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köstliche frische junge champignons in scheiben geschnitten in cremiger sauce – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Köstliche frische junge Champignons in Scheiben geschnitten in. ..

Köstliche frische junge Champignons in Scheiben geschnitten in cremiger Sauce, die in einer schwarzen Pfanne gekocht wird

set von verschiedenen waldpilze und fliegenpilze. vektor-illustration im flachen cartoon-stil – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Set von verschiedenen Waldpilze und Fliegenpilze. Vektor-Illustrat

Sammelset verschiedener Pilzarten für Lebensmittel und giftige Pilze Gruppe Fliegenpilz Symbole. Herbstwaldpflanzenkonzept. Isolierte Vektorsymbolillustration auf weißem Hintergrund im Cartoon-Stil

frühmorgendliches wachstum von pilzen auf dem feuchten waldboden – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Frühmorgendliches Wachstum von Pilzen auf dem feuchten Waldboden

nahaufnahme von einen großen steinpilz im wald. – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme von einen großen Steinpilz im Wald.

Seitliche Aufnahme von einen allein stehender Steinpilz (Boletus edulis) der im Wald wächst.

suillus luteus pilz isoliert auf weißem grund – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Suillus luteus Pilz isoliert auf weißem Grund

Suillus luteus Pilz isoliert auf weißem Hintergrund

feinschmeckergericht mit fleisch, kürbis, pfifferlingen und parmesansalatgarnitur – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Feinschmeckergericht mit Fleisch, Kürbis, Pfifferlingen und…

trompetenflechten baumstamm – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Trompetenflechten Baumstamm

champignons. zum ausmalen von buchseiten. – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Champignons. Zum Ausmalen von Buchseiten.

viele pilze im korb – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

viele Pilze im Korb

viele Pilze in einem Korb

nahaufnahme von wildpilzen – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme von Wildpilzen

nahaufnahme von weißem schimmel, der auf erde im blumentopf wächst, übermäßige bewässerung und feuchter boden fördern das schimmelwachstum – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme von weißem Schimmel, der auf Erde im Blumentopf wächst

Nahaufnahme von weißem Schimmel, der auf Erde im Blumentopf wächst, übermäßiges Gießen und feuchter Boden fördern das Schimmelwachstum.

nahaufnahme eines verschimmelt orange auf weißem hintergrund – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme eines verschimmelt Orange auf weißem Hintergrund

niedliches fliegenpilz im flachen stil, vektornahtloses muster – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Niedliches Fliegenpilz im flachen Stil, vektornahtloses Muster

Niedlicher Fliegenpilz im flachen Stil, Vektor nahtloses Muster.

pilze – fungus stock-fotos und bilderabgestandene avocado vor weißem hintergrund – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Abgestandene Avocado vor weißem Hintergrund

Altbackene Avocado vor weißem Hintergrund

nahaufnahme von kleinen braunen pilzen, die in einem plastiktopf einer monstera-pflanze wachsen, pilzbefall in der blumenerde von zimmerpflanzen – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme von kleinen braunen Pilzen, die in einem Plastiktopf…

mushroom beef stroganoff mit rotwein auf rustikalen texturen – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Mushroom Beef Stroganoff mit Rotwein auf rustikalen Texturen

frische steinpilze auf mit hintergrund isoliert – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Frische Steinpilze auf mit Hintergrund isoliert

amethyst deceiver pilze – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Amethyst Deceiver Pilze

pilz- und spargelrisotto – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilz- und Spargelrisotto

Auf der Seite eines Pilz-Spargel-Risottos, serviert auf einer weißen Schale mit einer Gabel, einem Glas Weißwein und einer Reibe und Spargel auf einem Schneidebrett, umgeben von einem karierten Tuch. Vertikales Bild

zwei kleine pilze mit hell leuchtenden kappen stehen im feuchten moos. – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zwei kleine Pilze mit hell leuchtenden Kappen stehen im feuchten…

legen sie den strahlungskoffer, den sauren regen und die radioaktive wolke, den radioaktiven schild, die reagenzglasstrahlung, den kernreaktorarbeiter, das atom und das warndokumentsymbol fest. vektor – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Legen Sie den Strahlungskoffer, den sauren Regen und die…

gnocchi pasta mit kürbis – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Gnocchi Pasta mit Kürbis

