Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

Candida is a yeast (a type of fungus) that lives on the skin and can cause an infection. Symptoms of a yeast infection on the face include skin discoloration, skin thickening, and itchiness.

A variety of pathogens live on healthy skin, including bacteria, fungi, and dermatophytes. Typically, these pathogens are not harmful and even provide nutrients for the skin. However, in some situations, they can cause infections.

In this article, we discuss the causes and symptoms of yeast infections on the face and explain the different treatment options.

A yeast infection is an infection of the skin or mucous membranes, such as those inside the mouth or vagina. It occurs due to a fungus from the Candida species.

Candida albicans and other yeasts live on the skin with other pathogens, such as bacteria, dermatophytes, and other fungi, in a well-balanced ecosystem.

When the conditions of the skin change, the usual environment becomes disrupted.

This disruption can allow pathogens, including yeast, to increase in number and cause skin infections.

Yeast infections may occur on the feet or face and in the skin folds. People may also develop yeast infections on the eyelids and the corners of the mouth.

Researchers estimate that yeast skin infections affect about 20–25% of the world’s population.

People with a yeast infection on the face may experience:

• thickening of the skin
• itchiness
• redness

A yeast infection on the face can also occur if a person has developed intertrigo, which can lead to a fungal infection that affects the skin folds of the eyelids.

People with intertrigo on the face may notice:

• mild redness that might worsen over time
• oozing
• crusting
• inflammation, which is typically a sign of infection if it worsens

If a yeast infection follows intertrigo, the person may notice:

• itchiness
• pain
• burning
• thickening of the affected area
• the development of pus filled lesions in the area

Some people may have an acute infection, whereas others, such as those with diabetes or a weakened immune system, may have lingering, chronic yeast infections on the skin.

Infants can also develop a yeast infection called seborrheic dermatitis, which people sometimes refer to as cradle cap. It is a common skin condition that typically affects 10% of children in the first 3 months of their life.

The symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis in infants may include:

• red, scaly patches of skin
• itching
• burning
• small, raised bumps on the skin

Researchers have identified 200 Candida species of yeast, but only some of these can cause yeast infections.

Typically, Candida albicans is responsible for yeast infections on the skin.

The following factors can trigger yeast infections:

• Friction: A yeast infection can occur between folds of skin due to friction.
• Medication: Antibiotics may disrupt the environment of the skin and cause an imbalance of the bacteria and fungi that live on the surface.
• Health conditions: People with a weakened immune system or diabetes may have a higher risk of developing yeast infections on the face.
• Injury to the skin: Injury to the skin and intertrigo can destroy the natural barrier of the skin, which may promote infections.

Factors that may increase the risk of developing yeast infections include:

• excessive sweating, called hyperhidrosis
• poor hygiene
• malnutrition

To treat a yeast infection on the face, people can use antifungal medications.

Topical antifungal products are available in the form of creams, gels, ointments, or sprays that people apply directly to the affected area, such as the face.

People should always be careful when treating facial rashes or skin conditions as the skin on the face is sensitive, particularly around the eyes. Some people may experience reactions to medications or treatments that they apply to the face, even if they do not have a reaction on other parts of their body.

Some infections may require oral or intravenous antifungals.

Examples of antifungals may include:

• econazole (Spectrazole)
• ketoconazole (Nizoral)
• clotrimazole (Canesten)
• terbinafine (Lamisil)
• miconazole (Monistat)
• amphotericin B (Fungizone)
• fluconazole (Diflucan)

If the yeast infection on the face is on a skin fold, such as the eyelid, the person may have developed intertrigo before the infection.

To manage intertrigo, doctors may also recommend minimizing moisture in the area and reducing friction using barrier creams.

However, barrier creams may irritate the area and help the yeast colonize on the skin.

People who want to apply barrier creams to a skin fold should speak to a doctor to make sure that it will not worsen the condition or pose a risk to the eye.

Yeast infections can occur in hot and humid weather. People should ensure that they dry themselves thoroughly after physical activity or sweating.

It is also best to avoid using terbinafine and ciclopirox (Loprox) cream with a cortisone cream because they have stronger anti-inflammatory effects.

People should not use a cortisone cream alone on a fungal infection as the steroid may worsen the infection. If cortisone is necessary, a person should use it alongside an antifungal treatment.

In infants, parents or caregivers can use emollients to treat yeast infections. These will soften and loosen the scales.

Doctors can diagnose a yeast infection on the face by carrying out a physical examination.

Sometimes, doctors will collect samples of the infection to confirm which pathogen caused the infection.

People can often self-diagnose yeast infections because they typically occur in moist or humid areas of the skin, such as the folds.

Applying an over-the-counter topical antifungal, such as clotrimazole, may relieve redness and itchiness, as well as treating the infection. However, before using medication, a person should speak to a doctor.

A person should see a doctor if they notice a rash on their face.

Doctors may want to collect a culture of the skin infection and check the sensitivity to antifungal treatments.

People with chronic infections may consult their doctor to discuss methods of prevention, which include reducing heat and moisture and keeping high risk areas clean and dry.

For most fungal infections, doctors recommend using antifungal treatments for 2–4 weeks. If there is no change, the person should make another doctor’s appointment for further testing.

Some people may experience side effects with antifungal treatments.

Side effects may include:

• rash
• headaches
• dizziness
• fatigue
• irritation
• burning
• itching

If these symptoms appear, people should stop using the medication and speak with a doctor.

Candida albicans is a yeast that causes fungal skin infections on the face.

People may be more likely to develop an infection on their face if they have diabetes, a weakened immune system, an injury, or intertrigo.

Yeast infections may burn, itch, and turn red.

