What are the normal hematocrit levels for adults and children. How do low hematocrit levels affect your health. What are the common symptoms of low hematocrit. How can you treat low hematocrit levels effectively.

Understanding Hematocrit: The Measure of Red Blood Cell Volume

Hematocrit is a crucial blood test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in your blood volume. This simple yet informative test provides valuable insights into your overall health and can help diagnose various conditions. A typical hematocrit range for healthy adults falls between 37% and 52%, though this can vary based on factors such as age, sex, and individual health status.

Red blood cells play a vital role in your body’s functioning. They are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout your system, giving blood its characteristic red color. These cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules, allowing them to pick up oxygen from your lungs and deliver it to tissues and organs throughout your body.

Why is Hematocrit Important?

An adequate amount of red blood cells is essential for maintaining your body’s processes. When your hematocrit levels fall outside the normal range, it can indicate underlying health issues that require attention. Low levels may suggest conditions such as anemia, while high levels could point to polycythemia, which increases your risk of developing blood clots.

Normal Hematocrit Levels: What’s the Benchmark?

Understanding what constitutes normal hematocrit levels is crucial for interpreting your test results. While different institutions may define these ranges slightly differently, a 2017 cross-population study established the following typical ranges:

• Adult Males: 42-52%
• Adult Females: 37-47%
• Children: 30-44% (varies with age and sex)
• Newborns: Higher levels that gradually decrease with age

It’s important to note that these ranges can be influenced by various factors. For instance, pregnant individuals often have lower levels due to increased blood volume during pregnancy. Conversely, conditions like smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may push levels into a higher range.

Factors Affecting Hematocrit Levels

Several factors can impact your hematocrit levels, including:

1. Altitude: Living at high altitudes can increase red blood cell counts
2. Exercise: Particularly strength training, which may affect hematocrit levels
3. Hydration: Dehydration can raise hematocrit levels
4. Recent blood transfusions: Can temporarily affect results
5. Certain medical conditions: Such as sickle cell anemia, which affects specific demographic groups at higher rates

Low Hematocrit Levels: Causes and Implications

A hematocrit level below 35% in women and 41% in men is considered low. This condition, often referred to as low hematocrit, can have various causes and implications for your health.

Common Causes of Low Hematocrit

Low hematocrit levels can be attributed to several factors:

• Anemia: A condition where the body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells
• Blood loss: Due to injury, surgery, or certain medical conditions
• Nutritional deficiencies: Particularly iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiencies
• Bone marrow disorders: Conditions that affect red blood cell production
• Chronic diseases: Such as kidney disease or cancer
• Pregnancy: Due to increased blood volume

Symptoms of Low Hematocrit

When your hematocrit levels are low, you may experience various symptoms, including:

• Pale complexion
• Weakness and fatigue
• Low energy levels
• Difficulty breathing
• Irregular heartbeat
• Cold hands or feet

These symptoms are also indicative of anemia, a condition characterized by lower-than-normal hemoglobin levels. While mild anemia is treatable and particularly common in women, severe anemia could signal a more serious underlying health condition requiring extensive treatment.

Diagnosing Low Hematocrit: The Complete Blood Count

Doctors typically assess hematocrit levels as part of a comprehensive blood test known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC). This test provides a wealth of information about your blood composition and can help identify various health issues.

Components of a Complete Blood Count

A CBC includes several key measurements:

• Red blood cell count
• Reticulocyte count (young red blood cells)
• Hemoglobin level analysis
• Red blood cell size and shape analysis
• White blood cell tests
• Platelet tests

In addition to these measurements, your doctor will consider factors such as your sex, race, and age when interpreting the results. This comprehensive approach allows for a more accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Treatment Options for Low Hematocrit

The treatment for low hematocrit levels depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

Addressing Nutritional Deficiencies

If your low hematocrit is due to nutritional deficiencies, your doctor may recommend dietary changes or supplements. Iron supplements are often prescribed for iron-deficiency anemia, while vitamin B12 injections may be necessary for B12 deficiency.

Treating Underlying Conditions

In cases where low hematocrit is a symptom of an underlying condition, treating that condition is crucial. This could involve managing chronic diseases, addressing hormonal imbalances, or treating infections.

Blood Transfusions

In severe cases of anemia or significant blood loss, a blood transfusion may be necessary to quickly increase red blood cell levels.

Medications

Certain medications can stimulate red blood cell production. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are sometimes used in patients with chronic kidney disease or those undergoing chemotherapy.

