What are the potential side effects and complications associated with using an IUD (intrauterine device) for contraception? Get the facts from our comprehensive guide.

Understanding IUDs: A Closer Look

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a highly effective and long-acting form of reversible contraception. They work by preventing fertilization and implantation, making them one of the most reliable birth control options available. However, as with any medical intervention, IUDs can come with potential side effects and complications that users should be aware of.

Effectiveness of IUDs

IUDs are among the most effective forms of birth control, with failure rates of less than 1% in typical use. They are considered one of the best options for preventing pregnancy, often outperforming other methods like the pill, patch, or ring.

Obtaining an IUD

To get an IUD, you’ll need to make an appointment with a healthcare provider, such as your gynecologist or a Planned Parenthood health center. They will discuss the different IUD options with you and help you choose the best fit for your needs and preferences.

The IUD Insertion Process

The process of getting an IUD inserted can be uncomfortable, with many people reporting strong period-like cramps during the procedure. However, the discomfort is usually short-lived, and your provider can offer pain management options to help make the experience more manageable.

Potential Side Effects of IUDs

While IUDs are generally well-tolerated, some users may experience side effects. These can include irregular or heavier periods, spotting, cramping, and, in rare cases, expulsion or perforation of the uterus. It’s important to discuss any side effects with your healthcare provider, as they can often be managed or may subside over time.

Safety and Risks of IUDs

IUDs are considered a very safe form of contraception, with serious complications being quite rare. However, as with any medical procedure, there are some potential risks, such as infection, bleeding, or the IUD moving out of place. Your healthcare provider will discuss these risks with you and monitor you for any issues.

Benefits and Drawbacks of IUDs

The main benefits of IUDs include their high efficacy, long-lasting protection, and convenience, as they don’t require daily maintenance. Potential downsides may include the initial discomfort of insertion, irregular bleeding, and the inability to protect against sexually transmitted infections.

IUD Removal and Replacement

When you’re ready to have your IUD removed, your healthcare provider can do so quickly and easily. Removal is generally less uncomfortable than insertion, and you can then choose to have a new IUD placed or switch to a different form of contraception.

Types of IUDs: Hormonal and Non-Hormonal

There are two main types of IUDs: hormonal and non-hormonal (copper) IUDs. Hormonal IUDs, such as Mirena and Kyleena, release a small amount of progestin, while copper IUDs, like Paragard, work without hormones. Each type has its own unique set of potential side effects and benefits to consider.

Does the Copper IUD Cause Weight Gain?

No, the copper IUD (Paragard) does not cause weight gain. Since it is a hormone-free contraceptive, it does not have the same hormonal side effects as some other birth control methods. Some people may experience heavier, longer periods and increased cramping with the copper IUD, but it does not lead to weight gain.

Navigating IUD Side Effects

Many people experience some side effects after getting an IUD, such as spotting, cramping, or changes in their menstrual cycle. These side effects often subside within the first 3-6 months as the body adjusts to the device. If the side effects persist or become a significant concern, it’s important to consult with your healthcare provider to address the issue or consider an alternative contraceptive option.

Protecting Against STIs with IUDs

It’s important to note that IUDs do not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While they are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, the use of condoms is still necessary to reduce the risk of contracting or transmitting STIs when engaging in sexual activity.

Rare but Serious IUD Complications

Serious complications from IUDs, such as uterine perforation or infection, are very rare. However, it’s crucial to be aware of potential warning signs and to seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding, or other concerning symptoms after getting an IUD.

Finding the Right IUD for You

Choosing the right IUD involves weighing the various pros and cons, as well as your personal preferences and medical history. It’s a decision best made in collaboration with a trusted healthcare provider, who can guide you through the process and help you find the contraceptive option that best fits your needs and lifestyle.

What Are the Side Effects & Complications of the IUD?

In This Section

• IUD

• How effective are IUDs?

• How can I get an IUD?

• What’s an IUD insertion like?

• Are there IUD side effects?

• How safe are IUDs?

• What are the benefits of IUDs?

