHO 231

This medicine is a light green, oblong, sugar-coated, tablet imprinted with “1507”.

esterified estrogens-methyltestosterone 0.625 mg-1.25 mg tablet

Color: light blueShape: oblongImprint: SYNTHO 230

This medicine is a light green, oblong, sugar-coated, tablet imprinted with “1507”.

esterified estrogens-methyltestosterone 1.25 mg-2.5 mg tablet

Color: dark greenShape: oblongImprint: 1490

This medicine is a light green, oblong, sugar-coated, tablet imprinted with “1507”.

Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Estrogens (Esterified) and Methyltestosterone | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Adult Medication

This information from Lexicomp^® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider.

Brand Names: US

Covaryx; Covaryx HS; EEMT; EEMT HS; Est Estrogens-Methyltest DS; Est Estrogens-Methyltest HS

Warning

Estrogens may raise the chance of uterine cancer. Progestins may lower this chance. A warning sign for cancer of the uterus is vaginal bleeding. Report any vaginal bleeding to the doctor.
Do not use estrogens to prevent heart disease or dementia. Using estrogens may raise the chances of having a heart attack, a stroke, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, a blood clot, or dementia.
Use estrogens with or without progestin for the shortest time needed at the lowest useful dose.
This drug may cause harm to the unborn baby if you take it while you are pregnant. If you are pregnant or you get pregnant while taking this drug, call your doctor right away.

What is this drug used for?

It is used to prevent or lower the signs of the change of life (menopause).
It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take this drug?

If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.
If you have had any of these health problems: Bleeding disorder, blood clots, a higher risk of having a blood clot, breast cancer, liver problems or liver tumor, heart attack, stroke, or a tumor where estrogen makes it grow.
If you have unexplained vaginal bleeding.
If you are pregnant or may be pregnant. Do not take this drug if you are pregnant.
If you are breast-feeding. Do not breast-feed while you take this drug.

This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.

Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

What are some things I need to know or do while I take this drug?

Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists.
If you have high blood sugar (diabetes), you will need to watch your blood sugar closely.
High blood pressure has happened with drugs like this one. Have your blood pressure checked as you have been told by your doctor.
Have blood work checked as you have been told by the doctor. Talk with the doctor.
Be sure to have regular breast exams and gynecology check-ups. You will also need to do breast self-exams as you have been told.
This drug may affect certain lab tests. Tell all of your health care providers and lab workers that you take this drug.
Limit your drinking of alcohol.
Avoid cigarette smoking. Smoking raises the chance of heart disease. Talk with your doctor.
If you drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruit often, talk with your doctor.
This drug may raise the chance of blood clots, a stroke, or a heart attack. Talk with the doctor.
Talk with your doctor if you will need to be still for long periods of time like long trips, bedrest after surgery, or illness. Not moving for long periods may raise your chance of blood clots.
This drug may cause high cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Talk with the doctor.
This drug may cause dark patches of skin on your face. Avoid sun, sunlamps, and tanning beds. Use sunscreen and wear clothing and eyewear that protects you from the sun.
High calcium levels have happened with drugs like this one in some people with cancer. Call your doctor right away if you have signs of high calcium levels like weakness, confusion, feeling tired, headache, upset stomach or throwing up, constipation, or bone pain.
If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.

What are some side effects that I need to call my doctor about right away?

WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect:

Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Signs of gallbladder problems like pain in the upper right belly area, right shoulder area, or between the shoulder blades; yellow skin or eyes; fever with chills; bloating; or very upset stomach or throwing up.
Signs of high blood pressure like very bad headache or dizziness, passing out, or change in eyesight.
Signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.
Weakness on 1 side of the body, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred eyesight.
Dizziness or passing out.
Eyesight changes or loss, bulging eyes, or change in how contact lenses feel.
A lump in the breast, breast pain or soreness, or nipple discharge.
Vaginal itching or discharge.
Vaginal bleeding that is not normal.
Depression or other mood changes.
Memory problems or loss.
For females, a deep voice, facial hair, pimples, or period changes.
Enlarged clitoris.
This drug may cause you to swell or keep fluid in your body. Tell your doctor if you have swelling, weight gain, or trouble breathing.
Call your doctor right away if you have signs of a blood clot like chest pain or pressure; coughing up blood; shortness of breath; swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm; or trouble speaking or swallowing.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away:

Headache.
Upset stomach or throwing up.
Stomach cramps.
Bloating.
Hair loss.
Tender breasts.
Enlarged breasts.
Vaginal bleeding or spotting.
Change in sex interest.
Weight gain or loss.

