What Does a Lump Between the Ribcage Above the Stomach Mean?

Key takeaways:

• A lump between the ribcage above the stomach may indicate many underlying health problems.
• A lump in the center of the abdomen may be due to epigastric hernia, certain types of cancer, or other issues.
• Consult with your healthcare practitioner when you observe a lump on your abdomen.
• Routine health check-ups may help you to catch health issues early and increase your chances of a better prognosis.

There are a million things happening inside your body. In some cases, these unusual activities may manifest either as a sign or a symptom.

A sign that is easily visible is an overgrowth on the abdomen observed as an abdominal mass or lump between the ribcage above the stomach.

In the majority of the cases, an abdominal lump can be an innocuous growth that can either go away on its own or through mild treatment. However, sometimes, it can signal a serious underlying condition.

In any case, if you see a lump on your belly, it is best to see your medical practitioner to pin down the cause and further course of treatment.*

The Most Common Cause of a Lump Between the Rib Cage Above the Stomach

The most common underlying problem that can cause an abdominal mass to appear is a hernia. A hernia occurs when part of an organ, or fatty tissue, squeezes into an area where it has no business being in.

All organs inside the abdominal cavity are surrounded by connective tissue and muscle to form the abdominal wall. If there is a weak spot – a fascia – in this wall, the part of the organ closest to it may squeeze through this newly formed opening to enter the adjoining cavity.  

A weak spot may occur in the connective tissue or the muscle as a result of pressure, for instance, when you lift a heavy object.

A lump between the rib cage above the stomach is often due to a condition called epigastric hernia.

Epigastrium is a part of your abdominal cavity that is just below the rib cage. In this condition, a lump may be visible just below the sternum, or breastbone.

When the abdominal wall in this area weakens, fatty tissue pushes through the weak spot and forms a lump. The only symptom, if any, of this kind of condition is tenderness and a slight pain in the lump as the fatty tissue is pinched by the muscles in the abdominal wall.

Epigastric hernias won’t go away on their own, even if you feel no pain or other discomfort. In fact, these tend to get larger and may cause complications. Surgery is often recommended.

Pressure in the abdomen may also increase due to constipation, diarrhea, persistent coughing, or sneezing. Other reasons why abdominal muscles may become weak are poor nutrition, obesity, smoking and old age.

Other Reasons for an Abdominal Mass

Your abdominal cavity is home to a number of organs like the stomach, gut, spleen, liver, kidneys, urinary bladder, pancreas, gallbladder, etc.

The location of the abdominal mass on your belly may help your healthcare practitioner begin to identify which organ (or associated structure) it is coming from.

If you draw a cross on the abdomen, it gets divided into four areas, or quadrants – left upper, right upper, left lower and right lower. Your healthcare practitioner will likely identify the quadrant your lump is in. Lumps can also be classified as either epigastric, (if it is located in the center of the belly, just below the rib cage), or periumbilical (if it is located around the navel, or belly button).

There can be many possible causes for lumps on the abdomen:

1.

Cysts

Cysts are small sac-like structures usually filled with a semi-solid material. They can form anywhere in the body. Cysts that may cause a lump on the abdomen include ovarian cysts, pancreatic pseudocysts, and a harmless cyst called peritoneal inclusion. In rare cases, cysts may become cancerous.

Cysts, especially those that are easily visible, can be cleaned by draining the fluid and helping it to heal. However, cysts are usually a manifestation of an underlying cause so the focus should be on treating the condition.

Most cysts form inside the body and may cause complications if they go undiagnosed and untreated. An imaging test like a full-body MRI can help detect such abnormalities inside the body.

Recommended reading: What’s the Difference Between a Cyst vs. Tumor?

2.

Lipoma

Lipomas are soft tissue tumors that form due to the slow growth of fatty tissue. They aren’t cancerous. They cause soft, rubbery lumps that move when you touch them.

They are very common with roughly 1 person in every 1,000 having them. Most lipomas will not bother you. However, bothersome lipomas may be removed through a minor surgery, which is usually an outpatient procedure.

3.

Bacterial Infection

A bacterial infection can cause an abscess or a furuncle (boil), each of which may cause a lump on the surface of the skin.

An abscess is a pus-filled pocket when bacteria enter the skin through a cut or a scratch, they localize and start multiplying. An infection involving a hair follicle may also result in a boil, or a furuncle.

The body’s defense mechanism – the immune system – fights these invaders. The battle leaves many dead cells – bacterial and tissue – along with liquid that has oozed out of the surrounding blood vessels. As the tissue dies, it creates a cavity. The “pus” fills the cavity and causes a lump-like structure.

The lumps are usually tender to touch and very painful. Treatment is through antibiotics.  

