What is the difference between a fracture and a broken bone. How are various types of bone injuries classified. What treatment options are available for different fractures. How do medical professionals diagnose and manage bone injuries.

The Truth About Fractured vs Broken Bones

Many people wonder about the distinction between a fractured arm and a broken arm. The truth is, there is no difference – a fracture and a break refer to the same injury. A fracture occurs when a bone experiences force beyond its capacity to withstand, resulting in a structural disruption. This can manifest in various ways, from tiny cracks to complete separations.

Understanding the terminology around bone injuries can help patients better comprehend their diagnosis and treatment options. Let’s explore the different types of fractures and how medical professionals approach their management.

Common Types of Bone Fractures Explained

Bone fractures come in several varieties, each with unique characteristics and treatment requirements. Here are some of the most frequently encountered types:

• Closed fractures: The bone breaks without piercing the skin
• Open (compound) fractures: The broken bone penetrates the skin
• Displaced fractures: The bone fragments move out of alignment
• Non-displaced fractures: The bone breaks but remains aligned
• Transverse fractures: The break occurs horizontally across the bone
• Oblique fractures: The break has a diagonal or angled pattern
• Comminuted fractures: The bone shatters into three or more pieces
• Greenstick fractures: The bone bends and cracks without fully breaking (common in children)

Understanding these classifications helps medical professionals determine the most appropriate treatment approach for each patient’s unique situation.

Diagnosing Bone Fractures: From Symptoms to Imaging

How do doctors diagnose a bone fracture? The process typically begins with a physical examination and assessment of symptoms. Common signs of a fracture include:

• Pain and swelling around the injured area
• Difficulty moving or using the affected limb
• Visible deformity or misalignment
• Bruising or discoloration
• A grinding or grating sensation when moving the injured area

While these symptoms can indicate a fracture, definitive diagnosis often requires imaging studies. X-rays are the most common tool for visualizing bone injuries, but in some cases, additional techniques may be employed:

• CT (Computed Tomography) scans: Provide detailed 3D images of complex fractures
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Useful for detecting subtle fractures or associated soft tissue injuries
• Bone scans: Can reveal fractures that may not be visible on standard X-rays

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining the most effective treatment plan and ensuring proper healing.

Treatment Approaches for Different Types of Fractures

The treatment of bone fractures varies depending on the type, location, and severity of the injury. Here are some common approaches:

Immobilization

Many fractures can be treated by keeping the affected bone or joint immobilized while it heals. This may involve:

• Casts: Rigid external supports that hold the bone in place
• Splints: Partial casts that allow for some movement and swelling
• Braces: Supportive devices that limit motion while allowing some flexibility

Closed Reduction

For displaced fractures, a closed reduction procedure may be necessary. This involves manipulating the bone fragments back into proper alignment without making an incision. Once aligned, a cast is typically applied to maintain the correct position during healing.

Surgical Interventions

More complex fractures may require surgical treatment. Options include:

• Percutaneous pinning: Pins are inserted through the skin to hold bone fragments in place
• Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF): An incision is made to access the fracture site, and the bone is realigned using screws, plates, or rods
• External fixation: Pins or wires are inserted into the bone and connected to an external frame to stabilize the fracture

The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the patient’s age, overall health, and the specific characteristics of the fracture.

The Healing Process: What to Expect After a Bone Fracture

Understanding the healing process can help patients manage their expectations and comply with treatment recommendations. The typical stages of bone healing include:

1. Inflammation: Immediately after the injury, the body initiates an inflammatory response to protect the area and begin the healing process
2. Soft callus formation: New tissue forms around the fracture site, creating a bridge between the broken bone ends
3. Hard callus formation: The soft callus is gradually replaced by harder, more organized bone tissue
4. Bone remodeling: Over time, the new bone is reshaped and strengthened to restore its original structure and function

The duration of healing varies depending on the fracture’s severity, the patient’s age, and overall health. Most fractures heal within 6-8 weeks, but complete recovery can take several months.

Complications and Risk Factors in Bone Fracture Recovery

While most fractures heal without incident, complications can occur. Being aware of potential issues can help patients seek timely medical attention if needed. Some possible complications include:

• Delayed union: The fracture takes longer than expected to heal
• Nonunion: The fracture fails to heal completely
• Malunion: The bone heals in an incorrect position
• Infection: More common in open fractures or after surgical intervention
• Compartment syndrome: Swelling within a muscle compartment that can compromise blood flow
• Avascular necrosis: Loss of blood supply to the bone, leading to tissue death

Certain factors can increase the risk of complications or slow the healing process:

• Advanced age
• Smoking
• Poor nutrition
• Diabetes
• Osteoporosis
• Certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids)

Patients should discuss their individual risk factors with their healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive treatment and recovery plan.