These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to your national health agency.

You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

How is this drug best taken?

Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.

Take this drug at the same time of day.
There may be days when you will not take this drug.
Take with or without food. Take with food if it causes an upset stomach.

What do I do if I miss a dose?

Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.
If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.
Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

How do I store and/or throw out this drug?

Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.
Store this drug in a safe place where children cannot see or reach it, and where other people cannot get to it. A locked box or area may help keep this drug safe. Keep all drugs away from pets.
Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

General drug facts

If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor.
Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else’s drugs.
Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer

This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider’s examination and assessment of a patient’s specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Last Reviewed Date

2020-03-03

Copyright

Last Updated

Monday, December 12, 2022

Hormones estrogens and progestins – take tests in Moscow in Invitro

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    - Study of soil quality
  - Diagnosis of liver pathology without biopsy: FibroMax, FibroT eats, SteatoScreen
    - Calculated tests performed according to the results of SteatoScreen without blood sampling
  - Dysbiotic conditions of the intestine and urogenital tract
    - General assessment of the natural microflora of the body
    - Study of the microbiocenosis of the urogenital tract
    - Femoflor: profiles of studies of dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital tract in women
    - Specific assessment of the natural microflora of the body
  - Form of study results in English tongue
- - blood
  - Urine
  - Feces
  - Spermogram
  - Gastropanel
- - Endoscopy
  - Functional diagnostics
  - Ultrasound
- - Examinations we do not do
  - New tests
  - Getting results
  - Additional examinations
  - Consultant physician service
  - Professional item
    - Venous blood for analysis
    - Tumor markers. View of a practical oncologist. Laboratory justifications.
    - Testosterone: diagnostic threshold, method-dependent reference values
    - Laboratory assessment of lipid parameters in INVITRO
    - Lipid profile: fasting or not fasting
The cost of analyzes is indicated without taking biomaterial
Sex hormones
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
- Prolactin
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- Free B-hCG
- Estradiol
- Androstenedione
Reproductive function in both sexes is completely controlled and regulated by hormones. The main sex hormones are divided into two classes – estrogens (female) and androgens (male). Both men and women have both types of hormones, but in completely different amounts. So, for example, the daily production of the male hormone testosterone in men is 20-30 times greater than in most women. In turn, the female sex hormone estradiol is also found in small amounts in men. In women, in addition to the two main classes of hormones, there is another class: gestagens, the main representative of this class is progesterone. In men, sex hormones are formed in the tissue of the testicles, in women they are synthesized by the ovaries, in addition, regardless of gender, a small amount of hormones is produced in the adrenal cortex. It is believed that estrogens are more responsible for memory, and androgens are responsible for cognitive functions, mood, and sexual desire. Excess and, conversely, deficiency of hormones equally adversely affect health. So, deficiency and excess of testosterone prevent the maturation of the egg.
Progesterone – The main function is to prepare a woman’s body for pregnancy. It is necessary to maintain pregnancy and tone the smooth muscles of the uterus. Prevents excessive growth of the uterine mucosa and affects the tissue of the mammary glands (stimulates the growth and development of the glandular tissue of the mammary glands, helps prepare them for lactation).
Each month, estrogen causes the inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium, to grow and renew itself, while luteinizing hormone (LH) releases an egg in one of the ovaries. In place of the released egg, the so-called corpus luteum is formed, which produces progesterone. Progesterone, along with a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, stops the growth of the endometrium and prepares the uterus for the eventual implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum disappears, progesterone levels fall and menstrual bleeding occurs. If the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus, the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone. After a few weeks, the placenta takes over the function of the corpus luteum to produce progesterone, being the main source of this hormone during pregnancy.
The test is used to identify causes of infertility, diagnose ectopic or pathological pregnancies, monitor the condition of the fetus and placenta during pregnancy, and determine if the patient has ovulated.
