What is a hematocrit test. How does it measure red blood cell levels. Why are normal hematocrit levels crucial for health. What conditions can abnormal levels indicate. How is the test performed and interpreted.

The Fundamentals of Hematocrit Testing

Hematocrit testing is a crucial diagnostic tool in modern medicine, providing valuable insights into a person’s overall health and blood composition. This test measures the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample, offering a window into the body’s oxygen-carrying capacity and potential underlying health conditions.

A typical hematocrit range for healthy adults falls between 37% and 52%, though this can vary based on factors such as age and sex. Understanding these levels is essential for diagnosing and managing various health conditions, from anemia to polycythemia.

How is a hematocrit test performed?

A hematocrit test is typically conducted as part of a complete blood count (CBC). The process involves:

1. Drawing a blood sample from a vein, usually in the arm
2. Spinning the sample in a centrifuge to separate blood components
3. Measuring the proportion of red blood cells to the total blood volume
4. Expressing the result as a percentage

This simple yet effective test can provide crucial information about a person’s health status and guide further medical investigations if necessary.

The Vital Role of Red Blood Cells in Human Health

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are the unsung heroes of our circulatory system. These microscopic, disc-shaped cells play a pivotal role in maintaining our body’s overall health and function. But what exactly makes them so important?

What functions do red blood cells perform?

Red blood cells serve several critical functions in the body:

• Oxygen transport: They carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body
• Carbon dioxide removal: They transport carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs for exhalation
• pH balance: They help maintain the acid-base balance in the blood
• Blood viscosity: They contribute to the proper flow and consistency of blood

The importance of these functions cannot be overstated. Without adequate red blood cells, our bodies would struggle to deliver oxygen to vital organs and tissues, potentially leading to severe health complications.

Interpreting Hematocrit Levels: What Do They Mean?

Understanding hematocrit levels is crucial for assessing overall health and diagnosing potential blood disorders. While normal ranges can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and specific population, generally accepted ranges provide a useful guideline for interpretation.

What are considered normal hematocrit levels?

Normal hematocrit levels typically fall within the following ranges:

• Adult men: 41% to 50%
• Adult women: 36% to 44%
• Children: 36% to 40%
• Newborns: 45% to 61%

It’s important to note that these ranges can vary based on factors such as age, sex, pregnancy status, and altitude. Always consult with a healthcare professional for accurate interpretation of your specific results.

Low Hematocrit Levels: Causes and Implications

When hematocrit levels fall below the normal range, it often indicates a condition called anemia. Anemia can have various causes and may lead to a range of symptoms that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.

What are the common causes of low hematocrit levels?

Low hematocrit levels can result from numerous factors, including:

• Iron deficiency
• Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
• Chronic diseases such as kidney disease or cancer
• Blood loss from injury or surgery
• Bone marrow disorders
• Certain medications
• Pregnancy

Identifying the underlying cause of low hematocrit levels is crucial for effective treatment. Healthcare providers may order additional tests or examinations to pinpoint the specific reason for the anemia.

How do low hematocrit levels affect the body?

Low hematocrit levels can lead to various symptoms and complications:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Pale skin
• Cold hands and feet
• Chest pain or irregular heartbeat
• Cognitive difficulties

If left untreated, chronic anemia can lead to more severe complications, including heart problems and developmental issues in children. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these potential health risks.

High Hematocrit Levels: Understanding the Implications

Elevated hematocrit levels, a condition known as polycythemia, can be just as concerning as low levels. This condition occurs when the body produces too many red blood cells or when blood plasma volume decreases, leading to a higher concentration of red blood cells.

What causes high hematocrit levels?

Several factors can contribute to elevated hematocrit levels:

• Dehydration
• Living at high altitudes
• Smoking
• Lung diseases
• Heart diseases
• Certain types of cancer
• Polycythemia vera (a rare blood disorder)

Identifying the underlying cause of high hematocrit levels is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment approach. In some cases, the elevation may be temporary and resolve on its own, while in others, it may indicate a serious underlying condition requiring medical intervention.