4.

Hematoma

When a blood vessel ruptures due to a trauma injury, blood leaks out into the tissues where it accumulates, causing what is known as hematoma. The formation of a lump is often a result of an associated inflammatory response – pain, swelling and redness.

Other conditions like certain medications, diseases, pregnancy, menstruation, labor, etc. may also cause hematomas.

Most hematomas naturally resolve with time. If the trauma is severe, there may be widespread internal bleeding and damage that may require medical intervention.

5.

Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly is a condition in which your spleen becomes enlarged as a result of an underlying condition like liver disease, infections, or blood cancers. The enlarged spleen bulges out and can be felt as a lump on the upper quadrant of the abdomen.

The first step is to assess why the spleen is enlarged through a spleen MRI and then to coordinate an appropriate treatment.

6.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

An aortic aneurysm is a condition in which the aorta undergoes a balloon-like bulging.

The aorta is a major blood vessel that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body. The bulge on the aorta may burst and cause extreme complications, even death.

If the bulging occurs further down the aorta, it is called abdominal aortic aneurysm. This results in a lump in the abdomen below the chest. While the lump itself may not be as painful, it may relate to throbbing, pulsating pain in the back or the left side.

Treatment of this condition is by a combination of medicines and surgery.  

7.

Xiphoid Syndrome (Xiphodynia)

The xiphoid process, also referred to as the metasternum, is a small, bony extension of the sternum at its lower end. When this part is damaged, it gets inflamed. The resultant swelling may form a lump on the abdomen.

The sternum, or breastbone, is in the center of the chest. A chest trauma is the major cause of xiphoid process inflammation.

Treatment depends upon the extent of injury. Before deciding on the course of treatment, the healthcare practitioner will first need to confirm diagnosis. This is usually done using imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan.

If the xiphoid process isn’t fractured and is only inflamed, medication may help treat the condition. If, however, the damage is extensive, surgery may be needed.

8.

Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is a severe condition affecting the digestive system. The digestive tract is inflamed, resulting in abdominal pain and severe diarrhea that results in malnutrition, fatigue and weight loss.

This condition may cause the formation of a mass in the right lower quadrant.

9.

Cancer

In rare cases, the abdominal mass observed on your belly may be a tumor of the underlying organ.

Not all tumors are cancerous. To verify, you need a proper diagnosis from a medical professional.

If the abdominal mass is seen as a lump between the ribcage above the stomach, it may be a cancer of the stomach or the pancreas.

Note: ezra does not examine the stomach, as MRI technology is not the preferred way to scan this part of the body.

If the lump is in the right upper quadrant, it may be due to cancer of the liver or gallbladder. However, hepatomegaly, a condition in which the liver becomes enlarged, may also be due to other conditions. Similarly, if the lump is due to a problem with the gallbladder, it might either be cancer or cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder).

If the abdominal mass is in the left upper quadrant, it may indicate the involvement of spleen, gut and kidney.

What Are the Symptoms of an Abdominal Mass?

The symptoms of an abdominal lump will depend on the underlying condition. Pain is usually the most common symptom, along with tenderness of the lump. Many times, you will not experience any symptoms.

If you are suffering from epigastric hernia, you may experience symptoms like pain during an activity that exerts pressure on the hernia (coughing, lifting a heavy object, etc. ), a burning sensation in the lump, a sense of heaviness, weakness or pressure in the abdomen.

Other symptoms may include gastrointestinal distress (constipation, diarrhea), rectal bleeding, weight loss, fever, etc.

What To Do About Abdominal Lumps

If you think you have a lump in the upper abdomen, visit your healthcare practitioner. However, a lump might not be apparent to you and will only be found during a routine physical exam.

Your healthcare practitioner will ask you to get a few tests. These may include blood tests, urinalysis, biopsy, and imaging tests like a CT (computed tomography) scan, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan.

Stay Ahead of Health Issues With Proactive Screenings

A lump between the ribcage above the stomach may indicate many things, from minor issues like abscesses, cysts, and lipomas, to more serious causes like hernia or cancer.

If you find an abdominal mass, see your healthcare practitioner. They may also find a lump you haven’t noticed during a routine check-up, as they do not always cause observable symptoms.

Health issues do not always show signs or symptoms. That’s why you need to stay on top of your health.

At ezra, we believe routine, annual screenings help you gain a look inside your body, so you have more information about what might be happening with your body. That way, you can take proactive control of your health.

Early screening may give you a better chance of a good prognosis. So, we designed the ezra Full Body, a full-body screening service that scans up to 13 organs for potential cancer. The ezra Full Body Plus scans up to 14 organs.