Preventing Low Hematocrit: Lifestyle and Dietary Considerations

While some causes of low hematocrit are beyond your control, there are steps you can take to maintain healthy red blood cell levels:

• Eat a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamin B12, and folate
• Stay hydrated
• Exercise regularly
• Manage stress levels
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
• Don’t smoke

By incorporating these habits into your lifestyle, you can support your body’s red blood cell production and maintain optimal hematocrit levels.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Low Hematocrit

While mild fluctuations in hematocrit levels are normal, persistent low levels or sudden drops warrant medical attention. You should consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Unexplained fatigue or weakness that doesn’t improve with rest
• Shortness of breath, especially during light activity
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Pale or yellowish skin
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Chest pain

These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment.

Regular Check-ups and Monitoring

If you have a condition that affects your hematocrit levels, such as chronic anemia or a blood disorder, your doctor may recommend regular blood tests to monitor your levels. This ongoing surveillance allows for timely adjustments to your treatment plan and helps prevent complications associated with low hematocrit.

Understanding High Hematocrit Levels

While this article focuses primarily on low hematocrit levels, it’s worth noting that high levels can also be problematic. Hematocrit levels above the typical ranges can have adverse effects and may indicate serious underlying health conditions.

Causes of High Hematocrit

Elevated hematocrit levels can be caused by various factors, including:

• Dehydration
• Living at high altitudes
• Polycythemia vera (a blood disorder that causes the body to produce too many red blood cells)
• Certain lung diseases
• Heart diseases that result in low blood oxygen levels
• Smoking

High hematocrit levels increase blood viscosity, which can lead to blood clots and other cardiovascular complications. If you’re diagnosed with high hematocrit, your doctor will work to identify and address the underlying cause.

The Role of Hematocrit in Overall Health Assessment

Hematocrit is more than just a number; it’s a valuable indicator of your overall health status. By understanding what your hematocrit levels mean and how they can be influenced, you can take proactive steps to maintain optimal health.

Hematocrit and Other Health Markers

Hematocrit levels often correlate with other health markers. For instance, low hematocrit is frequently associated with low hemoglobin levels, as both are indicators of anemia. Similarly, hematocrit can provide insights into your hydration status, with high levels potentially indicating dehydration.

Hematocrit in Disease Monitoring

For individuals with certain chronic conditions, hematocrit levels can be an important tool for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy. For example, doctors may request frequent hematocrit tests to monitor the effect of chemotherapy on a person’s bone marrow.

In conclusion, understanding your hematocrit levels and what they mean for your health is crucial. Whether you’re dealing with low hematocrit or simply aiming to maintain optimal health, regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can go a long way in ensuring your red blood cell levels stay within a healthy range. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment options based on your individual health status and needs.

What it is, levels, high and low range

Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in a person’s blood. A typical hematocrit range in healthy adults is 37–52%. This varies depending on a person’s sex and age.

Authors of a 2017 study identified the above typical range.

Low red blood cell levels indicate conditions such as anemia. High red blood cell levels could signal polycythemia, increasing a person’s chance of developing a blood clot.

If a person feels tired, dizzy, or short of breath, a doctor may want to test their hematocrit levels to see if those levels fall into a normal range or not.

Read on to learn more about what this measure of red blood cell volume means, symptoms of abnormal levels, and what low and high levels might indicate.

Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the body. For example: if a person has 50 milliliters (ml) of red blood cells in 100 ml of blood, their hematocrit level is 50%.

Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body and give blood its characteristic red color. In addition to oxygen, they also contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules. This allows red blood cells to pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout the body.

An adequate amount of red blood cells is essential to keep the body’s processes running smoothly.

Many conditions can affect red blood cell production or its life cycle. This can make it difficult for a medical professional to diagnose these conditions. A doctor will use a hematocrit test to confirm whether a person’s red blood cell count is affecting a health condition.

Doctors usually test hematocrit levels as part of a complete blood count (CBC).

A CBC is composed of a range of tests and may include:

• red blood cell count
• reticulocyte count (young red blood cells)
• an analysis of hemoglobin levels
• an analysis of red blood cells, including size and shape
• white blood cell tests
• platelet tests

A doctor will also consider a person’s sex, race, and age. It is important to note that certain blood-related conditions, such as sickle-cell anemia, affect particular demographic groups at higher rates.

Learn more about sickle cell anemia in African Americans here.

A doctor may request frequent hematocrit tests to monitor the effect of chemotherapy on a person’s bone marrow.

Both high and low hematocrit levels can be detrimental to a person’s health and result from various conditions and lifestyle factors.