What are the risks associated with high hematocrit levels?

Elevated hematocrit levels can lead to various health risks, including:

• Increased blood viscosity
• Higher risk of blood clots
• Stroke
• Heart attack
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Pulmonary embolism

Managing high hematocrit levels often involves addressing the underlying cause and may include lifestyle changes, medications, or procedures such as phlebotomy to reduce the number of red blood cells in the body.

The Importance of Regular Hematocrit Testing

Regular hematocrit testing plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and detecting potential blood disorders early. While it may not be necessary for everyone to have frequent hematocrit tests, certain individuals may benefit from more regular monitoring.

Who should consider regular hematocrit testing?

The following groups may benefit from more frequent hematocrit testing:

• Individuals with a history of anemia or polycythemia
• Patients with chronic diseases affecting blood cell production
• Pregnant women
• Athletes engaged in endurance sports
• People living at high altitudes
• Individuals on certain medications that can affect blood cell counts

Always consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate frequency of hematocrit testing based on your individual health status and risk factors.

Treatment Options for Abnormal Hematocrit Levels

When hematocrit levels fall outside the normal range, various treatment options are available depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. The goal of treatment is to restore healthy red blood cell levels and alleviate associated symptoms.

How are low hematocrit levels treated?

Treatment for low hematocrit levels (anemia) may include:

• Iron supplements
• Vitamin B12 or folate supplements
• Dietary changes to increase iron intake
• Medications to stimulate red blood cell production
• Blood transfusions in severe cases
• Treatment of underlying conditions causing the anemia

The specific treatment approach will depend on the cause and severity of the anemia, as well as the individual’s overall health status.

What treatments are available for high hematocrit levels?

Treatment options for high hematocrit levels (polycythemia) may include:

• Phlebotomy (removal of blood to reduce red blood cell count)
• Hydration to improve blood flow
• Medications to suppress red blood cell production
• Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking
• Treatment of underlying conditions causing the elevated levels

The treatment plan will be tailored to the individual’s specific situation and the cause of the elevated hematocrit levels.

Lifestyle Factors Affecting Hematocrit Levels

While some factors affecting hematocrit levels are beyond our control, certain lifestyle choices can influence these levels. Understanding these factors can help individuals maintain healthy hematocrit levels and overall well-being.

How can diet impact hematocrit levels?

Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy hematocrit levels. Key dietary considerations include:

• Iron-rich foods: Red meat, poultry, fish, beans, and leafy green vegetables
• Vitamin C: Enhances iron absorption when consumed with iron-rich foods
• Vitamin B12: Found in animal products and fortified foods
• Folate: Present in leafy greens, citrus fruits, and fortified grains

A balanced diet that includes these nutrients can help support healthy red blood cell production and maintain optimal hematocrit levels.

What other lifestyle factors can affect hematocrit levels?

Several lifestyle factors can influence hematocrit levels:

• Hydration: Proper hydration helps maintain appropriate blood volume
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve overall cardiovascular health
• Altitude: Living at high altitudes can increase hematocrit levels
• Smoking: Can lead to elevated hematocrit levels and other health issues
• Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can affect red blood cell production

By making informed lifestyle choices, individuals can help maintain healthy hematocrit levels and support overall health and well-being.

The Future of Hematocrit Testing and Blood Disorder Management

As medical technology continues to advance, the future of hematocrit testing and blood disorder management looks promising. Researchers and healthcare professionals are constantly working to improve diagnostic techniques and treatment options for conditions affecting red blood cell levels.

What advancements are being made in hematocrit testing?

Emerging technologies in hematocrit testing include:

• Point-of-care testing devices for rapid results
• Non-invasive hematocrit measurement techniques
• Integration of artificial intelligence for more accurate interpretation of results
• Improved methods for detecting subtle variations in red blood cell characteristics

These advancements aim to make hematocrit testing more accessible, accurate, and informative, potentially leading to earlier detection and better management of blood disorders.

