How to identify different types of mouth injuries. What are the best treatment options for infected cuts in the mouth. When to seek medical attention for mouth injuries. How to stop bleeding from various parts of the mouth.

Understanding Common Mouth Injuries and Their Causes

Mouth injuries are a frequent occurrence, especially among children. These injuries can range from minor cuts to more severe lacerations that may require medical attention. Understanding the types and causes of mouth injuries is crucial for proper treatment and prevention.

Types of Mouth Injuries

• Tongue injuries
• Upper lip cuts
• Lower lip lacerations
• Injuries to the inner cheeks
• Cuts on the roof of the mouth (hard and soft palate)
• Injuries to the frenulum (the flap under the upper lip)
• Tonsil and throat injuries

The most common mouth injuries are cuts to the tongue or inside of the cheeks, often resulting from accidental biting during eating. Falls are a primary cause of upper lip injuries, while lower lip cuts typically occur when the lip gets caught between the teeth during a fall.

Assessing the Severity of Mouth Injuries

Not all mouth injuries require professional medical attention. However, it’s essential to assess the severity of the injury to determine the appropriate course of action.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Care

Call emergency services or seek immediate medical attention if:

1. There is major bleeding that cannot be stopped
2. The injured person is having trouble breathing
3. There is a gaping cut on the tongue or inside the mouth that may need stitches
4. The injured person has not had tetanus shots
5. There is severe pain that doesn’t improve after 2 hours of pain medication
6. The injured person has difficulty swallowing fluids or saliva
7. The mouth cannot be fully opened or closed
8. The injured person is under 1 year old
9. There are signs of infection, such as increasing pain or swelling after 48 hours

First Aid for Minor Mouth Injuries

For minor mouth injuries, first aid can often be administered at home. Here are some effective techniques for managing common mouth injuries:

Stopping Bleeding from the Upper Lip and Frenulum

Cuts on the inside of the upper lip and tears to the upper labial frenulum (the tissue connecting the upper lip to the upper gum) are common. To stop bleeding:

1. Apply direct pressure by pressing the outer lip against the teeth for 10 minutes
2. Avoid pulling the lip out to examine the injury, as this may restart bleeding
3. Wait at least 3 days before inspecting the injury

Managing Lower Lip Injuries

Lower lip injuries often result in two cuts – one on the outside and one on the inside of the lip. To stop bleeding:

1. Apply direct pressure by pressing the outer lip against the teeth for 10 minutes
2. If bleeding persists, seek medical attention

Treating Tongue Injuries

Tongue injuries rarely require stitches and typically heal quickly. To manage bleeding from a tongue injury:

1. Press on the bleeding site with sterile gauze or a clean cloth for 5 minutes
2. Be aware that some oozing may continue for several hours due to the rich blood supply in the mouth

Preventing Infection in Mouth Injuries

Preventing infection is crucial when dealing with mouth injuries. The mouth harbors numerous bacteria, which can potentially lead to infections if wounds are not properly cared for.

Steps to Prevent Infection

1. Clean the wound gently with warm water
2. Rinse the mouth with a saltwater solution (1/2 teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water) several times a day
3. Avoid touching the wound with dirty hands
4. Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing teeth regularly, being careful around the injured area
5. Avoid foods that may irritate the wound, such as spicy or acidic foods

Is it normal for a healing wound in the mouth to appear white. Yes, it is normal for a healing wound in the mouth to have a white appearance. This is part of the natural healing process and does not necessarily indicate infection.

Recognizing Signs of Infection in Mouth Injuries

Despite preventive measures, infections can still occur. It’s important to recognize the signs of infection to seek timely medical attention.

Common Signs of Infection

• Increasing pain or swelling after 48 hours
• Redness or warmth around the wound
• Pus or discharge from the wound
• Fever
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Unpleasant taste or bad breath

Can a mouth infection spread to other parts of the body. Yes, if left untreated, a mouth infection can potentially spread to other parts of the body, including the neck, jaw, and even the bloodstream. This is why prompt treatment of infected mouth injuries is crucial.

Treatment Options for Infected Cuts in the Mouth

If you suspect that a mouth injury has become infected, it’s important to seek medical attention. The treatment approach will depend on the severity and location of the infection.