You also get a 45-minute follow-up consultation with a Medical Provider to walk you through your easy-to-interpret ezra Report, and a personal Care Advisor to answer questions you may have throughout your ezra experience.

Our scans are fast, reliable, accurate and put you in an advantageous position with regards to your health.

Book your ezra scan today or take our five-minute quiz to better understand your risk of cancer.

*Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is not intended to diagnose or recommend a specific medical treatment and should not be relied on for any medical purposes. It is intended to provide information that can help you manage your well-being. If you have any concerns about your health, please talk to a healthcare provider.

Xiphoid process: Pain, lump, and removal

The xiphoid process is a small extension of bone just below the sternum. Straining and heavy lifting can damage the xiphoid process, leading to pain in the lower ribcage, breastbone, and muscles around the abdomen and diaphragm.

The name xiphoid derives from the Greek word for “straight sword” as the structure has a sharp tip, resembling a sword. It is also known by other names, including the metasternum, xiphisternum, and xiphoid cartilage.

In this article, we discuss symptoms, causes, and treatment options for xiphoid process pain. Fast facts about the xiphoid process:

• Pain in the xiphoid process is described as tightness in the lower sternum (breastbone).
• Medically speaking, this pain is called xiphoid syndrome or xiphodynia.
• The xiphoid process can typically heal itself of minor damage with little intervention.

This diagram shows the xiphoid process in red.
Image credit: Anatomography, November 3, 2012

The xiphoid process is a tiny bone structure located at the center of the chest, just below the lower part of the sternum.

At birth, the xiphoid process is formed from cartilage that eventually develops into bone.

During a person’s early life, the xiphoid process rarely causes any discomfort, given its soft cartilage structure. However, as it hardens, it can cause some discomfort in later life for many reasons.

Discomfort can range from mild to severe. A person may feel pain and experience swelling in muscle groups connected to the xiphoid process around the abdomen and chest, such as:

• upper abdominals
• chest
• throat
• arms

Pain, tenderness, and swelling can come and go, making it a challenge to diagnose. It is also possible for the area to become inflamed, causing a lump to develop around the lower sternum.

This lump is a result of inflammation. However, it can often be mistaken for a more serious medical condition, such as a tumor.

A common cause of xiphoid process pain is acute chest trauma that has damaged the structure.

The xiphoid process is not protected or supported by surrounding structures, making it vulnerable to damage. This damage can occur during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when a person applies too much pressure to the lower sternum.

Less common causes of xiphoid process pain can include:

• lifting heavy objects or weights
• repetitive strain on the torso

People who have felt pain in their lower sternum for more than 1 week should see a doctor for assessment.

Diagnosing xiphoid process pain can be challenging given the transient nature of symptoms and its proximity to several major organs and bone structures. For example, it can be initially mistaken for a broken rib.

The presence of inflammation forming a lump can also be mistaken for a tumor or a hernia.

Given the difficulty in confirming xiphoid process pain, doctors may recommend an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan.

With the help of these images, it is possible to assess any damage to the structure and the extent of any inflammation.

Treatment for xiphoid process pain depends on its cause.

A doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain.

They may also recommend that a person experiencing pain avoids high-intensity exercise or activities that put a strain on the area.

A strain or inflammation of the xiphoid process itself does not typically result in any permanent damage. However, if the xiphoid process breaks or fractures, it is possible for bone fragments to cause damage to surrounding vital organs.

For example, in rare cases, it is possible for a bone fragment to puncture the lungs, which can be life threatening.

Surgery

In such cases, surgical interventions may be a necessary precaution against internal damage.

The xiphoid process can be removed using an electrosurgical dissection of the lower sternum. This is typically referred to as a xiphoidectomy. The procedure is considered safe, with a low risk of complications.

The area can feel tender for several weeks postsurgery until the wound has healed.

The xiphoid process is a small, triangular part of the sternum that starts out as cartilage and eventually hardens as a person ages. Its main function is to act as a muscular attachment for other muscles in the area.

Xiphoid process pain may produce discomfort and swelling. However, it is rarely a cause for concern. However, if an individual experiences a tight pain in the lower sternum for more than a week, they should seek medical attention.

Xiphoid process pain can be triggered by many different causes and is most commonly a result of acute chest trauma.

Inflammation of the region can cause a lump to develop that may be mistaken for a more serious condition, such as a tumor or a hernia.

Some fractures or breaks may require the xiphoid process to be surgically removed to prevent more serious internal damage.