How might future treatments improve outcomes for patients with abnormal hematocrit levels?

Promising areas of research in blood disorder treatment include:

• Gene therapy for inherited blood disorders
• Targeted therapies for specific types of anemia
• Improved bone marrow transplant techniques
• Development of artificial blood substitutes
• Personalized medicine approaches based on genetic profiles

These emerging treatments hold the potential to revolutionize the management of conditions affecting hematocrit levels, offering hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for patients with blood disorders.

In conclusion, understanding hematocrit levels and their implications is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being. Regular monitoring, coupled with a healthy lifestyle and appropriate medical interventions when necessary, can help ensure optimal red blood cell levels and support the body’s vital functions. As research continues to advance, we can look forward to even more effective ways of diagnosing, treating, and managing conditions affecting hematocrit levels, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for individuals worldwide.

Importance of Red Blood Cells

What Are Red Blood Cells?

Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are one of the components of blood. (The others are plasma, platelets and white blood cells.) They are continuously produced in our bone marrow. Just two or three drops of blood can contain about one billion red blood cells – in fact, that’s what gives our blood that distinctive red color.

What Is the Function of Red Blood Cells?

Red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. Then they make the return trip, taking carbon dioxide back to our lungs to be exhaled.

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What Does a Low Red Blood Cell Count Mean?

A low red blood cell count, known as anemia, can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness and other symptoms. If untreated, anemia can lead to serious complications. In many cases, anemia occurs when we don’t eat a nutrient rich diet; choosing foods that are rich in iron and other vitamins and minerals can help raise the red blood cell count. Learn about heme iron and which foods are considered rich in iron. 

Anemia can also be caused by pregnancy and certain medical conditions such as bleeding disorders and kidney disease. Talk to your doctor to determine the best course of treatment.

How Are Red Blood Cells Used in Medicine?

Red blood cells are the most commonly transfused blood component. Patients who benefit most from receiving red blood cells include those with chronic anemia resulting from kidney failure or gastrointestinal bleeding, and those with acute blood loss resulting from trauma. They can also be used to treat blood disorders such as sickle cell disease.

How Are Red Blood Cells Collected?

Red blood cells are prepared from whole blood by removing the plasma (the liquid portion of the blood). Sometimes this is done after a person donates a pint of whole blood, resulting in multiple components (red cells, plasma and platelets) that can be given to different patients. Learn more about the different components that can be obtained from a whole blood donation.  

Other times, it is done during the donation itself, using a process called apheresis. In this case, only the red cells are retained and the patient’s plasma and platelets are returned to them. Some donors say that this leaves them feeling more hydrated than giving a whole blood donation.

Red cells have a shelf life of up to 42 days, depending on the type of anticoagulant used when they are stored. They can also be treated and frozen for 10 years or more.

Why Donations Are So Important

Recent studies show that there is a need for blood transfusions every 2 seconds, all of which must be collected from volunteer donors. One powerful way to help is to donate what the Red Cross calls “Power Red.” By donating Power Red, you double your impact by contributing two units of red blood cells in just one donation.

Learn More About Blood Components

Platelets

Plasma

Red Blood Cells

Cryoprecipitate

Whole Blood

Hematocrit

White Blood Cells

Donate Power Red and help trauma patients, surgery patients, people with sickle cell anemia, and others.  

What it is, levels, high and low range

Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in a person’s blood. A typical hematocrit range in healthy adults is 37–52%. This varies depending on a person’s sex and age.

Authors of a 2017 study identified the above typical range.

Low red blood cell levels indicate conditions such as anemia. High red blood cell levels could signal polycythemia, increasing a person’s chance of developing a blood clot.

If a person feels tired, dizzy, or short of breath, a doctor may want to test their hematocrit levels to see if those levels fall into a normal range or not.

