Gas nausea bloating: Causes and what to do

23.12.202027.07.2023 by alexxlab

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Causes and what to do

If a person is bloated, nauseous, and tired, changing their eating habits may help. However, if these symptoms persist, it may be a sign of an underlying health condition.

People with a bloated stomach, nausea, and tiredness may find their stomach feels enlarged, tight, and uncomfortably full.

They may have a stomach ache or pass more gas than usual. In some cases, salty foods and carbohydrates can make someone feel sleepy or bloated.

In this article, we look at the causes of bloating, nausea, and tiredness, and what people can do to relieve these symptoms.

Share on PinterestEating habits, constipation, stress, and other medical conditions may lead to bloating, nausea, and tiredness.

There are many reasons why a person might have a bloated stomach and be feeling sick and tired. Read on for some potential causes.

Eating habits

There are several ways a person’s eating habits and diet can contribute to feeling bloated, nauseous, or tired.

These include:

eating too quickly
eating large portions
drinking carbonated drinks
eating foods high in salt
eating a lot of carbohydrates

Eating moderate portions of food slowly and mindfully may aid digestion and ease symptoms.

Constipation

Constipation occurs when someone has less frequent bowel movements than usual. The bowel movements they do have may feel difficult, uncomfortable, or painful.

Other symptoms of constipation include:

bloating
feeling sluggish
stomach pain

According to John Hopkins Medicine, constipation is the most common digestive condition in the United States.

Constipation has a range of causes, including:

sudden changes in diet or lifestyle
pregnancy
dehydration
not eating enough fiber
medication that has constipation as a side effect

Treatment for constipation depends on the cause but often involves dietary and lifestyle changes. If these do not work, a doctor may prescribe a laxative.

Stress

Stress and anxiety can affect the nerves of the digestive system, slowing down the movements of the intestines. This may cause people to feel bloated, nauseous, and tired.

Stress can also contribute to constipation, as well as other gastrointestinal conditions.

The American Institute of Stress list a wide range of other symptoms that stress can cause, including:

nervous habits, such as fidgeting
muscle tension or pain
cold or sweaty hands and feet
insomnia or nightmares
headaches or jaw clenching
changes in appetite
frequent illness, such as colds or flu

Stress can be difficult to manage. However, there are many ways someone can relieve stress, such as:

deep breathing exercises
yoga or meditation
journaling
prayer
massage or self-massage

It is a good idea for people to experiment with different stress management techniques to find what helps.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs when too many bacteria grow in the small intestine.

SIBO can cause:

bloating and gas
diarrhea or constipation
stomach pain
nausea
fatigue

People with SIBO often have low motility, meaning the small intestine does not push food through the digestive tract as it should.

Diverticulitis, abdominal surgery, and adhesions can also make SIBO more likely.

There are several types of SIBO, and the type someone has will determine their treatment. Doctors may prescribe an antibiotic or combination of antibiotics.

People with SIBO may feel relief from symptoms by following a low FODMAP diet.

FODMAP stands for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols. These are compounds that bacteria ferment, sometimes causing SIBO symptoms.

Learn more about the low FODMAP diet.

Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) describes a group of symptoms that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including:

abdominal pain and cramping
diarrhea or constipation
bloating
white mucus in stools

Because of the range of causes, treatment for IBS varies. The low FODMAP diet, reducing stress, and medications that alleviate the symptoms can help someone manage the condition.

A variety of factors can cause IBS. Stress, early life trauma, and bacterial infections may play a role. Some people with IBS also have SIBO, food intolerances, or mental health conditions.

Gastroparesis

Gastroparesis means stomach paralysis and occurs when the stomach cannot contract. This causes food to sit in the stomach, disrupting digestion.

According to the American College of Gastroenterology, gastoparesis can cause the following symptoms:

bloating
nausea
feeling full quickly
heartburn
vomiting
abdominal pain

Abdominal pain of gastroparesis occurs under the ribs, especially in the center of the upper abdomen.

