Tonsillitis – Illnesses & conditions

There’s no specific treatment for tonsillitis and most cases get better within a week without treatment.

While waiting for the infection to clear up, there are a number of things you can do to help relieve your symptoms (see below).

If your child has tonsillitis, make sure they have plenty to eat and drink, even if they find it painful to swallow. Being hungry and dehydrated can make other symptoms, such as headaches and tiredness, worse.

Self-help

Over-the-counter painkillers, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, can help relieve painful symptoms such as a sore throat.

If treating your children with painkillers, it’s important to use the correct type and dosage. Younger children only need small dosages. Your pharmacist can advise you about this.

Children under 16 years of age shouldn’t be given aspirin.

Over-the-counter treatments that can soothe a sore throat, such as lozenges and oral sprays, are also available. Some people find that gargling with a mild antiseptic solution can also relieve a sore throat.

Alternatively, you could try gargling with warm, salty water. Mix half a teaspoon of salt (2.5g) with a quarter of a litre (eight ounces) of water. It’s important not to swallow the water, so this method may not be suitable for younger children.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics may not be prescribed, even if tests confirm your tonsillitis is caused by a bacterial infection. The two main reasons for this are:

• in most cases, antibiotics won’t speed up the recovery, but they can cause unpleasant side effects, such as stomach pain and feeling sick
• the more an antibiotic is used to treat a non-serious infection, the greater the chance it won’t be effective in treating more serious infections; this is known as antibiotic resistance

However, exceptions are usually made if:

• symptoms are severe
• symptoms show no sign of easing
• you or your child has a weakened immune system

In these circumstances, a 10-day course of penicillin is usually recommended. If you or your child is known to be allergic to penicillin, an alternative antibiotic, such as erythromycin, can be used.

Hospital treatment may be required for particularly severe or persistent cases of bacterial tonsillitis that don’t respond to oral antibiotics. In these cases, intravenous antibiotics (given directly into a vein) may be needed.

Antibiotics sometimes cause mild side effects, such as an upset stomach, diarrhoea or a rash.

Surgery

Surgery to remove the tonsils is known as a tonsillectomy.

For children with mild sore throats, watchful waiting is recommended rather than a tonsillectomy.

A tonsillectomy is only considered for a recurrent sore throat if certain criteria are met. You must have:

• a sore throat caused by tonsillitis
• episodes of sore throat that are disabling and stop you functioning normally
• seven or more well-documented, clinically significant, adequately treated sore throats in the preceding year or
• five or more such episodes in each of the preceding two years or
• three or more such episodes in each of the preceding three years

Tonsillectomies are carried out under general anaesthetic, which means you’ll be asleep during the procedure. Your mouth will be held open to allow the surgeon to see your tonsils and no cuts will be made in your skin.

The operation can be carried out in a number of ways, as described below.

• Cold steel surgery – this is the most common method, where a surgical blade is used to cut the tonsils out. Bleeding is controlled by applying pressure or the blood vessels may be sealed using heat generated by diathermy.
• Diathermy – a diathermy probe is used to destroy the tissue around the tonsils and to remove the tonsils. At the same time, the heat seals the blood vessels to stop any bleeding.
• Coblation (or cold ablation) – this method works in a similar way to diathermy, but uses a lower temperature (60C). It’s considered less painful than diathermy.
• Lasers – high-energy laser beams are used to cut away the tonsils and seal the underlying blood vessels shut.
• Ultrasound – high-energy ultrasound waves are used in a similar way to lasers.

Each of these techniques is relatively similar in terms of safety, results and recovery, so the type of surgery used will depend on the expertise and training of the surgeon.

You’ll usually be able to leave hospital on the same day as you have surgery, or the day after.

After surgery

After surgery, it’s likely you’ll experience some pain at the site of the operation. This can last for up to a week. Painkillers can help to relieve the pain.

Children who have had a tonsillectomy should be kept off school for two weeks. This is to reduce their risk of picking up an infection from another child that will make them feel more uncomfortable.

Swallowing will probably be difficult after having a tonsillectomy. However, it’s important to eat solid foods, because it will help your throat to heal more quickly. Drink plenty of fluids, but avoid acidic drinks, such as orange juice, because they’ll sting.

Ensuring good oral hygiene by regularly brushing your teeth and using mouthwash can help prevent infection in the mouth.

The pain usually gets worse during the first week after having a tonsillectomy, before gradually improving during the second week. Earache is common with tonsillectomies, but isn’t a cause for concern.