Testosterone is the main male sex hormone responsible for the formation of secondary sexual characteristics and sexual function. Its synthesis is stimulated and controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) produced by the pituitary gland. Testosterone levels fluctuate significantly throughout the day, reaching their peak between 4 and 8 am, and the minimum occurs in the evening hours (between 4 and 8 pm).
In addition, its concentration increases after exercise and decreases with age. In especially large quantities, it is produced in adolescents during puberty. In men, testosterone is synthesized by the testicles and adrenal glands, and in women, by the adrenal glands and, to a small extent, by the ovaries .
Testosterone promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as penis enlargement, body hair growth, muscle development and a deep voice. In adult males, it regulates sexual instincts and the maintenance of muscle mass. Testosterone is also present in a woman’s body, although at a lower concentration. Libido (sexual desire), the ability to orgasm, insulin levels, a slim figure, the development of muscle mass, and bone tissue depend on it. Testosterone is responsible for the activity and tolerance of emotional stress. In postmenopause, when estrogens and gestagens disappear, it is testosterone that will maintain bone density, the cardiovascular system for some time and help to endure menopausal syndrome more easily.
The analysis is prescribed for male and female infertility or reduced sexual desire, delayed or premature puberty in boys and erectile dysfunction in men, diseases of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testicular tumors.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland responsible for the smooth operation of the entire gonadal system, as well as for the production of male and female sex hormones – progesterone and testosterone. In women, LH acts on the cells of the ovary membrane and the corpus luteum, stimulates ovulation and activates the synthesis of estrogens and progesterone in ovarian cells, in men – on testicular cells, activating testosterone synthesis in them, due to which, in particular, maturation occurs spermatozoa .
The analysis is carried out to diagnose infertility and assess the functional state of the reproductive system.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) regulates the production of sex hormones, but is not itself such, since it is produced not by the gonads, but by the pituitary gland. In the body, FSH regulates the activity of sex glands : promotes the formation and maturation of germ cells ( eggs and spermatozoa ), affects the synthesis of female sex hormones ( estrogen ).
In women FSH affects the formation of follicles . Reaching the maximum level of FSH leads to ovulation . In men FSH stimulates the growth of seminiferous tubules , increases the level of testosterone in the blood, thereby ensuring the process of maturation of spermatozoa and libido . In men FSH stimulates the growth of seminiferous tubules , increases the level of testosterone in the blood, thereby ensuring the process of maturation of spermatozoa and libido .
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are used to evaluate pituitary function, reproductive function (both women and men), and puberty disorders in children and adolescents. The analysis is prescribed to determine the causes of menstrual irregularities of various origins, diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, differential diagnosis of central and peripheral forms of diseases of the female reproductive system, monitoring the effectiveness of hormone therapy.
Prolactin is one of the hormones synthesized by the pituitary gland – a gland that controls metabolism, as well as the processes of growth and development of the body. Prolactin is necessary for the normal development of the mammary glands and ensuring lactation – it increases the production of colostrum, promotes its maturation and transformation into mature milk. It also stimulates the growth and development of the mammary glands, an increase in the number of lobules and ducts in them. It also controls the secretion of progesterone and inhibits the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FLH), ensuring a normal menstrual cycle, inhibiting ovulation and the onset of a new pregnancy. Normally, this physiological mechanism prevents the next child from becoming pregnant while the previous one is breastfeeding, and may prevent menstruation during the nursing period. In the blood of men and non-pregnant women, prolactin is usually present in small amounts. In everyday life, prolactin rises during sleep, exercise and sexual intercourse. But in men, an excessive increase in its level can disrupt sexual function by inhibiting the maturation of sperm in the testicles and causing infertility.
The test is used to diagnose infertility and sexual dysfunction, study the function of the pituitary gland, find out the cause of galactorrhea (excretion of milk or colostrum without regard to the process of feeding the child), headaches and visual impairment.