As a result of these symptoms, a person may lose weight or not get enough nutrients, which can result in tiredness.

People often manage gastroparesis by changing their diet. Foods high in fat or fiber take longer to digest. Switching to softer foods, such as nutritional drinks, soups, and stews, can help.

Dumping syndrome

Dumping syndrome happens when food empties from the stomach too quickly.

The International Foundation Gastrointestinal Disorders state that dumping syndrome can occur after people have had surgery to remove part of the stomach. It may also occur in people with other digestive conditions.

Along with bloating, nausea, and fatigue, the symptoms of dumping syndrome include:

abdominal cramping
diarrhea
vomiting
dizziness
cold sweats

Symptoms may appear during or straight after eating, or 1–3 hours after eating. Dietary changes can often help people to relieve symptoms.

Changes can include:

eating smaller meals more frequently
increasing complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains
increasing foods high in soluble fiber, such as apples, carrots, and oats
increasing protein

It can help to talk to a dietician so that a person with dumping syndrome can maintain their weight.

Ovarian cancer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), persistent bloating for 2 weeks or more can be a sign of ovarian cancer in females.

People may also experience:

unusual vaginal bleeding
pelvic pain or pressure
feeling full quickly while eating
difficulty eating
constipation or more frequent bowel movements
more frequent urination

If people have any of these symptoms, they should see their doctor right away. A doctor can request tests to determine if these symptoms are due to cancer or another condition.

In mild or temporary cases of bloating, nausea, and tiredness, a person may find their symptoms resolve with rest, bowel movements, or passing gas.

Home remedies and lifestyle changes can also help relieve symptoms. These include:

eating smaller meals more regularly
eating slowly and mindfully, chewing thoroughly
trying to reduce stress
drinking enough water throughout the day
reducing processed foods, which can be high in fat and salt
stopping smoking or drinking alcohol that can cause heartburn

Depending on the underlying cause, people may find increasing or decreasing fiber intake helps ease symptoms. People can talk to a healthcare professional to work out a helpful fiber intake.

If someone has persistent symptoms of SIBO or IBS after meals, they can try the low FODMAP diet to see if it eases their symptoms.

People should see their doctor if they have experienced persistent bloating for 2 weeks or more. People should also see their doctor if they have:

unexplained weight loss
persistent or severe abdominal pain
blood in their urine or stool
changes in the color of frequency of bowel movements
loss of appetite or feeling full quickly

Bloating, nausea, and tiredness can occur due to a wide range of causes. Temporary explanations can include eating rich or salty meals, eating too much, or short-term stress. Longer-term causes include conditions such as IBS, SIBO, and gastroparesis.

People may feel an improvement in symptoms by changing their diet, eating habits, and by reducing stress if possible. However, for persistent or severe symptoms, a person can seek help from a doctor.

Abdominal Bloating and Nausea: Causes, Photos, and Treatments

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Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M. D. — By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA — Updated on March 19, 2020

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Bloating, belching and intestinal gas: How to avoid them. (2014, April 15)
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Nausea and vomiting. (2013, August 29)
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Nausea and vomiting. (2014, September 4)
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Thiwan, S. (n.d.). Abdominal bloating: A mysterious symptom
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Understanding bloating and distention. (2014, March 17)
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Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Mar 19, 2020

Written By

Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA

Edited By

Elizabeth Donovan

Jan 3, 2017

Medically Reviewed By

Graham Rogers, MD

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M. D. — By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA — Updated on March 19, 2020

Bloating – causes and treatment, which doctor to contact

What is bloating and where does it happen

Abdominal distension (tympania) – an uncomfortable feeling of heaviness and fullness in the abdomen. As a rule, it is accompanied by rumbling, belching, sometimes diarrhea or constipation. Rarely, with swelling, pain and colic are noted.

In addition to bloating and a feeling of fullness, some patients report nausea, bad taste in the mouth, and pain.