Gnocchi Pasta mit Kürbis, Pilzen und Haselnüssen. Kürbis-Pasta-Mahlzeit serviert in einer Schüssel auf blauem Tisch.

verspritzte faule tomaten, die auf weiß isoliert sind. schimmelige, spritzige und verwöhnte tomaten. – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Verspritzte faule Tomaten, die auf Weiß isoliert sind….

Obst, Gemüse mit einer Krankheit

eine nahaufnahme mit einem erkrankten aprikosenblatt – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Eine Nahaufnahme mit einem erkrankten Aprikosenblatt

nasser schiefer mit flechte 2 – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nasser Schiefer mit Flechte 2

fliegenpilze wachsen auf einem alten baumstamm im moos – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Fliegenpilze wachsen auf einem alten Baumstamm im Moos

Fliegenpilze unterschiedlicher Größe wachsen in dichtem grünem Moos auf einem alten Baumstamm

wald pilze skizze. vintage-pflanzen, gravur pilz. isolierte pfifferling shiitake champignon, leckere kochzutat vektor-set – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Wald Pilze Skizze. Vintage-Pflanzen, Gravur Pilz. Isolierte…

Waldpilz-Skizze. Vintage-Pflanzen, Gravurpilze. Isolierte Chanterelle Shiitake Champignon, leckeres Kochzutaten-Vektor-Set. Pilz und Pfifferling, essbare Skizze Gemüseillustration

glücklicher mann mit korb pflücken pilze im wald – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

glücklicher Mann mit Korb pflücken Pilze im Wald

Pflücksaison und Freizeitkonzept – Glücklich lächelnder Mann mittleren Alters mit Weidenkorb voller Pilze im Herbstwald

pilze – fungus stock-fotos und bilderdie identifizierung von pilzen erfordert ein grundlegendes verständnis ihrer makroskopischen struktur – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Die Identifizierung von Pilzen erfordert ein grundlegendes Verstän

Herauszufinden, zu welcher Gattung Ihr Pilz gehört, wird manchmal einfacher, indem Sie wissen, ob er Amyloid-, Inamyloid- oder Dextrinoidsporen enthält oder nicht

gegrillte pilzspieße, grill von pilzen draufsicht. – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Gegrillte Pilzspieße, Grill von Pilzen Draufsicht.

pilz handgezeichneten vektor-illustration. skizze küche zeichnen iso – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Pilz handgezeichneten Vektor-Illustration. Skizze Küche zeichnen…

Von Pilzen handgezeichnete Vektorillustration. Isolierte Sketch-Food-Zeichnung . Champignon, Morchel, Trüffel, Enokitake, Steinpilze, Austern, Honigpilz, Pfifferling Holz Ohr Shiitake Bio vegetarisches Produkt

pilze set – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilze Set

frische pilze im behälter – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

frische Pilze im Behälter

Nahaufnahme von frischen Champignons, Champignons, im Behälter

pilze auf weißem hintergrund. – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Pilze auf weißem Hintergrund.

gekochter weißer reis mit pilz eine schüssel auf holzhintergrund. – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Gekochter weißer Reis mit Pilz eine Schüssel auf Holzhintergrund.

fliegen agaric pilz hundekostüm – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Fliegen Agaric Pilz Hundekostüm

Lustige Französische Bulldogge im einzigartigen Fliegenpilzkostüm steht im orangefarbenen Herbstwald mit Kopierraum

waldpilzen – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Waldpilzen

Essbarer und leckerer Waldpilz. Boletus Edulis – Steinpilze

in der pfanne gebratene champignons – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