Read on to learn more about what this measure of red blood cell volume means, symptoms of abnormal levels, and what low and high levels might indicate.

Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the body. For example: if a person has 50 milliliters (ml) of red blood cells in 100 ml of blood, their hematocrit level is 50%.

Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body and give blood its characteristic red color. In addition to oxygen, they also contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules. This allows red blood cells to pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout the body.

An adequate amount of red blood cells is essential to keep the body’s processes running smoothly.

Many conditions can affect red blood cell production or its life cycle. This can make it difficult for a medical professional to diagnose these conditions. A doctor will use a hematocrit test to confirm whether a person’s red blood cell count is affecting a health condition.

Doctors usually test hematocrit levels as part of a complete blood count (CBC).

A CBC is composed of a range of tests and may include:

• red blood cell count
• reticulocyte count (young red blood cells)
• an analysis of hemoglobin levels
• an analysis of red blood cells, including size and shape
• white blood cell tests
• platelet tests

A doctor will also consider a person’s sex, race, and age. It is important to note that certain blood-related conditions, such as sickle-cell anemia, affect particular demographic groups at higher rates.

Learn more about sickle cell anemia in African Americans here.

A doctor may request frequent hematocrit tests to monitor the effect of chemotherapy on a person’s bone marrow.

Both high and low hematocrit levels can be detrimental to a person’s health and result from various conditions and lifestyle factors.

What are normal hematocrit levels?

Different institutions will define normal hematocrit levels differently. However, a 2017 cross-population study found the following ranges to be typical.

• Male: 42-52%
• Female: 37-47%
• Children: 30–44%, depending on their age and sex

Newborn babies have high hematocrit levels that gradually decrease as they get older.

If a person has recently received a blood transfusion, it may affect their results. Additionally, pregnant individuals may have lower levels than usual because the body increases its blood volume during pregnancy.

Other factors, such as smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may push levels into a higher range.

Low levels

A hematocrit level below 35% in women and 41% in men is low. A level under this value can signify chronic anemia.

High levels

Hematocrit levels above the typical ranges can have adverse effects. It may indicate serious underlying health conditions.

Accuracy of results

Results from hematocrit tests are typically accurate and provide a clear reading of a person’s red blood cell levels.

However, the percentage of red blood cells in someone’s blood can change depending on various lifestyle factors and even environmental changes. According to research, red blood cell counts tend to increase at high altitudes.

Exercise, particularly strength training, may also affect hematocrit levels. A 2018 study found that females who participated in 16 weeks of strength exercise had lower levels at the end than when they started. However, the study had a small sample size of 26 middle-aged, sedentary Turkish women. This means that these findings aren’t necessarily representative of a wider population.

Dehydration can also raise hematocrit levels, so this test is useful if a doctor suspects severe dehydration is the cause of a person’s symptoms.

When a person has low hematocrit levels, they tend to present with the following symptoms:

• pale complexion
• weakness
• fatigue
• low energy
• trouble breathing
• irregular heartbeat
• cold hands or feet

These symptoms also indicate anemia, a condition where hemoglobin levels are lower than normal. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.

Mild anemia is treatable, and it is particularly common in women. Severe anemia could signal a more serious underlying health condition that requires more extensive treatment.

Doctors associate anemia with several health conditions, including:

Nutrient deficiency

A person may lack B12, folate, or iron in their diet.

Learn more about how nutrient deficiency anemia is diagnosed and treated.

Chronic bleeding

This commonly occurs due to digestive tract ulcers, which are sores caused by the bacteria H.pylori or chronic use of anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aspirin. Many women also experience excessive blood loss from heavy menstrual bleeding.

Bone marrow disorder

This includes aplastic anemia, which damages stem cells in bone marrow.

Cancer

These cancers spread to bone marrow, such as leukemia and lymphoma.

Learn more about bone marrow cancers here.

Kidney failure

Kidney disease can lower the production of red blood cells, reducing hematocrit levels.