People can treat yeast infections with antifungal creams, but more severe infections may require oral antifungals.

With the correct diagnosis and treatment, a yeast infection on the face may disappear in a few weeks.

Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

Candida is a yeast (a type of fungus) that lives on the skin and can cause an infection. Symptoms of a yeast infection on the face include skin discoloration, skin thickening, and itchiness.

A variety of pathogens live on healthy skin, including bacteria, fungi, and dermatophytes. Typically, these pathogens are not harmful and even provide nutrients for the skin. However, in some situations, they can cause infections.

In this article, we discuss the causes and symptoms of yeast infections on the face and explain the different treatment options.

A yeast infection is an infection of the skin or mucous membranes, such as those inside the mouth or vagina. It occurs due to a fungus from the Candida species.

Candida albicans and other yeasts live on the skin with other pathogens, such as bacteria, dermatophytes, and other fungi, in a well-balanced ecosystem.

When the conditions of the skin change, the usual environment becomes disrupted.

This disruption can allow pathogens, including yeast, to increase in number and cause skin infections.

Yeast infections may occur on the feet or face and in the skin folds. People may also develop yeast infections on the eyelids and the corners of the mouth.

Researchers estimate that yeast skin infections affect about 20–25% of the world’s population.

People with a yeast infection on the face may experience:

• thickening of the skin
• itchiness
• redness

A yeast infection on the face can also occur if a person has developed intertrigo, which can lead to a fungal infection that affects the skin folds of the eyelids.

People with intertrigo on the face may notice:

• mild redness that might worsen over time
• oozing
• crusting
• inflammation, which is typically a sign of infection if it worsens

If a yeast infection follows intertrigo, the person may notice:

• itchiness
• pain
• burning
• thickening of the affected area
• the development of pus filled lesions in the area

Some people may have an acute infection, whereas others, such as those with diabetes or a weakened immune system, may have lingering, chronic yeast infections on the skin.

Infants can also develop a yeast infection called seborrheic dermatitis, which people sometimes refer to as cradle cap. It is a common skin condition that typically affects 10% of children in the first 3 months of their life.

The symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis in infants may include:

• red, scaly patches of skin
• itching
• burning
• small, raised bumps on the skin

Researchers have identified 200 Candida species of yeast, but only some of these can cause yeast infections.

Typically, Candida albicans is responsible for yeast infections on the skin.

The following factors can trigger yeast infections:

• Friction: A yeast infection can occur between folds of skin due to friction.
• Medication: Antibiotics may disrupt the environment of the skin and cause an imbalance of the bacteria and fungi that live on the surface.
• Health conditions: People with a weakened immune system or diabetes may have a higher risk of developing yeast infections on the face.
• Injury to the skin: Injury to the skin and intertrigo can destroy the natural barrier of the skin, which may promote infections.

Factors that may increase the risk of developing yeast infections include:

• excessive sweating, called hyperhidrosis
• poor hygiene
• malnutrition

To treat a yeast infection on the face, people can use antifungal medications.

Topical antifungal products are available in the form of creams, gels, ointments, or sprays that people apply directly to the affected area, such as the face.

People should always be careful when treating facial rashes or skin conditions as the skin on the face is sensitive, particularly around the eyes. Some people may experience reactions to medications or treatments that they apply to the face, even if they do not have a reaction on other parts of their body.

Some infections may require oral or intravenous antifungals.

Examples of antifungals may include:

• econazole (Spectrazole)
• ketoconazole (Nizoral)
• clotrimazole (Canesten)
• terbinafine (Lamisil)
• miconazole (Monistat)
• amphotericin B (Fungizone)
• fluconazole (Diflucan)

If the yeast infection on the face is on a skin fold, such as the eyelid, the person may have developed intertrigo before the infection.

To manage intertrigo, doctors may also recommend minimizing moisture in the area and reducing friction using barrier creams.

However, barrier creams may irritate the area and help the yeast colonize on the skin.

People who want to apply barrier creams to a skin fold should speak to a doctor to make sure that it will not worsen the condition or pose a risk to the eye.

Yeast infections can occur in hot and humid weather. People should ensure that they dry themselves thoroughly after physical activity or sweating.

It is also best to avoid using terbinafine and ciclopirox (Loprox) cream with a cortisone cream because they have stronger anti-inflammatory effects.

People should not use a cortisone cream alone on a fungal infection as the steroid may worsen the infection. If cortisone is necessary, a person should use it alongside an antifungal treatment.

In infants, parents or caregivers can use emollients to treat yeast infections. These will soften and loosen the scales.

Doctors can diagnose a yeast infection on the face by carrying out a physical examination.

Sometimes, doctors will collect samples of the infection to confirm which pathogen caused the infection.

People can often self-diagnose yeast infections because they typically occur in moist or humid areas of the skin, such as the folds.

Applying an over-the-counter topical antifungal, such as clotrimazole, may relieve redness and itchiness, as well as treating the infection. However, before using medication, a person should speak to a doctor.

A person should see a doctor if they notice a rash on their face.

Doctors may want to collect a culture of the skin infection and check the sensitivity to antifungal treatments.

People with chronic infections may consult their doctor to discuss methods of prevention, which include reducing heat and moisture and keeping high risk areas clean and dry.

For most fungal infections, doctors recommend using antifungal treatments for 2–4 weeks. If there is no change, the person should make another doctor’s appointment for further testing.

Some people may experience side effects with antifungal treatments.

Side effects may include:

• rash
• headaches
• dizziness
• fatigue
• irritation
• burning
• itching

If these symptoms appear, people should stop using the medication and speak with a doctor.

Candida albicans is a yeast that causes fungal skin infections on the face.

