How does acetaminophen and diphenhydramine work. What are the common uses for this medication combination. Are there any potential side effects or drug interactions to be aware of. How should acetaminophen and diphenhydramine be dosed properly.

Understanding Acetaminophen and Diphenhydramine

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is a combination medication that brings together two active ingredients with distinct effects. Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, acts as both a pain reliever and fever reducer. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can cause drowsiness. When combined, these ingredients are primarily used to treat occasional insomnia associated with minor aches and pains.

This medication combination is not intended for treating chronic or recurring sleep issues without pain. It’s specifically designed for short-term use to address both discomfort and sleeplessness simultaneously.

Common Uses and Applications

The primary uses of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine include:

• Treating occasional insomnia linked to minor pain
• Relieving minor aches and pains while promoting sleep
• Managing cold and flu symptoms at night
• Alleviating headaches with associated difficulty sleeping

Do these medications work differently when combined? Indeed, the combination leverages acetaminophen’s pain-relieving properties with diphenhydramine’s sedating effects, creating a synergistic approach to addressing pain-related sleep disturbances.

Mechanism of Action

To understand how this medication combination works, it’s essential to break down the functions of each component:

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen’s exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed to work by:

• Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system
• Modulating pain signaling pathways
• Affecting the hypothalamic heat-regulating center to reduce fever

Diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine functions as an antihistamine by:

• Blocking histamine H1 receptors
• Crossing the blood-brain barrier to induce drowsiness
• Exhibiting anticholinergic effects that can help with certain cold symptoms

How quickly does this combination take effect? The onset of action can vary, but most individuals experience relief within 30 minutes to an hour after ingestion.

Proper Dosage and Administration

Correct dosing is crucial for both efficacy and safety. The typical dosage forms include:

• Oral tablets (various strengths)
• Oral liquid formulations

For adults and children 12 years and older, the general dosage recommendations are:

• 2 tablets or caplets at bedtime
• Do not take more than 2 tablets or caplets in 24 hours
• Do not use for more than 10 days unless directed by a healthcare provider

Is it safe to adjust the dosage on your own? It’s crucial to adhere to the recommended dosage and not exceed it without consulting a healthcare professional. Overdosing on acetaminophen can lead to severe liver damage.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

While generally well-tolerated, acetaminophen and diphenhydramine can cause side effects. Common side effects may include:

• Drowsiness or dizziness
• Dry mouth, nose, or throat
• Constipation
• Blurred vision
• Upset stomach

More serious side effects, though rare, can occur. These may include:

• Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Rapid heartbeat
• Confusion
• Difficulty urinating

Are there any specific groups who should avoid this medication? Individuals with liver disease, alcohol use disorder, or those taking other medications containing acetaminophen should use caution and consult their healthcare provider before using this combination.

Drug Interactions and Contraindications

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine can interact with various substances and medications. Notable interactions include:

• Other medications containing acetaminophen (risk of liver damage)
• Alcohol (increased risk of liver toxicity and enhanced drowsiness)
• MAO inhibitors (can potentiate the effects of diphenhydramine)
• Other antihistamines or sleep aids (increased sedation)

What precautions should be taken when using this medication? Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Avoid alcohol consumption while using this combination, and do not operate heavy machinery or drive until you know how the medication affects you.

Special Considerations for Specific Populations

Certain groups require special attention when considering the use of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine:

Elderly Patients

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of diphenhydramine, potentially experiencing:

• Increased risk of falls
• Greater likelihood of anticholinergic side effects
• Potential for cognitive impairment

Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women

The safety of this combination during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not fully established. Women in these groups should consult their healthcare provider before use.

Children

This combination is generally not recommended for children under 12 years old. For children’s use, consult a pediatrician for appropriate alternatives.

How does the medication’s effects differ in these populations? The elderly may experience more pronounced sedation and an increased risk of adverse effects. Pregnant women should weigh the potential risks against the benefits, as some studies suggest a possible link between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and certain developmental issues in children.