In der Pfanne gebratene Champignons

steinpilze pilze in den herbstlichen wald – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Steinpilze Pilze in den herbstlichen Wald

Steinpilze auf Moos im Wald und Sonnenlicht. Gesund und delikates Essen.

set von isolierten niedlichen pilzen – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Set von isolierten niedlichen Pilzen

Satz isolierter niedlicher Pilze

birke bolete pilze, pfennig, roh gezapften schmier-stiel und auf weißem isoliertem hintergrund – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Birke Bolete Pilze, Pfennig, roh gezapften Schmier-Stiel und auf. ..

vektor nahtlose bordüre aus bunten cartoon-giftpilzen und farnstielen isoliert vom hintergrund. amanita, falsche pilze und kräuter. – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Vektor nahtlose Bordüre aus bunten Cartoon-Giftpilzen und…

frische waldpilze, boletus edulis (königsbolete), pfennigbrötchen, steinpilz, steinpilz, steinpilz in einer alten schüssel, teller und rosmarinpetersilienkräuter auf dem dunkelbraunen holztisch, hintergrund – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Frische Waldpilze, Boletus edulis (Königsbolete), Pfennigbrötchen,

Frische Waldpilze, Boletus edulis (Königspilze), Pfennigbrötchen, Steinpilze, Steinpilze, Pilze in einer alten Schüssel, Teller und Rosmarinpetersilienkräuter auf dem dunkelbraunen Holztisch, Draufsicht Hintergrund

meripilus giganteus – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Meripilus giganteus

frisches gemüse holzkiste. bio-zucchini, tomaten, kartoffeln, paprika, zwiebeln, karotten, pilze in holzkiste. – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Frisches Gemüse Holzkiste. Bio-Zucchini, Tomaten, Kartoffeln,…

eine gruppe jüngerer honigpilze in grünem moos – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Eine Gruppe jüngerer Honigpilze in grünem Moos

Eine Gruppe jüngerer Honigpilze in grünem Moos mit verschwommenem Hintergrund

weißer pilz pilze, die in zimmerpflanzen wachsen – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Weißer Pilz Pilze, die in Zimmerpflanzen wachsen

Pilze, die auf Zimmerpflanzen angebaut werden, aufgrund von zu viel Bewässerung. Pflanzen auf Balkonterrasse. Bild aufgenommen in London, UK im September 2022

ein mann kauft frische champignon-pilze auf einer bauernmesse, nimmt weiße champignon-pilze aus dem regal, um zu hause zu kochen. nahaufnahme der hände. pilzkonsumkonzept. – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Ein Mann kauft frische Champignon-Pilze auf einer Bauernmesse,…

Ein Mann kauft frische Champignon-Pilze auf einer Bauernmesse, nimmt weiße Champignon-Pilze aus dem Regal, um sie zu Hause zu kochen. Nahaufnahme der Hände. Pilzkonsumkonzept.

psilocybin pilze – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Psilocybin Pilze

Psilocybin-Pilz im Kapselhintergrund gemahlen

austernpilz auf weißem hintergrund – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Austernpilz auf weißem Hintergrund

aquarellset aus grobem steinpilz und herbstlichen espenblättern – fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Aquarellset aus grobem Steinpilz und herbstlichen Espenblättern

Rauer Steinpilz. Herbst-Espenblätter. Speisepilz. botanische Illustration. Aquarelle auf weißem Hintergrund. Isolierte Objekte

rinder-stroganoff, champignon-fleisch-ragout mit sahnesauce – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Rinder-Stroganoff, Champignon-Fleisch-Ragout mit Sahnesauce