People may be more likely to develop an infection on their face if they have diabetes, a weakened immune system, an injury, or intertrigo.

Yeast infections may burn, itch, and turn red.

People can treat yeast infections with antifungal creams, but more severe infections may require oral antifungals.

With the correct diagnosis and treatment, a yeast infection on the face may disappear in a few weeks.

Yeast Infection – All You Need to Know

Definition

A yeast infection is commonly referred to as candidiasis. This is a widespread infection caused by the yeast Candida Albicans. Fungal infections are common in warm, moist areas of the body, including the mouth, intestines, vagina, throat, and moist areas of the skin.

Candida usually causes no problems and can live inside the body. Normally, the body’s immune system is actively working to balance the growth of fungi. If the immune system changes, you can get candidiasis. When Candida gets out of control, you may experience a number of problems. Thrush occurs due to the abundance of fungi in the mouth. If it forms in the vagina, it is called a vaginal yeast infection.

Candidiasis is more likely to occur as a secondary infection in immunocompromised people. Candidiasis, moniliosis and thrush are synonymous with candidiasis. These organisms can be found in the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, and other parts of the body.

Fungi become pathogenic only under certain conditions. They can affect the oral cavity, vaginal area, penis, and other parts of the body. Thrush is the name of a type of candidiasis that affects the oral cavity. Oral candidiasis can be pseudomembranous, erythematous, and chronic hyperplastic.

Candidiasis is common in chronically ill people and newborns. It most often appears as white, soft, slightly raised plaques on the tongue and oral mucosa. The plaques look like cottage cheese and are composed of matted masses of fungal hyphae, desquamated epithelium, necrotic debris, keratin, leukocytes, fibrin, and bacteria. When the white plaque is removed, an erythematous area remains.

Antibiotic pain in the mouth is another name for erythematous candidiasis. This occurs after the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or corticosteroids. Lesions present as persistently painful erythematous patches on the tongue, as well as atrophy of the central papillae. When the palate is involved and erythema occurs as a result of contact with the tongue, this is called kissing injury.

Candidiasis leukoplakia, also known as chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, is characterized by hard, white, persistent plaques on the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa. These plaques may be uniform or nodular and may persist for years. This may be a precancerous condition.

Epidemiology of thrush

Candidiasis is more common in the elderly and children. Thrush affects approximately 37% of newborns in the United States during the first few months of their lives. Oral candidiasis is more common in children who use inhaled steroids. Quite common in pregnant women. Thrush can be an early sign of HIV infection. Thrush occurs worldwide and is more common in those who are malnourished. Thrush affects both men and women.

How does a yeast infection occur?

Yeast infections can occur for a number of reasons. As a result of fluctuations in hormones in some women, they appear during the menstrual cycle or during pregnancy. Some birth control pills can also make you more likely to develop a yeast infection.

Candida (yeast) is a form of fungus that can survive almost anywhere. It is normally present in the body; however, the immune system prevents it from spreading out of reach. Thus, infection occurs as most of the yeast multiplies inside the vagina.

Thrush can occur due to an imbalance in the natural balance between yeast and bacteria in the vagina. For example, antibiotics used to treat any bacterial infection can also kill lactobacilli. These are beneficial bacteria found in the vagina that inhibit the growth of yeast.

Fungal infections may be exacerbated by conditions that compromise the immune system, including sexually transmitted diseases. Women with diabetes who do not control their blood sugar are also at greater risk. This is due to the fact that elevated sugar levels stimulate the growth of yeast.

Yeast infections can sometimes also occur on the scrotum and penis, although this is less common. They can cause inflammation and redness around the penis or scrotum.

Generally, yeast infections are not STDs. They are not contagious and cannot be transmitted during sexual intercourse. However, intercourse can sometimes lead to fungal infections. This is because the body can react negatively to someone else’s natural genital yeast or bacteria, causing the yeast to develop.

Yeast infection risk factors

The following factors may increase your chances of getting a yeast infection;

Use of antibiotics. Yeast infections are common in women who take antibiotics frequently. Broad-spectrum antibiotics that kill all bacteria often kill the good bacteria in the vagina, leading to yeast overgrowth.

High estrogen levels. In most cases, yeast infections are more common in women with higher estrogen levels. This includes pregnant women or women taking high doses of birth control or estrogen hormones.

Uncontrolled diabetes. Most women with poorly controlled blood sugar levels are more prone to yeast infections than women with well controlled blood sugar levels.

Immune system dysfunction: Women with weakened immune systems, including those due to corticosteroid injections and HIV infection, are most likely to develop yeast infections.

Types of yeast infections

Thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis):

Thrush is an infection that occurs when Candida is spread in the throat and mouth. It is more common in the elderly, newborns, and people with weakened immune systems.

Oral candidiasis is a fungus that affects the oral mucosa and is one of the most common fungal infections. These ulcers are caused by the yeast Candida albicans. Candida albicans is a common component of the normal oral microbiota, with 30 to 50 percent of people carrying the fungus. With the age of the patient, the frequency of carriage increases. Candida albicans is found on the lips in 60% of patients over 60 with dentures.

In addition, adults are more likely to get thrush if they;

• Under treatment for cancer
• Taking medications such as corticosteroids or broad-spectrum antibiotics.
• Have diabetes
• Wearing dentures

Thrush may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. However, as the infection worsens, you may develop one or more of the following signs and symptoms;

• White or yellow bumps around the tongue, cheeks, lips, tonsils or gums
• If the bumps of the yeast infection are scraped off, you may have some bleeding.
• Burning and sore mouth
• Cotton sensation in the mouth
• Cracked and dry skin around the corners of the mouth
• Problems with swallowing
• Having an unpleasant taste in the mouth
• Loss of taste

In some cases, thrush can also affect the esophagus, although this is rare. A similar fungus associated with oral thrush can also cause a yeast infection in another part of the body.