Post-operative bleeding

Bleeding at the site where the tonsils were removed is a fairly common complication of a tonsillectomy. This can occur during the first 24 hours following surgery or up to 10 days afterwards.

It’s estimated that around 1 in 100 children and 1 in 30 adults will experience post-operative bleeding after having a tonsillectomy.

Minor bleeding isn’t usually a cause for concern, because in most cases it resolves by itself. Gargling with cold water can often help stem the bleeding, because the cold helps to contract the blood vessels.

Occasionally, the bleeding can be more severe, causing people to cough up blood. Seek immediate medical advice if this happens. You should be given an emergency contact number before you’re discharged from hospital. Alternatively, you can call NHS 24’s ‘111’ service.

Extensive bleeding may need to be treated with surgery or a blood transfusion.

What You Need to Know

Tonsils are the two soft tissue masses in the back of your throat. (1) They’re part of your lymphatic system, and they’re the body’s first line of defense in fighting off infection because they’re designed to protect you from germs that try to enter your system. Tonsillitis is when there is either inflammation or an infection of the tonsils, and it’s usually (but not always) caused by a virus.

RELATED: What Causes Tonsillitis 

Most of the time tonsillitis will go away on its own in about five to seven days, explains James Clark, MBBCh, an assistant professor of otolaryngology at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. Home remedies for managing tonsillitis symptoms include getting rest, staying hydrated, gargling with salt water, using a humidifier to eliminate dry air (which can further irritate a sore throat), and treating pain and fever with ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol). (2)

If your sore throat seems to keep getting worse (or has not improved after about three days), you’re in a lot of pain when you eat or drink, or you have a fever of at least 101 degrees F, you’ll want to see your doctor to get it checked out, Dr. Clark says. Here’s what to expect.

Doctors Diagnose Tonsillitis by Physical Exam and Usually Perform a Throat Swab, Too

Tonsillitis is most often a clinical diagnosis, which means it is usually diagnosed based on signs and symptoms of tonsillitis, so your doctor will start by asking you about your symptoms and giving you a physical exam, says Nicholas Rowan, MD, an associate professor of otolaryngology at John Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore.

“I make sure to look in the back of their throat to see if the tonsils are red or inflamed, and have white patches or some [pus],” Dr. Rowan says. “I look to see if one side is more swollen than the other and feel their neck to check for swollen lymph nodes.”

Your doctor will also likely do a throat swab, which, like it sounds, is when the doctor uses a cotton swab to collect a sample of fluids from the back of the throat. (3) The doctor can perform a rapid strep test on the sample in the office  — looking for strep throat — and report the results to you within minutes. Your doctor may also send the sample to a lab for a more reliable and comprehensive throat culture (which can take one or two days, and can confirm or rule out strep and other infections).

Doctors want to rule out strep throat as an underlying cause when tonsillitis is suspected because strep throat does require treatment with antibiotics, since it is a bacterial infection. It’s important to make sure there aren’t any other underlying causes for throat pain that require other treatment, Clark says.

RELATED: Complications That Can Result From Tonsillitis 

Diagnosing tonsillitis might also include these actions: (2)

• Using a lighted instrument to look in the ears and nose for other signs of infection.
• In children, checking for a rash known as scarlatina, which can be a symptom associated with strep throat.
• Listening to breathing with a stethoscope.
• Ordering a complete blood cell count, a blood test that can reveal whether the different types of blood cells are at normal levels (as abnormal blood cell levels can indicate infection).

Treatment for Tonsillitis Depends on Whether a Virus or Bacterial Infection Is to Blame

The majority of patients who have viral tonsillitis or who test negative for strep can expect a full recovery within five to seven days without specific treatment, Clark says, adding that there is no indication for taking antibiotics in this situation. “If the person fails to recover during this period, then they should follow up with a healthcare provider for repeat evaluation,” he says.

RELATED: Do You Really Need That Antibiotic? 

If the tonsillitis tests positive for strep throat (a bacterial infection), then antibiotic treatment is usually recommended to reduce symptom severity and speed recovery, Clark explains. Without antibiotic therapy, strep throat symptoms will typically resolve on their own eventually, but the medication will help you feel better sooner and significantly reduces the risk of complications from the infection.

Once a person starts antibiotics for strep throat, they usually begin to feel better, often within 24 to 72 hours of starting the medicine, according to Clark. “Failure to improve within these time periods should raise suspicion for alternative diagnoses or complications,” he says, and the person should return to their healthcare provider.