What are normal hematocrit levels?

Different institutions will define normal hematocrit levels differently. However, a 2017 cross-population study found the following ranges to be typical.

• Male: 42-52%
• Female: 37-47%
• Children: 30–44%, depending on their age and sex

Newborn babies have high hematocrit levels that gradually decrease as they get older.

If a person has recently received a blood transfusion, it may affect their results. Additionally, pregnant individuals may have lower levels than usual because the body increases its blood volume during pregnancy.

Other factors, such as smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may push levels into a higher range.

Low levels

A hematocrit level below 35% in women and 41% in men is low. A level under this value can signify chronic anemia.

High levels

Hematocrit levels above the typical ranges can have adverse effects. It may indicate serious underlying health conditions.

Accuracy of results

Results from hematocrit tests are typically accurate and provide a clear reading of a person’s red blood cell levels.

However, the percentage of red blood cells in someone’s blood can change depending on various lifestyle factors and even environmental changes. According to research, red blood cell counts tend to increase at high altitudes.

Exercise, particularly strength training, may also affect hematocrit levels. A 2018 study found that females who participated in 16 weeks of strength exercise had lower levels at the end than when they started. However, the study had a small sample size of 26 middle-aged, sedentary Turkish women. This means that these findings aren’t necessarily representative of a wider population.

Dehydration can also raise hematocrit levels, so this test is useful if a doctor suspects severe dehydration is the cause of a person’s symptoms.

When a person has low hematocrit levels, they tend to present with the following symptoms:

• pale complexion
• weakness
• fatigue
• low energy
• trouble breathing
• irregular heartbeat
• cold hands or feet

These symptoms also indicate anemia, a condition where hemoglobin levels are lower than normal. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.

Mild anemia is treatable, and it is particularly common in women. Severe anemia could signal a more serious underlying health condition that requires more extensive treatment.

Doctors associate anemia with several health conditions, including:

Nutrient deficiency

A person may lack B12, folate, or iron in their diet.

Learn more about how nutrient deficiency anemia is diagnosed and treated.

Chronic bleeding

This commonly occurs due to digestive tract ulcers, which are sores caused by the bacteria H.pylori or chronic use of anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aspirin. Many women also experience excessive blood loss from heavy menstrual bleeding.

Bone marrow disorder

This includes aplastic anemia, which damages stem cells in bone marrow.

Cancer

These cancers spread to bone marrow, such as leukemia and lymphoma.

Learn more about bone marrow cancers here.

Kidney failure

Kidney disease can lower the production of red blood cells, reducing hematocrit levels.

Thalassemia

When a person has this condition, their body does not produce enough hemoglobin.

Learn more about thalassemia here.

Sickle cell anemia

This condition changes the shape of red blood cells. These cells die earlier than normal, and they also clump together, which impairs blood flow.

Learn more about sickle cell anemia here.

Autoimmune disease

Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus may reduce red blood cell count.

Learn more about autoimmune diseases here.

When a person has high hematocrit levels, they tend to present with these symptoms:

• flushed skin
• dizziness
• vision problems
• headaches
• enlarged spleen

These symptoms signal polycythemia, a condition where the body produces too many red blood cells. This means blood is thicker and clots more easily.

Doctors cannot cure polycythemia, so treatment focuses on symptom management. The main goal is to avoid stroke and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is a blood clot usually occurring in a deep vein in the leg.

In some cases, dehydration causes polycythemia. When a person does not drink enough, their plasma levels drop, increasing the proportion of red blood cells in their blood volume. A person can lower their red blood cell count by rehydrating.

Some conditions that can cause high hematocrit levels include:

Lung or pulmonary disease

When the lungs cannot absorb oxygen effectively, and oxygen levels drop, the body compensates by making more red blood cells. One common pulmonary disease causing this is COPD.

Learn more about COPD here.

Heart disease

If the structure of a person’s heart reduces its ability to pump blood around the body, it can no longer sustain vital organs with oxygen. To try and overcome the oxygen deficit, the body produces more red blood cells.

Learn more about heart disease here.

Kidney cancer

Sometimes kidney cancer cells create more erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is a hormone that tells the bone marrow to create more red blood cells.

Learn more about kidney cancer here.

Genetic disease

The JAK2 gene, which controls the number of blood cells made in the bone marrow, can affect certain conditions. When someone has a mutated JAK2 gene, the body could make a protein that signals the bone marrow to create more red blood cells than it needs.

Learn more about genetic disorders here.

A person should speak with a doctor if they are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above that could be a sign of high or low hematocrit levels, including fatigue, weakness, vision problems, and dizziness.