Yeast infection is contagious to people who are at higher risk. This includes people with compromised body immune systems or who use certain medications. The infection is rarely transmitted through kissing or other intimate contact in healthy people. In most cases, thrush is not contagious, but it can still spread.

If you are afraid of contracting thrush from an infected person, refrain from contact with his saliva. When you are in close proximity to a person with thrush, it is recommended that you wash your hands as often as possible.

• Difference between “oral yeast infection” and “strep” infection.

A bacterial infection of the throat causes soreness and inflammation of the throat. Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic oral infection that often co-occurs with staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria.

• Oral Yeast Infection and Simple Tongue Ulcer

Ulcers are painful sores that develop in the inside of the mouth. Ulcers are caused by stress, minor trauma to the inside of the mouth, sour fruits and vegetables, and hot, spicy foods.

Genital yeast infection or genital candidiasis:

Approximately 3 out of every four adult women will develop a yeast infection at any time in their lives. This happens if there is so much yeast growing in the vagina. Genital yeast infections can also occur in men, but are much less common.

Thrush usually occurs when the vaginal balance changes. Diabetes, pregnancy, use of certain medications, spermicides, lubricants, or a weakened immune system can contribute to this. Sometimes the infection can be passed from one person to another during sexual intercourse.

A vaginal or genital yeast infection can be associated with numerous signs and symptoms:

• Itching sensation in the vaginal and vulvar area.
• White and thick cheesy vaginal discharge.
• Swelling of the vulva and vagina.
• Small cracks and tiny cuts in the skin around the vulva due to looseness of the skin.
• Burning sensation in thrush, especially when urinating
• In some cases, pain during intercourse may be associated with a vaginal yeast infection.

Invasive candidiasis:

Candida yeast can spread to the heart, eyes, blood, bones and brain if it enters the bloodstream. This can happen through medical instruments or devices, resulting in a severe fatal infection.

This usually occurs in patients who have been hospitalized or live in a medical facility such as a nursing home. You are more likely to have invasive candidiasis, especially if you have a weakened immune system, diabetes, kidney disease, or are taking antibiotics.

Fever and chills are some of the signs and symptoms of invasive candidiasis. Although a person with this infection is likely to develop another disease, it can be difficult to diagnose.

Diaper rash due to yeast infection:

Diaper rash usually occurs when a wet or dirty diaper is left on the baby for an extended period of time. When a child’s skin becomes irritated, infection becomes more likely. If the diaper rash persists, examine the child and check for reddened perineal skin. Also check for raised red borders on sores. If this is the case, ask the pediatrician to examine the child for candidiasis.

In general, the best way to avoid candidiasis and diaper rash is to keep your baby’s bottom clean and dry at all times.

Yeast infection symptoms

Intense itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva, burning sensation when urinating, which can be mistaken for a urinary tract infection. Vaginal discomfort or pain, a dry, erythematous rash, and a thick, white, cheesy discharge are all symptoms of vulvovaginitis.

Candida can also cause thrush, which is characterized by a white or yellow rash on the tongue and mucous membranes of the mouth, and redness and cracking pain around the corners of the mouth. In this case, it spreads into the oropharynx, causing discomfort when swallowing. Infants, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems are all susceptible to candidiasis. Fever, chills, hypotension, and confusion are all symptoms of systemic candidemia.

Candidal infection of the larynx is rare. Women suffer the most. They often express dysphoria. It is closely related to gastric reflux or a history of inhaled corticosteroid use. The presence of leukoplastic lesions can lead to damage to the glottis.

Diagnosis of thrush

To effectively diagnose a yeast infection, a gynecologist or other healthcare professional may;

• Ask about your general medical history . This usually includes getting the necessary information about previous yeast infections and any STIs.
• Gynecological examination. During the diagnosis, the doctor will evaluate the external genitalia for signs of a yeast infection. After that, he or she may insert a device known as a speculum into the vagina to examine the cervix and vagina. The cervix is ​​the lower and narrower region of the uterus.
• Examination of vaginal discharge. If necessary, the doctor may take a sample of vaginal secretions to analyze the types of fungus, which will further provoke an infection. Determining the types of fungus allows a doctor to prescribe appropriate forms of treatment for recurrent yeast infections.

Yeast Infection Treatment

Yeast infection treatment usually depends on the type and nature of the infection, whether it is complex or uncomplicated.

For a less complex yeast infection, treatment includes two approaches including oral therapy and topical vaginal treatment. A short course of vaginal therapy is usually appropriate for treating an uncomplicated yeast infection.

Alternative medicine for yeast infection or over-the-counter yeast infection medications include butoconazole (ginazol-1), clotrimazole (gynelothrimine), miconazole (monistat 3) and terconazole (terazol 3). In addition, clotrimazole, monistat 3 and terciflunomide can be purchased online.

The effectiveness of oral and topical therapy is the same, although oral preparations are more expensive. Fluconazole should not be given during the first trimester of pregnancy. Fluconazole is taken on days 1, 4, and 7 for recurrent vaginal candida infection, and then monthly for six months.

Oral thrush can similarly be treated with oral lozenges as a replacement dosage form. Oral or intravenous antifungals such as caspofungin, fluconazole, and amphotericin B are used to treat systemic candidiasis.

In the case of fungal stomatitis, the patient should stop using a denture for at least two weeks and apply topical antifungal drugs. Loss of vertical dimension of the jaw causes angular cheilitis. As a result, when the infection subsides, it is necessary to fabricate a new denture with suitable vertical dimensions. Probiotics may be used as an adjunct in the treatment of oral thrush.