Common Treatment Methods

1. Antibiotics: Oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to combat the infection
2. Antiseptic mouthwashes: These can help reduce bacteria in the mouth
3. Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed pain medication may be recommended
4. Drainage: In some cases, the infected area may need to be drained by a healthcare professional
5. Surgical intervention: For severe infections, surgical treatment may be necessary

How long does it typically take for an infected cut in the mouth to heal. With proper treatment, most infected cuts in the mouth will show significant improvement within 3-5 days. However, complete healing may take 1-2 weeks, depending on the severity of the infection and the individual’s overall health.

Special Considerations for Pediatric Mouth Injuries

Children are particularly prone to mouth injuries due to their active lifestyles and developing motor skills. When dealing with pediatric mouth injuries, there are some special considerations to keep in mind.

Unique Aspects of Pediatric Mouth Injuries

• Children may have difficulty communicating the extent of their pain or discomfort
• Pediatric mouths are smaller, making injuries potentially more complex
• Children may be more resistant to treatment or aftercare procedures
• There’s an increased risk of damage to developing teeth or jaw structures

How can parents help children prevent mouth injuries. Parents can help prevent mouth injuries in children by:
1. Ensuring proper use of protective gear during sports activities
2. Childproofing the home to reduce fall risks
3. Teaching children not to run with objects in their mouths
4. Encouraging safe play and discouraging rough horseplay
5. Ensuring car seats and seatbelts are properly used

Long-term Care and Follow-up for Mouth Injuries

While many mouth injuries heal without complications, some may require long-term care or follow-up. This is particularly true for more severe injuries or those that have become infected.

Follow-up Care Guidelines

1. Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with healthcare providers
2. Continue good oral hygiene practices, even after the injury appears healed
3. Monitor for any signs of complications or recurring infection
4. Follow any specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider
5. Consider regular dental check-ups to ensure proper healing and alignment, especially after injuries involving teeth

Are there any long-term complications that can arise from mouth injuries. While most mouth injuries heal without long-term effects, potential complications can include:
1. Scarring
2. Changes in sensation or nerve damage
3. Dental misalignment or damage
4. Chronic pain
5. Difficulty speaking or eating in severe cases
Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers can help identify and address any potential long-term complications.

Mouth injuries, while often minor, can sometimes lead to more serious complications if not properly treated. By understanding the types of injuries, recognizing signs of infection, and knowing when to seek medical attention, you can ensure the best possible outcome for yourself or your child. Remember, proper first aid and preventive measures can go a long way in promoting quick healing and preventing infections. If you’re ever in doubt about the severity of a mouth injury or suspect an infection, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.

Mouth Injury

Is this your child’s symptom?

• Injuries to the lips and mouth
• Includes inner cheeks and the roof of the mouth (hard and soft palate)
• Front of the mouth includes the tongue. Also, includes the flap under the upper lip (frenulum).
• Back of the mouth includes the tonsils and the throat
• Tooth injuries are not covered here

Types of Mouth Injuries

• Tongue. Cuts of the tongue or inside of the cheeks are the most common mouth injury. Usually, due to accidentally biting them during eating. Bites of the tongue rarely need sutures. Even if they gape open a little, the cuts usually heal quickly. If the edges come together when the tongue is still, it needs no treatment.
• Upper Lip. Cuts and bruises of the upper lip are usually due to falls. The piece of tissue joining the upper lip to the gum is the frenulum. A tear of the upper frenulum is very common. It always heals without sutures. However, it will rebleed every time you pull the lip out to look at it.
• Lower Lip. Cuts of the lower lip are usually caused by the teeth. They occur when catching the lip between the upper and lower teeth while falling. Most of these cuts do not connect (don’t go through the lip). These do not need sutures unless the outer cut is gaping.
• Serious injuries are those to the tonsil, soft palate, or back of the throat. Examples of these injuries include falling with a pencil or toothbrush in the mouth. Puncture wounds here can cause a deep space infection in the neck.