These symptoms can also indicate an underlying condition, so a person must contact a doctor promptly to prevent future complications.

If a person is receiving chemotherapy treatment, a doctor should perform regular hematocrit tests to monitor bone marrow health.

Hematocrit is the percentage of blood cells in a person’s blood volume. A doctor may test an individual’s hematocrit level due to certain symptoms.

A low hematocrit level means there are too few red blood cells in the body. In these cases, a person may experience symptoms that signal anemia. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and low energy.

If a person has too many red blood cells, they have a high hematocrit level. A person may experience dizziness and headaches, which can be a sign of the condition polycythemia.

Demographic and lifestyle factors can influence a person’s hematocrit levels. For example, males tend to have higher levels than females. Pregnant individuals can experience a decrease in hematocrit levels, and strength training may also reduce levels.

There are also several health conditions that can cause hematocrit levels outside the normal range. Excessive bleeding, thalassemia, and kidney disease are causes of low levels. COPD and sickle cell anemia can cause high levels.

Read this article in Spanish.

What it is, levels, high and low range

Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in a person’s blood. A typical hematocrit range in healthy adults is 37–52%. This varies depending on a person’s sex and age.

Authors of a 2017 study identified the above typical range.

Low red blood cell levels indicate conditions such as anemia. High red blood cell levels could signal polycythemia, increasing a person’s chance of developing a blood clot.

If a person feels tired, dizzy, or short of breath, a doctor may want to test their hematocrit levels to see if those levels fall into a normal range or not.

Read on to learn more about what this measure of red blood cell volume means, symptoms of abnormal levels, and what low and high levels might indicate.

Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the body. For example: if a person has 50 milliliters (ml) of red blood cells in 100 ml of blood, their hematocrit level is 50%.

Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body and give blood its characteristic red color. In addition to oxygen, they also contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules. This allows red blood cells to pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout the body.

An adequate amount of red blood cells is essential to keep the body’s processes running smoothly.

Many conditions can affect red blood cell production or its life cycle. This can make it difficult for a medical professional to diagnose these conditions. A doctor will use a hematocrit test to confirm whether a person’s red blood cell count is affecting a health condition.

Doctors usually test hematocrit levels as part of a complete blood count (CBC).

A CBC is composed of a range of tests and may include:

• red blood cell count
• reticulocyte count (young red blood cells)
• an analysis of hemoglobin levels
• an analysis of red blood cells, including size and shape
• white blood cell tests
• platelet tests

A doctor will also consider a person’s sex, race, and age. It is important to note that certain blood-related conditions, such as sickle-cell anemia, affect particular demographic groups at higher rates.

Learn more about sickle cell anemia in African Americans here.

A doctor may request frequent hematocrit tests to monitor the effect of chemotherapy on a person’s bone marrow.

Both high and low hematocrit levels can be detrimental to a person’s health and result from various conditions and lifestyle factors.

What are normal hematocrit levels?

Different institutions will define normal hematocrit levels differently. However, a 2017 cross-population study found the following ranges to be typical.

• Male: 42-52%
• Female: 37-47%
• Children: 30–44%, depending on their age and sex

Newborn babies have high hematocrit levels that gradually decrease as they get older.

If a person has recently received a blood transfusion, it may affect their results. Additionally, pregnant individuals may have lower levels than usual because the body increases its blood volume during pregnancy.

Other factors, such as smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may push levels into a higher range.

Low levels

A hematocrit level below 35% in women and 41% in men is low. A level under this value can signify chronic anemia.

High levels

Hematocrit levels above the typical ranges can have adverse effects. It may indicate serious underlying health conditions.

Accuracy of results

Results from hematocrit tests are typically accurate and provide a clear reading of a person’s red blood cell levels.

However, the percentage of red blood cells in someone’s blood can change depending on various lifestyle factors and even environmental changes. According to research, red blood cell counts tend to increase at high altitudes.

Exercise, particularly strength training, may also affect hematocrit levels. A 2018 study found that females who participated in 16 weeks of strength exercise had lower levels at the end than when they started. However, the study had a small sample size of 26 middle-aged, sedentary Turkish women. This means that these findings aren’t necessarily representative of a wider population.

Dehydration can also raise hematocrit levels, so this test is useful if a doctor suspects severe dehydration is the cause of a person’s symptoms.

When a person has low hematocrit levels, they tend to present with the following symptoms:

• pale complexion
• weakness
• fatigue
• low energy
• trouble breathing
• irregular heartbeat
• cold hands or feet

These symptoms also indicate anemia, a condition where hemoglobin levels are lower than normal. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.