Taking steroids to relieve the pain associated with an acute sore throat should be avoided, says Clark. “The use of glucocorticoids depends on the severity of the illness,” he says, adding that such treatment is usually restricted to an exceptional case in which the person has severe throat pain and can’t swallow.

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symptoms, causes and treatments

Contents

• 1 Viral tonsillitis: symptoms and treatments
  • 1.1 Viral tonsillitis: symptoms, causes and treatments
    • 1.1.1 What is viral tonsillitis?
  • 1.2 Causes of viral tonsillitis
  • 1.3 Viral tonsillitis: symptoms, causes and treatments
    • 1.3.1 What symptoms accompany viral tonsillitis?
  • 1.4 Features of the diagnosis of viral tonsillitis
  • 1.5 Treatment of viral tonsillitis at home
  • 1.6 Treatment of viral tonsillitis in children and pregnant women
    • 1.6.1 In children
    • 1.6.2 In pregnant women
  • 1.7 What drugs will help get rid of viral tonsillitis?
  • 1.8 Indications and contraindications for the use of antibiotics in viral tonsillitis
    • 1.8.1 Indications for the use of antibiotics
    • 1. 8.2 Contraindications for the use of antibiotics
  • 1.9 Prevention of viral tonsillitis
  • 1.10 Related videos:
  • 1.11 Q&A:
    • • 1.11.0.1 What symptoms accompany a viral tone zillitu?
      • 1.11.0.2 What causes viral tonsillitis?
      • 1.11.0.3 What diagnostic method is used to detect viral tonsillitis?
      • 1.11.0.4 How is viral tonsillitis treated?
      • 1.11.0.5 What additional steps can be taken to speed up recovery?
      • 1.11.0.6 How can I prevent infection with viral tonsillitis?
  • 1.12 Complications of viral tonsillitis
  • 1.13 When should I see a doctor for viral tonsillitis?

Learn about viral tonsillitis: how to recognize the symptoms, what treatment to choose and what preventive measures to avoid this disease. A detailed review from experts in the medical field on the site.

Viral tonsillitis is a common disease that causes inflammation of the palatine tonsils. It can manifest itself in the form of a sore throat, febrile temperature, headache and other symptoms. This condition usually results in significant discomfort and can make normal daily activities difficult.

The causes of viral tonsillitis can be varied – from adenoviruses to influenza and coronaviruses. It can be spread through coughing, sneezing, contact with infected objects or people. Some people, including children and people with weakened immune systems, are more susceptible to this condition.

Treatment of viral tonsillitis may include measures to relieve symptoms, such as pain medication, hot drinks, gargling with warm salt, or gargling with alcohol. In some cases, you may need to take antibiotics to prevent complications and speed up recovery.

It is important to see a doctor if the symptoms of viral tonsillitis do not disappear after a few days or do not improve. He may recommend more intensive treatment or diagnose another cause of the symptoms.

Viral tonsillitis: symptoms, causes and treatments

What is viral tonsillitis?

Viral tonsillitis is a type of inflammation in the throat caused by a viral infection. In this case, infection occurs through the airborne route, that is, through contact with a sick person through coughing, sneezing or talking.

Viral tonsillitis differs from bacterial tonsillitis in that it is experienced mainly by children and adolescents. The onset of the disease can be manifested by a rise in body temperature, weakness, headaches, and then painful sensations in the throat and swollen lymph nodes can be added to it.

Viral tonsillitis affects the lymphoid tissue – tonsilla, which acts as the first barrier of the body’s defense against pathogenic microorganisms. The disease contributes to the easy penetration of other viruses and bacteria into the body, which can lead to complications and exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Successful fight against viral tonsillitis requires timely diagnosis and selection of the optimal type of treatment.

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Causes of viral tonsillitis

Viral tonsillitis is an infectious disease caused by viruses. It can occur as a result of contact with a sick person, through bedding, dishes and other household items. Children, teenagers and immunocompromised people are especially susceptible to viral tonsillitis.

The main causes of viral tonsillitis are non-compliance with hygiene standards, poor living conditions, improper diet and work. Also, the risk of infection increases during the cold period, when immunity decreases and the number of viruses in the environment increases.