Lump in the sternum: causes, diagnosis and treatment

Content

• 1 Lump in the sternum: causes and methods of treatment
  • 1.1 Causes of the lump in the sternum
  • 1.2 Diagnosis of a bump in the sternum 9000 8
  • 1.3 Surveys for identifying the cause of a lump in the sternum
  • 1.4 How is a lump in the sternum treated?
  • 1.5 Drug treatment of a lump in the sternum
  • 1.6 Surgical treatment of a lump in the sternum
  • 1.7 Consequences of improper treatment of a bump in the sternum
  • 1.8 Removal of a bump in the sternum at home
  • 1. 9 Prevention of the appearance of a lump in the sternum
  • 1.11 Possible complications of a lump in the sternum and their prevention
  • 1.12 Video on the topic:
  • 1.13 Question-answer:
    • • 1.13.0.1 What reasons can cause a bump in the sternum?
      • 1.13.0.2 How is a lump in the sternum diagnosed?
      • 1.13.0.3 What is the probability that a lump in the sternum is a tumor?
      • 1.13.0.4 What treatments are available for lumps in the sternum?
      • 1.13.0.5 If a mammogram does not reveal a tumor, does it mean that the bump in the sternum is safe?
      • 1.13.0.6 What are the possible consequences of ignoring a lump in the sternum?

A lump in the sternum can be a symptom of various diseases, including tumors and cysts. It is important to consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis and treatment. What can be the cause of a lump in the chest area and what measures need to be taken – read our article.

Breast lumps can be caused by many factors such as hormonal imbalance, trauma, infection, or even cancer. Therefore, it is important to study all possible causing factors and consult a specialist to clarify the diagnosis.

In order to correctly determine the cause of the lump on the chest, it is necessary to conduct an examination and diagnosis. Your doctor may order a mammogram, ultrasound, or biopsy to look for additional signs of the disease or to confirm the diagnosis.

The treatment for a breast lump depends on its cause. In some cases, even surgery will be needed, but in milder cases, drug therapy or non-invasive treatments may be required. In any case, it is impossible to do without consulting a doctor and professional help.

Breast health is a guarantee of women’s health in general. When a lump appears on the chest, be sure to consult a doctor and do not hesitate with timely treatment.

Causes of a bump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum is a serious symptom that may indicate various diseases. One of the reasons for the appearance of bumps is a hernia. A hernia occurs when internal organs protrude outside the abdominal cavity through weak points in the abdominal wall. Often a hernia occurs in the abdomen, but it can also appear in the sternum.

A lump in the sternum can also be caused by other causes, such as a tumor, abscess, bone defect, or inflammation of the thyroid gland. At the first sign of problems in this area, you should consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis of a bump in the sternum

The appearance of a bump in the sternum can be the first symptom of various diseases. Attention should be paid to characteristics such as shape, size, texture, presence of pain, and superficial location.

If the lump is round and has smooth borders, this may indicate a cyst. A round bump with uneven borders and a dense texture may be a sign of a tumor. If the bump does not cause pain and is superficially located, it may be a fatty tumor or cyst. The presence of pain and heterogeneous texture may indicate ganglioneuroma. For an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a doctor and conduct appropriate studies.

In the event of a bump in the sternum, you should consult a doctor. Early treatment will help prevent the development of serious diseases and increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Examinations to identify the cause of a lump in the sternum

Lumps in the sternum can be caused by various causes. To find out what exactly caused the formation of the tumor, it is necessary to undergo several examinations.

The first step for any symptoms that are unusual for your body should always be to see a doctor. At the appointment with a general practitioner, you can talk about your feelings and previously similar cases of diseases in your loved ones. Your therapist may recommend laboratory and clinical tests for you, depending on the situation.

In addition, x-rays, CT scans, or magnetic resonance imaging may be needed to determine the cause of lumps in the chest area. These methods allow you to more accurately see what is happening inside tissues and organs.

Once the doctor has received the results of all necessary examinations, he can make a final diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment.

• Recommended examinations to identify the causes of lumps in the sternum:
  1. Laboratory blood and urine tests.
  2. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.
  3. X-ray examination.
  4. Computed tomography.
  5. Magnetic resonance imaging.

How is a lump in the sternum treated?

The treatment of a lump in the sternum depends on the cause of the lump. One of the possible symptoms of lumps in the chest are hernias. If the lump is caused by a hernia, treatment may include wearing a brace and doing exercises to relieve pressure in the chest area.

If the cause of the lump is not related to a hernia, treatment may include surgery. Surgery may be necessary if the lump in the chest causes significant discomfort or the risk of serious complications.

Medicines may also be given to treat a lump in the sternum. For example, if there is inflammation or infection around a bump, antibiotics may be given. If the lump is causing pain, pain medication may be used.

In any case, the choice of method for treating lumps in the sternum should be made only after consulting a doctor and conducting a diagnosis. Only an experienced specialist can accurately determine the cause of the lump and make a correct diagnosis, which, in turn, is the basis for effective treatment.