• What are the disadvantages of IUDs?

• How does IUD removal work?

• What are hormonal IUDs?

• What are non-hormonal IUDs?

Some people have side effects that bother them after getting an IUD, but these usually go away after a few months. Rarely, the side effects can be serious.

There can be some negative side effects.

Some people have side effects after getting an IUD. Hormonal IUDs and copper (non-hormonal) IUDs have different side effects.

Your side effects will probably ease up after about 3–6 months, once your body gets used to your IUD. So if you can stick it out for a few months, there’s a good chance any side effects you’re having will eventually go away or be less noticeable. You can keep track of any side effects you’re experiencing with our birth control app. If you’re still having pain or other side effects that bother you after a while, or your side effects are really bad, talk with your nurse or doctor.

IUDs don’t protect against STDs.

While IUDs are one of the best ways to prevent pregnancy, they don’t protect you from sexually transmitted infections. Luckily, using condoms every time you have sex reduces the chance of getting or spreading STDs. So the thing to do is to use condoms with your IUD.

There are some risks with the IUD, but they’re rare.

Serious problems from IUDs are not at all common, but there are some risks and warning signs to look out for.

IUD insertion can hurt, but the pain doesn’t last long

The process of getting your IUD placed can be painful for some people. It usually feels like strong period cramps. But the good news is, it’s really quick — the worst part is usually over in less than a minute, and then you’ve got really effective birth control that you don’t have to think about for several years. If you’re worried about pain, ask your nurse or doctor about medicine or other ways to help when you make your appointment.

Even if the insertion is not exactly a fun time, lots of IUD users think it’s totally worth it in the end. Hormonal IUDs usually make your periods much lighter and less crampy. And for people who can’t use or don’t want to use hormonal methods (but still want super-effective, non-permanent birth control), copper IUDs are a really great option. So many people are willing to deal with a few minutes of pain in exchange for years of really effective birth control along with the other benefits of IUDs.

More questions from patients:

Does the copper IUD make you gain weight?

Nope! The copper IUD (Paragard) doesn’t cause weight gain.

Because the copper IUD is hormone-free, it doesn’t have many side effects at all. Some people do have heavier, longer periods and more cramping, especially for the first few months.

Remember — everyone has a different reaction to each type of birth control, so it’s about finding what works best for you and your lifestyle. That’s why it’s important to talk with your doctor or nurse and be patient. It might take a few tries to find your perfect method. Contact your local Planned Parenthood health center to get started.

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• Costs up to $1,300, but can be $0

• Put in by a doctor or nurse

• Lasts up to 12 years

This IUD doesn’t protect you from STDs. Use a condom with your IUD to help stop pregnancy and STDs.

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Do Copper IUD Users Experience Weight Gain?

Do Copper IUD Users Experience Weight Gain?

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Medically reviewed by Nicole Galan, RN — By Annette McDermott — Updated on December 17, 2016

Weight gain can be an issue for women of all ages. The last thing you want to worry about when choosing birth control is gaining weight. Yet weight gain is a reported side effect of many birth control methods. Is the copper intrauterine device (IUD) one of them?

An IUD is a T-shaped, plastic device implanted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There’s only one type of copper IUD, and it’s called ParaGard. A copper wire is coiled around the stem of the device and copper sleeves cover each arm. ParaGard continually releases copper into the uterine lining. The copper is lethal to sperm and helps prevent fertilization.

Other types of IUDs release hormones into the body. These hormones thicken cervical mucus to help prevent sperm from moving towards an egg. All IUDs have a string attached so you can make sure it’s in place. This string also helps your doctor remove the device. If you want to become pregnant, an IUD can be removed any time.

IUDs don’t prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). If you’re at high risk of contracting one, you’ll need to use condoms as well.

IUDs top the list of effective birth control methods with less than one pregnancy per 100 women each year. Once it’s inserted, the ParaGard copper IUD helps prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years. Hormonal IUDs help prevent pregnancy for three to five years.