There are various types of viruses that can cause tonsillitis – influenza, colds, whooping cough, chicken pox, herpes, etc. They affect the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx, causing inflammation and swelling of the mandela. As a result, characteristic symptoms occur – sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, headache and weakness.

• Non-compliance with hygiene standards
• Poor living conditions
• Improper diet and work
• Reduced immunity during the cold period
• Exposure to various types of viruses

Viral tone zillitis: symptoms, causes and treatments

What symptoms accompany viral tonsillitis ?

Viral tonsillitis is a disease that can lead to various symptoms. The main signs of viral tonsillitis include:

1. Sore throat. One of the most characteristic symptoms of viral tonsillitis is a sore throat, which can be quite severe.
2. Swelling of tonsils. Viral tonsillitis often results in swelling of the tonsils, which can lead to difficulty swallowing and breathing.
3. Lymphadenopathy. This is a complication in the form of enlarged lymph nodes in the disease in the affected area.
4. Body temperature. Viral tonsillitis can cause an increase in body temperature, which is another sign of the disease.
5. Headache. Some patients with viral tonsillitis experience headaches that may be aggravated by swallowing.

The symptoms of viral tonsillitis can vary in severity. In many patients, the disease may resolve without significant symptoms, while in others it may lead to severe, long-term symptoms.

Features of the diagnosis of viral tonsillitis

Diagnosis of viral tonsillitis is a difficult task, since many of its symptoms are similar to other throat diseases. Incorrect diagnosis can lead to the appointment of inappropriate treatment and aggravation of the patient’s condition.

When diagnosing viral tonsillitis, the doctor must pay attention to the characteristic symptoms, such as sore throat, swelling and hyperemia of the tonsils, the appearance of stagnant spots on the palate and tongue. Laboratory and bacteriological studies are also carried out, which allow to determine the presence of viruses in the body and identify possible complications of the disease.

To speed up diagnosis, doctors can perform a rapid test for the antigenic characteristics of the viruses that cause tonsillitis. This test allows you to get a quick result, which allows you to start treatment faster and reduce the risk of complications.

It is important to note that self-diagnosis and treatment is not recommended, as it will lead to adverse consequences and aggravate the condition of the disease.

Treatment of viral tonsillitis at home

Viral tonsillitis can be treated at home if the progression of the disease is not too severe. First of all, you should rely on symptomatic therapy.

• Drink plenty of fluids. This will help keep the body hydrated and allow the immune system to fight the virus.
• Hot drink with honey and lemon. This remedy will soothe the throat and help with the unpleasant pain that occurs when swallowing.
• Washing the throat with a solution of salt and soda. This treatment will soothe irritated tissues and help fight bacterial infection.
• Peace. Do not overdo it with physical activity. Rest will help your body fight the virus and recover.

If symptoms persist for a long time, consult a doctor and treat as directed. Do not forget that improper treatment can lead to complications and harm your health.

Peculiarities of treatment of viral tonsillitis in children and pregnant women

In children

Viral tonsillitis in children may be more severe and may switch to a yeast or bacterial type of infection. Therefore, it is necessary to observe a pediatrician and appropriate treatment of viruses, taking into account the age characteristics of the child’s body.

If the temperature is not high, symptomatic treatment methods are used: drinking plenty of water, hot tea with honey or lemon, rinsing the nose, hot baths for hands and feet. With an increase in temperature and general malaise, antipyretics and antiviral drugs are prescribed. The child also needs rest and lack of physical activity.

In pregnant women

Treatment of viral tonsillitis in pregnant women should be carefully discussed with the doctor, as many drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy. In such cases, it is recommended to use the treatment of folk remedies, which include hot tea with honey and lemon, washing the nose and gargling using salts, chamomile and calendula.

At low temperatures, copious fluid intake, rest and no physical activity are recommended. If the temperature rises, you can take antipyretics that have previously been approved by your doctor, as well as antiviral drugs.

In any case, the doctor must control the treatment and condition of the pregnant woman in order to prevent negative consequences for the mother and unborn baby.

What preparations will help get rid of viral tonsillitis?

Viral tonsillitis is a disease caused by a virus, so it is necessary to take antiviral drugs in the first place. Most drugs in this group contain interferon, a protein with antiviral activity. Interferon speeds up the recovery process of the body and helps to cope with the infection faster.

It is important to note that if you have viral tonsillitis, you should not take antibiotics without a doctor’s recommendation, as they are effective only for a bacterial disease and can harm the body.