Alternatives and Complementary Approaches

While acetaminophen and diphenhydramine can be effective for occasional use, there are alternative approaches for managing pain and sleep issues:

Non-Pharmacological Methods

• Improved sleep hygiene practices
• Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
• Relaxation techniques (e.g., meditation, deep breathing exercises)
• Physical therapy or gentle exercises for pain management

Alternative Medications

• Non-sedating pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen) for daytime use
• Melatonin for sleep regulation
• Prescription sleep aids for chronic insomnia (under medical supervision)

Can natural remedies be as effective as this medication combination? While some natural remedies may provide relief for mild symptoms, they may not be as potent or fast-acting as pharmaceutical options. Always consult with a healthcare provider before substituting prescribed medications with alternative treatments.

Long-Term Use and Dependency Concerns

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is intended for short-term use only. Prolonged use can lead to several issues:

• Tolerance to diphenhydramine’s sedative effects
• Potential for acetaminophen-induced liver damage
• Masking of underlying sleep disorders or pain conditions

Is there a risk of developing dependency on this medication? While not considered addictive in the traditional sense, users may develop a psychological reliance on the medication for sleep. It’s crucial to address the root causes of sleep disturbances and pain rather than relying on this combination as a long-term solution.

For those using the medication regularly, it’s advisable to work with a healthcare provider to develop a plan for gradual discontinuation and exploration of alternative treatments.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

When using acetaminophen and diphenhydramine, it’s important to monitor your response to the medication and any potential side effects. Key points to consider include:

• Tracking the frequency and duration of use
• Noting any changes in sleep patterns or pain levels
• Being aware of any unusual symptoms or side effects

How often should one consult with a healthcare provider when using this medication? For occasional use, it’s generally safe to use as directed without frequent consultations. However, if you find yourself needing the medication more than a few times a week or for extended periods, it’s advisable to seek medical advice.

Regular check-ins with your healthcare provider can help ensure the medication remains appropriate for your needs and allow for timely adjustments to your treatment plan if necessary.

Understanding Potential Misuse and Overdose

While acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is generally safe when used as directed, there is potential for misuse and overdose, particularly with the acetaminophen component. Key points to be aware of include:

• Acetaminophen toxicity can occur even at doses slightly above the recommended maximum
• Combining this medication with other acetaminophen-containing products increases the risk of overdose
• Symptoms of acetaminophen overdose may not appear immediately, making it particularly dangerous

What are the signs of potential overdose? Symptoms may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Sweating
• Extreme fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

If overdose is suspected, immediate medical attention is crucial. Treatment may involve administering activated charcoal or N-acetylcysteine to prevent liver damage.

Future Developments and Research

As with many medications, ongoing research continues to explore the efficacy, safety, and potential new applications of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine. Current areas of interest include:

• Development of extended-release formulations for longer-lasting effects
• Investigation of alternative antihistamines with fewer side effects
• Exploration of personalized dosing based on genetic factors

What potential advancements might we see in pain and sleep management? Future developments may include more targeted medications with fewer side effects, improved delivery methods for better absorption and reduced liver impact, and possibly even non-pharmacological interventions leveraging neurotechnology for pain and sleep regulation.

As research progresses, it’s important for users to stay informed about new findings and consult with healthcare providers to ensure they are using the most appropriate and up-to-date treatments for their specific needs.

Benadryl and PediaCare Children’s Acetaminophen Fever Reducer/Pain Reliever Interactions

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

• Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
• PediaCare Children’s Acetaminophen Fever Reducer/Pain Reliever (acetaminophen)

Edit list (add/remove drugs)

Interactions between your drugs

No interactions were found between Benadryl and PediaCare Children’s Acetaminophen Fever Reducer/Pain Reliever. However, this does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.

Benadryl

A total of
433 drugs
are known to interact with
Benadryl.

• Benadryl is in the following drug classes:
  anticholinergic antiemetics, anticholinergic antiparkinson agents, antihistamines, miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics.
• Benadryl is used to treat the following conditions:
  • Allergic Reactions
  • Allergic Rhinitis
  • Cold Symptoms
  • Cough
  • Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
  • Extrapyramidal Reaction
  • Motion Sickness
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Pruritus
  • Urticaria

PediaCare Children’s Acetaminophen Fever Reducer/Pain Reliever

A total of
113 drugs
are known to interact with
PediaCare Children’s Acetaminophen Fever Reducer/Pain Reliever.

• Pediacare children’s acetaminophen fever reducer/pain reliever is used to treat the following conditions:
  • Fever
  • Pain

Drug and food interactions

No alcohol/food interactions were found. However, this does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.