Rinderstroganoff, Pilz- und Fleischragout mit Sahnesauce, traditionelles russisches Gericht, in einer Pfanne, Overhead-Aufnahme auf schwarzem Hintergrund

frische pilze kochen in der pfanne – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

frische Pilze kochen in der Pfanne

zutaten für rustikale pilzspinat pasta. pilze, spinat, knoblauchzehe, pinienkerne, gewürze und petersilie auf holzhintergrund – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zutaten für rustikale Pilzspinat pasta. Pilze, Spinat,…

Zutaten für rustikale Pilzspinat-Nudeln. Pilze, Spinat, Knoblauchzehe, Pinienkerne, Gewürze, Olivenöl und Petersilie auf Holzgrund

pizza mit pilzen auf holztisch. italienisches essen – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pizza mit Pilzen auf Holztisch. Italienisches Essen

frische waldpilze, boletus edulis (king bolete), penny bun, cep, steinpilze in einer alten schale, teller auf dem dunkelbraunen holztisch, top view hintergrund banner panorama – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Frische Waldpilze, Boletus edulis (King Bolete), Penny Bun, Cep,…

Frische Waldpilze, Steinpilze, Steinpilze, Steinpilze, Steinpilze in einer alten Schale, Teller auf dem dunkelbraunen Holztisch, Draufsicht Hintergrundbannerpanorama

frische pilze in einer schüssel – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Frische Pilze in einer Schüssel

Nahaufnahme von Speisepilzen in einer Schüssel. Frische Pilze zum Kochen in der Küche.

rizomorph myzel schnur – fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Rizomorph Myzel Schnur

Rizomorphe Myzelschnur auf Totholz

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Nail fungus (Onychomycosis): causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention

This disease is treated by a Dermatologist-venerologist

The information provided on this page should not be used for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. If you suspect a disease, you should seek help from a qualified specialist. Only your doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Article content:

  • Symptoms
  • Causes
  • Routes of infection
  • Risk factors
  • Classification
  • Complications
  • Diagnostics
  • Treatment
  • Prophylaxis

Onychomycosis is the name given to the defeat of the nail plates of the extremities by various types of fungal microflora. The clinical picture of nail fungus on the hands, mycosis of the feet depends on the type of pathogen and the severity of the pathological process Source:
Modern possibilities of therapy of foot onychomycosis. Tlish M.M., Shavilova M.E. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2019. №2. p.202-213
.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of the history, examination of the patient (external and under the Wood’s lamp), microscopy of scrapings, followed by tank culture. How to cure the disease? Therapy is prescribed by a doctor. Combined therapies are commonly used.

The disease develops gradually. One of the first signs is the formation of cracks and peeling of the skin of the toes. If you do not immediately start treatment, then the pathogen gradually passes to the nails.

Then the disease develops in stages:

  • whitish stripes and spots appear on the nails;
  • the nail changes color, becomes grey-white, yellow or brown;
  • there is a deformation and thickening of the plate, it gradually begins to lag behind the bed;
  • the nail is destroyed.

The fungus lives under the nail and constantly multiplies, expanding the affected area. Treatment at this stage is difficult, since the nail protects the pathogen from the external effects of local drugs.

In addition to changes in the appearance of the plate, other symptoms appear that begin to cause discomfort to the patient:

  • severe itching, burning of the skin in the lesion;
  • keratinization of the skin;
  • the appearance of weeping lesions;
  • fatigue;
  • drowsiness.

Prolonged exposure to the pathogen weakens the body’s immune defenses. This can lead to an exacerbation of chronic diseases. Therefore, when the first symptoms appear, you need to contact the clinic and undergo an examination. The sooner treatment is started, the better the prognosis.

Causes

Nail damage is caused by the following species:

  • Candida;
  • dermatophytes;
  • fungi.

Depending on which fungus has got on the nails and skin, the symptoms and treatment may differ. Damage to the nails of the lower extremities occurs 10 times more often than the upper ones.