In the treatment of viral tonsillitis, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs. They reduce tissue swelling and reduce pain symptoms. It is also recommended to take analgesics for mild pain relief.

Vitamin and mineral supplements should be taken during the treatment of viral tonsillitis to quickly restore and strengthen the immune system. The doctor may prescribe a complex of vitamins that will help strengthen the immune system and prevent recurrence of the disease.

Please note that if there are signs of viral tonsillitis, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible for professional treatment and prevention of complications.

Indications and contraindications for the use of antibiotics in viral tonsillitis

Indications for the use of antibiotics

In viral tonsillitis, it is not always necessary to prescribe antibiotics, since viruses are not sensitive to them. However, a positive effect can be achieved if certain signs are present, such as:

• high fever that is not relieved by antiviral drugs;
• severe sore throat that does not improve in a few days;
• breathing problems or no improvement;
• the occurrence of complications such as purulent necrotic tonsillitis, laryngopharyngitis or sinusitis.

In such cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent complications.

Antibiotic contraindications

Despite the positive effect of the use of antibiotics, their use can also have negative consequences. Contraindications to the use of antibiotics include:

• allergic reactions to antibiotics;
• disorders of the liver or kidneys;
• gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer;
• period of pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• positive test for group A streptococcus.

In all these cases, the use of antibiotics can be dangerous and lead to undesirable consequences. When choosing a method of treatment, it is necessary to take into account the indications and contraindications for the use of antibiotics.

Prevention of viral tonsillitis

Viral tonsillitis can be a serious condition, but it can be prevented if certain measures are taken. Below are a few ways to help reduce the risk of viral tonsillitis.

• Wash your hands . This is the easiest and most effective way to prevent virus infection. Wash your hands with soap before eating, after visiting public places and interacting with sick people.
• Avoid close contact . The virus is transmitted through coughing, sneezing and talking, so try to avoid close contact with people who are sick.
• Strengthen your immune system . Regular intake of vitamins and minerals will help strengthen the immune system, which reduces the chance of contracting a virus.
• Do not smoke . Smoking reduces the protective properties of the mucous membrane of the throat and increases the risk of contracting the virus.
• Watch your health . A weakened body is more susceptible to infection by the virus, so you need to take care of your health, including eating right, resting properly and exercising.

Following these simple rules will help protect you from viral tonsillitis. If you become ill, you should immediately seek medical attention.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What are the symptoms associated with viral tonsillitis?

Symptoms of viral tonsillitis include sore throat, swelling or irritation of the tonsils, headache, fatigue, fever, nausea and vomiting. In some cases, a skin rash may appear.

What causes viral tonsillitis?

Viral tonsillitis is caused by various viruses such as rhinoviruses, haemophilus influenzae, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza, epstein-barr viruses, etc. They are transmitted through coughing, sneezing, kissing or contact. Low immunity can also increase the risk of contracting viral tonsillitis.

What diagnostic method is used to detect viral tonsillitis?

The doctor performs a physical examination and a throat exam, then orders a blood test to check for antibodies against the virus. If symptoms persist for more than 10 days, a tonsil biopsy may be needed to rule out a tumor or other disease.

How is viral tonsillitis treated?

Viral tonsillitis is not treated with antibiotics because they do not work against viruses. Analgesics, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs are used to reduce symptoms. It is recommended to rest and drink more fluids. If symptoms get worse or last more than a week, see your doctor.

What additional measures can be taken to speed up recovery?

To relieve pain and swelling of the tonsils, you can gargle with warm saline water or an antiseptic solution. Soothing tablets and lozenges help soothe the throat. It is important to eat warmer, softer foods that do not irritate the tonsils and avoid smoking and alcohol.

How can I prevent infection with viral tonsillitis?

To prevent infection with viral tonsillitis, you need to follow hygiene rules, such as washing your hands and using personal protective equipment (masks). Avoid contact with infected people and do not share towels, glasses, and utensils with them. In addition, support immunity through a healthy lifestyle and strengthening treatments such as the intake of vitamins and minerals, and regular physical work.

Complications of viral tonsillitis

Viral tonsillitis can lead to various complications if treated incorrectly or not. One of the most common symptoms is purulent tonsillitis. It is characterized by the appearance of white or yellow inflammatory plaques on the glands, which can become very painful and make it difficult to breathe.

In addition, viral tonsillitis can cause problems with the cardiovascular system . If the inflammation has not been eliminated in time, then it can lead to the spread of infection throughout the body. This can cause infectious myocarditis or other heart conditions.