When to Call for Mouth Injury

Call 911 Now

• Major bleeding that can’t be stopped
• Trouble breathing
• You think your child has a life-threatening emergency

Call Doctor or Seek Care Now

• Gaping cut of tongue or inside the mouth that may need stitches
• No past tetanus shots. Note: tetanus is the “T” in DTaP, TdaP, or Td vaccines.
• Gaping cut of the lip that may need stitches
• Severe pain and not better 2 hours after taking pain medicine
• Trouble swallowing fluids or spit
• Can’t fully open or close the mouth
• Age less than 1 year old
• Fever and mouth looks infected. Signs are increasing pain or swelling after 48 hours. Note: it’s normal for a healing wound in the mouth to be white.
• You think your child has a serious injury
• You think your child needs to be seen, and the problem is urgent

Contact Doctor Within 24 Hours

• Mouth looks infected and no fever
• Clean cut and no tetanus shot in more than 10 years
• You think your child needs to be seen, but the problem is not urgent

Contact Doctor During Office Hours

• You have other questions or concerns

Self Care at Home

• Minor mouth injury

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If your child’s illness or injury is life-threatening, call 911.

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Care Advice for Minor Mouth Injuries

1. Upper Lip and Frenulum Bleeding – How To Stop:
   • Cuts of the inside of the upper lip are very common.
   • Often, the piece of tissue that connects the upper lip to the upper gum is torn. This tissue is called the upper labial frenulum.
   • The main symptom is oozing tiny amounts of blood.
   • This cut always heals perfectly without sutures.
   • For bleeding from the frenulum, use direct pressure. Press the outer lip against the teeth for 10 minutes.
   • Caution: Once bleeding has stopped, don’t pull the lip out to look at it. Reason: The bleeding will start up again.
   • It’s safe to look at it after 3 days.
2. Lower Lip Bleeding – How to Stop:
   • Most children who fall and bite their lower lip have 2 cuts. They have cuts to both the outside and inside of the lip.
   • Catching the lower lip between the upper and lower teeth causes the 2 cuts. This tends to happen in children with an overbite.
   • Most of these small cuts do not connect with each other.
   • For bleeding from the lip, use direct pressure. Press the outer lip against the teeth for 10 minutes.
3. Tongue Bleeding – How to Stop:
   • Bites of the tongue rarely need sutures.
   • Even if they gape open a little, tongue cuts usually heal quickly. If the edges come together when the tongue is still, it needs no treatment.
   • For tongue bleeding, try to press on the bleeding site with a sterile gauze. You can also use a piece of clean cloth. Do this for 5 minutes if it’s practical.
   • Cuts of the tongue normally tend to ooze a little blood for several hours. This is due to the rich blood supply in the mouth.
   • For constant oozing of blood, can use a moistened tea bag for 10 minutes. (Reason: tannic acid released from the tea bag may stop the oozing).
4. Cold for Pain:
   • Put a piece of ice or popsicle on the spot that was injured.
   • You can also use a cold wet washcloth.
   • Do this for 20 minutes.
5. Pain Medicine:
   • To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol).
   • Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil).
   • Use as needed.
6. Soft Diet:
   • Try to get your child to drink adequate fluids.
   • Goal: Keep your child well hydrated.
   • Cold drinks, milk shakes, popsicles, slushes, and sherbet are good choices.
   • Solids. Offer a soft diet. Also avoid foods that need much chewing. Avoid citrus, salty, or spicy foods.
   • Rinse the wound with warm water right away after meals.
7. What to Expect:
   • Small cuts and scrapes inside the mouth heal up in 3 or 4 days.
   • Infections of mouth injuries are rare.
8. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Pain becomes severe
   • Mouth looks infected (mainly increasing pain or swelling after 48 hours)
   • Fever occurs
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse

And remember, contact your doctor if your child develops any of the ‘Call Your Doctor’ symptoms.

Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.

Last Reviewed: 07/03/2023

Last Revised: 12/30/2022

Copyright 2000-2023. Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

How to heal a deep cut inside the lower lip: First aid and aftercare

A deep cut inside the lower lip may bleed a lot, which can make it difficult to tell whether stitches are necessary. Often, a person can take care of oral injuries at home with first aid.

Cuts inside the mouth heal faster than cuts elsewhere. They can still become infected, though, so getting the right medical care is important.

In this article, we look at the symptoms of a deep cut inside the lip, how to perform first aid, and when to see a doctor.