Localization of pain depends on where exactly the gases are accumulated :

Splenic flexure of the intestine – there is pressure and pain in the left hypochondrium. The pain radiates to the region of the heart.
Subhepatic flexure of the intestine – feeling of fullness and pain under the right rib. The pain radiates to the right shoulder blade, shoulder and neck.
Cecum – pain in the right lower abdomen.
Small intestine – bloating is felt in the area around the navel.

Causes of swelling

Bloating can have many causes, from a can of canned peas for lunch to pancreatitis or irritable bowel syndrome.

Physiological causes

The most common cause of bloating is the consumption of gas-promoting foods.

The fact is that in the intestines the food is finally broken down to the necessary substances, which are absorbed in the small intestine, and unnecessary, which enter the large intestine and are excreted during defecation.

Some foods contain complex substances that are difficult to digest, such as fiber or starch. To break them down, bacteria that constantly live in the intestines come to the rescue. Gases are the waste products of such bacteria, which are formed when they process carbohydrates and other substances. The smell and amount of gases depends on what bacteria live in the intestines and how many of them.

A common cause of bloating is the consumption of gas-promoting foods. Gases are waste products of bacteria living in the intestines

Another cause of bloating is swallowing air. This happens when a person is in a hurry and eats or drinks on the go, talking while eating. In this case, the swelling is short-term, and the discomfort disappears with belching.

In addition, bloating is aggravated by smoking and obstructed nasal breathing, because in these cases the person also swallows air through the mouth.

In the elderly, bloating may be associated with age-related changes in the intestines.

After 50-60 years, the intestinal mucosa partially atrophies, peristalsis slows down, so digestion can slow down – gases accumulate and provoke flatulence and bloating.

In pregnant women, bloating often occurs in the later stages. This is due to mechanical compression of the intestines by an enlarged uterus, slowing down of peristalsis due to hormonal changes, as well as an increased load on the liver and pancreas. Usually, relief occurs within a month after childbirth.

In addition, bloating may appear on the background of emotional experiences. For example, a little nervousness due to a morning jam can lead to the release of stress hormones and slow down digestion, causing bloating, pain, or constipation. More serious worries, for example due to an upcoming public speaking, can lead to an acceleration of digestive processes and even diarrhea.

There is no exact relationship between the strength of stress and digestive disorders – these are individual reactions.

The listed causes are physiological and are not considered a sign of illness. As a rule, in such cases, improvement can be achieved by changing the diet or using symptomatic remedies. But there are more serious causes of bloating.

Infections

Against the background of infectious diseases, the bacterial composition of the intestine is disturbed – dysbiosis develops. As a result, gas formation increases – the stomach swells and hurts. In addition, other signs of infection appear – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever.

Infectious diseases accompanied by bloating :

acute intestinal infections – dysentery, salmonellosis, rotavirus infection;
fungal infection of the gastrointestinal tract – intestinal candidiasis caused by fungi of the genus Candida;
parasitic infections – giardiasis, opisthorchiasis, toxocariasis, echinococcosis, ascariasis, enterobiasis.

Not only the listed, but also any other intestinal infections, regardless of the pathogen, can lead to bloating.

Colon pathologies

Abdominal distention is one of the signs of colon damage, which is often combined with constipation and abdominal pain.

Pathologies of the colon accompanied by bloating :

inflammatory diseases – ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease;
oncological diseases and precancerous conditions – benign and malignant tumors of the intestine, polyps;
congenital or acquired enlargement of the large intestine – megacolon or dolichosigma;
change in the intestinal lumen – pneumatosis (formation of air cavities), diverticulum (protrusion of the intestinal wall).

Diseases of the esophagus and stomach

Bloating is often seen with inflammation of the upper digestive tract. At the same time, the motility of the gastrointestinal tract is disturbed: gases accumulate and move along it unevenly, provoking discomfort.