Rehabilitation and Recovery: Restoring Function After a Fracture

Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in recovering from a bone fracture. The goals of rehabilitation include:

• Restoring range of motion
• Rebuilding muscle strength
• Improving flexibility
• Enhancing coordination and balance
• Preventing complications such as joint stiffness or muscle atrophy

A typical rehabilitation program may involve:

1. Physical therapy exercises tailored to the specific fracture and affected body part
2. Occupational therapy to help patients regain independence in daily activities
3. Pain management techniques
4. Gradual return to normal activities and sports

The duration and intensity of rehabilitation vary depending on the fracture’s severity and the patient’s individual needs. Adherence to the rehabilitation program is essential for optimal recovery and prevention of future injuries.

Preventing Bone Fractures: Strategies for Maintaining Skeletal Health

While not all fractures are preventable, certain strategies can help reduce the risk of bone injuries:

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to support bone health
• Engage in regular weight-bearing and resistance exercises to strengthen bones and muscles
• Practice good posture and body mechanics to reduce stress on bones and joints
• Use appropriate safety equipment during sports and physical activities
• Create a safe home environment by removing tripping hazards and ensuring adequate lighting
• Undergo regular bone density screenings, especially for individuals at higher risk of osteoporosis
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, which can negatively impact bone health

By implementing these preventive measures, individuals can help maintain strong, healthy bones and reduce their risk of fractures throughout their lifetime.

Understanding the nature of bone fractures, their treatment options, and the recovery process empowers patients to actively participate in their care and make informed decisions about their health. Whether dealing with a simple hairline fracture or a complex compound break, proper medical attention and adherence to treatment guidelines are essential for optimal healing and restoration of function.

What Is the Difference Between a Fracture and a Broken Bone? By Jesse Morse-Brady, FNP-BC

A Fracture = A Broken Bone

The quick answer to this question is that they are the same! A “fracture” refers to a “break” in the bone, which can take many forms. There are numerous different types of fractures, with various different treatments. Some bone injuries are able to heal on their own, some require casting or splinting, and some even require surgery.

Common Types of Fractures

Closed vs. Open Fractures: A “closed fracture” is one in which the bone has broken but has not penetrated the skin.  An “open fracture” involves a portion of the broken bone being exposed outside of the skin.  Open fractures are much less common than closed fractures, and often involve surgical treatment to realign the broken pieces of bone and clean the wound to reduce the risk of infection.

Displaced vs. Non-Displaced Fractures: A “displaced fracture” is one in which the bone has broken and the pieces of bone have moved in relation to one another.  This may require treatment to realign the broken pieces, based upon how much movement has occurred.  A “non-displaced fracture” is one in which the bone has broken, but the pieces have not moved.  Many people may have heard of this referred to as a “hairline fracture.”  Non-displaced fractures can often be treated by keeping the affected area immobilized with a splint or brace, but sometimes require further treatment.

Types of Fracture Treatment

Immobilization: Many fractures are able to be treated by keeping the affected bone or joint still with a brace, splint, or cast while the bone heals.

Closed Reduction: If the broken pieces of bone have moved in a way that is not conducive to healing, they can sometimes be put back into place with a “closed reduction” procedure.   This involves manipulating the broken pieces of bone back into proper alignment, and usually applying a cast to keep the fracture properly “lined up.”

Percutaneous Pinning: Some fractures cause bone pieces to move into configurations that cannot easily stay in place if they are lined up.  If this should occur, a surgeon may recommend “pinning” them back into place using surgical instruments.  A pinning procedure utilizes pins that are placed through the skin to secure the bone fragments in place. The pins are removed once the fracture has healed.

Open Reduction with Internal Fixation: For fractures in which the bone pieces have moved significantly, surgery is sometimes required.  When this occurs, an incision is made in the skin near the fracture site, and the pieces are placed back together before being “fixed” in place with screws, surgical plates, or other materials.

If You or Someone You Know Has a Fracture

Fremont Orthopaedics is here to help patients through the course of fracture care, from the time of injury until the fracture is healed.   For any additional questions or to schedule an appointment with one of our providers, call (307) 332-9720.