Mild anemia is treatable, and it is particularly common in women. Severe anemia could signal a more serious underlying health condition that requires more extensive treatment.

Doctors associate anemia with several health conditions, including:

Nutrient deficiency

A person may lack B12, folate, or iron in their diet.

Learn more about how nutrient deficiency anemia is diagnosed and treated.

Chronic bleeding

This commonly occurs due to digestive tract ulcers, which are sores caused by the bacteria H. pylori or chronic use of anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aspirin. Many women also experience excessive blood loss from heavy menstrual bleeding.

Bone marrow disorder

This includes aplastic anemia, which damages stem cells in bone marrow.

Cancer

These cancers spread to bone marrow, such as leukemia and lymphoma.

Learn more about bone marrow cancers here.

Kidney failure

Kidney disease can lower the production of red blood cells, reducing hematocrit levels.

Thalassemia

When a person has this condition, their body does not produce enough hemoglobin.

Learn more about thalassemia here.

Sickle cell anemia

This condition changes the shape of red blood cells. These cells die earlier than normal, and they also clump together, which impairs blood flow.

Learn more about sickle cell anemia here.

Autoimmune disease

Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus may reduce red blood cell count.

Learn more about autoimmune diseases here.

When a person has high hematocrit levels, they tend to present with these symptoms:

• flushed skin
• dizziness
• vision problems
• headaches
• enlarged spleen

These symptoms signal polycythemia, a condition where the body produces too many red blood cells. This means blood is thicker and clots more easily.

Doctors cannot cure polycythemia, so treatment focuses on symptom management. The main goal is to avoid stroke and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is a blood clot usually occurring in a deep vein in the leg.

In some cases, dehydration causes polycythemia. When a person does not drink enough, their plasma levels drop, increasing the proportion of red blood cells in their blood volume. A person can lower their red blood cell count by rehydrating.

Some conditions that can cause high hematocrit levels include:

Lung or pulmonary disease

When the lungs cannot absorb oxygen effectively, and oxygen levels drop, the body compensates by making more red blood cells. One common pulmonary disease causing this is COPD.

Learn more about COPD here.

Heart disease

If the structure of a person’s heart reduces its ability to pump blood around the body, it can no longer sustain vital organs with oxygen. To try and overcome the oxygen deficit, the body produces more red blood cells.

Learn more about heart disease here.

Kidney cancer

Sometimes kidney cancer cells create more erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is a hormone that tells the bone marrow to create more red blood cells.

Learn more about kidney cancer here.

Genetic disease

The JAK2 gene, which controls the number of blood cells made in the bone marrow, can affect certain conditions. When someone has a mutated JAK2 gene, the body could make a protein that signals the bone marrow to create more red blood cells than it needs.

Learn more about genetic disorders here.

A person should speak with a doctor if they are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above that could be a sign of high or low hematocrit levels, including fatigue, weakness, vision problems, and dizziness.

These symptoms can also indicate an underlying condition, so a person must contact a doctor promptly to prevent future complications.

If a person is receiving chemotherapy treatment, a doctor should perform regular hematocrit tests to monitor bone marrow health.

Hematocrit is the percentage of blood cells in a person’s blood volume. A doctor may test an individual’s hematocrit level due to certain symptoms.

A low hematocrit level means there are too few red blood cells in the body. In these cases, a person may experience symptoms that signal anemia. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and low energy.

If a person has too many red blood cells, they have a high hematocrit level. A person may experience dizziness and headaches, which can be a sign of the condition polycythemia.

Demographic and lifestyle factors can influence a person’s hematocrit levels. For example, males tend to have higher levels than females. Pregnant individuals can experience a decrease in hematocrit levels, and strength training may also reduce levels.

There are also several health conditions that can cause hematocrit levels outside the normal range. Excessive bleeding, thalassemia, and kidney disease are causes of low levels. COPD and sickle cell anemia can cause high levels.

Read this article in Spanish.

norm in a child, women, men, causes of increased, decreased values ​​in the blood

Hematocrit is one of the blood indicators that registers the total volume of all formed elements, and these are erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, in relation to the total volume. Moreover, 99% of the volume of all these elements falls on erythrocytes. The hematocrit (Ht) is expressed as a percentage, but a liter per liter (L/L) can also be selected.

Human blood contains from 36 to 48% of formed elements, it also contains plasma, water, proteins, carbohydrates and salts.