Thalassemia

When a person has this condition, their body does not produce enough hemoglobin.

Learn more about thalassemia here.

Sickle cell anemia

This condition changes the shape of red blood cells. These cells die earlier than normal, and they also clump together, which impairs blood flow.

Learn more about sickle cell anemia here.

Autoimmune disease

Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus may reduce red blood cell count.

Learn more about autoimmune diseases here.

When a person has high hematocrit levels, they tend to present with these symptoms:

• flushed skin
• dizziness
• vision problems
• headaches
• enlarged spleen

These symptoms signal polycythemia, a condition where the body produces too many red blood cells. This means blood is thicker and clots more easily.

Doctors cannot cure polycythemia, so treatment focuses on symptom management. The main goal is to avoid stroke and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is a blood clot usually occurring in a deep vein in the leg.

In some cases, dehydration causes polycythemia. When a person does not drink enough, their plasma levels drop, increasing the proportion of red blood cells in their blood volume. A person can lower their red blood cell count by rehydrating.

Some conditions that can cause high hematocrit levels include:

Lung or pulmonary disease

When the lungs cannot absorb oxygen effectively, and oxygen levels drop, the body compensates by making more red blood cells. One common pulmonary disease causing this is COPD.

Learn more about COPD here.

Heart disease

If the structure of a person’s heart reduces its ability to pump blood around the body, it can no longer sustain vital organs with oxygen. To try and overcome the oxygen deficit, the body produces more red blood cells.

Learn more about heart disease here.

Kidney cancer

Sometimes kidney cancer cells create more erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is a hormone that tells the bone marrow to create more red blood cells.

Learn more about kidney cancer here.

Genetic disease

The JAK2 gene, which controls the number of blood cells made in the bone marrow, can affect certain conditions. When someone has a mutated JAK2 gene, the body could make a protein that signals the bone marrow to create more red blood cells than it needs.

Learn more about genetic disorders here.

A person should speak with a doctor if they are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above that could be a sign of high or low hematocrit levels, including fatigue, weakness, vision problems, and dizziness.

These symptoms can also indicate an underlying condition, so a person must contact a doctor promptly to prevent future complications.

If a person is receiving chemotherapy treatment, a doctor should perform regular hematocrit tests to monitor bone marrow health.

Hematocrit is the percentage of blood cells in a person’s blood volume. A doctor may test an individual’s hematocrit level due to certain symptoms.

A low hematocrit level means there are too few red blood cells in the body. In these cases, a person may experience symptoms that signal anemia. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and low energy.

If a person has too many red blood cells, they have a high hematocrit level. A person may experience dizziness and headaches, which can be a sign of the condition polycythemia.

Demographic and lifestyle factors can influence a person’s hematocrit levels. For example, males tend to have higher levels than females. Pregnant individuals can experience a decrease in hematocrit levels, and strength training may also reduce levels.

There are also several health conditions that can cause hematocrit levels outside the normal range. Excessive bleeding, thalassemia, and kidney disease are causes of low levels. COPD and sickle cell anemia can cause high levels.

Read this article in Spanish.

Bitrix 24 online chat

04/21/2019
13119 CRM training

Bitrix24 is primarily a corporate portal, so it has many components, including an important component necessary for communication between company employees – online chat.

The chat panel in Bitrix24 is located on the right side of the desktop:

This panel displays all the latest chats that you have participated in before. To remove unnecessary chats, you need to open the chat window, right-click on the chat you want to remove, and click “Hide Conversation”.

There are two types of online chats in Bitrix24: tête-à-tête and group. The latter, in turn, are divided into open and closed chats. Anyone can join open group chats, while closed ones can be accessed only by invitation.

One-on-one chat is for direct communication between two employees. To start it, you need to click on the pencil icon at the top of the chat window and select the “One-on-one chat” item.

If you want to create a group open or closed chat, you need to select the appropriate item from the drop-down menu in the same place. You can also always add one-on-one colleagues to the chat, and the chat will turn into a group private chat automatically.