Cuts inside the lips typically bleed a lot and cause pain. Because of the blood, it can be hard to see how deep a cut is.

Shallow cuts usually heal on their own without stitches, while deep cuts may require medical attention.

Stitches may be necessary if the wound:

• is longer than half an inch
• has ragged or separated edges
• bleeds a lot for more than 5–10 minutes

If there is so much blood that seeing the wound is not possible, apply pressure with a cloth, keep it held down, and seek medical attention.

Also, seek medical attention if the cut:

• looks dirty
• was caused by an animal bite
• was caused by a puncture with a dirty object
• is extremely painful
• could have damaged other parts of the mouth or face

If a cut is not new but has any of the characteristics above, contact a doctor as soon as possible.

Cuts in the mouth can become infected, and symptoms include:

• swelling
• pus
• a fever

A doctor may treat the infection with antibiotics.

Whether a person is waiting for medical treatment or caring for an oral injury at home, first aid can help stem the flow of blood and reduce the risk of infection.

To perform first aid on a deep cut in the mouth:

1. Wash the hands thoroughly.
2. Apply pressure with a clean cloth or bandage for several minutes.
3. Once the bleeding slows or stops, rinse the mouth with cool water to remove any particles from the wound.
4. Try sucking on an ice cube to limit further bleeding and swelling.

If the bleeding does not slow or stop after 5–10 minutes, the person may need professional care.

How doctors treat a deep cut inside the lip will depend on the location and severity of the wound. But they usually begin by cleaning the wound with sterile water or saline and assessing the injury.

Depending on the cause of the cut, the doctor may:

• Administer a local anesthetic so that they can inspect the wound more closely without causing pain.
• Order medical imaging tests to look for foreign objects that may be stuck in the wound.
• Prescribe antibiotics if there is a possibility of infection.
• Order a tetanus shot for a puncture wound, if the person has not had a tetanus booster in the last 5 years.

The doctor may then seal the wound with stitches. They may also provide an antibiotic ointment to help the person keep the wound clean at home.

After receiving medical care, keeping the cut clean gives it the best chance of healing.

The doctor will have provided specific advice, but aftercare may involve taking oral antibiotics or applying an antibiotic product, such as an ointment, to the cut.

The person may also need pain relief medication, anti-inflammatory drugs, or both. Versions of these are available over the counter. If the cut is making eating difficult, stick to softer foods until the pain improves.

If the person has stitches, a doctor may need to remove them later on, depending on the type of thread material, or suture, involved.

Healing times can vary — but cuts inside the mouth tend to heal faster than those elsewhere. A 2018 study found that saliva helps with healing because it contains proteins that promote tissue repair.

Also, as the authors of research from 2013 explain, wounds heal quicker inside the mouth because of the humid environment. And cells in the oral cavity reproduce faster than those elsewhere, speeding up the healing process.

Complications of an injury to the inner lower lip include infection and scarring. Practicing first aid and keeping the wound clean can help prevent infection, but this remains a risk until the wound has fully healed.

It is important to follow a doctor’s guidance and to notify them if the wound seems infected or the person develops a fever.

While many injuries are unavoidable, a person can take a few steps to prevent serious cuts inside the mouth.

Stanford Children’s Health recommend:

• not walking or running with objects inside the mouth
• not biting or chewing on sharp objects, such as pencils
• wearing oral protective gear while playing sports

Also, chewing food slowly and not multitasking during mealtimes may reduce the risk of biting the inner lips or cheeks by accident.

Cuts inside the mouth can bleed a lot, but they do not always need stitches. Shallow cuts often heal on their own, and first aid at home can stem the bleeding and reduce the risk of infection.

However, if a cut is large, deep, or ragged, or if significant bleeding continues after the person has applied pressure for 5–10 minutes, swift medical care may be necessary.

A doctor can treat a deep cut inside the lip and take steps to prevent infection. If necessary, they can administer stitches.

The doctor may also prescribe antibiotics or give a tetanus shot if there is a risk of infection.

If the cut looks infected or was caused by an animal, seek professional treatment right away.