Hematocrit is determined simply: a certain amount of blood is poured into a special tube with graduation, then it is sent to a centrifuge, and at the end of the process, the fraction of the length of the tube that was filled with erythrocyte mass is determined. Also, laboratories now use automatic hematology analyzers that allow you to get data in just a few minutes.

Blood hematocrit norm

The body of an adult healthy person contains about 5 liters of blood. Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets cannot be called cells, they do not have the necessary parameters for this. Therefore, they are called formed elements. Different people have different amounts of these elements per liter of blood. For example, according to statistics, the hematocrit in men is higher and equal to 40-41%, sometimes this figure can reach 51%.

Hematocrit in women is slightly lower and usually ranges from 36-42%. The reason for this is such a physiological feature as menstruation. As for the period of pregnancy, here this figure begins to decrease in the second half, and this is also not a pathology.

Hematocrit in children always depends on age, therefore, before drawing conclusions from the analysis, it is necessary to find out how many months or years the baby is. In newborn babies, this figure can be equal to 44-62%, at the age of 3 months it decreases and the figure becomes up to 44%, from 3 months to 1 year the figures can range from 32 to 43%. In the first ten years, Ht in boys can rise to 52%, and in girls it can be at around 35-47%. In subsequent years, the hematocrit norm is equal to the same indicator that is recorded in adults.

Causes of increased hematocrit

Why can it happen that the hematocrit in the blood test is elevated? There are pathological and physiological causes, so before starting any treatment, it is important to understand their origin.

Pathological causes include the following diseases and conditions:

1. Dehydration (dehydration). Due to the fact that the amount of blood that circulates through the vessels decreases, the formed elements are in a more concentrated state. This happens with vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating, overheating, lack of fluid.
2. Second and third degree burns. In this case, blisters appear on the body, which are filled with plasma, and it appeared in them from the bloodstream. Therefore, the blood becomes thicker, and the concentration of formed elements increases.
3. Peritonitis, thrombosis or diabetes mellitus.
4. Chronic hypoxia.
5. Regular use of glucocorticosteroids or diuretics.
6. Kidney disease – hydronephrosis.
7. Almost all blood diseases, including leukemia.
8. Polycystic.
9. Heart defects, ischemic heart disease.
10. Erythremia.
11. Many lung diseases, including asthma, bronchitis.
12. Severe bleeding.

However, hematocrit analysis alone is not enough to make an accurate diagnosis, it is not very informative. Therefore, it is often done as part of a general blood test, and further therapy tactics are already built on it, if it turns out to be necessary.

But elevated hematocrit can also be the result of certain physiological phenomena. In this case, deviations of this indicator cannot be considered pathological. High Ht in comparison with the norm is detected in people who smoke constantly and for a long time, which is associated with the development of chronic oxygen starvation of tissues and increased production of red blood cells.

Residents of high mountain regions and mountaineers who spend a lot of time at altitude also have Ht in the range of 51-52%. This is all connected with the same oxygen starvation and the need for the body to compensate for this lack. Also, elevated Ht is typical for athletes who take anabolics that help them gain the required amount of muscle mass.

Manifestations and symptoms of elevated hematocrit

If the hematocrit in the blood is elevated, then this will not necessarily be expressed by certain symptoms. However, it should be remembered that this condition is always expressed by an increase in blood viscosity, which creates a great threat for the formation of blood clots and clogging of both small and large vessels.

If this happens in the coronary arteries, then myocardial infarction develops against the background of thrombosis. If a thrombus forms in the pulmonary artery, then death occurs in 70% of all cases. If the arteries of the brain are affected, then this leads to the development of an ischemic stroke. With thrombosis of the vessels of the legs, gangrene begins to develop.

Therefore, it is important to find out the cause of elevated Ht as soon as possible and start timely treatment.

Reasons for low hematocrit

A decrease in hematocrit can occur without any pronounced symptoms, so this result is usually detected after a blood test and is an unexpected discovery for a person.

The main reasons why the hematocrit may be low are:

• virtually all anemias, including iron deficiency, folate deficiency, B12 deficiency;
• violation of the production of red blood cells due to pathologies of the bone marrow, including oncological ones;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• diseases of the urinary system;
• hemolysis or destruction of red blood cells;
• chronic bleeding;
• increase in circulating blood volume;
• hyperproteinemia;
• lead intoxication;
• acute infections;
• the use of anticoagulants and similar drugs that affect the composition of the blood.

Decreased hematocrit may have physiological causes. This is work associated with a long stay in one position, starvation or adherence to strict diets, a large amount of fluid that enters the body, alcoholism, the use of large amounts of salt, the period of menstruation.