In the chat itself, you can attach files, both stored on your computer and in your Bitrix24 cloud space. It can be a file of any format.

You can also mention any employee in the chat using a special button or the “@” symbol

You can also use chat commands using a special button or simply by entering the “/” symbol. Several commands are available, for example, you can format the text as a quote:

For emotional coloring, you can use built-in emoticons or GIF animations.

For operational communication, there is the possibility of voice and video calls up to 8 people in the chat.

You can turn off notifications in a specific chat so that you do not disturb, just click on the bell in the upper right corner of the chat window:

If the communication is long, and you need to find something among hundreds of messages, then you can use the built-in search for this:

There you can also erase the entire history of messages, but it will be erased only for you, the rest of the history will be preserved:

You can also manipulate the messages themselves in the chat. For example, you can mark someone else’s message as unread, quote a message, create a task for yourself based on the message, discuss this message in another chat, or discuss the message in a live feed.

If the message is yours, you can edit or delete it.

Thus, the online chat tool in Bitrix24 allows you to completely transfer the communication of your employees to the corporate portal and refuse to communicate in third-party services.

Vladimir Bezukov
Head of the company

TWIN — Development of voice and chat bots

TWIN is an omnichannel platform for efficient and cost-effective automated customer communications. Voice and chat bots, a chat platform, a mailing service and a widget for the site – so as not to miss a single lead.

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Speak to your customers in natural language, recognizing intentions and emotions. Flexible dialogue scenarios and realistic voices. Ideal for cold calls or post-sales surveys.

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Bots work in a variety of communication channels – from phone to SMS, from email to instant messengers and social networks – and can seamlessly switch between them while maintaining the history of the dialogue.

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A single operator panel for convenient management of hundreds of dialogs in any channels of your communication with the market. Saving all dialogues and detailed analytics.

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Communicate with website visitors and don’t lose a single lead. Connect the bot during non-working hours and serve customers on the site around the clock.

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All TWIN products are easily integrated with all popular CRMs. And also with instant messengers, social networks, Google spreadsheets and even Avito and ChatGPT.

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Capitalize on the rapidly growing AI bot market. Sell ​​TWIN franchise products in your city.

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PEK

products At a certain stage of our work, we were able to identify one of the main problems of the company – long-term storage of delivered goods in our warehouses. Based on this, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to reduce the time for informing customers. The solution was not to increase the cost of the alert.

The bot from TWIN helped us with these tasks! Firstly, it promptly informs customers that the cargo has been delivered. Secondly, the bot offers to use the services of a courier. It also includes surveys on the quality of services provided.

The result was not long in coming: the storage time of goods in warehouses was reduced by a quarter. Sales of cargo delivery services increased six times! Our plans include further cooperation with TWIN, we will develop and apply technologies in practice.

Golikov S. S.,
Leading Account Analyst

Case: How to issue orders faster and reduce warehouse costs

OKB JSC

OKB JSC expresses its gratitude to TWIN as an expert in its field, which provided a ready-made platform for outgoing communications with the company’s customers, and also regularly introduces new features that improve the business processes of our projects.

I am very glad that in 2021 OKB JSC launched a project based on the TWIN communications platform. Especially for us, a version of the service with special settings and functionality was developed and implemented, which made it possible to show high economic efficiency.

The introduction of voice bots allows you to increase customer coverage, offer them new services and information, as well as increase the number of sales of OKB JSC services, because they can work around the clock without the participation of a living person.

I especially note the high level of professional competence of the TWIN teams, their responsible attitude and coherence in their work. I recommend TWIN (Uralinnovation LLC) as a reliable partner and express my confidence that our jointly achieved success will be strengthened.

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Head of Remote Sales Group, JSC OKB

Case: How a voice bot helps to sell and repay loans

TanukiFamily

The TanukiFamily family of favorite restaurants confirms the successful use of voice bots on the TWIN platform.