Human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) is a hormone that is produced in the fetal membrane of the human embryo. HCG is an important indicator of the development of pregnancy and its deviations. It is produced by the cells of the chorion (the shell of the embryo) immediately after it is attached to the wall of the uterus (this happens only a few days after fertilization). The embryo at this stage of pregnancy is a microscopic vial filled with liquid, the walls of which consist of rapidly multiplying cells. From one part of these cells, the unborn child (embryoblast) develops, while from the cells outside the embryo, a trophoblast is formed – that part of the fetal egg, with which it is attached to the wall of the uterus. Later, the chorion is formed from the trophoblast.
Chorion performs the function of nourishing the embryo, being an intermediary between the body of mother and child. In addition, it produces chorionic gonadotropin, which, on the one hand, affects the formation of the child, on the other hand, it specifically affects the mother’s body, ensuring a successful pregnancy. The appearance of this hormone in the body of a future mother at the initial stage of pregnancy explains the importance of the test for early diagnosis of pregnancy.
Chorionic gonadotropin stimulates the secretory function of the corpus luteum of the ovaries, which should produce the hormone progesterone, which maintains the normal state of the inner lining of the uterine wall – the endometrium. The endometrium provides reliable attachment of the fetal egg to the mother’s body and its nutrition with all the necessary substances. Due to a sufficient amount of human chorionic gonadotropin, the corpus luteum, which normally exists for only about 2 weeks during each menstrual cycle, does not undergo resorption upon successful conception and remains functionally active throughout the entire period of pregnancy. Moreover, it is in pregnant women under the influence of chorionic gonadotropin that it produces very large amounts of progesterone. In addition, hCG stimulates the production of estrogens and weak androgens by ovarian cells and promotes the development of the functional activity of the chorion itself, and later the placenta, which is formed as a result of the maturation and growth of the chorionic tissue, improving its own nutrition and increasing the number of chorionic villi.
Thus, the role of human chorionic gonadotropin lies in the specific and multifaceted effect on the body of a woman and fetus in order to ensure a successful pregnancy.
Based on the analysis of chorionic gonadotropin, the presence of chorionic tissue in the body of a woman is determined, and hence pregnancy. The analysis is used, among other things, for the diagnosis of multiple, ectopic and non-developing pregnancies, the detection of fetal developmental delays, the threat of spontaneous abortion, placental insufficiency. May be prescribed as part of a comprehensive examination to identify fetal malformations, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of artificial abortion.
Free B-hCG – Beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin – one of the components of the specific hormone molecule – chorionic gonadotropin, formed in the shell of the human embryo. In the absence of pregnancy, the test result for beta-hCG will be negative. The detection of beta-hCG suggests that at least 5-6 days have passed since fertilization.
The analysis is carried out for the purpose of early diagnosis of pregnancy (3-5 days delay in menstruation), detection of its complications and diagnosis of diseases associated with impaired hCG secretion.
Estradiol is perhaps the main and one of the most active female sex hormones of the estrogen group. It refers to typical female hormones, since, in the female body in a significant amount, it is produced by the ovaries, realizing a large number of physiological functions. In men, estradiol is also produced, but in very small quantities, and has rather auxiliary functions.
In the female body, estradiol plays an extremely important role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the functioning of the entire reproductive system. In childhood and puberty, the hormone is responsible for the growth and development of all organs related to the reproductive sphere. Under its influence, cyclic changes occur in the tissues of the genital organs, as well as the formation of secondary female sexual characteristics (growth of the mammary glands, pubic and armpit hair, etc.). In adult women, estradiol stimulates the first phase of the menstrual cycle, causes growth and proliferation (active cell division) of the endometrium, thus preparing it for the introduction of the ovum and the onset of pregnancy. During pregnancy, estradiol increases metabolism in all body tissues. As the pregnancy progresses, it begins to be produced by the placenta in greater and greater quantities, thus providing. increased needs for metabolic rate and blood flow in women. In the male body, estradiol is involved in the formation of sperm, i.e. needed for conception. But, nevertheless, for men, his role is not as significant as for women.
Determination of the level of estradiol in women of childbearing age is carried out in the diagnosis of a large number of diseases and conditions, such as infertility, menstrual irregularities, lack of ovulation, polycystic and ovarian tumors, etc., as well as to assess the functions of the placenta in early pregnancy and monitoring with in vitro fertilization. Used in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. In men, the analysis is carried out with low sperm quality and infertility, diseases of the adrenal glands and liver.
Androstenedione is the main steroid hormone, it is an intermediate product and the basis for the formation of testosterone and estrone.