Therapeutic duplication warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.

See also

• Benadryl drug interactions
• Benadryl uses and side effects
• PediaCare Children’s Acetaminophen Fever Reducer/Pain Reliever drug interactions
• Drug Interactions Checker

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.

Major	Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate	Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor	Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown	No interaction information available.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine Uses, Side Effects & Warnings

Generic name: acetaminophen and diphenhydramine [ a-SEET-a-MIN-oh-fen-and-DYE-fen-HYE-dra-meen ]
Brand names: Headache Relief PM, Legatrin PM, Midol PM, Percogesic Original Strength, Tylenol PM,
… show all 29 brands
Tylenol Extra Strength PM, Unisom with Pain Relief, Bayer Select Max Strength Night Time Pain, Genapap PM, Mapap PM, Excedrin PM, Excedrin PM Caplet, Sominex Pain Relief Formula, Tylenol Severe Allergy Caplet, Anacin P.M. Aspirin Free, Coricidin Night Time Cold Relief, Tylenol Extra Strength PM Vanilla, Tylenol Sore Throat Nighttime, Tylenol Cold Relief Caplet, Tylenol Cold Relief Nighttime Caplet, Percogesic Extra Strength, Tylenol Cold Relief Nighttime, Tylenol Extra Strength PM Rapid Release Gelcaps, Excedrin PM Express, Night Time Pain, Pain Relief PM Extra Strength, Aceta-Gesic, ZzzQuil Night Pain, Unisom PM Pain

Dosage forms: oral liquid (1000 mg-50 mg/30 mL), oral tablet (325 mg-12. 5 mg; 500 mg-25 mg; 500 mg-38 mg; 500 mg-50 mg)
Drug class: Analgesic combinations

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Sep 19, 2022. Written by Cerner Multum.

What is acetaminophen and diphenhydramine?

Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and a fever reducer. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine.

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is a combination medicine used to treat occasional insomnia associated with minor aches and pains. acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is not for use in treating sleeplessness without pain, or sleep problems that occur often.

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is also used to treat minor aches and pains such as headache, back pain, joint or muscle pain, tooth pain, or menstrual cramps.

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is also used to treat runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose and throat, and pain or fever caused by allergies, the common cold, or the flu.

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Warnings

Use this medicine exactly as directed. An overdose of acetaminophen can damage your liver or cause death. Taking too much diphenhydramine can lead to serious heart problems, seizures, coma, or death.

Do not use this medicine to make a child sleepy. This medicine is not for use in anyone younger than 12 years old.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other medicine that may contain acetaminophen or diphenhydramine. Taking too much of either medicine can lead to a fatal overdose.

Drinking alcohol may increase your risk of liver damage while taking acetaminophen.

Stop taking this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have skin redness or a rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling.

Before taking this medicine

Ask a doctor before taking medicine that contains acetaminophen if you have ever had liver disease, or if you drink more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is safe to use if you have ever had:

• liver disease;

• an enlarged prostate or urination problems;

• asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, or other breathing disorder;

• glaucoma; or

• a condition for which you take warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Diphenhydramine may slow breast milk production.

How should I take acetaminophen and diphenhydramine?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is only for short-term use until your symptoms clear up.

Do not take more of this medicine than is recommended. An overdose of acetaminophen can damage your liver or cause death. Taking too much diphenhydramine can lead to serious heart problems, seizures, coma, or death.

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is not for use in anyone younger than 12 years old. Do not use the medicine to make a child sleepy. Death can occur from the misuse of antihistamines in very young children.

Do not use this medicine for longer than 2 weeks to treat sleep problems, or longer than 7 days to treat cold or allergy symptoms.

Call your doctor if you still have a fever after 3 days, or you still have pain after 10 days (or 5 days if you are 12-17 years old). Also call your doctor if your symptoms get worse, or if you have any redness or swelling.

If you need surgery or medical tests, tell the doctor ahead of time if you have taken this medicine within the past few days.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since acetaminophen and diphenhydramine is used when needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. Skip any missed dose if it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not use two doses at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose can be fatal or cause liver damage.

Overdose symptoms may include loss of appetite, vomiting, weakness, confusion, ringing in your ears, upper stomach pain, dark urine, no urination, very dry eyes and mouth, yellowing of your skin or eyes, dilated pupils, fast heartbeats, tremor, agitation, hallucinations, or seizure.