In some cases, viral tonsillitis can lead to craniocerebral complications such as inflammation of the brain or meninges. These complications can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.

Therefore, it is very important to properly treat viral tonsillitis, and if complications arise, consult a doctor.

• Purulent tonsillitis
• Problems with the cardiovascular system
• Craniocerebral complications

When should I see a doctor for viral tonsillitis?

Viral tonsillitis is a serious disease that must be treated under medical supervision. If you experience symptoms such as high fever, severe throat, severe pain when swallowing, swollen lymph nodes, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Also, if you are at risk of developing complications, such as if you have other health problems such as asthma, diabetes, or a weakened immune system, you should also see your doctor. Do not put off a visit to the doctor if you notice a deterioration in your condition or the disease does not go away.

Your doctor may order a blood test to determine the cause of the infection and prescribe the most appropriate treatment for your condition to prevent complications. Well-appropriate treatment will also reduce the risk of passing the infection to other people in your family or community. Be vigilant and follow your doctor’s advice for a faster recovery.

causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Normally, the tonsils perform a protective function: they stop bacteria and viruses that enter the body by inhaling air by producing antibodies. But if there are too many pathogenic microorganisms, and the immune system is weakened, then the tonsils become inflamed, and a sore throat occurs.

Contents

1. What is tonsillitis
2. Causes of tonsillitis
1. Exogenous contamination
2. Endogenous infection
3. Symptoms of tonsillitis
4. Diagnosis of tonsillitis
5. Treatment of tonsillitis
6. What not to do with tonsillitis

What is tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is an infectious disease in which the tonsils (usually palatine) become inflamed.

Tonsillitis can be acute (tonsillitis) and chronic. In the acute form of the disease, the symptoms are very pronounced. The chronic form has a milder course, but can worsen at any time.

Causes of tonsillitis

Angina is provoked by viruses, bacteria or fungi. The pathogen can enter the tissues of the tonsils from the external environment (exogenous infection) or from the inside (endogenous infection).

At the same time, factors that increase the likelihood of the disease are:

• breathing polluted air, for example from working in a factory or living in an industrial city;
• hypothermia;
• prolonged and excessive antibiotic therapy;
• malnutrition;
• bad habits.

That is, the risk of angina increases when immunity is reduced.

Exogenous infection

Among bacterial pathogens, ß-hemolytic streptococcus is often found. Less commonly, pneumococci, staphylococci, and atypical pathogens lead to the disease.

Streptococcal angina can be contracted by airborne droplets from a sick person or an asymptomatic carrier of the pathogen. Less commonly, infection occurs through things that have droplets of infected saliva.

Viral tonsillitis is provoked by viruses, for example, influenza, parainfluenza, herpes, Epstein-Barr. Just like bacterial tonsillitis, it is transmitted by airborne droplets, less often through objects that contain the patient’s saliva.

Fungal tonsillitis is provoked by fungi andida albicans or Leptotryx buccalis in symbiosis with pathological cocci. It usually accompanies infectious diseases and occurs due to prolonged antibiotic treatment.

Fungal tonsillitis (pharyngomycosis) is dangerous for the following categories of people:

• people suffering from oral diseases;

90,005 immunocompromised newborns;

90,005 people who are on a strict diet or fast;

• those who abuse alcohol, take drugs;
• HIV-infected;
• people who use dentures for a long time.

Endogenous infection

Endogenous infection with sore throat pathogens occurs from infectious foci that exist in the body. We are talking, for example, about carious teeth, neglected sinusitis, and other diseases of the nasopharynx.

Symptoms of tonsillitis

The incubation period of a viral and bacterial disease usually lasts from 1 to 5 days. During this period, the person does not feel any symptoms.

Manifestations of tonsillitis depend on its type. There are the following types of acute angina:

1. Catarrhal.
2. Follicular.
3. Lacunar.
4. Ulcerative membranous.

Catarrhal angina

This is the mildest type of tonsillitis, accompanied by a small lesion of the tonsils.

Symptoms:

• fever 37-38 degrees;
• moderate weakness;
• mild headache;
• a small clinic of inflammation according to the blood picture;
• hypertrophy of the tonsils, their redness;
• insignificant increase in regional lymph nodes;
• sometimes – a small mucopurulent exudate in the affected area.

Catarrhal tonsillitis lasts from 3-5 days. As a result, a person either recovers, or the disease flows into a follicular or lacunar form.