This document contains general guidelines and is not a substitute to your provider’s instructions or an alternative to seeking appropriate medical care or follow-up appointments. For questions or concerns, seek professional medical attention. For medical emergencies, call 911.

Bone Break vs. Fracture | Sports-health

It may come as a surprise, but a broken bone and a fractured bone are the same thing. A fracture occurs when an outside force is too great for a bone to handle. Although generally rigid, bones can weaken over time and become more susceptible to fracturing.

Fractures may occur lengthwise, crosswise, or in multiple pieces. Similarly, the underlying causes of bone breaks varies.

This page will describe different types of fractures, how they occur, and how they are treated.

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Different Types of Bone Fractures

Fractures are classified by how the bone breaks. The most common fractures are:

The most common fractures are illustrated here along the femur. Fractures may occur lengthwise, crosswise and sometimes in multiple pieces.

• Compound (open) fracture. The bone may pierce the skin at the time of the fracture.
• Transverse fracture. When the bone breaks in a horizontal line.
• Oblique fracture. When the bone has a diagonal or angled break.
• Comminuted fracture. This means the bone has been shattered into 3 or more pieces.
• Greenstick fracture. When the bone bends and cracks but does not fully break. This is commonly seen in children because their bones are softer and more flexible than adults.

A fracture may be further classified by whether or not the broken pieces of bone are aligned:

• Non-displaced fracture. When the broken parts of the bone are aligned.
• Displaced fracture. When the broken parts of the bone are not aligned.

In addition, a fracture may be labeled stable or unstable. These clinical terms refer to whether the bone pieces can be easily disturbed and moved out of place. When a fracture is labeled unstable, it means that the two pieces of bone that are broken will not be able to withstand normal weight-bearing or natural physiologic forces.

The type and severity of a fracture will influence the treatment plan.

In This Article:

• Bone Break vs. Fracture

• Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment for Bone Fractures

What Causes a Bone Fracture?

A bone fracture typically occurs for one of 3 reasons.

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A fracture can occur for more than one reason (for example, weakened bone and outside force).

Dr. Emmanuel Konstantakos is an orthopedic surgeon with MercyHealth Orthopedic Specialists, where he specializes in sports medicine, arthroscopic surgery, and general orthopedics. Dr. Konstantakos has authored numerous research articles published in academic journals.

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What to do if you break your arm? – useful articles from specialists

Neither adults nor children are immune from bruises, abrasions, dislocations and even fractures. The causes of injury can be excessive physical exertion, an accidental fall, a blow with a heavy object, an accident, and so on. If trouble has happened to you or your loved ones, there is a suspicion of a fracture, the first step is to determine the severity of the injury. You can’t do without the help of the medical staff. Any self-diagnosis is fraught with serious consequences.

Depending on the type of damage to the hand, there are two types of fracture:

• Open – there is a rupture of tissues, skin, there is bleeding.
• Closed – no bleeding, the skin remains intact.

When the integrity of one bone is broken, we are dealing with an isolated fracture. If there is a fracture of several bones, then we are talking about a multiple fracture.

Depending on the complexity of the injury, the absence or presence of displacement, the signs of a fracture of the hand may vary significantly. However, the presence of a fracture can be determined by specific signs.

Among its main clinical manifestations are:

• severe pain;
• hemorrhage;
• swelling, edema at the site of injury;
• crunching of bone fragments;
• deformation of the injured area;
• excessive mobility of the injured part of the arm or inability to move it;
• fever;
• pale skin;
• nausea, dizziness;
• coldness of the extremity.

If you have the above symptoms, be sure to call an ambulance or go to the nearest emergency room. An x-ray will help clarify the diagnosis. Having studied the picture, the doctor will be able to determine the nature of the injury, the presence of bone fragments, the integrity of the joint.

What should I do if I break my arm?

When an injury is accompanied by bleeding, first aid is needed on the spot. Any delay can lead to terrible results. Therefore, first of all, you should stop the bleeding, and then deal with the fracture. How to do it? Wash the wound with hydrogen peroxide, apply a gauze bandage to the damaged surface. In the presence of severe bleeding, it is imperative to apply a tourniquet (in winter for half an hour, in summer for 2 hours). Important to know: if the blood is brightly colored and flows out intensively, you are dealing with an injury to the arterial vessels. The tourniquet must be applied above the fracture. In the event that the blood is thick and dark, you have a vein injury. A tourniquet is applied below the injured area.