Diseases of the esophagus and stomach accompanied by bloating :

gastroesophageal reflux disease – a chronic disease caused by impaired motility of the organs of the gastroesophageal zone, due to which the contents of the stomach are periodically thrown back into the esophagus;
hiatal hernia – protrusion of part of the esophagus into the middle compartment of the chest wall.

Malabsorption

Sometimes food is not absorbed properly in the small intestine: there are not enough enzymes. If you are deficient in lactase (the enzyme that breaks down milk sugar) or have an intolerance to gluten (the main protein in cereals), eating the right foods can increase gas production and lead to bloating.

In addition, bloating is caused by malabsorption, a condition resulting from malabsorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract.

Abdominal inflammatory processes

Sudden bloating accompanied by severe pain may be a sign of serious conditions requiring immediate medical attention. This happens with acute inflammation of the abdominal wall – peritonitis, as well as intestinal obstruction.

Severe bloating and absence of flatus are characteristic signs of intestinal obstruction.

In addition, the cause of bloating can be an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity – ascites.

Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

Functional disorders are conditions that present with gastrointestinal symptoms without pathological changes.

In functional disorders, the sensitivity of nerve endings in the mucous membrane is disturbed. This makes the stomach feel “something is wrong” and reacts with pain, bloating, or diarrhea when there is really nothing to worry about.

The most common forms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.

Abdominal wall failure

Changes in the anatomical structure of the abdominal wall can also lead to bloating. This happens, for example, with a divergence (diastasis) of the rectus abdominis muscles, a hernia of the white line, or postoperative hernias.

When and which doctor to contact

Bloating occurs periodically in every person and in itself is rarely associated with something dangerous to health. Most often, the stomach swells due to stress, carbonated drinks, a diet rich in complex carbohydrates, a sedentary lifestyle, snacking on the go, or an imbalance in the composition of the intestinal microflora.

If bloating bothers you all the time and interferes with a normal life, you should consult a doctor. You can start with a therapist or immediately sign up with a specialized specialist who treats gastrointestinal problems – a gastroenterologist.

Diagnostics

To understand the exact cause of swelling, the doctor may order laboratory or instrumental studies.

Laboratory methods for diagnosing distension

The most commonly used advanced or basic biochemical study, determine the level of the main enzymes of the pancreas and liver in the blood.

Clinical blood test with leukocyte formula and ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in case of pathological changes) (venous blood)

Code 3.9.1.

Clinical blood test – a blood composition test that allows you to assess general health, detect inflammation, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, as well as help in the diagnosis of anemia, diseases of the hematopoietic organs, allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.

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Liver and pancreas

Code 27. 56.

The study allows to detect pathologies of the liver and pancreas at an early stage. The complex is especially recommended for patients who experience unpleasant pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, bitterness in the mouth.

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To assess the chemical composition and physical properties of the contents of the large intestine, as well as to conduct a microscopic analysis for pathogenic microflora, the doctor may prescribe a coprogram, tests for fecal calprotectin, pancreatic elastase enzyme, Clostridium difficile toxins in feces, analysis for helminth eggs. To exclude inflammatory and oncological diseases of the intestine, an analysis for occult blood in the feces is used.

Coprogram

Code 21. 2.

Analysis includes physicochemical and microscopic examination of feces. The study is prescribed to identify pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Calprotectin in feces

Code 26.44.

Fecal calprotectin test helps to find the cause of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding, distinguish between inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) from non-inflammatory ones, and monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

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Pancreatic elastase 1

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Toxin A and B (Clostridium difficile, pseudomembranous colitis) , antigen test

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“Colon View Hb and Hb/Hp” for fecal occult blood (detection of hemoglobin or hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex in feces)

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The analysis reveals occult bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract. It is used in the framework of screening for colorectal cancer and precancerous conditions.

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In addition, tests for gluten and lactose are used to detect intolerance to these nutrients.