Follicular angina

Symptoms of the disease usually appear abruptly. These include:

• severe sore throat;
• hypertrophy of the tonsils, their redness;
• soreness when swallowing food, liquid, saliva, sometimes radiating to the ear;
• appearance of white or yellow vesicles on the tonsils;
• fever 38-39 degrees;
• fatigue;
• pain syndrome in the lumbar region.

The follicular form of the disease usually lasts from 5-7 days.

Lacunar angina

Its manifestations are similar to the clinic of the follicular form of the disease. However, lacunar angina has a more severe course. It is characterized by the appearance of yellowish-white plaques on the inflamed surface of the affected tonsils.

Lacunar tonsillitis usually lasts 5-10 days, but enlarged lymph nodes may decrease to normal size within 12 days.

Ulcerative membranous angina

The provoking factor of this disease is considered to be the symbiosis of the spirochete and fusiform bacillus, which are often normal inhabitants of the oral cavity. Signs of ulcerative membranous angina are as follows:

• death of tonsil tissues, formation of an ulcer on it;
• discomfort and foreign body sensation when swallowing;
• bad breath;
• increased salivation;
• body temperature is usually within normal limits;
• moderately expressed leukocytosis according to the blood picture;
• enlargement of regional lymph nodes on the affected side.

The disease lasts from one to three weeks, less often – for months.

Diagnosis of tonsillitis

The diagnosis is established by the results of a patient interview, as well as a study of pharyngoscopy data.

If the patient has lacunar tonsillitis, then according to the results of pharyngoscopy, it is found that the tonsils are enlarged, have a bright red color, and the tonsil lacunae are enlarged and edematous. A purulent plaque is also determined, located outside the boundaries of the lacunae, and covering the surface of the tonsil. It looks like a loose film or is a small pathological areas. The plaque remains within the boundaries of the tonsil, it can be removed without bleeding of the affected area.

Hypertrophy and pronounced swelling of the tonsils indicate follicular tonsillitis. The doctor discovers festering white-yellow follicles in the affected area. If the follicle opens, then a purulent plaque appears that does not go beyond the borders of the tonsils.

Catarrhal tonsillitis is characterized by diffuse hyperemia, swelling and an increase in the size of the palatine tonsils, the edges of the arches. Purulent exudate in the affected area is not determined. Sometimes regional lymph nodes enlarge and become painful.

With ulcerative membranous angina, a grayish-yellow or green coating is found on the outer part of the tonsil. If you remove the membrane with a button probe, you can see a bleeding surface of a yellow tint with clearly defined edges, sores and dead tissues.

Laboratory diagnostics is carried out through a blood test, as well as urine, for ß-hemolytic streptococcus. Also take a swab from the affected area.

Treatment of tonsillitis

As a rule, the patient can be treated at home. Since the disease is contagious, it is advisable for the patient to be in a separate room.

Only people with a severe infection, as well as if there are complications of the disease, are subject to inpatient treatment.

With tonsillitis, you need to adhere to the correct regimen: sleep at least 8 hours a day (for an adult), drink enough water and other permitted drinks, eat healthy food, exclude harmful, spicy, salty, acidic foods from the diet.

Which medications are preferred depends on the type of causative agent of angina. Antibiotics are indicated if the tonsillitis was caused by bacteria and this has been determined in the laboratory. With fungal tonsillitis, antimycotic drugs are required.

The patient is shown antiseptics for local use, as well as painkillers in the form of lozenges, sprays or solutions, for example, antiangin, miramistin, chlorhexidine. With angina in children, medicines should be selected by a specialist, depending on the age of the child.

If the fever is between 38-38.5 degrees, then antipyretics can be used, for example, ibuprofen, paracetamol.

What not to do with tonsillitis

With angina, it is better to refuse to use spicy, fatty, sour, hard-to-digest foods, hot and cold drinks. You need to drink warm water, tea, fruit drinks, etc.

If the disease is acute, then you can not play sports, especially when a person has a fever, a headache, or there are other symptoms.

During the disease, it is forbidden to smoke and drink alcohol, as this enhances the inflammatory process in the tonsils.

It is strictly forbidden to remove purulent formations in the throat on your own. Washing of lacunae should be carried out only by a doctor.

Early treatment of tonsillitis helps to quickly cope with the disease and avoid complications.

If you have found signs of a sore throat, then call the rehabilitation clinic in Khamovniki.