If there is a suspicion of a dislocation, in no case should you try to set it yourself. Such work can only be entrusted to an experienced doctor.

If you decide to transport the victim to the nearest hospital, be sure to follow the rules for transporting a broken limb. We are talking about the correct fixation of the hand, with the help of sticks, fabric, cardboard – everything that can play the role of a tire.

Don’t forget to remove bracelets and rings from your arm, because jewelry interferes with natural circulation, and after swelling of the limbs, they will have to be removed using special tools.

Never do this if someone has a broken arm:

• Do not try to return the injured limb to its normal position.
• Do not transport an injured person without securing the injured arm.
• Do not try to get painkillers to drink or ointments to be applied to the bruised area. A sedative can be given when the victim is in a state of stress, shock.
• Do not splint unless you have an idea of ​​how to do it correctly. Better call an ambulance.
• Don’t be idle! Even in the presence of a slight swelling of the tissues, an x-ray should be taken and a full consultation with a traumatologist should be obtained.

Violating such prohibitions, you run the risk of significantly worsening the condition of the victim.

And most importantly, forget about any self-treatment. Practice shows that the slightest deformation, minimal displacement entails shortening of the arm and other complications.

The subsequent treatment and recovery depend on how professionally first aid is provided for a fractured limb.

How to recognize a broken arm and what to do next

Likbez

Health

May 13, 2021

In a few weeks, the injury will be gone if you take care of yourself.

You can listen to the article. If it’s more convenient for you, turn on the podcast.

What is an arm fracture

An arm fracture is a crack or fracture in any of the three bones that make up the upper limb: the humerus, radius, or ulna.

Image: solar22/Shutterstock

This is a common injury that most often occurs when falling onto an outstretched arm. In most cases, the bone can be successfully restored with a cast or splint. But there are also more serious situations that require surgical intervention.

At the slightest suspicion of a fracture, you should immediately go to the nearest emergency room or emergency room. Don’t waste time. It is important.

How to tell if it’s a broken arm

The arm usually breaks with a characteristic click or crack. Such a soundtrack may be the first sign of a fracture. But there will definitely be others:

• Severe pain, which becomes more noticeable when moving. Because of this, a person cannot use his hand.
• Numbness of the limb.
• Restricted mobility. If you place your hand palm up, it will not be possible to turn it palm down in a normal twisting motion.
• Noticeable swelling in the area of ​​the alleged fracture. Puffiness may not occur immediately, but increase over several hours.
• Bruises, subcutaneous hemorrhages.
• Visible hand deformity. For example, it may be curved in an unnatural way.

To suspect a fracture, it is enough that one or two symptoms occur immediately after a blow or fall.

Why you need to seek help as soon as possible

Fractures heal well if treated as soon as possible. But if you decide to play for time, serious complications can develop. Including deadly ones.

• Stopping bone growth in children. In childhood, the limbs are still lengthened. This happens due to the growth zones, which are located along the edges of each bone. If the fracture has affected this particular area, the lengthening may stop. And this will lead to the fact that by adulthood one arm will become shorter than the other.
• Osteoarthritis. Fractures that affect the joint, years later, can lead to its inflammation – arthritis.
• Stiffness of movement. Incorrectly fused bone often leads to limited mobility of the hand.
• Bone infection. With an open fracture, when the bone breaks through the skin and comes out, it can be attacked by microbes that can cause infection. This is dangerous because it can lead to bone destruction and blood poisoning.
• Damage to nerves or blood vessels. If sharp fragments form on the bone during an injury (this is the so-called comminuted fracture), they can break nearby blood vessels or nerve endings. This can be seen by numbness, swelling and the appearance of hematomas. If you do not quickly see a doctor, the hand may permanently lose mobility.
• Compartmental syndrome. Due to excessive swelling, blood circulation in the arm can also stop. That is, tissues, including muscle and bone, will begin to die. Compartment syndrome usually appears 1–2 days after injury. The beginning of the process can be seen by pain and severe numbness in the affected arm. This disorder is a medical emergency and requires the immediate attention of a surgeon.

How to treat a broken arm

First, you will have an x-ray to find out what condition the bone is in.

If the fracture is confirmed, the surgeon will place a cast or splint on the affected limb. This is important to give the bones a chance to recover. To reduce pain, your doctor will suggest you an analgesic drug and muscle relaxant drugs that relieve muscle spasm.

If the swelling is very large, the arm will be covered with a temporary bandage. A plaster will be applied after a few days, when the swelling subsides.