Manifestations and symptoms of low hematocrit

The reasons for the drop in hematocrit will directly affect what symptoms a person experiences. For example, if it is anemia, then there will be such complaints:

• headache and constant weakness;
• impaired consciousness and breathing;
• dizziness, nausea or vomiting;
• constant thirst;
• lack of strength and exercise intolerance.

If the cause is kidney and urinary system diseases, then there will be complaints about a decrease in the amount of urine excreted, pain in the lumbar region, urination disorder, and changes in blood pressure.

With cirrhosis of the liver, complaints will be of pain in the right side of the abdomen under the ribs, the appearance of spider veins on the skin, indigestion, excessive formation of gases, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, in advanced cases – internal bleeding.

What tests are needed?

To find out the relative content of all formed elements in the blood, it is necessary to analyze the hematocrit. It is done as part of a general blood test (CBC), when, together with Ht, the number of all elements is calculated, and the ESR is also determined.

Usually, it is with the KLA that a patient’s examination begins to identify a particular disease, or it is carried out for preventive purposes as part of a medical examination, medical examination.

Both venous blood and capillary fingerstick blood can be used for analysis. It is best to take the test in the morning, before breakfast. This allows you to get the right readings that will help the doctor determine if Ht is elevated or low, or its values ​​are within the normal range.

What does it mean if the hematocrit is below normal in an adult

In this article we consider what to do if the hematocrit is below normal, what does this mean in an adult?

Determination of the hematocrit value is included in the extended complete blood count. The criterion allows you to evaluate the work of the hematopoietic system. The functioning of other organs directly depends on its full functional activity, since it is erythrocytes that deliver oxygen to organs and tissues.

A decrease in hematocrit may occur without the manifestation of pronounced clinical symptoms. A person can attribute increased fatigue to high workload and lack of time for rest. However, a decrease in hematocrit is one of the first symptoms of anemia that requires treatment. The article also addresses the issue of the danger of a long-term decrease in hematocrit.

What does hematocrit show?

The value reflects the volume of the liquid part of the blood, which contains formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) in the bloodstream. The hematocrit value is measured as a percentage. So, if the analysis indicates that the hematocrit is 40%, this means that 40% of red blood cells, platelets, etc. are present in 100 ml of blood.

Decreased hematocrit in the blood is observed in patients with a low number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. The indicator also takes into account the size of blood cells. Their decrease is naturally reflected in the results of the analysis.

Measurement of hematocrit is useful in the diagnosis of anemia and hyperproteinemia, as well as in assessing the effectiveness of the selected treatment methods. The test is performed on patients with dehydration to assess the severity of their condition. Included in the list of obligatory determinable indicators for people who are scheduled for blood transfusion, and for pregnant women.

Main article: What is hematocrit, why is it needed and what are its norms?

Hematocrit is below normal – what does it mean?

A low hematocrit in an adult indicates a reduction in the number of red blood cells in the blood. In this case, the doctor will prescribe additional laboratory tests and instrumental diagnostic methods. Among the laboratory parameters, it is important to determine: the level of iron and ferritin, as well as to evaluate the biochemical parameters of the blood. Of the instrumental methods, it is preferable to conduct an ultrasound examination of the digestive organs, liver and small pelvis. Based on the results of a comprehensive examination and the collected history of the patient, the doctor determines the cause of the low hematocrit.

It should be borne in mind that if a woman gave biomaterial for analysis during menstruation, then the hematocrit is below normal – this is a standard phenomenon. During this period, a woman loses a certain amount of blood, which means that the level of red blood cells is somewhat reduced.

It is important to follow the rules of patient preparation, as well as the collection and transport of biomaterial. During venipuncture, destruction of red blood cells in vitro (hemolysis) can occur. For example, due to strong or prolonged squeezing of the site of taking the biomaterial with a tourniquet or at the wrong temperature for storing the collected blood. The obtained indications cannot be considered reliable, and the patient will definitely need to re-take the biomaterial.

Causes of a decrease in hematocrit in adults

Only the attending physician after a complete diagnosis can determine the exact cause in each specific case. Consider the main causes of low hematocrit in adults.

Anemia (anemia) describes a group of similar syndromes, united on the basis of a total decrease in the level of hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells. It should be noted that the isolated term “anemia”, without clarifying explanations, does not describe a specific disease. In this case, it is only a separate symptom of a disease.