Drug treatment of a lump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum can be caused by hernias that cause symptoms such as pain and discomfort. Drug treatment for the bump may include anti-inflammatory or pain medications to reduce pain and inflammation.

Drugs used to treat breast lumps may include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. They can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation in the area of ​​the bump.

If the lump is caused by a hernia, a drug may be given to help relieve pressure on the hernia and reduce symptoms. Such preparations may include certain types of muscle relaxants or analgesics.

Drug treatment can be used in combination with other methods, such as physical therapy or surgery, to achieve the best result in treating a lump in the sternum.

Surgical treatment of a lump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum is often a symptom of a serious disease that requires surgery. It could be breast cancer, a tumor, or a cyst. Surgical treatment is one of the ways to combat these diseases.

Before proceeding with the operation, the doctor conducts a detailed diagnosis to determine the exact diagnosis and extent of the disease. After that, the patient is prescribed surgical treatment. During the operation, the doctor removes the bump in the sternum using different methods depending on the diagnosis and the condition of the patient.

Surgical treatment is a rather complex process, so it is important to choose a qualified specialist to perform the operation. It is recommended to contact a clinic with a good reputation and positive feedback from patients.

After the operation, you must follow all the doctor’s instructions for caring for the wound and take the prescribed medications. This will help to avoid possible complications and speed up the healing process. It is also important to complete all scheduled postoperative examinations.

Consequences of improper treatment of a lump in the sternum

A lump in the sternum can be caused by various causes, but improper treatment can lead to serious consequences.

One such consequence is a hernia, which can result from surgery to remove the bump. If the wound does not heal properly or postoperative care is not followed, then hernias can form, which is often painful and requires additional treatment.

Another possible consequence of improper treatment of a lump in the chest area is the symptoms that may remain after surgery. This may include pain, swelling, and discomfort that may persist for a long time and interfere with normal activities. Therefore, it is important to treat the bumps with care and follow the recommendations of a specialist.

In general, improper treatment of a lump in the chest area can lead to various complications, so it is necessary to carefully choose the clinic and doctor, follow the recommendations of the postoperative period, and report any unusual symptoms to the doctor.

Removal of a lump in the sternum at home

Removal of a lump in the sternum is a practice that should be entrusted to an experienced doctor. But if the hernia in this place has not yet begun and the lump does not cause symptoms, you can try to remove it at home.

Start by applying ice to the bump for a few days to reduce its size. Then, using an antiseptic applied to the skin around the bump, gently try to move it with your fingers to the sides. If the bump does not give back, do not try to continue, but see a doctor.

In case the bump gives symptoms such as pain or pressure on the chest, no experimentation is required. Seek immediate medical attention. A doctor can identify the risk of developing a hernia and suggest the treatment that is needed to prevent further problems.

• Do not try to open the bump and remove the contents yourself. This can lead to infection and other complications.
• Make sure you are clean and dry when in contact with the bump. Use gloves and antiseptic to prevent infection

If you suspect a hernia, be sure to visit a doctor. He will diagnose and talk about possible treatments, including surgery to eliminate the bump and the cause of its occurrence.

Prevention of the appearance of a bump in the sternum

One of the most important points in the prevention of the appearance of a lump in the sternum is the correct posture. A person who has developed back and abs muscles is less likely to encounter this problem. You can prevent its occurrence by performing special exercises to stretch the chest and strengthen the back muscles.

It is also important to control your weight to avoid a hernia in the sternum. Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle can help with this.

If you have a job that involves lifting heavy loads, you must use special devices for folding and unloading loads. This will help to avoid sudden movements and injuries that can cause bumps in the sternum.

• Pay attention to your shoes.
• Standing on heels, you distribute the weight of the body incorrectly: the load on the chest increases.

It is important to know that a bump in the sternum is not an independent disease, but a consequence of the development of another pathology. An increased risk of its occurrence in the elderly and in those who lead a sedentary lifestyle.

The importance of seeking medical attention if a lump is found in the sternum

A lump in the sternum can be a symptom of various diseases and pathologies. If you find such a lump, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Among the possible reasons for the appearance of bumps in the sternum can be hernias of various levels of complexity. A hernia can pass through a hole in the muscles and ligaments of the thoracic spine, resulting in lumps.

Treatment for a lump in the sternum depends on the cause of the lump and may include methods such as surgery, medication, and massage. Treatment should be carried out only under the supervision of a physician.

You should never ignore these symptoms or try to treat a lump in the sternum yourself. Seeing a doctor on time will help to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and begin treatment.