Is HIV transmitted through kissing with the tongue – Is it possible to get infected by kissing on the lips

Is HIV transmitted through a kiss with the tongue – Is it possible to get infected by kissing on the lips

02/10/2020

To answer the question, is it possible to get HIV infection through a kiss, it is important to note that HIV attacks the body’s immune system, in particular CD4 cells (T cells). They help the immune system fight infections. The virus is contained in certain human biological fluids: infection occurs only through contact with these fluids. The virus can enter the body through damaged mucous membranes of the vagina and rectum.

When kissing the tongue and lips, HIV is not transmitted due to the fact that the concentration of the virus in saliva is too low, in addition, saliva has a detrimental effect on the virus. In the oral cavity, the mucous membrane does not contain a sufficient number of HIV-sensitive cells, unlike the mucous membrane of the vagina and rectum.

There are conditions that must be met for virus transmission to be possible:

• Realizable transmission path
  Unprotected sexual contact with penetration, sharing needles and syringes during drug use or medical procedures, from mother to fetus, occupational hazards.
• Transmission factors or conditions facilitating the transmission of the virus
  Trauma to the genital tract mucosa, cut, abrasion, ulcer. The virus is not able to penetrate intact skin.
• The amount of virus must be sufficient to infect
  Saliva, sweat and tears are not relevant body fluids for HIV transmission because the levels of virus in these fluids are considered too low for infection.

Exceptions are situations where there is an admixture of visible blood in the indicated fluids. But even in this case, saliva will be extremely little infectious, since it contains substances that inhibit the virus. And when kissing, it is necessary to take into account the presence of the protective effect of saliva not only of an HIV-positive, but also of an HIV-negative partner.

Based on these conditions, the likelihood of HIV transmission through kissing is considered not just low, but impossible.

Is HIV transmitted through oral sex

The issue of HIV transmission during oral sex has been relevant for a long time. Oral sex is the use of the mouth to stimulate the penis (fellatio), vagina (cunnilingus), or anus (anilingus).

During unprotected oral sex, there is virtually no risk of contracting HIV, but there are a number of factors that affect the likelihood of infection:

• Ejaculation
  During oral sex, when an HIV-positive person acts as an active partner. Semen is an independent risk factor for HIV infection because it contains enough virus to infect. When semen comes into contact with mucous membranes, the likelihood of infection increases;
• Damaged
  Cuts, bleeding gums, abrasions or sores in the mouth. To reduce the risk, periodically you need to undergo preventive examinations and treat oral diseases in a timely manner;
• Oral sex during menses
  Blood carries real risks of HIV infection;
• STD
  Some sexually transmitted infections (syphilis, gonorrhea). These diseases can disrupt the integrity of the mucous membranes, which in turn increases the risk of infection;
• Candidiasis or herpes simplex
  May also affect the integrity of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat.

In general, the risk of contracting HIV through oral sex can be between 0 and 1%, according to studies by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The best way to minimize the risk of infection is to practice safe sex, especially if you have multiple sexual partners, or if you don’t know the partner’s HIV status. Safe intercourse refers to the use of a condom, dental dams for those who engage in cunnilingus or anilingus, or other methods of prevention.

You also need to remember that there is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection – taking antiretroviral drugs in advance, before possible dangerous contact. PrEP is prescribed and supervised by an experienced specialist in the field of HIV infection – an infectious disease doctor. Self-administration and uncontrolled intake may carry risks of unwanted effects and HIV infection.

Does saliva contain HIV

Most people become infected with HIV through unprotected penetrative sex, use of unsterile needles and syringes, or during childbirth and breastfeeding. Only certain body fluids (blood, semen, pre-semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk) contain enough virus to infect a person. These fluids must come into contact with mucous membranes, broken skin, or be injected directly into the bloodstream or tissues (using a needle or syringe) to transmit infection. Mucous membranes vulnerable to HIV are found inside the anus, vagina, penis, and mouth. HIV infection not is transmitted through handshakes, hugs, saliva , kisses, sharing utensils, bed linen, that is, through the household route, through insect bites, ticks, airborne droplets, during sex without penetration (petting).

The amount of virus in saliva is so small that it is not enough for infection. The exception is unprotected oral sex, which under certain conditions can lead to infection. But the risks of this are so small that they are calculated in fractions of a percent.