The decrease in the number of erythrocytes is mainly accompanied by changes in their qualitative composition. Which leads to a deterioration in respiratory activity and the gradual development of oxygen starvation of the tissues of all organs. The main symptoms of anemia are:

• pale skin;
• increased weakness and fatigue;
• desire to eat chalk, earth, raw meat;
• hair loss, brittle nails, dry skin;
• decreased memory and performance;
• bluish or yellowish sclera;
• earthy skin tone;
• persistent drowsiness;
• frequent headaches and dizziness;
• shortness of breath even with little physical activity;
• tachycardia.

The main causes of anemia

There are many known mechanisms for the development of anemia. Let’s consider the main ones:

• Malfunctions in the process of synthesis of red blood cells and hemoglobin due to lack of iron and vitamins B 9 in the human bodyand 12, as well as for pathologies of the red bone marrow.
• Deficiency of red blood cells due to large blood loss, for example, in serious injuries or during surgery. A similar condition occurs in people with chronic bleeding (hemorrhoidal bleeding, intercycle blood loss in women, etc.). The main mechanism is a decrease in the concentration of iron, and not a decrease in the number of red blood cells.
• Mechanism of enhanced destruction of blood cells. The average lifespan of red blood cells is 4 months. With the manifestation of pathologies affecting the hematopoietic system, blood cells begin to degrade at an accelerated rate. The decay process is also influenced by external factors, for example, the use of vinegar in large quantities.

The prognosis of the outcome of iron deficiency anemia is extremely favorable. The condition is stopped by taking iron and vitamins. The outcome of other forms of anemia depends on their severity.

Read more: Causes and characteristics of low hematocrit in children

Fluid in the body

Hematocrit is also lowered with increased fluid content in the body of an adult. This condition is not associated with excessive fluid intake, but with its retention in the body. Causes: kidney pathology, viral or bacterial infection. There is an increase in blood plasma volumes, while the number of red blood cells does not increase. This naturally leads to a decrease in the hematocrit value.

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Hyperproteinemia and nutrition

Another reason is hyperproteinemia. Pathology is characterized by an excess content of proteins in the bloodstream. It occurs due to a violation of the normal functioning of the liver. Proteins begin to “attract” an excess amount of water, while the number of red blood cells does not increase. Thus, their percentage with blood plasma decreases.

In adult patients, the hematocrit is also reduced with a sharp change in diet, prolonged fasting and blood loss.

Pregnancy

During pregnancy, especially in the second trimester, a decrease in the value in question is considered normal. In women, the level of plasma volume increases, and red blood cells are not synthesized at an accelerated pace. Thus, the percentage of plasma-erythrocytes is shifted towards a decrease in the latter. The decrease in hematocrit value begins from the fourth week, reaching a peak by 31-35 weeks.

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However, a long-term decrease in the indicator should not be ignored, additional diagnostics should be carried out in order to exclude the possible development of pathological conditions. Thus, a decrease in hematocrit up to 30% can cause the development of intrauterine fetal hypoxia, impaired fetoplacental circulation, fetal growth retardation, etc. An indicator of 15 to 25% indicates the need for immediate hospitalization of a pregnant woman, followed by continuous monitoring.

Other causes

Also, low hematocrit in adults can be observed with:

• lead intoxication;
• splenomegaly;
• leukemias;
• conditions after chemotherapy;
• acute infectious processes;
• severe intoxications.

Is low hematocrit dangerous?

The main function of red blood cells is the sufficient supply of cells and tissues with molecular oxygen. With their decrease, there is an insufficient supply of oxygen to the organs. This has a particularly negative effect on the functional activity of the brain. A person has a decrease in concentration, memory and mental activity.

Adults with a low hematocrit are more susceptible to infectious diseases, are unable to function fully, get tired more quickly and lose concentration. In the future, a lack of red blood cells can lead to the development of pathologies of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys.

Methods for increasing hematocrit

Do not try to increase the level of red blood cells on your own. The necessary treatment will be selected by a specialist based on the results of laboratory and instrumental studies. In case of prolonged starvation or dehydration, it is necessary to restore the normal diet and the amount of fluid consumed per day. In this case, the patient can do without drug therapy. It is also important to establish a daily routine and plan enough time for rest and walks in the fresh air.

If there is a shortage of iron or other elements, the doctor will select the necessary drugs, their dosage and determine the duration of their course. You should not interrupt the course of treatment yourself, even if the symptoms of anemia no longer bother you. Iron-rich foods should be included in the diet. For example, beef liver, seafood, lentils, red meat, nuts and pomegranate.

The use of alternative methods of treatment without prior agreement with the doctor is unacceptable.