After infection, the pathogenic flora penetrates into the bed, nail plate, proximal ridge and matrix. Nails do not have an effective immune defense, therefore they are extremely susceptible to various infections. Source:
Onychomycosis: treatment and prevention. Lykova S., Nemchaninova O., Spitsyna A. Doctor. 2016. №3. pp.11-16. The pathogen, having gained a foothold in a new place, begins to actively multiply, and also produces special enzymes that destroy the nails and facilitate the penetration of the fungus into the deeper layers.

Ways of infection

Most often, infection occurs after direct contact with a sick person or his household items (nail scissors, shoes, and so on). Quite often, infections occur in public places with high humidity.

Penetration of the pathogen is facilitated by small cracks, wounds in the space between the fingers, which occur due to excessive sweating, abrasion, dry skin, flat feet, poor drying after contact with water. Source:
Onychomycosis (epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, treatment). Saliy E.A. DVKS. 2011. No. 1-4. pp.110-114.

Risk factors

There are a number of factors that increase the likelihood of infection.

These include:

  • prolonged uncontrolled use of glucocorticosteroids and other drugs that reduce the body’s immune defenses;
  • a history of mycoses of other organs;
  • frequent injuries and damage to the skin of the limbs, nails;
  • immunodeficiency;
  • presence of fungal infections in family members;
  • playing sports;
  • wearing someone else’s shoes and clothes;
  • wearing closed shoes in countries with humid hot climates;
  • hyperhidrosis of the legs;
  • pathology of the vessels of the legs.

Taking into account how the nails look, the following forms of fungal infection are distinguished:

  • normotrophic – the nail plate retains its natural size and shape, white lines and dots appear on it;
  • hyperkeratotic – the skin under the affected nail thickens, the horny plate becomes dull, the patient begins to experience pain when moving;
  • atrophic – the horny plate is brown, the nail exfoliates from the bed, this is one of the most dangerous stages of the fungus.

The following subtypes of onychomycosis are distinguished by localization:

  • superficial – the horny plate is practically unchanged, there are inclusions on it that resemble powder in appearance;
  • medium – side surfaces are affected;
  • distal – the free edge of the plate is affected;
  • proximal – part of the plate at the base of the hole is affected;
  • total – the entire plate is affected.

Complications

If a person has diseases such as diabetes mellitus or vascular pathologies of the lower extremities, then the absence of treatment for fungal nail diseases can lead to the development of such dangerous complications as diabetic foot. Source:
Mycosis of the feet: how to help active patients. Sakania L.R., Korsunskaya I.M. MS. 2020. No. 12. pp. 24-27 (formation of trophic ulcers of varying severity) and gangrene. With low immunity, the pathogen can spread to the skin, internal organs. Allergic reactions and even asthma can develop.

If the color of the nails changes, their brittleness, it is necessary to contact a dermatologist as soon as possible and undergo an examination. No need to try to self-medicate. This is dangerous and can lead to the development of a number of complications.

At the appointment, the doctor conducts a survey of the patient, collects an anamnesis. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of a visual examination. To confirm it, laboratory methods of research can be prescribed.

The doctor makes a scraping from the affected nail fungus, after which he examines the taken biomaterial under a microscope. In addition, sowing on nutrient media is carried out. This is necessary in order to identify the type of pathogen and establish the degree of its sensitivity to antifungal agents Source:
Modern possibilities of diagnostics and external therapy of onychomycosis. Gerasimchuk E.V. Problems of medical mycology. 2019. No. 4. pp.8-11.

Treatment

Complex treatment of toenail fungus. Running forms are difficult to treat, as the pathogen penetrates into the deep layers of the plate. Long-term treatment is needed to get results. Unfortunately, many patients do not follow the recommendations of doctors and stop therapy after the disappearance of unpleasant symptoms, which leads to a relapse of the disease after a while.

How to treat the disease? Treatment options include antifungal medications (topically and orally) and surgical removal of the affected plate. In most cases, patients are prescribed systemic drugs. Their reception is indicated for all types of disease, especially when most of the nail is affected, several nails are infected at once.