Author:
Medical resident at the University Hospital H-Clinic
Lobanova Natalya Alexandrovna

Medical editor:
Head of the University Clinic, Ph. D.
Infectious Diseases Doctor Danila Sergeevich Konnov

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How can a cat’s wound be treated?

1. Cat wound dressing
2. Cat wound dressing
3. How to treat deep wounds in a cat?
4. Treatment of purulent wounds
5. Features of care and feeding of cats with wounds

Treatment of a wound in a cat

Wounds in pets are a fairly common occurrence that, perhaps, every cat owner has to deal with. Such damage occurs as a result of the pet’s sloppy behavior in everyday life, fights with their neighbor relatives or representatives of the canine family. Naturally, a lot depends on the origin of the wound: its size, the nature of the damage to the skin, depth, and the possibility of infection. It is on these factors that the choice of tactics for treating wound surfaces will depend, which will alleviate the suffering of the animal, prevent the development of purulent formations and accelerate the healing of damaged tissues.

Treatment of superficial wounds in a cat

Most often in everyday life, for one reason or another, cats receive shallow skin wounds, which their owners can easily manage on their own at home. First of all, an animal that has been injured should be calmed by picking it up and making it feel completely safe. Only after this is it possible to further treat the wound in a cat.

So, how can you treat a cat’s wound? This question worries many pet owners, especially if they are faced with a similar problem for the first time. Treatment of superficial skin lesions in cats should begin with a thorough washing of the wound surface with disinfectants or bactericidal agents. This is necessary to prevent the development of an inflammatory process in the wound with its subsequent suppuration. For reliable disinfection, it is better to use a hydrogen peroxide solution or chlorhexidine solution, which are usually present in any home first aid kit.

When deciding how to treat a cat’s wound at home, one should remember about Levomekol ointment. This external agent has not only an excellent bactericidal effect, but also has an analgesic effect, and also helps to accelerate the regenerative processes of the skin and its rapid healing. It is important to remember that before treating wounds in pets, it is necessary to remove all hair from the skin surfaces in the area of ​​damage, and after applying disinfectants, carefully apply a gauze bandage or bandage the wound if it is on the paw.

How to treat deep wounds in a cat?

Deep and open wounds in cats should be treated by a veterinarian. As a rule, such a laceration in a cat occurs as a result of his skirmish with dogs, therefore, it often needs to be surgically sutured in a veterinary office or clinic. Naturally, before visiting a specialist, the damaged surface should be treated with an antiseptic to avoid infection of soft tissues. After surgical suturing of the edges of the wound, the specialist without fail prescribes outpatient treatment to the animal using external agents that promote the healing of damaged skin and prevent the penetration of infectious agents into its deep layers.

Treatment of purulent wounds

Treatment of purulent wounds in cats is a complex and time-consuming process that pursues several goals at once: elimination of the focus of inflammation, prevention of the spread of infection to neighboring tissues or its entry into the blood, as well as high-quality care for a pet, which will allow him to cope with the disease faster. It is better to entrust the entire process of treating an infected wound in an animal to an experienced veterinarian, who, before treating a purulent wound in a cat, will assess the extent of the spread of inflammation and make the only right decision regarding further tactics and the choice of therapy.

As a rule, in case of suppuration of wounds in cats, the specialist prescribes injectable antibiotics of general action to the animal. Additionally, the wound surface must be treated with an antiseptic solution several times a day, followed by application of ointments to the surface of the wound, drawing out pus and promoting healing of damaged skin surfaces. In some cases, when the infection cannot be stopped by conservative methods, the animal owner is offered surgical excision of the infected tissues or amputation of the pet’s limb damaged by the pathological process.

Care and feeding habits for cats with wounds

A cat that has been diagnosed with a wound should be kept calm until all injuries are completely healed. Such a pet is not recommended to be let out on the street, and it is also necessary to protect it as much as possible from contact with other animals. An important place in the process of rehabilitation of a cat with a wound is feeding. It should be balanced and aimed at fighting infection:

• foods with an irritating effect should be removed from the cat’s diet: smoked meats, sausages, sweets;
• it is necessary to increase the amount of vegetables, which contain vitamins and microelements necessary for stimulating the immune system;
• , you can additionally give a sick cat synthetic vitamin complexes prescribed by a veterinarian.

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