What should I avoid while taking acetaminophen and diphenhydramine?

Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how acetaminophen and diphenhydramine will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other medicine that may contain acetaminophen or diphenhydramine. This includes medicines for pain, fever, swelling, cold/flu symptoms, or anti-itch medicine used on the skin. Using too much acetaminophen or diphenhydramine can lead to a fatal overdose.

Drinking alcohol may increase your risk of liver damage while taking acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

In rare cases, acetaminophen may cause a severe skin reaction that can be fatal. This could occur even if you have taken acetaminophen in the past and had no reaction. Stop taking this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have skin redness or a rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling. If you have this type of reaction, you should never again take any medicine that contains acetaminophen.

The medicine may cause serious side effects. Stop using the medicine and call your doctor at once if you have:

• severe drowsiness;

• painful or difficult urination; or

• liver problems–loss of appetite, stomach pain (upper right side), tiredness, itching, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Common side effects of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine may include:

• drowsiness;

• constipation;

• decreased urination;

• dry eyes, blurred vision; or

• dry mouth, nose, or throat.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect acetaminophen and diphenhydramine?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using acetaminophen and diphenhydramine with any other medicines, especially drugs that can cause drowsiness (such as opioid medication, sleep medicine, a muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety or seizures). Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed here.

More about acetaminophen / diphenhydramine

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Other brands

Tylenol PM, Headache Relief PM, Midol PM, Percogesic Original Strength, … +3 more

Related treatment guides

• Headache
• Insomnia
• Pain

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

Copyright 1996-2023 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 17.01.

In the USA they want to ban Theraflu, what is wrong with this medicine – doctors answer

• Health

Doctors and scientists went to war against Theraflu, the American media reported. They are asking for it to be removed from sale. Is one of the popular drugs for influenza and SARS useless? Explanations were given by well-known Russian experts.

December 23, 2022

Source:

iStockphoto

Doctors and researchers call on FDA for Ban the sale of certain medicines commonly used to treat colds and flu.

The Wall Street Journal reports that some versions of Theraflu, Benadryl, Tylenol and others contain ingredients called phenylephrine to relieve nasal congestion, but its effectiveness is questionable .

“This ingredient has been shown to be safe, but at least four studies have concluded that it doesn’t actually relieve nasal congestion at all,” says pediatrician Julie Yong Kim. “We have not recommended these drugs to our patients for more than 20 years.

– I believe that if manufacturers filed an application with the FDA today, it would never be approved for a number of reasons. First, phenylephrine has limited benefits. Secondly, it has a long list of side effects, says physician James Wolfe. It can increase blood pressure and cause insomnia.

Johnson and Johnson, which makes Tylenol and Benadryl, stated that “Phenylephrine is a well-established decongestant that has been recognized by the FDA as safe and effective at certain doses.”

The experts also note that studies have not proven that over-the-counter phenylephrine drugs have caused any harm to patients.

It does not work when taken orally

— On our market phenylephrine is available in the form of drops, as well as in combination preparations such as AntiFlu, Antigrippin-ARVI neo, Coldakt, Coldrex, Theraflu “, – explains the therapist, toxicologist Alexei Vodovozov. – Yes, indeed, when taken orally, phenylephrine has almost no effect, because it is very quickly disassembled into spare parts by the liver and does not have time to give the central effect. More precisely, he succeeds, but not for everyone. And some of the recent research shows that oral and low doses generally do little better than placebo. So the questions American doctors ask are natural. But phenylephrine drops works fine, you can continue to use it, especially for children – this is one of the few really safe remedies for them.

See also

I am against “powders”

– Why do these powders lower the temperature? It’s simple – there is paracetamol. Everything else “delicious” – lemon, raspberry, vitamin C – does not affect the temperature, the virus does not kill, but simply gives a feeling of calmness: “I’m being treated!” – said the therapist Oleg Abakumov. – I do not prescribe or recommend them, because they are more expensive than paracetamol, but the effectiveness is the same, and a bunch of additives can cause allergies, especially in a child, up to bronchial obstruction. But if you are an adult and buy them, then drink to your health, but know that it is paracetamol that helps you.

Text author:Anna Mayskaya

Analogues of Russian medicines in the USA

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The first year after the move, my first-aid kit contained mainly Russian medicines brought from my homeland.