Since a copper IUD has no hormones, the side effects are less severe than those of hormonal IUDs or other forms of hormonal birth control. The side effects can include:

• anemia
• a backache
• breakthrough bleeding, or bleeding between periods
• cramping
• vaginal inflammation
• pain during sex
• severe menstrual pain
• heavy periods
• vaginal discharge

In rare cases, an IUD is expelled from the body. This is more likely to happen if any of these apply:

• you’ve never been pregnant
• you have heavy periods and severe menstrual pain
• you’ve expelled an IUD before
• you’re under age 20
• you had the IUD inserted immediately after childbirth or after an abortion in the second trimester

There’s a slight possibility of perforating the wall of the uterus, particularly during placement. If perforation occurs, the IUD should be removed and surgery may be needed. Perforation may cause infection, scarring, or damage to other organs.

Weight gain isn’t listed as a side effect of ParaGard. Anecdotal evidence from women using the device indicates IUDs cause weight gain, but scientific evidence is inconclusive.

A study published in Contraception assessing weight changes in Brazilian women using copper IUDs found that weight increased, especially in older women. It was also determined that the women tended to gain weight during their reproductive years independent of IUD insertion. Because of this, weight gain may have been related to age.

A more recent study published in the European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care compared weight gain in women who used hormonal contraception or IUDs. The study found users of both types of birth control gained significant weight over a 10-year period.

Although these studies indicate IUD users experienced weight gain, it’s unclear if the gain was due to the IUD or normal aging and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise. Removing the IUD didn’t necessarily result in weight loss. More research is needed to put an end to the debate about weight gain and IUDs.

Birth control is a personal choice that should be weighed carefully. Most women can safely use a copper IUD, but you should consider other options if you have any of these risk factors:

• uterine abnormalities that interfere with placement
• a pelvic infection
• uterine or cervical cancer
• unexplained vaginal bleeding
• allergies to any components of the IUD
• Wilson’s disease, which causes the accumulation of copper in the brain and other organs
• a high risk of having an STD
• a history of problems with an IUD

Which Birth Control Is Right for You?

A copper IUD is a great option for women who want to avoid hormonal birth control or want the convenience of not having to think about birth control in the long term. When it comes to weight gain, the definitive verdict is still out. Eating a healthy diet and staying active may help reduce your risk of packing on extra pounds. Talk to your doctor if you’re interested in using a copper IUD but are concerned about weight gain.

Last medically reviewed on February 1, 2016

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Effectiveness of family planning methods. (n.d.)
  cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/unintendedpregnancy/pdf/contraceptive_methods_508.pdf
• Hassan, D. F., Petta, C. A., Aldrighi, J. M., Bahamondes, L., & Perrotti, M. (2003, July). Weight variation in a cohort of women using copper IUD for contraception [Abstract]. Contraception, 68(1), 27-30
  contraceptionjournal.org/article/S0010-7824(03)00079-9/abstract
• Health matters fact sheets: Hormonal IUD. (2013, April)
  arhp.org/Publications-and-Resources/Patient-Resources/Fact-Sheets/Hormonal-IUD
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, January 21). ParaGard (copper IUD): Definition
  mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/paragard/basics/definition/prc-20013048
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, January 21). ParaGard (copper IUD): Risks
  mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/paragard/basics/risks/prc-20013048
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, January 21). ParaGard (copper IUD): Why it’s done
  mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/paragard/basics/why-its-done/prc-20013048
• Modesto, W., de Nazare Silva dos Santos, P., Correia, V. M., Borges, L., & Bahamondes, Luis. (2014, August 27). Weight variation in users of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and a copper intrauterine device for up to ten years of use [Abstract]. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. 20(1), 57-63
  tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10.3109/13625187.2014.951433?journalCode=iejc20#.VoqzIxUrLIU
• ParaGard T 380A. (2014, September)
  paragard.com/Pdf/ParaGard-PI.pdf

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Medically reviewed by Nicole Galan, RN — By Annette McDermott — Updated on December 17, 2016

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Return to Russia in poetry … – M .: Respublika, 1995

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