Celiac Disease: Advanced Screening

Code 28.549.

Comprehensive serological examination reveals antibodies to the connective tissues of the small intestine, as well as to gliadin, a component of the cereal protein gluten. It is used when celiac disease is suspected and to control the treatment of this disease.

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Lactose intolerance

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Study of polymorphism (varieties) in the regulatory region (MCM6) of the gene encoding lactase enzyme (LCT). Allows you to identify the genetic causes of lactose intolerance – the inability of the body to fully absorb milk and dairy products in adulthood due to a lack of an enzyme.

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Instrumental methods for diagnosing bloating

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy , or gastroscopy: a doctor using an endoscope – a flexible tube with a camera at the end – examines the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and initial sections of the intestine from the inside. In this way, inflammation, mucosal defects or tumors can be detected.

Colonoscopy is another endoscopic examination that allows you to assess the condition of the mucous membrane of the lower intestine. During colonoscopy, the endoscope is inserted through the anus.; The study requires special preparation.

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity – allows you to quickly and non-invasively assess the condition of the biliary tract, liver, spleen, blood vessels, detect tumors, cysts or other changes.

X-ray – allows you to assess the general condition of the internal organs and motility of the small and large intestines (X-ray with barium), exclude intestinal obstruction.

Treatment of bloating

Treatment will depend on the cause of the swelling. So, in infectious diseases of the intestine, therapy will be aimed at destroying pathogens and restoring the balance of microflora, with gastritis – at restoring the gastric mucosa, and with lactase deficiency – at the exclusion of milk from the diet.

Only a doctor should determine the exact cause of swelling and prescribe treatment.

If bloating is not associated with diseases or pathological conditions, you can try to help yourself by slightly changing your lifestyle and adding good habits.

How to relieve bloating

Gas is an individual reaction, therefore, before you actively fight bloating, you should observe yourself and highlight those foods, medicines or conditions after which the stomach begins to rebel. Then it will become clear what the reason is – in shawarma, soup with beans or emotional experiences.

If the culprit is found, try to exclude him from life, or at least limit him, in order to check whether he really was the case.

What else will help to cope with bloating

Physical activity

After eating, it is definitely not recommended to lie down or sit crouched at the computer. At least 20 minutes after eating, you should be in an upright position with a straight back. If you want, you can take a walk – this will help reduce bloating.

Restriction of products that increase gas formation

Legumes, cabbage, milk, black bread, eggs contribute to increased gas formation, but this is an individual reaction.

Often, bloating is due to the fact that the foods consumed contain a lot of fiber. But fiber is an integral part of a healthy diet and it is not recommended to completely exclude it from the diet.

If a person has never eaten it regularly, then you should gradually add legumes, vegetables and fruits to the diet to find your optimal portion.

Falafel increases gas production due to high fiber content

Fermented products

If gas is associated with an imbalance of microbes in the gut, foods containing beneficial bacteria (probiotics) will help. Food sources of beneficial bacteria include canned vegetables and fruits, kefir or yogurt.

Conscious eating

Chewing food thoroughly and not talking while eating is not just a lecture for small children, but an important step that will help not swallow excess air and at the same time make the process of eating more conscious and enjoyable. In addition, a slow meal helps to normalize weight, because satiety signals do not reach the brain until 20 minutes after the first bite has entered the mouth.

No carbonated drinks

Often with bloating, it’s not the food, but the drinks. For example, effervescent or carbonated liquids like beer, mineral water, or sweet soda cause carbon dioxide to accumulate in the stomach, causing it to swell.

The best drink to combat this is water. Just not carbonated.

How to get rid of bloating at home

Which doctor should I contact if the swelling does not go away?

Common causes of bloating

Bloating, or flatulence, is associated with excessive accumulation of gases in the gastrointestinal tract. Many factors can provoke this problem: nutrition, imbalance of intestinal microflora, pathologies of the digestive system.