The effectiveness of therapy increases if oral medication is combined with local remedies in the form of ointments, creams, varnishes that are applied to the lesions. With advanced and chronic forms of the disease, therapy is long-term. After some time, it may be necessary to repeat the course of treatment.

Topical agents have virtually no side effects and are well tolerated by patients. They can be prescribed for long courses (up to several months). In especially advanced cases, the affected plate is completely removed.

In addition, salicylic acid is often used to speed up the delivery of local agents to the lesion and increase the effectiveness of therapy.

To avoid re-infection, it is recommended to dry the shoes every day and treat them with antifungal agents or UV light.

No specific prophylaxis. To reduce the risk of infection, the following recommendations should be followed:

  • wear only high-quality, comfortable shoes made from natural fabrics;
  • do not wear other people’s shoes;
  • every day to change socks, tights;
  • strengthen immunity;
  • avoid injuries and wounds to limbs;
  • if indicated, use remedies for hyperhidrosis of the legs;
  • use only your own files, scissors and do not give them to anyone;
  • timely treat infectious diseases;
  • before and after visiting the pool, sauna, gym, apply external antimycotic agents to the nails;
  • eat right;
  • if a disease is detected in one of the family members, treat all residents.

Sources of the article:

  1. Modern possibilities for the treatment of foot onychomycosis. Tlish M.M., Shavilova M.E. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2019. No. 2. p.202-213
  2. Modern possibilities of diagnostics and external therapy of onychomycosis. Gerasimchuk E.V. Problems of medical mycology. 2019. No. 4. p.8-11
  3. Foot mycosis: how to help active patients. Sakania L.R., Korsunskaya I.M. MS. 2020. No. 12. p.24-27
  4. Onychomycosis: treatment and prevention. Lykova S., Nemchaninova O., Spitsyna A. Doctor. 2016. №3. p.11-16
  5. Onychomycosis (epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, treatment). Saliy E.A. DVKS. 2011. No. 1-4. p.110-114

Article published : 1/12/2010
Last updated : 4/23/2023

See also

Psoriasis

Dermatitis

Genital herpes

90,000 causes, first signs, main symptoms. Treatment of onychomycosis in Moscow

Take care of your nails

Nail fungus (medical name onychomycosis) is a fairly common disease. According to doctors, more than 15% of the world’s population suffers from it, although this pathology is diagnosed much less frequently (in 2% of people). This discrepancy is explained simply: the nail fungus does not threaten life, and if it worsens its quality, then in most cases it is very insignificant. Therefore, they do not always turn to a doctor about onychomycosis, trying to cope with the disease on their own or simply leaving it without treatment.

Nail fungus develops rather slowly. Therefore, the first signs of a fungal infection usually escape the attention of the patient. When the changes in the nail caused by the fungus begin to catch your eye, this means that the process has already gone far enough, and it will not be easy to defeat the fungus.

Onychomycosis is often perceived as a cosmetic problem: nails affected by a fungus look ugly. But it is necessary to fight the fungus not only in order to return the correct shape and shine to the nails. If the fungus is left untreated, it will spread further. The big toe nail is usually the first to be affected. If treatment is not started, the fungus passes to other toes, and since we inevitably touch our feet with our hands, then infection with the fungus of the nails and hands is also possible. The fungus also spreads to the skin surrounding the nail, causing it to become irritated and itchy.

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Causes of onychomycosis

Onychomycosis can be caused by various types of fungi. First of all, these are dermatophytes. In second place are yeast fungi of the genus Candida, which are always present in small quantities on human skin (they often affect the nails of the hands). Infection with mold fungi is also possible (usually they are accompanied by other pathogens. Isolated damage by mold fungi is typical not for ours, but for a tropical climate).

The risk of fungal infection increases with age. In children, nail fungus is very rare, and, conversely, in older people it is detected relatively often. At the same time, men suffer from onychomycosis more often than women.