Complex yeast infection:

Treatment of complex yeast infection will require long-term vaginal treatment or multi-dose oral formulas. Maintenance medications may be recommended. Such drugs are used daily to prevent the recurrence of the disease.

Long-term vaginal therapy consists of 7-14 days of complex treatment using tablets, vaginal cream, thrush suppositories or ointment. Instead of direct vaginal treatment, two or three oral doses of fluconazole can sometimes be given. When symptoms are severe, a doctor may recommend topical steroids for a few days to relieve symptoms until antifungal treatment is effective.

Check if fungal infections are causing symptoms before taking antifungals. This is because overuse of antifungal medications can increase the chance of yeast resistance. This means that drugs can no longer function in the body in the way that they will in the future.

When maintenance prescriptions are needed, they should begin after completion of one of the above forms of treatment. This may be weekly oral fluconazole therapy for six months or weekly vaginal therapy with clotrimazole.

If your partner is showing symptoms of a yeast infection, they should also be treated. In this case, it is often recommended to use a condom.

Yeast Infection Prevention

Although there is no sure way to avoid a Candida infection, there are certain things you can do to reduce your chances of getting a vaginal yeast infection. In most cases, women at risk are strongly advised to:

• Refrain from douching
• Avoid using feminine deodorants, tampons, or deodorant pads.
• Wear underwear made from cotton or other natural fabrics.
• Wear slightly loose and fitted trousers and skirts.
• Wash underwear at high temperatures
• Refrain from wearing tight underwear or tights
• Eat a balanced, varied diet
• Change wet clothing, such as bathing suits, as soon as possible.
• Avoid hot tubs and hot tubs if possible.

Health care providers may recommend oral or intravaginal probiotics for women with more than three infections per year. Also, if you notice or suspect any symptoms and signs of a yeast infection, talk to your doctor right away about a proper diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis

Pustular psoriasis, subcorneal pustulosis, and acute generalized basal pustulosis can all cause a spongy rash. To exclude the fungal etiology of psoriasis, certain dyes should be applied.

Impetigo is also spongy. Gram stain can be used to detect bacterial colonies in impetigo, although GMS and PAS stains do not stain fungal forms.

Tinea cruris and corporis are known for their spongy shape. Without developing candida yeast, special staining reveals septate hyphae. Sometimes it can be difficult to tell the difference. Candida infiltrates the keratinized epithelium, while dermatophytosis more often affects the stratum corneum.

It is difficult for an otolaryngologist to make a correct diagnosis of laryngeal candidiasis, a high degree of alertness is required. Patients with predisposed characteristics who present with a suspected lesion should include the disease in the differential diagnosis.

Prognosis

Although the most common candidal infections are localized, vaginal and skin infections are also common. As a result, antifungal drugs can be used to treat them, resulting in complete recovery and excellent prognosis and outcomes. Candida infection, if left untreated, can spread to other organs and cause systemic disease.

The extent and location of the Candida infection, the general health of the victim, and the timing of diagnosis and treatment all play a role in the long-term prognosis of systemic candidiasis.

Nearly a third of patients with candidemia develop septic shock as a result of host characteristics, including age and source of infection, rather than virulence characteristics of the organisms.

Complications of yeast infections

Complications of a yeast infection may occur in the following cases:

• If you have extreme signs and symptoms, including widespread redness, itching, and swelling that cause cracks, tears, and sores.
• Four or more episodes of yeast infections within one year
• Infection due to less common forms of fungus.
• Pregnancy
• Compromised body immune system due to certain medications or health conditions such as HIV infection.
• Uncontrolled diabetes

Is thrush contagious?

Although yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), they are still contagious. Thrush can be transmitted through oral and vaginal sex. Also, a yeast infection is spread through sex toys or kissing someone who has oral candidiasis.

A baby may develop a fungal diaper rash during childbirth if the mother had vaginal thrush during childbirth. Also, if you have a Candida overgrowth around your breast area, you can pass the disease to your baby by mouth while breastfeeding.

Although a yeast infection can be passed from one person to another, it is not contagious like other diseases. Therefore, you will not get an infection through the air or from sharing a shower with someone who has it.

Yeast infections in men

Yeast infections in men can develop and affect the penis. When this happens, the condition is called a penile yeast infection. Candida is in all organs, not only in women. Yeast infection can result from overgrowth of this fungus. Due to moisture and skin folds, the groin area is particularly vulnerable to Candida overgrowth.

Yeast infections in women

Yeast infections in women are common. According to studies, three out of four women may have more than two vaginal yeast infections in their lifetime. Despite their widespread occurrence, it is extremely important to treat vaginal yeast infections as soon as possible. You will not only be able to relieve unpleasant symptoms, but you will also be able to minimize the possibility of the spread of the disease in the body.

Yeast infections in children

Yeast infections are usually associated with vaginal infections, but they can also affect children. Diaper rash is the most common yeast infection in children. However, not all diaper rash is caused by yeast overgrowth.

Sometimes your baby’s skin becomes excessively red and blotchy around the diaper or groin area, even after diaper rash cream is applied. With this, you will be able to determine if the disorder is more than a typical diaper rash. In other cases, a yeast infection may also occur in other skin folds, including under the armpits.

Your child’s pediatrician will likely recommend a topical antifungal cream to help fight fungal skin infections. If a child has oral candidiasis or a yeast infection in the mouth, oral treatment may be needed. While a yeast infection rash in children is usually harmless, it can be more serious if left untreated.