But in fact, you can buy a lot in the US and you don’t have to carry a suitcase of medicines with you.

Some medicines in America, such as antibiotics, can only be bought with a doctor’s prescription. That’s why most people carry familiar medicines. In this article, we will look at over-the-counter drugs, that is, those that can be bought without a prescription.

List of analogues

Let’s start with the temperature

Tylenol (paracetamol) and Advil (ibuprofen). There are tablets for adults, for children – syrups and chewable tablets. There are also candles for babies – they saved us a lot once, from the syrup then the temperature did not drop in the baby.

Headache

For headaches in America they drink the aforementioned Tylenol or Advil. There is also the option of Excedrin Migraine or Excedrin Tension Headache – consisting of paracetamol, aspirin and caffeine.

Antihistamines

Suprastin and Claritin – Benadryl, the same Claritin and several other options nearby on the shelf. Zyrtec is also available, but I heard that many still prefer to order Zyrtec from Russia – they say that it works better.

Intestinal disorders

Imodium – Imodium and Pepto-Bismol. Plus, they drink Electrolyte Water so that there is no dehydration. During rotovirus infections and intestinal flu in America, it is Electrolyte Water that is prescribed. For fussy little ones, this water is available in special packages that can be frozen and frozen ice is obtained, which children perceive as ice cream and usually eat with pleasure.

For constipation, look for Dulcolax or other medicines that have the word laxative in their name.

Activated Charcoal Tablets

Activated Charcoal Tablets, most often sold at a vitamin store (separate from the pharmacy).

Unfortunately, I have not yet found an analogue of Enterosgel in the USA and this is one of the few medicines that we bring from Russia. You can also find it in Russian pharmacies in America.

Mezim

“Indispensable for the stomach” — I still remember this slogan from TV commercials 🙂

Look for packages labeled Pancreatin.

Heartburn

Rennie and Gastal are replaced by Maalox, Tums, Mylanta, Pepcid AC.

Cold medicine

More often than not, if you come to the doctor with a fever and cold symptoms, they will send you home with instructions to “rest, sleep and drink plenty of fluids”. With ordinary viruses, drugs are not stuffed here.

At the first symptoms of a cold in the USA they drink vitamin powders “Emergen-C”, there is also a mixture “Theraflu”. Vicks DayQuil and NyQuil syrups are popular – for daytime and nighttime use. They didn’t work for me, the feeling that you are drinking some kind of fiery poison, tearing your throat.

Cough medicine

Bromhexine expectorant can be substituted for Mucinex. Cough syrup – Robitussin. For children, Zarbee’s syrup is praised, it is considered more natural.

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Nasal drops

There are many of them – Afrin, Zicam, Mucinex. Aqua Maris’ replacement is Saline nasal spray.

For toddlers in the US, only salt-based drops are available.

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And only from the age of two there are drops stronger:

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I brought Nazivin with mine from 0 to a year old, I usually dripped it before bedtime so that the baby could sleep. Salt solution still did not give such an effect.

I would also add that for babies with snot, the NoseFrida aspirator has always saved me, a must have in the first aid kit too. Kids, of course, do not like the process itself, but then the nose breathes perfectly. Comes with replacement filters. Snot doesn’t get into mom’s mouth, don’t worry 🙂

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Abrasions, scratches

the name of Iodine.

For cuts, abrasions and burns, Neosporin is used here – it is available in the form of an ointment and spray. The spray is very convenient to have with you on walks with children.

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I always have Lucas’ Papaw Ointment in my first aid kit – the ointment can be used as a lip balm, hand and foot cream, and will also help: relieve itching after insect bites, relieve sunburn symptoms. On scratches and bruises I also smear. Ointment for all occasions 🙂 Sold in tubes and jars, made in Australia.

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Hydrogen peroxide. Ethyl alcohol – Rubbing Alcohol. For some reason, chlorhexidine is sold only by prescription, and it is sometimes needed when rinsing the gums and throat.

An addition from my friend, a girl who works in medicine in the USA: “Natasha, I went looking for a recipe for au gratin, and the first thing I came across was this review Mucinex) may not lead to what you want, so I advise you to always look for *generics by active ingredient (Pepcid = famotidine, Zyrtec = cetirizine, etc.