In this article, the reader will find ways to deal with bloating at home and with the help of a doctor.
Main causes of bloating:

1. Improper diet

2. Gas-forming products

3. Intestinal dysbacteriosis

4. Digestive system diseases

5. Hypolactasia

6. Irritable bowel syndrome

7. Stool retention

Improper diet, such as frequent consumption of fatty, spicy foods or overeating, can cause bloating. Gas-producing foods, including cabbage, beans, and carbonated drinks, contribute to the formation of gases in the intestines. Gut dysbiosis, or disruption of the gut microflora, can lead to more gas and bloating.
Bloating can also be associated with diseases of the digestive system such as gastritis, ulcers or celiac disease.
Hypolactasia is a condition in which the body does not produce enough lactase to digest dairy products. May cause bloating after consumption.
Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder of the digestive system characterized by alternating constipation and diarrhea with bloating. Stool retention or constipation can contribute to the accumulation of gases and cause bloating.

How to get rid of bloating at home

Bloating can be a problem for many, but thankfully, there are several proven home remedies for bloating. We will look at how to get rid of it with and without drugs.

With medication

Our gastroenterologists have compiled the TOP-5 drugs that will help you quickly get rid of flatulence.
1. Espumizan – contains simethicone, which helps to break down gas bubbles in the intestines, making them easier to exit the body. This is a safe remedy and is suitable even for newborns.
Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
2. Sub Simplex – similar to Espumizan, contains simethicone and is effective in destroying gas bubbles. Can be used in children and adults.
Contraindications: allergy to drug components.
3. Mezim Forte – contains pancreatin, an enzyme that facilitates digestion and reduces gas formation. Suitable for adults and children over 3 years old.
Contraindications: acute pancreatitis, exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, allergy to drug components.
4. Lactulose is a probiotic drug that stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines, improving its function and reducing bloating. Lactulose is also a mild laxative.
Contraindications: galactosemia, mechanical intestinal obstruction, individual lactulose intolerance.
5. Festal is a combined preparation containing the enzymes of pancreatin, choline and glyceryl trioleate. These components facilitate digestion and reduce gas formation. Festal is recommended for adults and children over 6 years of age.
Contraindications: acute pancreatitis, exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, allergy to drug components, hepatobiliary diseases.

No drugs

1. Change your diet. First of all, you should pay attention to nutrition. Avoid gas-producing foods such as cabbage, beans, and sodas. Instead, include foods that contain probiotics, such as yogurt and kefir, in your diet, which normalize the intestinal microflora and reduce bloating. Proper chewing of food also plays an important role. The smaller the chewed foods, the easier they are to digest and the less likely it is to form gases. Thus, it is necessary to chew food thoroughly and avoid snacking on the go.
2. Be more active during the day. Physical activity improves digestion and reduces bloating. Regular walks, yoga or swimming will help speed up the process of assimilation of food and removal of gases from the body. The legs-to-chest position (bringing the knees to the chest while lying on the back) can be of particular benefit, as it stimulates the intestines and facilitates the release of gases.
3. Try a massage. Abdominal massage is also an effective method of combating bloating. Gently massaging the abdomen in a clockwise direction will help relax the intestines and improve their work. Massage can be done on your own or contact a professional.
4. Helps with warmth. Thermal procedures, such as a hot bath or applying a warm heating pad to the stomach, help to relax the muscles and improve the process of removing gases. It is important to remember that thermal procedures should be used only in the absence of contraindications, such as inflammatory processes in the intestines.

Which doctor should I contact if the swelling does not go away?

With prolonged bloating, it is recommended to consult a general practitioner or gastroenterologist. These specialists are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including problems associated with bloating.
To identify the causes of bloating, the doctor may prescribe a series of tests and studies, such as:

1. Complete blood count

2. Fecal occult blood test

3. Bacteriological stool test

4. Fecal elastase test
In addition to laboratory tests, the doctor may prescribe instrumental diagnostic methods:
1.

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