Thrush and intercourse

Fungal infection is not sexually transmitted. However, infection is possible after sexual intercourse. On the other hand, other factors can upset the balance of Candida in the vagina. The bacteria can be transmitted through vaginal intercourse, fingers, and sex toys.

Another risk is vaginal intercourse with a partner who has a penile yeast infection. A man can also get a penile yeast infection from a partner with a vaginal yeast infection. In addition, bacteria in the mouth, vaginal area, and also in the penis area can be destroyed by oral sex.

It is also likely that a yeast infection after sex is not associated with other symptoms. Sexual intercourse is just one of the major risk factors for a yeast infection.

Fungal infection and urinary tract infection (UTI)

UTI is one of the most common infections affecting most women. While it is possible to get one or both diseases at the same time, yeast infections and UTIs are two different diseases.

A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection that develops in the urinary system. The urethra, bladder and kidneys are part of this complex structure. UTIs can also occur due to a variety of factors, including sexual intercourse, STIs, and lack of regular urination.

The signs and symptoms of a UTI are different from those of a yeast infection. As long as there is no visible discharge from a yeast infection, you may notice a small trace of blood in your urine. In addition to regular urination, a UTI can cause pain in the pelvis as well as in the abdomen.

A UTI can cause serious kidney problems if left untreated. Antibiotics must be obtained from a physician. Also, ask your doctor about the differences between a yeast infection and a urinary tract infection.

How do you tell a “yeast infection” from a “chlamydia” infection?

Yeast infections cause thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, while chlamydia can cause white, green, or yellow discharge. Gonorrhea discharge is white or green.

Thrush and menstrual periods

Having a yeast infection and menstruating at the same time can seem like a disaster. This, however, is rare. Yeast infections are common in women in the last days before menstruation.

Hormonal fluctuations are believed to be the cause of thrush before menstruation. This creates an imbalance of good bacteria in the vagina.

If you have white or yellow discharge about a week before your cycle, it may not always be due to a yeast infection. What matters is whether you already have these telltale signs, including redness, itching, or burning.

Although it may be uncomfortable, early treatment can clear up the yeast infection before your next period. Check with your doctor if signs of a yeast infection persist after a cycle is completed. You may also notice them if you continue to get thrush every month before your period.

Yeast infection during pregnancy

Due to the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy, yeast infections are normal. If you are pregnant and think you have a yeast infection, you should consult your doctor and get a proper diagnosis.

Thrush during pregnancy is not treated in the same way as in non-pregnant women. Because of the potential risk of birth defects in the fetus, you will not be able to use oral antifungals. Doctors often recommend using topical antifungals during pregnancy.

Although yeast infections will not harm the baby, Candida can be passed at birth. Therefore, as a result of this, the child may develop diaper rash or stomatitis. Therefore, it is very important to treat a yeast infection as soon as possible during pregnancy to avoid complications.

Intestinal yeast infection

In immunocompromised individuals, fungal infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Invasive fungal infections, especially of the gastrointestinal tract, have become more common as the number of immunocompromised people has grown.

Mushroom growth in the intestines is also possible. As a result, candida may appear in your stool. When patients develop symptoms of colon inflammation, especially if they are immunosuppressed, doctors should be aware of the possibility of this fungal disease.

Yeast Infection Diet

It is possible that the foods you eat are contributing to the development of a yeast infection. Sugar is the favorite of yeast. Avoiding the foods listed below (sometimes called the Candida diet) will help you control the development of yeast in your body:

• White flour and rice
• Foods or drinks fermented with yeast
• Products consisting of simple sugars

While avoiding certain foods can help you avoid a yeast infection, sticking to this diet can be difficult. Fortunately, you may not need to completely avoid these foods to reduce the frequency or severity of yeast infections. It may be helpful to simply reduce the amount of these foods.

It may also be helpful to increase your intake of healthy proteins and fats, as well as low starch fruits and vegetables. You don’t have to starve on a low sugar diet; you just need to consume more from other food categories.

When to see a doctor?

You should contact your doctor immediately if;

• You are experiencing signs and symptoms of a yeast infection for the first time
• You are not sure if you have a yeast infection.
• Symptoms do not improve after using over-the-counter antifungal vaginal creams and suppositories.
• Other symptoms appear.

Conclusions

Fungal infection occurs in any part of the body due to overgrowth of yeast. This is the most common infection caused by the yeast Candida Albicans. Fungal infections can develop in the mouth, vagina, underarms, and other moist areas of the skin.

Yeast infections are generally normal, but early treatment can help relieve symptoms in a short period of time. You can also avoid potential conditions by identifying your risk factors. If you have recurrent yeast infections that last more than two months, see your doctor.

Yeast infections: diseases, treatment and preparations

Where can I buy?

Encyclopedia

Fungus

Skin and/or mucous membrane lesions caused by yeast fungi are called yeast infections.

The author of the article

Moshkova Elena Mikhailovna

Dermatovenereologist, head of the KDO for the provision of paid services, St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution of Health “City Dermatovenerologic Dispensary”, St. Petersburg.

What yeast-like fungi cause diseases in humans

Both bacteria and fungal microorganisms normally live on human skin. In small quantities, they are part of the normal microflora of the skin. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi can also live on the skin without causing any skin disease. However, if adverse factors occur (decreased immunity, impaired microflora), fungi begin to actively multiply, their number increases and leads to the development of the disease.

How is skin fungus treated? Watch in a two-minute video with Doctor of Medicine, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences Olga Borisovna Tamrazova

Fungi of the genus Malassezia

Yeast-like fungi of the genus Malassezia – the cause of skin dermatosis: seborrheic dermatitis and versicolor (pityriasis) versicolor 90 050 . Approximately 20% of people experience occasional cases of seborrheic dermatitis. And 10% of the population suffers from versicolor (pityriasis) versicolor ³ .