Possible complications with a lump in the sternum and their prevention

A bump in the sternum can cause a number of complications if you do not pay attention to it and do not carry out timely treatment. With prolonged absence of therapy, a hernia may form – protrusions of internal organs through weak areas of the muscles in a limited area of ​​​​the body.

hernias can be dangerous and lead to impaired circulation and blockage of organ motility. Therefore, it is necessary to be attentive to your health and regularly examined, especially if there is a bump in the sternum.

To prevent possible complications, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right and move a lot. It is also necessary to seek medical help at the first sign of a bump in the sternum. Regular examination will help to identify problems in a timely manner and begin treatment as soon as possible.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What causes a bump in the sternum?

A lump in the sternum can be caused by various causes: inflammatory diseases (eg, furuncle), mammary gland pathologies (breasts in women), diaphragmatic hernia, trauma or neoplastic diseases.

How is a lump in the sternum diagnosed?

Various tests are performed to diagnose a lump in the sternum: physical examination, mammography, breast ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

What is the probability that a lump in the sternum is a tumor?

The likelihood that a lump in the sternum is a tumor depends on its characteristics and is observed in many cases. If the lump grows quickly, has a heterogeneous structure, changes color, causes pain, or enlarges the lymph nodes, the likelihood of a tumor is high.

What treatments are available for lumps in the sternum?

The treatment for a lump in the sternum depends on its cause. If the bump is caused by an inflammatory process, treatment may include antibiotics and local pain medication. The tumor often requires surgical treatment, possibly followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

If a mammogram does not reveal a tumor, does this mean that the bump in the sternum is safe?

No, this does not mean that a lump in the sternum is safe, as mammography may not show all types of tumors. It is recommended to conduct other studies to establish an accurate diagnosis.

What are the possible consequences of ignoring a lump in the sternum?

Ignoring a bump in the sternum can lead to the development of serious diseases, including tumors. If you notice a bump in the sternum, be sure to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Breast cancer: no need to be afraid of a mammologist!

What you need to know about breast cancer: TopDoc.me, a free doctor search service, asked the most important questions to a highly qualified breast oncologist.

Doctor of Medicine of the Hannover Medical Institute, oncologist-mammologist and chemotherapist Brimova Aigul Demeugalievna studied not only in Kazakhstan, but also in several Western countries: Germany, Austria, and the USA. Aigul Demugalievna is an active member of the consortium of mammological centers NCBC USA, she has information on new methods of diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant diseases of the mammary glands. He receives a doctor at the UMIT Cancer Center for Tomotherapy in Astana.

It was Dr. Brimova that TopDoc.me turned to for up-to-date information about breast cancer (BC).

– What is breast cancer?

– Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor that has different types, differing both in its course and in sensitivity to antitumor effects. Treatment depends on the type of tumor.

On average, about 3,500 women with breast cancer are diagnosed annually in Kazakhstan, of which approximately 1,400, unfortunately, die, which is almost 45%. The five-year survival rate today is over 54%. The peak incidence occurs in women aged 58-61, however, cancer is detected in all age groups. And recently there has been a trend of rejuvenation of breast cancer, that is, cancer can occur in women under 40 years old.

What factors increase the risk of developing breast cancer?

– Firstly, exposure to radiation, chemicals, long-term use of hormonal drugs, contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, in particular, during menopause. There are already many studies proving a link between long-term use of hormone replacement therapy in menopause and an increased risk of developing breast cancer.

Secondly, lifestyle plays a role, such a concept as an increase in social level, leading to weight gain, to the development of diabetes, hypertension – this can provoke a disease. In addition to them, hormonal changes during menopause and thyroid diseases have a certain effect.

All these factors do not necessarily lead to cancer, but under certain circumstances and in the presence of stress provoke the appearance and development of a malignant neoplasm.

With the development of technology, it has become possible to determine hereditary predisposition. In about 10% of cases, the hereditary factor plays a role when there is a gene that is passed down from generation to generation. When we see in the same family, for example, breast cancer in a grandmother and in a mother, then the daughter will also be at high risk. In laboratories, you can take an analysis for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes – this is a genetic analysis for a predisposition to breast cancer. That is, a woman can find out if she has inherited this gene, in connection with which the likelihood of developing breast cancer or ovaries increases.

There are several subtypes of breast cancer, by which we determine whether the tumor is triggered by the action of hormones or is associated with a mutation of certain genes. It is very important for subsequent successful treatment to determine the status of the tumor, its biological subtype.

How fast does breast cancer grow?

– It depends on the type of tumor, and the age of the woman also plays a role. In old age, the tumor develops slowly, can grow for years, within 5-10 years. But if this is a young age, up to 50 years old, then growth is faster, and up to 40 years old it is very aggressive, it can grow within one year. Just as quickly, the tumor can grow in a woman who is pre-menopausal or menopausal taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

– What are the early symptoms of breast cancer?

Unfortunately, there are no early symptoms of breast cancer. The tumor is not detected in the early stages, there are no pains, seals, no discharge from the nipple, nothing bothers the woman. Therefore, it is very important, starting from the age of 40, to undergo screenings, to do mammography, so that it is possible to detect cancer at an early stage.

Early cancer can only be seen on a mammogram. At an early stage, breast cancer is a grouped microcalcifications – these are small dots, literally dust particles that can only be seen on an x-ray. Therefore, I strongly recommend that women get screened from the age of 40.

And in general, any girl, as soon as menstruation begins, should visit a mammologist once a year, because only a specialist can see and recognize any changes in the mammary gland. This will be enough to identify a particular pathology and prevent it from developing.

– What other symptoms can appear with breast cancer?

If you find that:

• one breast became visually different from the other;
• there was redness on the chest;
• the nipple has changed, it has become dense, edematous or retracted;
• bleed from the nipple;
• there was a depression on the skin of the chest,

You need to contact a mammologist immediately.

Where is breast cancer usually located?

– Localization can be in any part of the mammary gland, and can even occur outside the mammary gland, for example in the axillary region, or above the chest, between the ribs. During screening, such a tumor located outside the breast may not be seen, since it does not fall into the image area. And therefore, I repeat once again that once a year you need to go to a mammologist, as the doctor probes both the mammary gland and all the zones around and can determine the formation.

– Aigul Demeugalievna, now a large percentage of women suffer from mastopathy. Can mastopathy turn into cancer?

– Mastopathy is a hormonal dysfunction of the mammary glands, which is characterized by a change in the hormonal status of women. These changes can be combined with other hormonal changes, for example, there may be thyroid dysfunction – hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, there may be cysts, fibroids, endometriosis, polyps – all this can cause changes in the mammary gland that require conservative treatment.

To say that mastopathy can cause cancer is wrong. Mastopathy itself does not cause cancer, but in a woman’s body there may be cells that, under certain circumstances, mutate, begin to develop rapidly and degenerate into a malignant tumor.

Cancer cells are in the body of any person, they appear daily, but our immune system recognizes them and destroys them. If the immune system fails, cancer cells begin to grow unhindered and are perceived by the body as their own.

Where do breast cancer metastases go?

– Most often, metastases in breast cancer appear in the lymph nodes, bones, liver, lungs, brain and ovaries – these are the target organs. The lymph nodes are the first to react, so they should be checked first. Usually a puncture is done or during the operation a biopsy is made of the so-called “sentinel” node, the closest to the tumor, which takes on the entire load, trying to fight cancer cells.

– How is breast cancer treated?

– At a multidisciplinary consultation, which includes surgeons, chemotherapists, radiation oncologists, histologists and other specialists, a diagnosis is made – breast cancer. We all discuss each case together, based on the tumor subtype data, gene mutations found in the patient are taken into account. Thanks to molecular genetic analysis, we look at what mutations are there and how they are provoked, how they can be influenced. Geneticists give an opinion on mutations in genes and on their sensitivity to certain drugs. Applying these results, treatment is selected individually for a given person.

An optimal treatment plan is drawn up for the patient: either it is the surgical removal of the tumor and the sentinel node, or chemotherapy is performed first. For example, we decided to give chemotherapy before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor and then perform organ-preserving surgery. By conducting chemotherapy before surgery, we thereby prevent the development of metastases, that is, before surgery, we already kill cancer cells circulating in the blood. To date, there are studies that already at the zero stage of some types of cancer, cancer cells are released into the blood. Here we are talking about the prognosis of life for each individual patient. The effectiveness of the treatment is evaluated and then a surgical operation is performed to remove the tumor.

Breast cancer and any other cancer require a multidisciplinary approach, since in malignant neoplasms, not only one organ is affected, the whole organism is involved.

– What side effects can be from radiation therapy for breast cancer?

– Often there are burns on the skin. When the mammary gland is irradiated, the lungs, heart, and esophagus may be involved in the process. As a result, fibrosis can develop in the lungs, in which shortness of breath appears at the slightest exertion. The heart suffers, arrhythmia may appear.

– What are the benefits of tomotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer?

– This type of radiation treatment, like tomotherapy, has important advantages: there is photon irradiation, and there is visualization of the tumor by computed tomography. The tomoapparatus creates a three-dimensional image of the tumor, its size, shape and localization are accurately determined. This allows, firstly, to deliver the required dose of radiation to the tumor with great accuracy. And secondly, due to spiral irradiation, the tumor is affected from all projections, the entire tumor is uniformly exposed to radiation.

Only the place that needs to be irradiated is purposefully irradiated, only the beam is delivered there without involving neighboring organs and tissues. The tumor is irradiated more accurately and carefully, and, of course, this gives fewer complications.

Tomotherapy is safer and more gentle. A woman receives a full-fledged effective treatment and at the same time her quality of life does not suffer. Treatment with tomotherapy is outpatient, that is, the patient has the opportunity to maintain social activity.

UMIT Tomotherapy Cancer Center provides an opportunity to apply for a quota for tomotherapy treatment. Read more about how to apply for a quota in an interview with the director of the center, Yerzhan Mukatayevich Shayakhmetov.

How long do people live after breast cancer treatment? Whether it is possible to recover completely?

– Zero and first stage breast cancer is cured by 100%. If a woman is already in the third or fourth stage, then the results are much worse. According to statistics, the five-year survival rate (five years of life after diagnosis) is 54-55%.

Here we return again to the need for screening. Unfortunately, poor screening attendance is our weakness. We begin to think about our health when it is already too late.

But in other countries it is the other way around. For example, the famous case of film actress Angelina Jolie – she prophylactically removed the mammary glands and ovaries. How justified is this?

– All women who have genetic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high probability of developing breast cancer. Jolie, by removing organs, reduced the likelihood of developing breast cancer, but it cannot be said that she completely ruled out the possibility of cancer. There may be single cells of the mammary gland in the chest, and in the presence of this mutation, there is a chance of developing cancer. Therefore, visiting a mammologist and undergoing mammography (available and free) is still mandatory for all women.

“Some women are afraid to have a mammogram, believing it is unnecessary exposure.

Such fear is not justified. Mammography is an x-ray of the breast, done in two projections. Almost everywhere now there are digital radiography devices, their radiation exposure is much lower than, for example, fluorography, and the resolution is very high. From the age of 40, every woman should undergo a mammogram, since from this age the risk of breast cancer doubles.

Younger women under the age of 40 do not have mammography, as their breast structure is different, more dense, and mammography is less informative. They are undergoing an ultrasound examination.

– Aigul Demugalievna, let’s dispel a couple of myths that are often discussed among women. Is it true that the use of deodorant sticks leads to breast cancer due to the accumulation of aluminum oxide in the lymph nodes? They also say that tight bras with underwire can lead to cancer.

– No study has proven that the use of deodorants can lead to the development of breast cancer. The same goes for tight underwire bras. There are no statistically reliable scientific data. Of course, it is necessary that the linen is in size and not tight, preferably cotton, it is more hygienic.

– Do breast implants affect the development of cancer?

“Implants themselves do not lead to cancer. But if the implant is damaged and its contents leak out, then in some cases this can cause the development of lymphoma – a malignant blood disease.

Women with implants must be examined by a mammologist at least once a year. The risk is that there may be microtrauma that a woman does not feel.

– Can frequent abortions affect the occurrence of problems in the mammary gland?

– Certainly. Abortions cause changes in the mammary gland. When a woman becomes pregnant, she begins preparing for lactation, and certain hormones are produced. Abortion is a gross intervention in the hormonal sphere, which does not pass without a trace for the mammary gland.

– Can men get breast cancer?

– Happens. But very rarely and usually it is associated with the presence of the BRCA1 and / or BRCA2 gene. Here you need to look at the whole family, usually the mother or sister has a cancer gene or breast cancer. Men with breast cancer undergo the same examination and treatment as women.

– Some boys in puberty have breast swelling. Why is this happening?

– This is due to the lifestyle of a teenager, the products that he consumes, which may be high in estrogen. It is also possible to associate with thyroid diseases, pathologies of the gallbladder, liver, which can lead to the production of female hormones. In such cases, we work together with endocrinologists and gastroenterologists.

It is not necessary to assume that the problem with the mammary glands is a problem only for women. Problems with the mammary glands occur in men too, and in boys. Therefore, you need to be careful. We saw some kind of lump in a boy or a man – immediately to a mammologist.

– Aigul Demugalievna, what would you like to say to women?

– Do not be afraid to go to the mammologist. Unfortunately, often, if a woman finds a mass in her breast, she is afraid to go to the doctor. But with such behavior, the desire to hide from the problem, they aggravate the course of the disease and worsen the prognosis.

At the slightest symptoms – something seemed unusual, strange in your chest, something got sick – immediately contact a mammologist. It is better to prevent any pathology in advance than to treat it later in the later stages. Cancer at a late stage, with decay, with metastases, is much more difficult to treat, the treatment is very difficult to endure both physically, morally and socially.

When a woman in a family is sick with breast cancer, the whole family suffers, everyone is involved in this process.