The age specificity of the fungus is explained by the fact that our local immunity decreases over the years, while the natural defense of a young organism, as a rule, suppresses the activity of fungi well, preventing them from colonizing the nail plate. There is a dependence not only on local immunity, but also on the general one. Weakening of general immunity is a favorable background for the development of any fungal infection.

For fungi of the genus Candida, it is enough that there are problems with the immune system: they simply begin to multiply actively. Mushrooms of other species still need to somehow get into our body from the external environment. Some types of mushrooms can be carried by animals. Molds are found everywhere; they are able to reproduce without a host. However, in most cases, the fungal infection spreads from person to person.

Mushrooms love moist environments. Therefore, infection with the fungus often occurs in places where the humidity is high. These are swimming pools, saunas, locker rooms, gyms. Wearing socks and shoes on wet feet can also be a trigger.

If there are wounds and cracks, they allow the infection to get right into the tissues, avoiding the need to storm the protective barrier that forms the surface of our skin.

The spread of fungi is facilitated by negligence regarding personal hygiene: you can not use other people’s slippers, soap, towels. It is precisely because not every family follows this rule that nail fungus often becomes a family disease.

Damage to the nail usually starts from the edge. Dermatophytes penetrate
under the free edge of the nail plate (into the subungual notch). In this case
the pathological process develops mainly in the nail bed. The second way of penetration of fungi is from the nail fold. The fungus Candida usually affects the posterior nail fold first (paronychia occurs), and only then the nail itself suffers. One of the types of dermatophytes (T. mentagrophytes) can penetrate directly through the nail plate.

Symptoms of onychomycosis

Signs of nail fungus

The first sign of a fungal infection is the loss of luster of the nail, turbidity, discoloration. In cases where the infection affects the skin around the nail, itching is observed. If treatment is not started, the fungus begins to destroy the nail plate: the surface of the nail becomes rough, the nail can exfoliate, peel, break, crumble.

Specific manifestations depend on the pathogen, as well as on the location, duration of the pathological process and its form. There are normotrophic, hypertrophic and atrophic forms of fungal infection.


Normotrophic form

It is characterized by the fact that the thickness of the nail plate remains unchanged. The disease manifests itself in the form of white or yellowish spots, which gradually increase in size. In the end, the color of the entire nail changes. The nail plate can peel off, as the fusion of the nail with the subungual tissues is disrupted.

Hypertrophic form

It is characterized by a significant increase in the thickness of the nail plate (due to the growth of the subungual epithelium). The nail acquires a brownish-yellowish or gray color. The nail plate usually actively crumbles. Especially strongly the nail is destroyed from the sides, as a result of which it acquires a claw-like shape.

Atrophic

With this form of fungal infection, the nail becomes thinner and destroyed, starting from the outer edge. Destruction goes deep into the posterior nail fold; the nail bed is filled with a loose mass formed by decaying particles of the epithelium. Eventually, the nail may be completely lost.

Diagnostic methods for onychomycosis

Discoloration and brittle nails should be a reason to visit a dermatologist. You should not replace the doctor and make a diagnosis yourself – you can make a mistake: changes in the nail may have a different reason.

The doctor makes a diagnosis based on a visual examination (a microscope can be used). Laboratory diagnostics is carried out to confirm the diagnosis. It is also necessary in order to establish the type of pathogen (this will allow you to prescribe the most effective treatment).

Laboratory diagnostics

At the appointment, the doctor will make a scraping from the affected nail plate. If the pathological process has affected only the free edge of the nail, then a scraping of the subungual epithelium is also taken.

Microscopy is performed in the laboratory. Cultural studies are also carried out (the material is placed in a favorable environment and see if a colony of fungi appears). Cultural studies allow you to determine which fungi caused the disease.

To accurately diagnose the disease, make an appointment with the specialists of the Family Doctor network.

Treatments for onychomycosis

Treatment for nail fungus

Treatment for nail fungus involves the removal of the affected part of the nail.