Fungi of the genus Candida

Yeast fungi of the genus Candida – causative agents of candidiasis of the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. Fungi of the genus Candida are conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, for the existence of which the presence of oxygen in the environment is an optional condition. This explains the possibility of candidiasis of internal organs.

Up to 30-50% of the population carry Candida on their skin. This type of fungus can colonize the mucous membrane of the mouth, intestines, and the genitourinary system.

How Candida fungi affect human health

Cause itching and dry skin

Cause white coating on the tongue and bad breath

Contribute to vaginal candidiasis

Affect the feet

900 02 Of the 150 existing species of Candida, 20 species are the causative agents of candidiasis . Most often, Candida albicans, C.tropicalis, C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata ¹ are found in patients.

Skin may show C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondii, C. kefyr ¹ . However, skin candidiasis usually develops due to the presence of Candida albicans , other types of Candida cause skin lesions much less ¹ .

The cause of candidiasis of the genitourinary system in almost 90% of people is C. albicans, in 10% – C. krusei, C. glabrata and others ¹ .

Locations of yeast infections. Symptoms

Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis most often occurs on the face and scalp. But the process can be widespread and localized in other seborrheic areas of the body (skin of the back, chest). Rashes are represented by pink spots with peeling on the surface. Sometimes the inflammation is so severe that itching and excessive moisture of the skin (weeping) appear. Often the only manifestation of seborrheic dermatitis is dandruff.

Pityriasis versicolor (pityriasis)

With versicolor versicolor, there is no skin inflammation, so patients are only concerned about the aesthetic component of dermatosis. Spots up to 1 cm usually appear on parts of the body with excessive sweating. The color of the rashes can vary from beige to pink, over time the spots merge into large foci.

Candidiasis of the skin and oral mucosa

Candidiasis of the skin often occurs in the interdigital, axillary, inguinal folds, on the skin under the mammary glands, the fold of the abdomen.

Large fold candidiasis

Large fold candidiasis Doctors also call Candida intertrigo ² . At the bottom of the fold, small bubbles appear, which open up, exposing bright pink with a bluish tinge of skin erosion. Over time, defects in the upper layer of the skin increase in size, merge and can completely spread to the entire surface of a large fold. The erosive surface is wet with a lacquer sheen. A whitish coating may be present. On the periphery of candidal foci, screenings can be found – islands of skin with small vesicles, pustules or small erosions.

Candidiasis of the interdigital folds of the hands often occurs in housewives, catering workers. The predisposing factor is constant contact with water. Often only one interdigital fold on the “working” hand is affected. There is redness, itching, there may be cracks.

Smooth skin candidiasis

Smooth skin candidiasis is more often a complication of an underlying dermatological disease, such as atopic dermatitis or due to the spread of a fungal infection from the skin of large folds.

Candidiasis of the nail folds and nails

Redness, swelling, pain appear at the site of the fungus penetration into the skin of the periungual fold. When pressing on the periungual roller, there are no purulent compartments, in contrast to inflammation of a bacterial nature. And brownish transverse grooves appear on the nail plate, the nail thickens, loses its luster.

Urogenital candidiasis

This disease does not apply to infections that are sexually transmitted ² .

In men, candidal balanitis, balanoposthitis and urethritis are more common.

Men report the following symptoms: ³

• Redness, whitish coating, swelling, itching, burning in the area of ​​the glans penis
• Painful urination and intercourse

See how thrush is treated in a short video by professor, doctor of medical sciences, Evgenia Valerievna Shikh

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush) occurs in women – Candida fungi damage the mucous membrane of the external genitalia and vagina.

More than 70% of women have had an episode of urogenital candidiasis at least once in their lives. And 15% of them had repeated episodes of this disease ³ .

Women note: ³

• White cheesy discharge from the genital tract
• Itching, burning
• Painful urination and intercourse

Predisposing factors for yeast infections

Predisposing factors for yeast infections: ³

• Long-term antibiotic therapy
• Taking anticancer drugs (cytostatics)
• Uncompensated diabetes mellitus
• Immunodeficiency
• Hormonal disorders

Predisposing factors for skin candidiasis include: prolonged contact with water, skin abrasions, excess weight. For the development of oral candidiasis – traumatization of the mucous membrane, for example, when wearing dentures, braces.

Diagnosis of yeast infections

Diagnosis of skin candidiasis is based on the clinical picture of the disease. The doctor may additionally prescribe a skin scraping test for the presence of Candida fungi.

In the diagnosis of urogenital candidiasis, microscopic and cultural methods with the determination of the species of the Candida genus and its sensitivity to antifungal drugs are of great importance ³ . And with the help of special test systems, you can detect DNA fragments of the causative agent of urogenital candidiasis.

Diagnosis of diseases caused by fungi of the genus Malassezia is based on examination of skin manifestations, dermatoscopy, examination of skin scrapings for fungi, determination of the Besnier phenomenon (peeling of the rash when scraped with a fingernail or spatula) and Balzer’s test (5% alcohol solution of iodine is applied to the affected area with Entrapment of healthy skin. Increased staining of the rash compared to areas of healthy skin indicates the presence of fungi of the genus Malassezia).

