What are the common types of insect bites. How can you identify different insect bites. What are the symptoms and treatments for various insect bites. How can you prevent insect bites and stings. When should you seek medical attention for an insect bite.

Common Types of Insect Bites and Their Characteristics

Insect bites are a common occurrence, especially during warmer months when outdoor activities increase. Understanding the different types of insect bites can help you identify the culprit and determine the appropriate course of action. Here’s a breakdown of some common insect bites and their distinguishing features:

Mosquito Bites

Mosquito bites are perhaps the most familiar to many people. They typically appear as small, round, puffy bumps that develop shortly after being bitten. These bumps often become red, hard, swollen, and itchy. It’s not uncommon to find multiple bites in the same area, as mosquitoes can strike repeatedly in a short period.

Fire Ant Stings

Fire ants are aggressive insects known for their painful stings. When a fire ant stings, it appears as a swollen red spot that develops a blister on top. These stings are characterized by a burning sensation and intense itching that can persist for up to a week.

Flea Bites

Flea bites are often found in clusters, typically on the lower legs and feet. They manifest as itchy, red bumps surrounded by a distinctive red halo. One of the key characteristics of flea bites is that symptoms begin immediately after being bitten.

Bedbug Bites

Bedbug bites can be particularly troublesome. They often appear as small rashes with red, swollen areas and dark red centers. These bites may appear in a line or grouped together, usually on areas of the body not covered by clothing, such as the hands, neck, or feet. In some cases, very itchy blisters or hives may develop at the bite site.

Understanding the Causes and Mechanisms of Insect Bites

To effectively deal with insect bites, it’s crucial to understand why insects bite and how their bites affect our bodies. Here’s a closer look at the causes and mechanisms of insect bites:

Why Do Insects Bite?

Insects bite or sting for various reasons, including:

• Self-defense when they feel threatened
• To feed on blood (in the case of mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas)
• To protect their territory or colony (as with bees and wasps)

The Bite Process

When an insect bites, it typically follows this process:

1. The insect pierces the skin with its mouthparts or stinger
2. It may inject saliva or venom into the wound
3. This foreign substance triggers an immune response in our body

The initial contact of a bite may be painful, but it’s often the subsequent allergic reaction to the venom or saliva deposited in the skin that causes the most discomfort and visible symptoms.

Recognizing Symptoms and Assessing Severity of Insect Bites

While most insect bites cause only minor discomfort, it’s important to be able to recognize symptoms and assess their severity. This knowledge can help you determine whether home treatment is sufficient or if medical attention is necessary.

Common Symptoms of Insect Bites

Typical symptoms of insect bites include:

• Redness and swelling around the bite area
• Itching or burning sensation
• Pain or tenderness
• Small bumps or blisters

Signs of Severe Reactions

In some cases, insect bites can trigger severe allergic reactions. Watch for these signs of a potentially dangerous situation:

• Difficulty breathing or wheezing
• Swelling of the face, throat, or tongue
• Rapid heartbeat
• Dizziness or fainting
• Nausea or vomiting
• Widespread rash or hives

If any of these symptoms occur, seek immediate medical attention as they may indicate anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction.

Effective Treatment Options for Various Insect Bites

Once you’ve identified the type of insect bite and assessed its severity, you can proceed with appropriate treatment. Here are some effective options for managing different types of insect bites:

Home Remedies

For mild to moderate insect bites, these home remedies can provide relief:

• Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and numb the area
• Use calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream to soothe itching
• Take an oral antihistamine to reduce allergic reactions
• Make a paste of baking soda and water to apply to the bite

Over-the-Counter Treatments

Several OTC products can help manage insect bite symptoms:

• Topical antihistamine creams or gels
• Pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
• Antiseptic sprays or ointments to prevent infection

When to Seek Medical Attention

While most insect bites can be treated at home, certain situations require professional medical care. Consult a healthcare provider if:

• Symptoms persist or worsen after several days
• You develop signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or pus
• You experience symptoms of a severe allergic reaction
• The bite is from a potentially dangerous insect, such as a black widow spider

Prevention Strategies: Minimizing the Risk of Insect Bites

Prevention is always better than cure when it comes to insect bites. By taking proactive measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of being bitten or stung. Here are some effective prevention strategies:

Personal Protection

Protect yourself from insects by:

• Wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outdoors
• Using insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus
• Avoiding strong perfumes or scented products that may attract insects
• Wearing light-colored clothing, as some insects are attracted to dark colors

Environmental Control

Reduce insect populations around your home by:

• Eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed
• Keeping your lawn mowed and trimming bushes to reduce tick habitats
• Sealing cracks and crevices in your home to prevent insects from entering
• Using screens on windows and doors to keep insects out

Seasonal Awareness

Be mindful of insect activity patterns:

• Many insects are most active during dawn and dusk
• Mosquito populations tend to peak during summer months
• Ticks are often more prevalent in spring and early summer

Understanding the Potential Complications of Insect Bites

While most insect bites are harmless, some can lead to more serious complications. It’s important to be aware of these potential issues to ensure prompt treatment if necessary.

Allergic Reactions

Some individuals may experience severe allergic reactions to insect bites or stings. Anaphylaxis is the most serious form of allergic reaction and can be life-threatening. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Swelling of the throat or tongue
• Dizziness or fainting
• Rapid or weak pulse
• Nausea and vomiting

If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms after an insect bite, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Infectious Diseases

Certain insects can transmit diseases through their bites. Some examples include:

• Mosquitoes: West Nile virus, Zika virus, malaria
• Ticks: Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Fleas: Plague, typhus

If you develop unusual symptoms such as fever, body aches, or rashes after an insect bite, consult a healthcare provider.

Secondary Infections

Scratching insect bites can lead to secondary bacterial infections. Signs of infection include:

• Increased redness, warmth, or swelling around the bite
• Pus or drainage from the bite site
• Fever or chills
• Red streaks extending from the bite

If you notice these signs, seek medical attention as antibiotics may be necessary.

Special Considerations for Vulnerable Populations

Certain groups of people may be more susceptible to severe reactions from insect bites or may need to take extra precautions. Let’s explore some special considerations for vulnerable populations:

Children

Children are often more prone to insect bites due to their outdoor activities and may have more severe reactions. Consider these points:

• Use age-appropriate insect repellents as recommended by pediatricians
• Dress children in protective clothing when outdoors
• Teach children not to disturb insect nests or swat at flying insects
• Be vigilant in checking for ticks after outdoor activities

Elderly Individuals

Older adults may have weaker immune systems and be more susceptible to complications from insect bites. Special considerations include:

• Ensuring proper use of insect repellents and protective clothing
• Being aware that some medications may increase sun sensitivity when using insect repellents
• Monitoring bites closely for signs of infection or severe reactions

Individuals with Compromised Immune Systems

People with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or living with HIV/AIDS, should take extra precautions:

• Avoid areas with high insect populations when possible
• Use stronger insect repellents as recommended by a healthcare provider
• Seek medical attention promptly for any unusual reactions to insect bites

Pregnant Women

Pregnant women should be cautious about insect bites, particularly due to the risk of certain insect-borne diseases. Consider these points:

• Consult with a healthcare provider about safe insect repellent options during pregnancy
• Take extra precautions to avoid mosquito bites, especially in areas with Zika virus
• Be aware that some insect-borne diseases can affect fetal development

By understanding these special considerations, vulnerable populations can take appropriate measures to protect themselves from the potential dangers of insect bites.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Insect Bite Management

The field of insect bite management is continually evolving, with ongoing research aimed at improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Let’s explore some of the exciting developments and future directions in this area:

Advanced Repellent Technologies

Researchers are working on developing more effective and long-lasting insect repellents. Some promising areas include:

• Nano-encapsulated repellents that provide extended protection
• Plant-based repellents with improved efficacy and safety profiles
• Genetically modified mosquitoes that can’t transmit diseases

Improved Diagnostic Tools

Advancements in diagnostic technologies may soon allow for quicker and more accurate identification of insect-borne diseases. This could include:

• Rapid, point-of-care tests for various insect-borne pathogens
• Smartphone apps that can identify insect species from bite patterns
• Advanced imaging techniques to detect early signs of infection

Novel Treatment Approaches

Emerging research is exploring new ways to treat insect bites and their complications:

• Targeted immunotherapies to reduce severe allergic reactions
• Gene therapy approaches to enhance resistance to insect-borne diseases
• Development of universal vaccines against multiple insect-borne pathogens

Environmental Control Innovations

New strategies for controlling insect populations in the environment are being developed:

• Acoustic devices that disrupt insect mating patterns
• Eco-friendly insecticides that target specific pest species
• Advanced trapping systems for monitoring and controlling insect populations

As research in these areas continues to progress, we can look forward to more effective and comprehensive approaches to managing insect bites and their associated risks. Stay informed about these developments to benefit from the latest advancements in insect bite prevention and treatment.

Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

The initial contact of a bite may be painful. It’s often followed by an allergic reaction to venom deposited into your skin through the animal’s mouth or stinger. The appearance can vary.

Whether you’re in the water, on a mountain trail, or in your backyard, wildlife you encounter have ways of protecting themselves and their territory.

Insects, such as bees, ants, fleas, flies, mosquitoes, and wasps, and arachnids, such as spiders, ticks, and scorpions, may bite or sting if you get close. Most of these animals won’t bother you if you don’t bother them, but knowing what to look for is key.

Most bites and stings trigger nothing more than minor discomfort, but some encounters can be deadly, especially if you have severe allergies to the animal’s venom.

A severe allergic reaction can happen with any bug bite or sting, depending on the person. Venom allergies may cause a dangerous, severe allergic reaction in some people, resulting in swelling, generalized itching, and difficulty breathing.

Signs of an emergency

Anaphylaxis can be a life threatening emergency. If someone experiences signs of a severe allergic reaction, call 911 or your local emergency services. Anaphylaxis can cause symptoms, including rash, low pulse, and anaphylactic shock. This can be fatal if it isn’t treated immediately.

Was this helpful?

Prevention is the best medicine, so knowing how to recognize and avoid biting and stinging insects or arachnids is the best way to stay safe.

The animals you should recognize and understand depend very much on where you live or where you’re visiting. Different regions of the United States are home to many of these creatures.

The season also matters. For example, mosquitoes, stinging bees, and wasps tend to come out in full force during the summer.

The form a bite takes depends on what type of animal bit you. Take a look at the photos below to help identify which animal may have caused your bug bite.

Warning: Graphic images ahead.

Mosquito bites

• A mosquito bite is a small, round, puffy bump that appears soon after you’ve been bitten.
• The bump will become red, hard, swollen, and itchy.
• You may have multiple bites in the same area.

Read full article on mosquito bites.

Fire ant stings

• Fire ants are small, aggressive, red or black venomous ants that bite and then deliver painful stings.
• Stings appear as swollen red spots that develop a blister on top.
• Stings burn, itch, and last up to a week.

Read full article on fire ant stings.

Flea bites

• Flea bites are usually located in clusters on the lower legs and feet.
• The itchy, red bumps are surrounded by a red halo.
• Symptoms begin immediately after you’re bitten.

Read full article on flea bites.

Bedbug bites

• The itchy rash is caused by an allergic reaction to the bedbug bite.
• The small rashes have red, swollen areas and dark red centers.
• Bites may appear in a line or grouped together, usually on areas of the body not covered by clothing, such as the hands, neck, or feet.
• There may be very itchy blisters or hives at the bite site.

Read full article on bedbug bites.

Fly bites

• Painful, itchy rashes are caused by an inflammatory reaction at the site of the fly bite.
• Though usually harmless, they may lead to severe allergic reactions or spread insect-borne diseases.
• Take precautions when traveling to endemic countries by wearing long-sleeve shirts and pants and by using bug spray.

Read full article on fly bites.

Lice bites

• Head lice, pubic lice (“crabs”), and body lice are different species of parasitic lice that affect humans.
• They feed on blood and cause an itchy immune reaction at the site of their bites.
• Adult lice are gray/tan six-legged insects about the size of a tiny sesame seed.
• Nits (eggs) and nymphs (baby lice) can only be seen as very tiny specks that may look like dandruff.

Read full article on lice.

Chigger bites

• Painful, itchy rashes may be caused by an immune response to the bites of tiny mite larvae.
• Bites appear as welts, blisters, pimples, or hives.
• Bites will generally appear in groups and are extremely itchy.
• Chigger bites may be grouped in skin folds or near areas where clothing fits tightly.
• Chiggers tend to jump from grass, so bites are usually on legs near the tops of socks.

Read full article on chigger bites.

Tick bites

• Bites can cause pain or swelling at the bite area.
• They may also lead to a rash, a burning sensation, blisters, or difficulty breathing.
• The tick often remains attached to the skin for a long time.
• Bites rarely appear in groups.
• Ticks can transfer diseases, including Lyme disease, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis.

Read full article on tick bites.

Scabies

• Symptoms caused by scabies mites may take 4 to 6 weeks to appear.
• The extremely itchy rash may be pimply, made up of tiny blisters, or scaly.
• They may cause raised, white, or flesh-toned lines.

Read full article on scabies.

Spider bites

Share on PinterestEzytyper and added inset by B Kimmel/GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0 from Wikimedia Commons

This condition is considered a medical emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted. Urgent care may be required.

• Most spiders don’t pose a threat to humans, and in such cases, their bites are harmless or mildly irritating like a bee sting.
• Dangerous spiders include the brown recluse, black widow, funnel web spider (Australia), and wandering spider (South America).
• A single raised papule, pustule, or wheal may appear at the site of the bite followed by redness and tenderness.
• The bite will appear as two small puncture marks.
• Severe allergic reactions to a spider bite may require medical attention.

Read full article on spider bites.

Brown recluse spider bite

• This is a shy, brown- or tan-colored spider with a violin-shaped patch and six paired eyes, two in the front and two sets of two on either side of the head.
• It likes to hide in quiet, dark places like closets and bookshelves and is native to the South and South Central regions of the United States.
• Nonaggressive, it will only bite humans if it’s being crushed between skin and a hard surface.
• Redness appears with a central, white blister at the site of the bite.
• Moderate to severe pain and itching at the site of the bite occurs 2 to 8 hours after the spider has injected its venom.
• Rare complications include fever, body aches, nausea, vomiting, hemolytic anemia, rhabdomyolysis, and kidney failure.

Read full article on brown recluse spider bites.

Black widow spider bite

Share on Pinterest© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology/NCBI

This condition is considered a medical emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted. Urgent care may be required.

• This spider is plump, black, and shiny, with an hourglass-shaped red mark on its abdomen.
• It’s nonaggressive and will only bite if it’s being crushed.
• Bites cause muscle pain and spasms in the arms, legs, abdomen, and back.
• Tremor, sweating, weakness, chills, nausea, vomiting, and headache are other symptoms.
• The bite area is red with a white center.

Read full article on black widow spider bites.

Hobo spider bite

• The venom of this common household spider isn’t considered toxic to humans.
• Bites are generally harmless and cause only minor pain, swelling, and sometimes muscle twitches.
• A single red area appears with a tender central nodule.
• Itching, burning, or stinging may occur at the site of the bite.

Read full article on hobo spider bites.

Wolf spider bite

• This large (up to 2 inches long), fuzzy, gray/brown spider is native to many parts of the United States.
• Nonaggressive, it will bite if it feels threatened.
• A tender, itchy red bump appears that heals in 7 to 10 days.

Read full article on wolf spider bites.

Horsefly bites

• These large (1-inch long) blood-sucking flies are most active in the daylight hours.
• An instant, sharp burning sensation occurs when a horsefly bites.
• Itchiness, redness, swelling, and bruising may also occur at the bite location.

Read full article on horsefly bites.

Bee stings

• Pain, redness, swelling, or itching occurs at the site of the sting.
• A white spot appears where the stinger punctured the skin.
• Unlike bumblebees and carpenter bees, honeybees can only sting once due to their barbed stinger that can remain in the skin.

Read full article on bee sting allergy.

Yellow jacket stings

• These thin wasps have black and yellow stripes and long dark wings.
• Aggressive, a yellow jacket may sting multiple times.
• Swelling, tenderness, itchiness, or redness may occur near the area that’s been stung.

Read full article on yellow jacket stings.

Wasp stings

• Sharp pain, redness, swelling, and itching or burning occurs at the sting site.
• A raised welt appears around the sting site.
• Wasps can be aggressive and are capable of stinging multiple times.

Read full article on wasp stings.

Scorpion stings

• Scorpions are eight-legged arachnids with large pincers and long, segmented, stinger-tipped tails carried in a forward curve over their backs.
• Many species with variable levels of toxicity can be found all over the world.
• Intense pain, tingling, numbness, and swelling occur around the sting.
• Rare symptoms include breathing difficulties, muscle twitching, drooling, sweating, nausea, vomiting, an increased heart rate, restlessness, and excitability.
• Severe symptoms are more likely in infants and children than adults.

Read full article on scorpion stings.

Puss caterpillar stings

• Puss caterpillars may also be known as asp caterpillars, fire caterpillars, woolly slugs, or opossum bugs, and are the larvae of the flannel moth.
• They have venomous barbs on their bodies.
• They typically reside in the Southeast United States but have been found as far west as Florida and Texas.
• A string can cause skin irritation and itchiness, severe pain, and headache.

Kissing bug bites

Share on PinterestHorizons WWP / Alamy Stock Photo & Curtis-Robles et al., CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

• Triatomine bugs, also called kissing bugs, tend to bite people on the face or near the mouth.
• These bugs tend to reside in Mexico, Central America, South America, and parts of the United States.
• They carry a parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi and can T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease.
• While there are different varieties of kissing bugs, they typically have a cone-shaped head and a long, oval-shaped body with antennae and six legs. They can be light brown to black in color and may have yellow, red, or tan markings.
• Bite reactions may include mild itching, redness, and swelling. With a T. cruzi infection, a small hard area may form at the bite site.

Read full article on kissing bug bites.

Deer fly bites

Share on PinterestBruce Marlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons & juhat/Istock

• Deer flies have small, round heads, brownish-black bands on their wings, and gold or green eyes.
• Their bites can be painful and cause bumps or welts.
• Their bites can sometimes cause a rare bacterial disease known as rabbit fever (tularemia) that may cause skin ulcers, fever, and headache.

Read full article on fly bites.

Here are some bugs that can be more dangerous than others.

Biting insects, arachnids, and other bugs

Many bugs bite, but only a few do so intentionally. Most bites are relatively harmless, leaving just an itchy patch of skin behind. But some bites can carry disease. Deer ticks, for example, typically carry Lyme disease.

Intentional biters include:

• ticks
• chigger mites
• scabies mites
• bedbugs
• fleas
• head lice
• pubic lice
• horseflies
• black flies
• mosquitoes
• pus caterpillars
• kissing bugs
• deer flies

Many larger insects and other bugs won’t seek you out but will bite if handled.

Spiders

Some spiders have venomous fangs. Venomous spiders found in the United States include:

• brown recluse spiders
• black widow spiders
• mouse spiders
• black house spiders

Stinging insects

Insects will sting humans only to defend against a perceived threat. Typically, a sting from a bee or stinging ant will be accompanied by a small amount of venom.

When injected into your skin, the venom causes most of the itching and pain associated with the sting. It can also cause an allergic reaction.

Common stinging insects in the United States include:

• bees
• paper wasps (hornets)
• yellow jackets
• wasps
• fire ants

Scorpions

Scorpions have a reputation for stinging. Many species have barbed tails equipped with venom, some strong enough to kill a human.

The most venomous species of scorpion native to the United States is the Arizona bark scorpion.

The venom injected into your body from the bite or sting of an insect or arachnid will cause your immune system to respond. Often, your body’s immediate response will include redness and swelling at the bite or sting site.

Minor delayed reactions include itching and soreness.

If you’re very sensitive to an animal’s venom, bites and stings can cause a potentially fatal condition called anaphylactic shock. This can cause the throat to tighten and make breathing difficult or cause low blood pressure.

Anaphylactic shock is considered an emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted.

Some bites and stings may cause illnesses when venom contains infectious agents.

Anyone can be bitten or stung by an insect or arachnid, and bites and stings are very common. You’re at greater risk if you spend a lot of time outdoors, especially in rural or wooded locations.

Children and older adults may have more severe reactions to bites and stings.

If you’re bitten or stung, you may see or feel the animal on your skin during the attack. Some people don’t notice the animal and may not be aware of a bite or sting until one or more of the following symptoms emerge:

• swelling
• redness or rash
• pain in the affected area or in the muscles
• itching
• heat on and around the site of the bite or sting
• numbness or tingling in the affected area

Symptoms of a severe reaction requiring immediate medical treatment include:

• fever
• difficulty breathing
• nausea or vomiting
• muscle spasms
• rapid heart rate
• swelling of the lips and throat
• confusion
• loss of consciousness

If you feel ill or experience flu-like symptoms in the days following an insect or arachnid bite, see a doctor for tests to rule out infections or diseases you may have contracted from the animal.

While not every insect bite or sting can cause an infection or disease, some insects can transmit diseases this way.

These insects and the diseases they may transmit can include:

• Mosquitos: insect-borne diseases such as malaria, West Nile virus, dengue fever, yellow fever, and several viruses that cause encephalitis
• Fleas: bacterial infection, rarely
• Flies: insect-borne diseases
• Sand flies: leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease, though cases occur tropical and subtropical environments
• Lice: epidemic typhus, Bartonella quintana infection, and epidemic relapsing fever
• Chiggers: scrub typhus, though most cases occur in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, China, Japan, India, and northern Australia
• Ticks: tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado tick fever, tularemia, ehrlichiosis
• Kissing bugs: Chagas disease
• Deer flies: tularemia

Many people are aware they’ve been bitten or stung because they see the insect or arachnid shortly after the attack.

Although you shouldn’t further provoke an attacking insect or arachnid, try to preserve the animal if it dies following the bite or sting. Its identity may help a doctor properly diagnose your symptoms.

This is especially important for a spider bite, as some species have dangerously potent venom.

The majority of bites and stings can be treated at home, especially if your reaction is mild.

To treat a bite or sting:

• Remove the stinger if it’s lodged in your skin.
• Wash the affected area.
• Apply an ice pack to reduce pain and swelling.

Topical anti-itch creams, oral pain relievers, and antihistamines may be used to combat uncomfortable symptoms.

You may also want to consider applying a thin paste of baking soda and water to the sting to calm the itching.

Call 911 or your local emergency services number immediately if symptoms of a severe reaction are present.

First aid instructions while waiting for paramedics to arrive include:

• loosening the victim’s clothing
• laying them on their side
• performing CPR if breathing or the heartbeat stops

If you believe a spider of the black widow or brown recluse variety has bitten you, contact 911 or local emergency services immediately even if symptoms seem minor or haven’t emerged.

Scorpion bites also should be treated as an emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted, regardless of symptoms.

Most bites and stings heal by themselves after several days of mild discomfort.

Monitor the affected site for signs of infection. Contact a doctor if the wound appears to be getting worse or hasn’t healed after several weeks.

Bites and stings that cause severe reactions can be fatal if they aren’t treated immediately.

Once you’ve experienced a severe allergic reaction, a doctor will likely prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector. Epinephrine is a hormone that can prevent anaphylactic shock.

Carry the auto-injector with you at all times to reverse the reaction immediately following a bite or sting.

If you need help finding a primary care doctor, then check out our FindCare tool here.

Use caution when near nests or hives containing aggressive insects. Hire professionals who have the proper safety equipment to remove a nest or hive.

When spending time outside, take preventive measures, such as:

• wearing hats and clothing that provide full coverage
• wearing neutral colors and avoiding floral patterns
• avoiding perfume and scented lotion
• keeping food and drinks covered
• using citronella or insect repellent
• using permethrin on clothing to prevent black-legged tick bites

Article Resources

• Ellwanger JH, et al. (2021). Variability in human attractiveness to mosquitoes. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X21000522
• Bites and stings: Insects. (n.d.). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/bites-and-stings-insects
• Body lice: Disease. (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/body/disease.html
• Goldman BS, et al. (2022). Caterpillar and moth bites. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539851/
• McKeown N, et al. (2014). Verified spider bites in Oregon (USA) with the intent to assess hobo spider venom toxicity. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041010114000920
• Parasites – American trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas disease). (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/
• Powers J, et al. (2022). Insect bites. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537235/
• Preventing tick bites. (2020). https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/avoid/on_people.html
• Typhus fevers. (2020). https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/index.html

Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

The initial contact of a bite may be painful. It’s often followed by an allergic reaction to venom deposited into your skin through the animal’s mouth or stinger. The appearance can vary.

Whether you’re in the water, on a mountain trail, or in your backyard, wildlife you encounter have ways of protecting themselves and their territory.

Insects, such as bees, ants, fleas, flies, mosquitoes, and wasps, and arachnids, such as spiders, ticks, and scorpions, may bite or sting if you get close. Most of these animals won’t bother you if you don’t bother them, but knowing what to look for is key.

Most bites and stings trigger nothing more than minor discomfort, but some encounters can be deadly, especially if you have severe allergies to the animal’s venom.

A severe allergic reaction can happen with any bug bite or sting, depending on the person. Venom allergies may cause a dangerous, severe allergic reaction in some people, resulting in swelling, generalized itching, and difficulty breathing.

Signs of an emergency

Anaphylaxis can be a life threatening emergency. If someone experiences signs of a severe allergic reaction, call 911 or your local emergency services. Anaphylaxis can cause symptoms, including rash, low pulse, and anaphylactic shock. This can be fatal if it isn’t treated immediately.

Was this helpful?

Prevention is the best medicine, so knowing how to recognize and avoid biting and stinging insects or arachnids is the best way to stay safe.

The animals you should recognize and understand depend very much on where you live or where you’re visiting. Different regions of the United States are home to many of these creatures.

The season also matters. For example, mosquitoes, stinging bees, and wasps tend to come out in full force during the summer.

The form a bite takes depends on what type of animal bit you. Take a look at the photos below to help identify which animal may have caused your bug bite.

Warning: Graphic images ahead.

Mosquito bites

• A mosquito bite is a small, round, puffy bump that appears soon after you’ve been bitten.
• The bump will become red, hard, swollen, and itchy.
• You may have multiple bites in the same area.

Read full article on mosquito bites.

Fire ant stings

• Fire ants are small, aggressive, red or black venomous ants that bite and then deliver painful stings.
• Stings appear as swollen red spots that develop a blister on top.
• Stings burn, itch, and last up to a week.

Read full article on fire ant stings.

Flea bites

• Flea bites are usually located in clusters on the lower legs and feet.
• The itchy, red bumps are surrounded by a red halo.
• Symptoms begin immediately after you’re bitten.

Read full article on flea bites.

Bedbug bites

• The itchy rash is caused by an allergic reaction to the bedbug bite.
• The small rashes have red, swollen areas and dark red centers.
• Bites may appear in a line or grouped together, usually on areas of the body not covered by clothing, such as the hands, neck, or feet.
• There may be very itchy blisters or hives at the bite site.

Read full article on bedbug bites.

Fly bites

• Painful, itchy rashes are caused by an inflammatory reaction at the site of the fly bite.
• Though usually harmless, they may lead to severe allergic reactions or spread insect-borne diseases.
• Take precautions when traveling to endemic countries by wearing long-sleeve shirts and pants and by using bug spray.

Read full article on fly bites.

Lice bites

• Head lice, pubic lice (“crabs”), and body lice are different species of parasitic lice that affect humans.
• They feed on blood and cause an itchy immune reaction at the site of their bites.
• Adult lice are gray/tan six-legged insects about the size of a tiny sesame seed.
• Nits (eggs) and nymphs (baby lice) can only be seen as very tiny specks that may look like dandruff.

Read full article on lice.

Chigger bites

• Painful, itchy rashes may be caused by an immune response to the bites of tiny mite larvae.
• Bites appear as welts, blisters, pimples, or hives.
• Bites will generally appear in groups and are extremely itchy.
• Chigger bites may be grouped in skin folds or near areas where clothing fits tightly.
• Chiggers tend to jump from grass, so bites are usually on legs near the tops of socks.

Read full article on chigger bites.

Tick bites

• Bites can cause pain or swelling at the bite area.
• They may also lead to a rash, a burning sensation, blisters, or difficulty breathing.
• The tick often remains attached to the skin for a long time.
• Bites rarely appear in groups.
• Ticks can transfer diseases, including Lyme disease, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis.

Read full article on tick bites.

Scabies

• Symptoms caused by scabies mites may take 4 to 6 weeks to appear.
• The extremely itchy rash may be pimply, made up of tiny blisters, or scaly.
• They may cause raised, white, or flesh-toned lines.

Read full article on scabies.

Spider bites

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This condition is considered a medical emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted. Urgent care may be required.

• Most spiders don’t pose a threat to humans, and in such cases, their bites are harmless or mildly irritating like a bee sting.
• Dangerous spiders include the brown recluse, black widow, funnel web spider (Australia), and wandering spider (South America).
• A single raised papule, pustule, or wheal may appear at the site of the bite followed by redness and tenderness.
• The bite will appear as two small puncture marks.
• Severe allergic reactions to a spider bite may require medical attention.

Read full article on spider bites.

Brown recluse spider bite

• This is a shy, brown- or tan-colored spider with a violin-shaped patch and six paired eyes, two in the front and two sets of two on either side of the head.
• It likes to hide in quiet, dark places like closets and bookshelves and is native to the South and South Central regions of the United States.
• Nonaggressive, it will only bite humans if it’s being crushed between skin and a hard surface.
• Redness appears with a central, white blister at the site of the bite.
• Moderate to severe pain and itching at the site of the bite occurs 2 to 8 hours after the spider has injected its venom.
• Rare complications include fever, body aches, nausea, vomiting, hemolytic anemia, rhabdomyolysis, and kidney failure.

Read full article on brown recluse spider bites.

Black widow spider bite

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This condition is considered a medical emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted. Urgent care may be required.

• This spider is plump, black, and shiny, with an hourglass-shaped red mark on its abdomen.
• It’s nonaggressive and will only bite if it’s being crushed.
• Bites cause muscle pain and spasms in the arms, legs, abdomen, and back.
• Tremor, sweating, weakness, chills, nausea, vomiting, and headache are other symptoms.
• The bite area is red with a white center.

Read full article on black widow spider bites.

Hobo spider bite

• The venom of this common household spider isn’t considered toxic to humans.
• Bites are generally harmless and cause only minor pain, swelling, and sometimes muscle twitches.
• A single red area appears with a tender central nodule.
• Itching, burning, or stinging may occur at the site of the bite.

Read full article on hobo spider bites.

Wolf spider bite

• This large (up to 2 inches long), fuzzy, gray/brown spider is native to many parts of the United States.
• Nonaggressive, it will bite if it feels threatened.
• A tender, itchy red bump appears that heals in 7 to 10 days.

Read full article on wolf spider bites.

Horsefly bites

• These large (1-inch long) blood-sucking flies are most active in the daylight hours.
• An instant, sharp burning sensation occurs when a horsefly bites.
• Itchiness, redness, swelling, and bruising may also occur at the bite location.

Read full article on horsefly bites.

Bee stings

• Pain, redness, swelling, or itching occurs at the site of the sting.
• A white spot appears where the stinger punctured the skin.
• Unlike bumblebees and carpenter bees, honeybees can only sting once due to their barbed stinger that can remain in the skin.

Read full article on bee sting allergy.

Yellow jacket stings

• These thin wasps have black and yellow stripes and long dark wings.
• Aggressive, a yellow jacket may sting multiple times.
• Swelling, tenderness, itchiness, or redness may occur near the area that’s been stung.

Read full article on yellow jacket stings.

Wasp stings

• Sharp pain, redness, swelling, and itching or burning occurs at the sting site.
• A raised welt appears around the sting site.
• Wasps can be aggressive and are capable of stinging multiple times.

Read full article on wasp stings.

Scorpion stings

• Scorpions are eight-legged arachnids with large pincers and long, segmented, stinger-tipped tails carried in a forward curve over their backs.
• Many species with variable levels of toxicity can be found all over the world.
• Intense pain, tingling, numbness, and swelling occur around the sting.
• Rare symptoms include breathing difficulties, muscle twitching, drooling, sweating, nausea, vomiting, an increased heart rate, restlessness, and excitability.
• Severe symptoms are more likely in infants and children than adults.

Read full article on scorpion stings.

Puss caterpillar stings

• Puss caterpillars may also be known as asp caterpillars, fire caterpillars, woolly slugs, or opossum bugs, and are the larvae of the flannel moth.
• They have venomous barbs on their bodies.
• They typically reside in the Southeast United States but have been found as far west as Florida and Texas.
• A string can cause skin irritation and itchiness, severe pain, and headache.

Kissing bug bites

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• Triatomine bugs, also called kissing bugs, tend to bite people on the face or near the mouth.
• These bugs tend to reside in Mexico, Central America, South America, and parts of the United States.
• They carry a parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi and can T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease.
• While there are different varieties of kissing bugs, they typically have a cone-shaped head and a long, oval-shaped body with antennae and six legs. They can be light brown to black in color and may have yellow, red, or tan markings.
• Bite reactions may include mild itching, redness, and swelling. With a T. cruzi infection, a small hard area may form at the bite site.

Read full article on kissing bug bites.

Deer fly bites

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• Deer flies have small, round heads, brownish-black bands on their wings, and gold or green eyes.
• Their bites can be painful and cause bumps or welts.
• Their bites can sometimes cause a rare bacterial disease known as rabbit fever (tularemia) that may cause skin ulcers, fever, and headache.

Read full article on fly bites.

Here are some bugs that can be more dangerous than others.

Biting insects, arachnids, and other bugs

Many bugs bite, but only a few do so intentionally. Most bites are relatively harmless, leaving just an itchy patch of skin behind. But some bites can carry disease. Deer ticks, for example, typically carry Lyme disease.

Intentional biters include:

• ticks
• chigger mites
• scabies mites
• bedbugs
• fleas
• head lice
• pubic lice
• horseflies
• black flies
• mosquitoes
• pus caterpillars
• kissing bugs
• deer flies

Many larger insects and other bugs won’t seek you out but will bite if handled.

Spiders

Some spiders have venomous fangs. Venomous spiders found in the United States include:

• brown recluse spiders
• black widow spiders
• mouse spiders
• black house spiders

Stinging insects

Insects will sting humans only to defend against a perceived threat. Typically, a sting from a bee or stinging ant will be accompanied by a small amount of venom.

When injected into your skin, the venom causes most of the itching and pain associated with the sting. It can also cause an allergic reaction.

Common stinging insects in the United States include:

• bees
• paper wasps (hornets)
• yellow jackets
• wasps
• fire ants

Scorpions

Scorpions have a reputation for stinging. Many species have barbed tails equipped with venom, some strong enough to kill a human.

The most venomous species of scorpion native to the United States is the Arizona bark scorpion.

The venom injected into your body from the bite or sting of an insect or arachnid will cause your immune system to respond. Often, your body’s immediate response will include redness and swelling at the bite or sting site.

Minor delayed reactions include itching and soreness.

If you’re very sensitive to an animal’s venom, bites and stings can cause a potentially fatal condition called anaphylactic shock. This can cause the throat to tighten and make breathing difficult or cause low blood pressure.

Anaphylactic shock is considered an emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted.

Some bites and stings may cause illnesses when venom contains infectious agents.

Anyone can be bitten or stung by an insect or arachnid, and bites and stings are very common. You’re at greater risk if you spend a lot of time outdoors, especially in rural or wooded locations.

Children and older adults may have more severe reactions to bites and stings.

If you’re bitten or stung, you may see or feel the animal on your skin during the attack. Some people don’t notice the animal and may not be aware of a bite or sting until one or more of the following symptoms emerge:

• swelling
• redness or rash
• pain in the affected area or in the muscles
• itching
• heat on and around the site of the bite or sting
• numbness or tingling in the affected area

Symptoms of a severe reaction requiring immediate medical treatment include:

• fever
• difficulty breathing
• nausea or vomiting
• muscle spasms
• rapid heart rate
• swelling of the lips and throat
• confusion
• loss of consciousness

If you feel ill or experience flu-like symptoms in the days following an insect or arachnid bite, see a doctor for tests to rule out infections or diseases you may have contracted from the animal.

While not every insect bite or sting can cause an infection or disease, some insects can transmit diseases this way.

These insects and the diseases they may transmit can include:

• Mosquitos: insect-borne diseases such as malaria, West Nile virus, dengue fever, yellow fever, and several viruses that cause encephalitis
• Fleas: bacterial infection, rarely
• Flies: insect-borne diseases
• Sand flies: leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease, though cases occur tropical and subtropical environments
• Lice: epidemic typhus, Bartonella quintana infection, and epidemic relapsing fever
• Chiggers: scrub typhus, though most cases occur in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, China, Japan, India, and northern Australia
• Ticks: tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado tick fever, tularemia, ehrlichiosis
• Kissing bugs: Chagas disease
• Deer flies: tularemia

Many people are aware they’ve been bitten or stung because they see the insect or arachnid shortly after the attack.

Although you shouldn’t further provoke an attacking insect or arachnid, try to preserve the animal if it dies following the bite or sting. Its identity may help a doctor properly diagnose your symptoms.

This is especially important for a spider bite, as some species have dangerously potent venom.

The majority of bites and stings can be treated at home, especially if your reaction is mild.

To treat a bite or sting:

• Remove the stinger if it’s lodged in your skin.
• Wash the affected area.
• Apply an ice pack to reduce pain and swelling.

Topical anti-itch creams, oral pain relievers, and antihistamines may be used to combat uncomfortable symptoms.

You may also want to consider applying a thin paste of baking soda and water to the sting to calm the itching.

Call 911 or your local emergency services number immediately if symptoms of a severe reaction are present.

First aid instructions while waiting for paramedics to arrive include:

• loosening the victim’s clothing
• laying them on their side
• performing CPR if breathing or the heartbeat stops

If you believe a spider of the black widow or brown recluse variety has bitten you, contact 911 or local emergency services immediately even if symptoms seem minor or haven’t emerged.

Scorpion bites also should be treated as an emergency, and 911 or local emergency services should be contacted, regardless of symptoms.

Most bites and stings heal by themselves after several days of mild discomfort.

Monitor the affected site for signs of infection. Contact a doctor if the wound appears to be getting worse or hasn’t healed after several weeks.

Bites and stings that cause severe reactions can be fatal if they aren’t treated immediately.

Once you’ve experienced a severe allergic reaction, a doctor will likely prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector. Epinephrine is a hormone that can prevent anaphylactic shock.

Carry the auto-injector with you at all times to reverse the reaction immediately following a bite or sting.

If you need help finding a primary care doctor, then check out our FindCare tool here.

Use caution when near nests or hives containing aggressive insects. Hire professionals who have the proper safety equipment to remove a nest or hive.

When spending time outside, take preventive measures, such as:

• wearing hats and clothing that provide full coverage
• wearing neutral colors and avoiding floral patterns
• avoiding perfume and scented lotion
• keeping food and drinks covered
• using citronella or insect repellent
• using permethrin on clothing to prevent black-legged tick bites

Article Resources

• Ellwanger JH, et al. (2021). Variability in human attractiveness to mosquitoes. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X21000522
• Bites and stings: Insects. (n.d.). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/bites-and-stings-insects
• Body lice: Disease. (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/body/disease.html
• Goldman BS, et al. (2022). Caterpillar and moth bites. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539851/
• McKeown N, et al. (2014). Verified spider bites in Oregon (USA) with the intent to assess hobo spider venom toxicity. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041010114000920
• Parasites – American trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas disease). (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/
• Powers J, et al. (2022). Insect bites. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537235/
• Preventing tick bites. (2020). https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/avoid/on_people.html
• Typhus fevers. (2020). https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/index.html

Insect stings – Evidence-based medicine for all

Insect stings are puncture wounds or cuts caused by insects. The insect may bite in self-defense or in search of food.

Insects usually inject formic acid when they bite. This can lead to blistering, inflammation, redness, swelling, pain, itching and irritation.

The reaction depends on the type of insect and the sensitivity of the person. Flea, tick and mosquito bites usually cause itching, not pain.

In this article, we will look at the types of insects that bite, how people react, and how to treat a bite.

What insects bite?

The effect of an insect bite can vary, from mild irritation to serious illness.

The most common types of biting insects are:

• bed bugs
• fleas
• flies, e.g. horseflies
• midges
• gnus
• mosquitoes
• pliers

Spiders are not strictly speaking insects, but they can also bite.

People react to bites in different ways. In one person, the bite may cause a slight, itchy swelling that resolves in a few days. In another, the same bite may cause a more severe reaction.

An infection may develop at the site of the bite, causing redness, localized fever, and hardening of the skin around the bite area with pus from the wound.

Scratching the bite site can also lead to infection and hardening of the skin. This process is called “ lichenification “.

People who work outdoors or regularly participate in outdoor activities are at higher risk of insect bites.

In colder climates, the risk of contracting diseases from insect bites is low. However, closer to the equator, the ambient temperature is much higher. Here, insect bites can lead to infection with malaria, sleeping sickness, dengue fever or the Zika virus.

Insect bite reaction

Insect bites usually cause a small, itchy bump on the skin. Sometimes the bite itself can be seen as a tiny hole. The swelling may fill with fluid. Sometimes inflammation develops around the bite area.

Insect bites usually resolve within a few days without the need for medical attention.

Some people have an allergic reaction to insect stings. However, stings rarely cause a severe allergic reaction, unlike insect stings.

The following may indicate a severe allergic reaction:

• profuse macular rash that may spread to other parts of the body
• shortness of breath
• chest pain
• cramping pains in the abdomen
• weakness or dizziness
• nausea
• palpitations
• severe swelling that may develop in another part of the body, far from the area of ​​the bite, such as swelling of the tongue or lips
• very severe itching
• wheezing when breathing.

These symptoms require immediate medical attention.

Some people may develop a stronger reaction when they are bitten again by the same insect species. Sensitization may occur, in which a person becomes more sensitive to the insect’s saliva.

When an insect sting area becomes infected, the following symptoms may appear:

• pus in or around a bite wound
• swollen lymph nodes
• fever
• feeling unwell
• flu-like symptoms

Redness, pain, and swelling in the bite area may increase.

Sometimes an itchy papule or blister appears and persists for several days. Eventually, after a few stings, most people become immune and insensitive to insect saliva.

Allergic reactions to insect stings usually last no more than a few hours, but sometimes they can last for months. In this case, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Spider bites

Spiders are not insects, but they can bite too. Some spider bites are quite dangerous to humans.

Brown recluse sting

For example, the bite of a brown recluse spider causes only a mild burning sensation at the time of the bite. However, it can be very dangerous, causing tissue death and severe pain.

Redness appears in the bite area. Within about 8 hours, the pain may become intense.

A fluid-filled blister forms at the bite site. Then the bubble disappears, leaving behind a deep, growing ulcer.

Sometimes this ulcer resolves without any additional complications. However, in other cases, the ulcer enlarges, or bacteria begin to multiply in it.

Symptoms include mild fever, lethargy, nausea, and sometimes a rash. Fatal outcomes are rare but possible, especially in young children. If you have a growing sore or redness and infection after recent contact with a brown recluse, see your doctor.

Black Widow Bite

Black Widow is one of the most venomous spiders, but its bite is rarely fatal. The bite feels like a prick with a needle. There may be slight swelling and faded red spots, but after a few hours there is spasm and severe pain.

Also possible:

• chills
• fever
• nausea
• severe abdominal pain

If you suspect a black widow bite and severe pain and spasm appear in the area of ​​the bite, you should immediately seek medical help.

Depending on the severity of the reaction to the venom, doctors may decide to administer a therapeutic anti-venom serum.

Black widow bites often leave marks and the person may experience swelling, muscle pain, and spasms around the bite area.

Brown Widow

Brown widows are native to southern California and are often found in buildings, vehicles, and vegetation. They are generally less aggressive than black widows, but their venom is stronger. Brown widow bites are relatively harmless.

Funnel tarantulas (Dipluridae)

Funnel tarantulas weave distinctive funnel webs that make them easy to identify. They are found throughout North America and are one of the deadliest spider species in the world. An antidote has been developed, but it must be administered immediately after the bite.

Wolf spiders (Lycosidae)

Wolf spiders are distributed throughout the United States of America and are unique in that they do not spin webs. They are large and furry, and people often mistake them for tarantulas. Wolf spider bites are venomous and often very painful. However, they are not fatal.

Yellow bag spider (Cheiracanthium inclusum)

Yellow bag spiders are common throughout the United States, often found indoors. After being bitten by a yellow bag spider, redness and swelling usually appear.

Brown recluse

The brown recluse spider most often lives in the darkest parts of the house. It is attracted to warm and dry climates, so recluse spiders are found mainly in the southern and central regions of the United States. Recluse spider bites usually do not cause symptoms, but in rare cases, hemolysis or destruction of red blood cells is possible.

American wandering spider

The American wandering spider first appeared in Europe and now lives in various states of North America. Most often, it is found in hard-to-reach places and cracks both inside and outside the house. After a bite from a wandering spider, redness and swelling often appear in the affected area.

Salpuga

Salpugs are desert dwellers, and people often mistake them for scorpions. Although painful, their bites are not fatal to humans.

Tick bites

A tick bite usually resolves within 3 weeks, but if bits of the insect’s mouth remain in the skin, symptoms may persist. Ticks are commonly found in tall grass and around deer habitats.

Tick ​​bites are usually painless, but swelling may occur at the site of the bite. However, ticks can cause Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and other diseases that can lead to serious health problems.

Midges, mosquitoes and midges

Bites usually cause small, itchy bumps or papules. Sensitive people may develop blisters.

Diseases such as malaria, zika virus, dengue fever, yellow fever and encephalitis can be transmitted through mosquito bites.

Fleas

A flea bite usually results in a blister that peaks in 5-30 minutes and then turns into a firm papule within 12-24 hours. In people who are sensitive to insect bites, itching around the area of ​​the bite may persist for a week or more.

Fleas can transmit diseases such as typhus and Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) or plague.

Horseflies

A horsefly bite can be painful. The following symptoms are possible:

• dizziness
• Possible itching of eyes and lips, with pink or red swelling
• fatigue
• general weakness
• urticaria, blistering rash
• wheezing when breathing

Horsefly bites can take a long time to heal, because when bitten, this insect cuts the skin.

Bed bugs

Initial bed bug bites usually do not cause a reaction, but people with high sensitivities may develop spots or papules after the next bite.

Bed bugs are a major public health problem.

To get rid of bed bugs, throw away the mattress and wash sheets and clothes in very hot water.

Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are very small flies that are found mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, from the rainforests of Brazil to the deserts of Western Asia.

They are about 3 millimeters (mm) long and are gold, brown or grey.

In the past, they were rare in the US, but can now be found in the southern states. In 2012, people reported mosquitoes in Kansas and Missouri. Mosquitoes prefer deciduous forests and usually bite from sunrise to sunset.

People may also be bitten by mosquitoes while traveling or serving in the military abroad.

Mosquito bites can be painful and itchy. Red papules and blisters may appear, in some cases ulcers.

Mosquitoes are also capable of transmitting diseases such as leishmaniasis and the Heartland virus. Leishmaniasis is a serious disease that can lead to skin ulcers, fever, and a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood, depending on the type.

Heartland virus is another serious infection that usually requires hospitalization.

Risk factors

The risk of an insect bite depends on the environment.

Common sources of fleas are pets, crowded communities with poor hygiene standards, and bird nests. Moving into a new home that has been vacant for a while can activate dormant fleas.

Bed bugs prefer old furniture and upholstery. They usually live in rental properties and low-income hotels. They live in mattresses, clothes and so on.

Some people are at higher risk of being bitten by ticks and mice because of their profession.

Travel and camping can also increase the risk of insect bites.

Diagnosis

Insect bites are usually easy to diagnose, but a person will only see a doctor if the reaction is severe.

Treatment

If the symptoms persist or are severe, it is recommended to consult a dermatologist.

A mild and limited reaction usually resolves within a few days.

A cold compress on the affected area, oral pain relievers, steroid cream, or an anesthetic may relieve discomfort.

Sometimes antihistamines help. A variety of bite remedies can be purchased over the counter (OTC) or online.

A more severe local allergic reaction may require oral antihistamines or oral pain medications.

In more severe cases of swelling, your doctor may prescribe oral steroids.

Small, itchy papules or rashes near the bite may be treated with an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisone, or an oral antihistamine.

Scratching the skin or opening a blister can allow bacteria to enter and cause an infection.

For severe skin reactions and more general symptoms, the doctor may refer the patient to a specialist for desensitization or treatment of the allergic reaction.

If symptoms worsen or do not improve, seek medical attention.

If bitten by fleas, ticks or bed bugs, try to find their habitat. If the source of these insects comes from a pet, the pet will need to be treated, and bedding, upholstered furniture, and carpets throughout the home will also need to be treated.

Bed bugs require a pest control company to be called in to disinfect the home. To prevent bed bugs, wash your bedding at a high temperature and replace old pillows and mattresses.

Tick bites

Remove the tick immediately to reduce the risk of infection such as Lyme disease.

The best way is to grab the tick as close to the skin as possible, preferably with tweezers, and carefully pull it straight up, making sure that no parts remain in the skin.

Do not twist or pull the tick, as this may break off parts of the insect and remain in the skin. Vaseline, alcohol, or a lit match are also ineffective.

After removing the tick, wash hands and bite area with soap and water and apply antiseptic.

Scratching increases the chance of swelling and the risk of infection. In most cases, tick bites heal within 2-3 weeks.

If you develop a rash around your armpit, thighs, or groin, or if you experience flu-like symptoms after a tick bite, see your doctor. The doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics to prevent Lyme disease.

Complications

Scratching the bite area and breaking the integrity of the skin can lead to a secondary bacterial infection such as cellulitis, lymphangitis, or impetigo. These infections are treated with antibiotics.

Some ticks carry diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease.

Borrelia burgdorferi, a bacterium carried by some ticks, causes Lyme disease. A person develops a red rash that spreads in breadth. Antibiotics can also help treat Lyme disease.

Left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to meningitis, facial paralysis, radiculopathy and, in rare cases, encephalitis. Other risks include joint damage leading to arthritis and heart problems.

Different types of mosquitoes carry different diseases, such as West Nile virus and malaria.

Prophylaxis

The following measures can help prevent insect bites, especially in warm weather:

• use mechanical barriers such as window screens or screens
• avoid wooded, shrubby and grassy areas
• Avoid strong-smelling cosmetics and clothing in bright colors
• close drinks and trash cans
• wear long sleeves and long trousers tucked into shoes or socks and wear a hat
• Check for stagnant water in various containers as this creates a breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Insect repellent

You may need to use insect repellent or repellant. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had to issue a permit for the use of the active ingredient in the spray. You can spray repellent on clothing, but avoid getting it on your face. Carefully follow the instructions for use of the product.

Insect repellents are not suitable for babies. If the child is under 10 years old, the repellent must contain no more than 10 percent DEET. Eucalyptus oil can be effective, but it is not suitable for children under 3 years of age.

Insect repellent can be purchased online. If repellents will be used on children, make sure they contain no more than 10 percent DEET.

Do not apply insect repellant to your child’s hands, around the eyes, cuts or irritated skin.

When using insect repellent and sunscreen, apply sunscreen first.

There are clothes, shoes and camping equipment for sale that have been treated with permethrin by manufacturers. Permethrin spray is sold online. Set up tents away from water or swamps.

Travelers should check if there is a risk of infection in the area they plan to visit and take the necessary precautions.

Local health authorities and park authorities can provide information on tick habitats. If visiting such an area cannot be avoided, walk in the center of the paths to prevent contact with vegetation.

Insect bite

Many parents of small children know firsthand that the very delicate skin of their child reacts very actively to mosquito bites . In children, allergies, in this case, may not be severe, but babies, as a rule, cannot tolerate even the slight itching that appears after a bite, and scratch their skin heavily.

In recent years, pediatric allergists have noted that mosquito and other insect bites are becoming more and more dangerous, not only for babies, but also for their parents. Allergies to the bite of can be severe, with fever, fever, choking, nausea, and chills. Experts believe that the reason for this is the deterioration of the environmental situation around the world and the weakening of the immune system in the younger generation.

Mosquito bites: allergy in children and its manifestations

If the child has a fever and there is a lot of redness around the place where the proboscis of the insect penetrated the skin, a doctor should be called immediately. Otherwise, if no action is taken, then simple mosquito bites in children will cause not only allergies, but also a more serious illness. Having noticed a strong allergic reaction to a bite while waiting for a doctor, you should not sit back, you should apply cold to the bite site for a short time, which will relieve swelling. But even if the body temperature does not rise, but every insect bite becomes a real problem, it is also necessary to see a specialist who will allow you to choose the right salvation from the problem in each individual case. Some parents think that allergy to the bite of bloodsucking can be easily cured with the use of specialized ointments, gels, sprays. But doctors warn all parents against using commonly sold remedies for insect bites, since, for example, if a child is prone to allergies, then these remedies can only be used with great caution, and in some cases not at all.

Allergy: wasp poses a great danger to human life

Not only mosquito bites pose a danger to humans. For example, wasps, which fortunately bite much less often, can cause a severe allergic reaction. After all, even completely healthy people do not immediately move away from their bite. Well, if a person is predisposed to allergies, then if medical assistance is not provided to the stung in time, the matter can end very badly, even death. Allergy to a wasp , more precisely, to its sting, manifests itself almost instantly, which should not be forgotten …

one insect bite. Therefore, if suddenly, you are stung by a wasp and there is a headache, fever, swelling, signs of suffocation or other signs of deterioration in well-being, you should consult a doctor or an ambulance, where specialists will help relieve an allergy attack.