Treatment of yeast infections

Treatment of skin candidiasis consists of:

1) Use of topical antifungals in the form of cream/ointment, solution, spray

3) Elimination or correction of provoking factors

Treatment of urogenital candidiasis consists of:0003

2) Prescription of anti-allergic drugs

3) Vitamin therapy

(In some cases, immunomodulatory drugs are recommended)

, creams, ointments) and for oral administration (tablets, capsules). Most often, it is possible to solve the problem with external antifungal agents. However, with widespread rashes, severe persistent course, drugs are prescribed for oral administration

The use of antiseptic or antibacterial drugs when connecting a bacterial infection to the weeping areas of the skin

of the use of combined drugs containing anti -inflammatory hormone, antibiotic and antifungal components, if skin soreness occurs

for candidiasis of the skin, seborrheic dermatitis, multi -colored) external antifungal medicines: sertaconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine. For example, appointment Zalain ^® cream 2% (sertaconazole) promotes healing better than other drugs (versus clotrimazole) ⁵ .

Sertaconazole-based cream (Zalain®) for yeast infections

Sertaconazole-based products (Zalain ^® ) are available in the form of suppositories and cream.

When Zalain ^® cream is used topically for two weeks, the components of the drug are not detected in the blood and urine, which indicates a high safety profile of the drug ⁷ .

Sertaconazole has a triple action: it prevents the growth and reproduction of fungi, promotes their death, and also prevents the transition of fungi from a passive form to a pathogenic one (only for fungi of the genus Candida) ¹⁵ .

Instruction

Zalain ^® Yeast Infection Cream

How to use Zalain Cream ^®

For skin candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor Zalain ^® cream is applied 2 times a day in a thin layer covering healthy skin for 2-4 weeks ⁶ .

Topical and systemic antifungal therapy may be indicated for the treatment of urogenital candidiasis.

Urogenital candidiasis in men can be treated externally:

• Zalain ^® cream is applied 2 times a day in a thin layer for 14 days ⁶ .

Has a triple effect: antifungal, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory

Used 1-2 times a day

Where to buy Zalain ^® Cream for the treatment of yeast infections

or

Find the nearest pharmacy

Zalain ^® Suppositories

Sertaconazole-based cream (Zalain ^® ) for the treatment of fungal infections al tablets or suppositories (suppositories).

Doctors also recommend vaginal suppositories based on sertaconazole (Zalain ^® ). One suppository is inserted into the vagina 1 time. The use of 1 vaginal suppository is explained by the fact that sertaconazole has a high lipophilicity – it dissolves well in lipid (fat) cell structures. Due to this, the drug remains in the vaginal mucosa for a long time (7 days) at a therapeutic concentration, having a triple mechanism of action on Candida fungi. For women, this prescription of the drug is very convenient.

Unlike other drugs for the treatment of urogenital candidiasis, the effect of Zalain ^® suppositories is observed with a single application of ⁷ . If necessary (maintenance of clinical symptoms), treatment can be repeated after 1 week ⁷ . The doctor may recommend Zalain ^® suppositories to pregnant women if necessary.

The use of specially adapted intimate hygiene gels helps maintain a healthy microflora of the vulva and resist infections.

Only 1 suppository per course

Local effect of the drug

No absorption of sertaconazole into the bloodstream ¹³

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation*

Where to buy Zalain ^® Candles

Instruction

Why is 1 candle valid for 7 days?

Zalagel ^® Intim

Antiseptic properties of components Zalagel ^® Intim

Zalagel ^® Intim gel-soap, gently cleanses the skin of the intimate area, has a calming effect ohm and helps to reduce the feeling of discomfort.

U Zalagel ^® Intim Slightly alkaline pH (8-9), creating a destructive environment for fungi of the genus Candida (causative agents of thrush). The betaine component, which is part of the gel, prevents dryness of the intimate area, maintains the physiological balance of the skin and mucous membranes.

Gently cleanses the intimate area

Creates a destructive environment for fungi of the Candida genus

Protects the female genital organs from infections

Tea tree oil in the composition of the product has an antibacterial and antiviral effect

Reduces itching and irritation 9000 3

Where to buy Zalagel ^® Intimacy

or

Find the nearest pharmacy

Instruction

Answers to questions

How to understand that thrush has become chronic?

Answer: Four or more episodes of thrush per year are in favor of chronic recurrent urogenital candidiasis.

How long does versicolor treatment take?

Answer: Treatment of multicolored lichen, as a rule, consists in prescribing external antifungal therapy. The duration of treatment is selected individually and usually lasts at least 2 weeks.

Is it possible to wet the skin with candidiasis of the folds?

Answer: In the acute period of the disease, until the skin process stabilizes, it is necessary to limit contact with water.

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Sources

1. Russian clinical guidelines.
2. Textbook “Skin and venereal diseases” edited by O.L. Ivanov., 2010.
3. National Guide to Dermatovenereology edited by prof. Yu.S. Butova, acad. RAMS Yu. K. Skripkina, prof. O.L. Ivanov.
4. Clinical guidelines of the Russian Federation, Urogenital candidiasis 2019
5. Efficacy and safety study of Zalain® 2% cream in the treatment of skin mycoses. IG Sergeeva, Yu. M. Krinitsyna Novosibirsk State University.
6. Register of Medicines of Russia, official instructions for the active substance Sertaconazole.
7. Register of Medicines of Russia, official instructions for Zalain® 2% cream.
8. Register of Medicines of Russia, official instructions Zalain 300 mg, vaginal suppositories.
9. RMJ No. 9, 2015. “Vulvovaginal candidiasis. The use of Zalain in clinical practice. E. S. Vanke, N. S. Vanke.
10. Mondello F, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A, Cassone A, Salvatore G. In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida sp. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:158.
11. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. In vitro susceptibilities of lactobacilli and organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:196.
12. Pena EF. Melaleuca alternifolia oil. Its use for trichomonal vaginitis and other vaginal infections. Obstet Gynecol 1962;19:793-5.
13. Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils.