What are the common causes of swollen cervical lymph nodes. How can you identify symptoms of lymph node swelling in the neck. When should you seek medical attention for swollen lymph nodes. What treatment options are available for cervical lymphadenopathy.

Understanding Cervical Lymph Nodes and Their Function

Cervical lymph nodes are small, kidney-shaped structures located in the neck region. They play a crucial role in the body’s immune system by filtering out harmful pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi before they can enter the bloodstream. These nodes are part of the larger lymphatic system, which is a network of organs and tissues that helps support immunity throughout the body.

Normally, cervical lymph nodes are smaller than 1 centimeter in diameter and may not be noticeable. However, when they become enlarged or swollen, it can be a sign of various underlying health conditions. This swelling, known as cervical lymphadenopathy, can occur in the front, sides, or back of the neck.

The Role of Lymph Nodes in the Immune Response

When an infection or other health issue arises in the head, neck, or throat area, the cervical lymph nodes spring into action. They trap invading pathogens and activate immune cells to fight off the threat. This immune response can cause the lymph nodes to swell as they fill with white blood cells and other immune components.

• Lymph nodes act as filters for harmful substances
• They contain immune cells that help fight infections
• Swelling is often a sign that the immune system is actively working

Common Causes of Swollen Cervical Lymph Nodes

Cervical lymphadenopathy can be attributed to various factors, ranging from minor infections to more serious health conditions. Understanding these causes is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Here are some of the most common reasons for swollen lymph nodes in the neck:

Infections

Infections are the most frequent cause of swollen cervical lymph nodes. These can include:

• Upper respiratory infections (common cold, flu)
• Strep throat or tonsillitis
• Ear infections
• Dental infections
• Skin infections or acne in the head and neck area
• Mononucleosis (glandular fever)
• COVID-19

In most cases, the swelling subsides once the infection clears up. However, persistent swelling may require further investigation.

Autoimmune Diseases

Certain autoimmune conditions can cause inflammation in the lymph nodes, leading to swelling. Examples include:

• Lupus
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Sjögren’s syndrome

Cancer

While less common, swollen cervical lymph nodes can sometimes be a sign of cancer. Types of cancer that may cause cervical lymphadenopathy include:

• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
• Head and neck cancers

It’s important to note that cancer-related lymph node swelling is often accompanied by other symptoms and tends to be persistent.

Other Causes

Less common causes of swollen cervical lymph nodes include:

• Medication side effects
• Exposure to toxins
• Genetic conditions present since birth
• Salivary gland infections
• Inflammation due to hair dye use or tight hair braids

Recognizing Symptoms of Cervical Lymph Node Swelling

Identifying the symptoms associated with swollen cervical lymph nodes is crucial for early detection and treatment. While the specific symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause, there are several common signs to watch for:

Physical Changes

• Visible or palpable swelling in the neck area
• Tenderness or pain when touching the affected area
• Redness or warmth of the skin over the swollen nodes

Systemic Symptoms

Depending on the cause, swollen cervical lymph nodes may be accompanied by other symptoms such as:

• Fever or chills
• Fatigue or general malaise
• Body aches
• Sore throat
• Coughing
• Night sweats
• Unexplained weight loss (in more severe cases)

Do swollen cervical lymph nodes always cause pain? Not necessarily. While many people experience tenderness or discomfort, some may have painless swelling, especially if the underlying cause is not an acute infection.

Diagnosing the Cause of Swollen Cervical Lymph Nodes

When faced with swollen cervical lymph nodes, healthcare providers employ various diagnostic techniques to determine the underlying cause. This process typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and potentially additional tests.

Physical Examination

A doctor will usually start by carefully examining the neck area, feeling for any swollen nodes and assessing their size, consistency, and tenderness. They may also check for swelling in other areas of the body, such as under the arms or in the groin.

Medical History

The healthcare provider will ask about recent illnesses, symptoms, medications, and any other relevant factors that could contribute to lymph node swelling.

Additional Tests

Depending on the findings from the initial examination and medical history, further tests may be recommended:

• Blood tests to check for infections or other systemic issues
• Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to get a detailed view of the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues
• Fine needle aspiration or biopsy to examine the cells within the lymph node
• Specialized tests for specific conditions, such as HIV testing or tests for autoimmune diseases

How long does it typically take to diagnose the cause of swollen cervical lymph nodes? The timeframe can vary significantly depending on the complexity of the case and the tests required. Some causes may be apparent immediately, while others may require extensive testing over several weeks.

Treatment Options for Swollen Cervical Lymph Nodes

The treatment for swollen cervical lymph nodes depends largely on the underlying cause. In many cases, particularly when the swelling is due to a minor infection, the nodes may return to their normal size without specific treatment once the infection clears. However, various treatment approaches may be necessary for persistent or concerning cases.

Treating Underlying Infections

For bacterial infections, antibiotics may be prescribed. Viral infections often resolve on their own, but antiviral medications might be recommended in some cases. Treatment may include:

• Oral antibiotics for bacterial infections like strep throat
• Antiviral medications for certain viral infections
• Dental procedures for infections originating from teeth or gums

Managing Symptoms

To alleviate discomfort associated with swollen lymph nodes, the following measures may be helpful:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
• Applying warm compresses to the affected area
• Rest and adequate hydration to support the immune system

Treating Underlying Conditions

For swollen lymph nodes caused by non-infectious conditions, treatment will focus on addressing the root cause:

• Medications for autoimmune diseases
• Chemotherapy, radiation, or other targeted therapies for cancer
• Adjusting or changing medications if swelling is a side effect

In rare cases where a single, persistently enlarged lymph node is causing significant issues, surgical removal may be considered.

How long does it typically take for swollen cervical lymph nodes to return to normal size after treatment? The timeline can vary greatly depending on the cause and treatment. For minor infections, improvement may be seen within a few days to weeks. More complex conditions may require longer-term management.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Swollen Cervical Lymph Nodes

While swollen cervical lymph nodes are often harmless and resolve on their own, there are situations where medical evaluation is necessary. Knowing when to seek professional help can ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of any underlying issues.

Signs That Warrant Medical Attention

Consider consulting a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:

• Lymph node swelling that persists for more than two weeks
• Rapid or significant increase in the size of the lymph nodes
• Extremely painful or tender lymph nodes
• Hard, fixed, or immovable lymph nodes
• Lymph node swelling accompanied by unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or persistent fever
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing due to the swelling
• Redness or warmth of the skin over the swollen area, which may indicate an infection

Is it normal for cervical lymph nodes to remain slightly enlarged after an infection has cleared? While it’s not uncommon for lymph nodes to take some time to return to their normal size after fighting off an infection, persistent or significant enlargement should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Emergency Situations

In rare cases, swollen cervical lymph nodes may be associated with more serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. Seek emergency care if you experience:

• Sudden, severe swelling that affects breathing or swallowing
• High fever accompanied by severe neck pain or stiffness
• Signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as widespread swelling, difficulty breathing, or dizziness

Preventing and Managing Swollen Cervical Lymph Nodes

While it’s not always possible to prevent swollen cervical lymph nodes, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk and manage symptoms when they occur. A combination of healthy lifestyle habits and proactive care can go a long way in supporting your lymphatic and immune systems.

Preventive Measures

To minimize the risk of infections that can lead to swollen lymph nodes:

• Practice good hygiene, including regular handwashing
• Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support immune function
• Stay hydrated to help flush toxins from your body
• Get adequate sleep and manage stress levels
• Exercise regularly to promote lymph circulation
• Avoid close contact with individuals who have contagious illnesses
• Stay up-to-date on vaccinations

Self-Care for Mild Swelling

If you experience mild swelling of cervical lymph nodes:

• Apply warm compresses to the affected area for 10-15 minutes several times a day
• Get plenty of rest to allow your body to fight off any underlying infection
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers if needed for discomfort
• Avoid tight clothing or accessories around the neck area

Can massage help reduce swollen cervical lymph nodes? While gentle massage may promote lymph drainage, it’s important to be cautious. Aggressive massage of swollen lymph nodes can potentially spread infection or cause discomfort. Always consult with a healthcare provider before attempting to massage swollen lymph nodes.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Keep track of any changes in your lymph nodes and overall health:

• Monitor the size and tenderness of swollen nodes
• Note any additional symptoms that develop
• Follow up with your healthcare provider as recommended
• Attend regular check-ups to catch any potential issues early

By staying vigilant and taking care of your overall health, you can play an active role in managing and preventing issues related to cervical lymph nodes. Remember that while swollen lymph nodes are often harmless, persistent or concerning symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Swollen cervical lymph nodes: What does it mean?

Cervical lymph nodes are small nodes or glands in the neck. Swelling in the neck may indicate a nearby infection or other health condition.

The lymphatic system is a network of organs and tissues that helps support immunity. The lymph nodes are tiny, kidney-shaped structures that act as filters in this system. They trap and kill viruses, bacteria, and fungi before these pathogens can return to the bloodstream.

Swollen lymph nodes are usually a sign of infection but can stem from an inflammatory condition, an autoimmune disease, a reaction to a medication, or cancer. Sometimes they happen for no clear reason.

Swelling in the cervical lymph nodes may indicate a problem in the head, neck, throat, or lymphatic system.

This article outlines the potential causes of swollen cervical lymph nodes and information on treatment options and when to see a doctor.

Share on PinterestCoronation Dental Specialty Group, CC BY-SA 4. 0, via Wikimedia Commons

Lymph nodes are part of the immune system. They can enlarge when the system is defending the body from a nearby infection.

Cervical lymph nodes are in the front, sides, and back of the neck. They are usually smaller than 1 centimeter in diameter. If they are bigger, this could be a sign of an infection or other health problem, such as:

• an ear infection
• a dental infection
• a skin infection
• acne
• a salivary gland infection
• inflammation due to hair dye use or tight hair braids
• COVID-19
• a cold or flu
• tonsillitis
• glandular fever (mononucleosis or mono)
• some types of cancer

Lymph nodes can also become noticeable under the chin, under the arms, and around the groin, depending on where an infection occurs.

A person may or may not be able to feel if their cervical lymph nodes are swollen. However, a doctor may be able to feel one or more bumps beneath the skin when examining the neck region.

The precise symptoms that may occur with swollen lymph nodes will depend on the cause, but common symptoms of an infection include:

• fever or chills
• a general feeling of being unwell, known as malaise
• fatigue
• body aches
• pain or tenderness around the swollen nodes

Many conditions can cause swollen cervical lymph nodes, each with its own symptoms.

Here are some possible causes:

• infections
• autoimmune diseases
• inflammatory conditions
• tumors or cancer
• genetic conditions present since birth
• medication use or exposure to toxins

Here we look at some examples.

Infection

Infection is a common cause of swollen lymph nodes anywhere in the body.

When an infection occurs somewhere in the body, the lymph nodes in that area fill with white blood cells. The white blood cells then start to destroy the pathogens responsible for the infection.

The accumulation of white blood cells in the lymph nodes causes them to swell.

Some common infections that may lead to swollen cervical lymph nodes include:

• the common cold
• strep throat or tonsillitis
• ear infections
• dental infections

Additional signs of infection depend on the specific illness but may include:

• sore throat
• coughing
• earache
• fever
• fatigue

Lymph nodes that swell due to infection may be painful when a person touches them. They usually return to their usual size once the infection clears.

HIV

Swollen lymph nodes are common in the early or acute stage of HIV infection. At this stage, the body starts fighting the infection.

Research suggests the virus reaches nearby lymph nodes 3–6 days after infection. Noticeable symptoms occur in around two-thirds of people within 2–4 weeks.

They include swelling in the lymph nodes. Swelling can affect any lymph nodes but commonly occurs in the cervical lymph nodes.

A 2016 study investigated lymph node abnormalities in 100 people with HIV and swollen lymph nodes. Of the participants, 60% had swelling in the cervical lymph nodes.

Other symptoms of the early or acute stage of HIV include:

• sore throat
• mouth ulcers
• night sweats
• muscle aches
• fever and chills
• fatigue
• a rash

Cancer

Swollen cervical lymph nodes can sometimes be a sign of cancer.

Cancers that can cause swelling in the lymph nodes are:

• Hodgkin lymphoma, which commonly appears first in the neck and usually affects young adults
• chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a type of blood cancer that may cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck, above the collarbone, and under the arms
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which can develop in lymph nodes anywhere in the body and is most common among people aged 64–74 years
• other cancers, especially head and neck cancers, which can spread to the cervical lymph nodes

Other symptoms that may occur with all these conditions include:

• fever
• night sweats
• fatigue
• unexplained weight loss

The outlook for most cancers is better if a person seeks early treatment.

Medication side effects

Rarely, swollen lymph nodes can occur as a side effect of a medication. When medication is the cause, swelling may develop in any of the nodes, including the cervical lymph nodes.

Medications and toxins that can cause swollen lymph nodes include:

• allopurinol (Zyloprim), used for gout
• atenolol (Tenormin), used for blood pressure and heart disease
• captopril (Capoten), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for blood pressure
• carbamazepine (Tegretol), an anti-seizure and epilepsy medication
• cephalosporins, such as cephalexin (Keflex), an antibiotic
• hydralazine (Apresoline), a blood pressure medication
• penicillin
• phenytoin (Dilantin) and primidone (Mysoline), used to manage seizures
• quinidine (Quinidex), used for some irregular heartbeats
• sulfonamides, such as sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) used to treat psoriatic arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions

In rare cases, a chemotherapy drug known as granulocyte colony stimulating factor may also cause swelling of the lymph nodes.

What autoimmune conditions are there?

A doctor can usually detect a swollen cervical lymph node by feeling a person’s neck. They may do additional tests to find out why the swelling has occurred.

A doctor will likely ask about:

• other symptoms
• personal and family medical history
• medications used and possible exposure to toxins
• lifestyle habits
• recent travel
• recent exposure to other people who may have an infectious disease

They may also order the following diagnostic tests to find out the reason for swelling:

• blood tests
• throat culture
• CT or MRI scan
• X-rays

If necessary, the doctor may also perform a biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes to check for the presence of cancer cells.

The treatment options for swollen lymph nodes depend on the underlying cause.

Infectious causes

A swollen lymph node usually occurs as a result of infection. In such cases, the lymph node should return to its usual size once the infection has cleared.

Swollen lymph nodes typically do not require treatment unless they are painful. However, the following home remedies may help relieve discomfort:

• applying a warm compress several times per day
• taking over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• getting plenty of rest

A person should see their doctor if symptoms persist or worsen despite home treatment. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics if there are signs of a bacterial infection.

HIV

A person with HIV may receive antiretroviral medications to manage the virus. These drugs reduce the amount of the virus in a person’s blood and bodily fluids.

The drugs can reduce the viral load to where it is undetectable. Then, a person will no longer be able to pass on the disease. Many people can now live long and active lives with HIV, if they receive suitable treatment.

What does it mean when HIV is undetectable?

Cancer

Cancer treatments will depend on several factors, including:

• the type of cancer a person has
• the stage of the cancer
• the person’s overall health

Possible treatment options include:

• chemotherapy
• radiation therapy
• immunotherapy

In most cases, swollen cervical lymph nodes indicate the body is fighting an infection. Infections often go away without treatment, and the node should return to its usual size once the infection clears.

A person should seek medical advice if they experience:

• severe symptoms, such as pain, a high fever, or difficulty breathing
• swelling that lasts longer than 2 weeks
• additional symptoms, such as night sweats and a persistent fever
• swelling with no other symptoms, which may be a sign of cancer or an autoimmune disease
• a hard and painless swelling in the lymph node
• a rapid change in the size of the lymph node
• swelling in more than one area of lymph nodes, such as in the neck and the groin

Swollen cervical lymph nodes are common. In most cases, swelling is a temporary response to an infection, but it can also be a sign of a more severe underlying health condition.

A person should see their doctor if the swelling persists, worsens, or if it is causing concern. A doctor will investigate the cause and recommend a suitable course of treatment.

Swollen cervical lymph nodes: What does it mean?

Cervical lymph nodes are small nodes or glands in the neck. Swelling in the neck may indicate a nearby infection or other health condition.

The lymphatic system is a network of organs and tissues that helps support immunity. The lymph nodes are tiny, kidney-shaped structures that act as filters in this system. They trap and kill viruses, bacteria, and fungi before these pathogens can return to the bloodstream.

Swollen lymph nodes are usually a sign of infection but can stem from an inflammatory condition, an autoimmune disease, a reaction to a medication, or cancer. Sometimes they happen for no clear reason.

Swelling in the cervical lymph nodes may indicate a problem in the head, neck, throat, or lymphatic system.

This article outlines the potential causes of swollen cervical lymph nodes and information on treatment options and when to see a doctor.

Share on PinterestCoronation Dental Specialty Group, CC BY-SA 4. 0, via Wikimedia Commons

Lymph nodes are part of the immune system. They can enlarge when the system is defending the body from a nearby infection.

Cervical lymph nodes are in the front, sides, and back of the neck. They are usually smaller than 1 centimeter in diameter. If they are bigger, this could be a sign of an infection or other health problem, such as:

• an ear infection
• a dental infection
• a skin infection
• acne
• a salivary gland infection
• inflammation due to hair dye use or tight hair braids
• COVID-19
• a cold or flu
• tonsillitis
• glandular fever (mononucleosis or mono)
• some types of cancer

Lymph nodes can also become noticeable under the chin, under the arms, and around the groin, depending on where an infection occurs.

A person may or may not be able to feel if their cervical lymph nodes are swollen. However, a doctor may be able to feel one or more bumps beneath the skin when examining the neck region.

The precise symptoms that may occur with swollen lymph nodes will depend on the cause, but common symptoms of an infection include:

• fever or chills
• a general feeling of being unwell, known as malaise
• fatigue
• body aches
• pain or tenderness around the swollen nodes

Many conditions can cause swollen cervical lymph nodes, each with its own symptoms.

Here are some possible causes:

• infections
• autoimmune diseases
• inflammatory conditions
• tumors or cancer
• genetic conditions present since birth
• medication use or exposure to toxins

Here we look at some examples.

Infection

Infection is a common cause of swollen lymph nodes anywhere in the body.

When an infection occurs somewhere in the body, the lymph nodes in that area fill with white blood cells. The white blood cells then start to destroy the pathogens responsible for the infection.

The accumulation of white blood cells in the lymph nodes causes them to swell.

Some common infections that may lead to swollen cervical lymph nodes include:

• the common cold
• strep throat or tonsillitis
• ear infections
• dental infections

Additional signs of infection depend on the specific illness but may include:

• sore throat
• coughing
• earache
• fever
• fatigue

Lymph nodes that swell due to infection may be painful when a person touches them. They usually return to their usual size once the infection clears.

HIV

Swollen lymph nodes are common in the early or acute stage of HIV infection. At this stage, the body starts fighting the infection.

Research suggests the virus reaches nearby lymph nodes 3–6 days after infection. Noticeable symptoms occur in around two-thirds of people within 2–4 weeks.

They include swelling in the lymph nodes. Swelling can affect any lymph nodes but commonly occurs in the cervical lymph nodes.

A 2016 study investigated lymph node abnormalities in 100 people with HIV and swollen lymph nodes. Of the participants, 60% had swelling in the cervical lymph nodes.

Other symptoms of the early or acute stage of HIV include:

• sore throat
• mouth ulcers
• night sweats
• muscle aches
• fever and chills
• fatigue
• a rash

Cancer

Swollen cervical lymph nodes can sometimes be a sign of cancer.

Cancers that can cause swelling in the lymph nodes are:

• Hodgkin lymphoma, which commonly appears first in the neck and usually affects young adults
• chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a type of blood cancer that may cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck, above the collarbone, and under the arms
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which can develop in lymph nodes anywhere in the body and is most common among people aged 64–74 years
• other cancers, especially head and neck cancers, which can spread to the cervical lymph nodes

Other symptoms that may occur with all these conditions include:

• fever
• night sweats
• fatigue
• unexplained weight loss

The outlook for most cancers is better if a person seeks early treatment.

Medication side effects

Rarely, swollen lymph nodes can occur as a side effect of a medication. When medication is the cause, swelling may develop in any of the nodes, including the cervical lymph nodes.

Medications and toxins that can cause swollen lymph nodes include:

• allopurinol (Zyloprim), used for gout
• atenolol (Tenormin), used for blood pressure and heart disease
• captopril (Capoten), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for blood pressure
• carbamazepine (Tegretol), an anti-seizure and epilepsy medication
• cephalosporins, such as cephalexin (Keflex), an antibiotic
• hydralazine (Apresoline), a blood pressure medication
• penicillin
• phenytoin (Dilantin) and primidone (Mysoline), used to manage seizures
• quinidine (Quinidex), used for some irregular heartbeats
• sulfonamides, such as sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) used to treat psoriatic arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions

In rare cases, a chemotherapy drug known as granulocyte colony stimulating factor may also cause swelling of the lymph nodes.

What autoimmune conditions are there?

A doctor can usually detect a swollen cervical lymph node by feeling a person’s neck. They may do additional tests to find out why the swelling has occurred.

A doctor will likely ask about:

• other symptoms
• personal and family medical history
• medications used and possible exposure to toxins
• lifestyle habits
• recent travel
• recent exposure to other people who may have an infectious disease

They may also order the following diagnostic tests to find out the reason for swelling:

• blood tests
• throat culture
• CT or MRI scan
• X-rays

If necessary, the doctor may also perform a biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes to check for the presence of cancer cells.

The treatment options for swollen lymph nodes depend on the underlying cause.

Infectious causes

A swollen lymph node usually occurs as a result of infection. In such cases, the lymph node should return to its usual size once the infection has cleared.

Swollen lymph nodes typically do not require treatment unless they are painful. However, the following home remedies may help relieve discomfort:

• applying a warm compress several times per day
• taking over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• getting plenty of rest

A person should see their doctor if symptoms persist or worsen despite home treatment. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics if there are signs of a bacterial infection.

HIV

A person with HIV may receive antiretroviral medications to manage the virus. These drugs reduce the amount of the virus in a person’s blood and bodily fluids.

The drugs can reduce the viral load to where it is undetectable. Then, a person will no longer be able to pass on the disease. Many people can now live long and active lives with HIV, if they receive suitable treatment.

What does it mean when HIV is undetectable?

Cancer

Cancer treatments will depend on several factors, including:

• the type of cancer a person has
• the stage of the cancer
• the person’s overall health

Possible treatment options include:

• chemotherapy
• radiation therapy
• immunotherapy

In most cases, swollen cervical lymph nodes indicate the body is fighting an infection. Infections often go away without treatment, and the node should return to its usual size once the infection clears.

A person should seek medical advice if they experience:

• severe symptoms, such as pain, a high fever, or difficulty breathing
• swelling that lasts longer than 2 weeks
• additional symptoms, such as night sweats and a persistent fever
• swelling with no other symptoms, which may be a sign of cancer or an autoimmune disease
• a hard and painless swelling in the lymph node
• a rapid change in the size of the lymph node
• swelling in more than one area of lymph nodes, such as in the neck and the groin

Swollen cervical lymph nodes are common. In most cases, swelling is a temporary response to an infection, but it can also be a sign of a more severe underlying health condition.

A person should see their doctor if the swelling persists, worsens, or if it is causing concern. A doctor will investigate the cause and recommend a suitable course of treatment.

Cervical lymphadenopathy – causes, symptoms, who treats

What should be done to diagnose and treat enlarged cervical lymph nodes (cervical lymphadenopathy) ? To solve this problem, the first step for the patient is to make an appointment with a hematologist. After the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe additional tests:

• Ultrasound of the lymph nodes of the neck
• CT of neck lymph nodes
• MRI of lymph nodes
• Laboratory tests
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

Neck lymphadenitis is a condition where the lymph nodes become inflamed. This is a common sign that the body is fighting an infection, and the inflammation usually clears up on its own within 2 weeks. Lymph nodes often swell near the area of ​​infection: on the sides of the neck, under the chin, in the armpits, above and below the collarbone, under the knee, in the crook of the elbow, around the groin. The patient at home can relieve the symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes:

• drink plenty of fluids (to avoid dehydration)
• taking painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen.

Symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in the neck

When the condition worsens, you may notice atypical swelling on the sides of the neck. As a rule, they are tender and soft to the touch, and often cause discomfort or pain when touched. These bumps are swollen lymph nodes.

• Lymph nodes appear to be tender, painful bumps
• Sometimes gland swells only on one side of the neck
• Pain in the area of ​​infection
• High temperature.

Causes l

neck imfadenitis

The most common cause of the disease is an infection of the upper respiratory tract. As a rule, the disease disappears in 10-14 days, after which the lymph nodes return to normal on their own. It may take a few more weeks for full recovery. The symptom is also provoked by the following problems:

• colds and flu
• sinusitis
• streptococcal infection
• skin wounds
• mononucleosis
• tonsillitis and infection of the ear or throat
• viral infections such as glandular fever.

During this period of the body’s fight against infection, the lymphatic system passes more blood cells that need to be filtered. As a result, they accumulate, which provokes pressure and swelling of the lymph nodes. Usually, inflammation occurs near the main focus of infection: for example, with pharyngitis, the lymph nodes increase in the neck.

Rarely, swollen lymph nodes are a sign of cancer, such as cancer of the blood system (leukemia) or the lymphatic system (lymphoma). Other causes include trauma to the body, HIV, and metastatic cancer. When serious health problems occur, characteristic symptoms occur:

• cervical lymph nodes with a diameter of more than one centimeter
• inflammations are extremely painful, hard, close to the skin and grow rapidly
• pus exudes from lymph nodes
• rapid weight loss, night sweats, prolonged fever, difficulty breathing and constant fatigue
• knots become inflamed near the elbow, collarbone or lower neck (often indicative of cancer)
• the skin over the lymph nodes becomes red and inflamed.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of the above symptoms. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the more effective the subsequent treatment will be.

How a doctor diagnoses swollen lymph nodes in the neck

The patient should see a physician or hematologist and have an ultrasound scan of the lymph nodes in the neck if he observes the following symptoms:

• swollen glands become larger or do not decrease within 2 weeks lymph nodes feel hard or do not move when the patient presses on them
• have night sweats or very high fever for more than 3-4 days
• swollen lymph glands present and no other signs of illness or infection
• there are swollen lymph nodes just above or below the collarbone
• The lymph nodes of the neck are inflamed and the patient has great difficulty in swallowing.

According to the results of the initial examination, depending on the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe additional examinations:

• CT scan of the neck lymph nodes
• MRI of lymph nodes
• Laboratory tests
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

How a doctor treats swollen lymph nodes in the neck

If lymphadenopathy is found in one part of the body, the condition is called localized. In this case, the restoration of the lymph node will occur independently as the patient recovers. The most important thing is to strictly adhere to the treatment plan prescribed by the doctor. Drug therapy is almost always sufficient. Generalized lymphadenopathy is characterized by the formation of inflamed foci in 2 or more areas of the body. This symptom often indicates the presence of a systemic disease that has affected the entire body. These include:

• autoimmune diseases: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and others
• toxoplasmosis
• sexually transmitted infections: HIV, syphilis, etc.
• viral infections: measles, Epstein-Barr virus
• cancer: lymphoma or leukemia.

The above diseases require more aggressive treatment over a longer period of time. As a result, the normalization of the size of the lymph nodes will occur only by the end of therapy.

Home treatment

It is not possible to completely cure the disease at home, but you can help yourself if you feel pain in the area of ​​​​inflammation. To do this, use a warm compress by soaking a towel in warm water or using a heating pad. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen will also help. The lymph nodes will not shrink, but the discomfort will soon recede.

How to prevent the problem of swollen neck lymph nodes

Enlargement of lymph nodes is a sign of the body’s struggle with the disease, so it is not necessary to intentionally prevent it. It is much more important to remember the list of medical recommendations that will help you reduce the risk of contracting any diseases:

• wash your hands thoroughly several times a day
• do not touch your eyes and nose with dirty hands
• refrain from associating with sick people
• regularly clean your home and workplace
• get enough sleep, eat well and lead an active lifestyle.

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Scientific sources:

1. Malek P. Pathophysiology of the lymphatic system. Prague. 1962. 174 p.
2. Levin Yu.M. General clinical lymphology. Purulent-inflammatory diseases. Honey. newspaper. No. 61. 08/10/1994.
3. Winterhalter S.F. Features of x-ray examination of malignant tumors of soft tissues in an outpatient setting. Guidelines. – L. – 1975.
4. Amosov V.I., Dobromyslova H.A. Radiation diagnosis of extraorganic tumors of the neck. Issues of oncology. 2000. T. 46.- No. 5. – S. 615-618.
5. Karmazanovsky G.G. Computed tomography of the neck: differential diagnosis of non-organ formations / G.G. Karmazanovsky N.S. Nikitaev. -M. : Vidar, 2005. – 124 p.
6. Kotel’nikov VP. Lymfadenitis [Lymphadenitis]. Feldsher Akush. 1986 Jun;51(6):22-7. Russian. PMID: 3638230.
7. Pavlovskaia AI, Probatova NA. Immunoblastic lymphadenitis: pathohistologic picture and differential diagnosis from malignant lymphoma]. Arkh Patol. 1995 Sep-Oct;57(5):21-5. Russian. PMID: 8579489.
8. DAM’E NG. Nespetsificheskii mezenterial’nyi limfadenit u detei [Non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis in children]. Sov Med. 19May 55;5:46-50. Russian. PMID: 14396574.

Useful information

Lymphedema

What needs to be done to diagnose and treat lymphedema? To solve this problem, the first step for the patient is to make an appointment with a phlebologist. After the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe additional studies:

Ultrasound of the vessels of the lower extremities or ultrasound of the vessels of the upper extremities
lymphoscintigram
MRI of lymph nodes
Ultrasound of the lymph nodes
CT scan of the lymph nodes.

read more +

Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes

What should be done to diagnose and treat an enlarged submandibular lymph node? To solve this problem, the first step for the patient is to make an appointment with a hematologist. After the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe additional studies:

Ultrasound of the lymph nodes of the neck
CT scan of the lymph nodes of the neck
MRI of lymph nodes
Lab tests.

read more +

Spondylarthrosis of the cervical spine

What should be done to diagnose and treat spondylarthrosis of the cervical spine? To solve this problem, the first step for the patient is to make an appointment with a neurologist, vertebrologist. After the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe additional studies:

MRI of the cervical spine
CT scan of the cervical spine

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Laryngopharyngeal cancer – symptoms, signs

Surely you are wondering: what to do now?

Such a diagnosis always divides life into “before” and “after”. All the emotional resources of the patient and his family are thrown into experiences and fear. But it is at this moment that it is necessary to change the vector “for what” to the vector “what can be done”.

Very often, patients feel overwhelmingly alone at the beginning of the journey. But you must understand that you are not alone. We will help you cope with the disease and will go hand in hand with you through all stages of your treatment.

Here is a brief but very detailed overview of laryngopharyngeal cancer.

It was prepared by highly qualified specialists of the Department of Radiation and Surgical Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases of the A.F. Tsyba – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “NMITs Radiology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

This booklet provides information about the diagnosis and treatment of laryngopharyngeal cancer. Here are collected the main methods of treating this disease, including the latest developments of domestic and foreign oncologists.

We will help you beat cancer!

Introduction

Localization features. Anatomy of the hypopharynx

The hypopharynx (lower pharynx) is a complex anatomical region that plays an important role in the function of the digestive and respiratory systems. Therefore, cancer in the laryngopharynx causes severe difficulty in breathing and swallowing. The hypopharynx is the part of the pharynx from the level of the upper edge of the hyoid bone (or the bottom of the epiglottic fossa) to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage. It consists of pear-shaped pockets, side and back walls and a cricoid region.

Statistics. Among malignant tumors of the ENT organs, laryngopharyngeal cancer ranks second after laryngeal cancer, accounting for 40-60%. Among tumors of the upper respiratory and digestive tract, laryngopharyngeal cancer reaches 10-20%

Classification and stages of laryngopharyngeal cancer

According to the morphological structure, more than 90% of cases are diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of varying degrees of differentiation (keratinizing, non-keratinizing, etc. )

Coding according to ICD 10

C12 Malignant neoplasm of pyriform sinus

C13.0 Malignant neoplasm of caricoid region

C13.1 Aryepiglottic fold of lower pharynx

C13.2 Posterior wall of lower pharynx

C13.8 Infection of the lower part of the pharynx extending beyond one and more of the above sites

C13.9 Inferior pharynx, unspecified.

Classification

Clinical Classification

TX Insufficient data to assess the primary tumor

T0 Primary tumor is not detectable

Tis Preinvasive carcinoma (Carcinomainsitu)

T1 Tumor limited to one anatomical region of the laryngopharynx and no more than 2cm in greatest dimension 900 07

T2 Tumor involves multiple anatomical parts of the hypopharynx or adjacent structures less than 4 cm in greatest dimension without fixation of half of the larynx

T3 Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension or with fixation of half of the larynx

T4a Tumor invades any of the following: thyroid/cricoid cartilage hyoid bone, thyroid and/or esophagus, central soft tissue

T4b Tumor invades prevertebral fascia, carotid sheath, mediastinal structures lymph nodes

NX Insufficient data to evaluate regional lymph nodes

N0 No evidence of regional lymph node metastases

N1 Metastasis in one lymph node on the side of the lesion up to 3 cm in greatest dimension

N2 Metastasis in one lymph node on the side of the lesion up to 6 cm in greatest dimension, or metastases in several lymph nodes on the side of the lesion up to 6 cm in the greatest dimension, or metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck on both sides up to 6 cm in the greatest dimension

N2a Metastases in one lymph node on the side of the lesion up to 6 cm in the greatest dimension

N2b Metastases in several lymph nodes on the side of the lesion up to 6 cm in greatest dimension

N2c Metastases in lymph nodes on both sides or on the opposite side up to 6 cm in greatest dimension

N3 Metastases in lymph nodes more than 6 cm in greatest dimension measurement

Distant metastases

MX Insufficient data to determine distant metastases

M0 No evidence of distant metastases

M1 Distant metastases present

Stages of laryngopharyngeal cancer

9033 7

N0

Symptoms of laryngopharyngeal cancer

– sensation of a lump in the throat or a foreign body

– unpleasant sensations when swallowing

– hoarseness and pain in the throat difficulty breathing

– impaired swallowing

– decrease in body weight

– enlarged knots in the neck

Causes and risk factors for laryngopharyngeal cancer

— gender and age, predominantly occurs in men aged 40-60 years.

– chronic pharyngitis

– HPV infection 16

– long-term papilloma

– leukoplakia

– dyskeratoses

– heavy smokers

90 002 – gastroesophageal reflux

– a group of people working in conditions of dust, high temperature, benzene, petroleum products, soot, phenolic resins

– alcohol abuse

The vast majority of patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer are heavy smokers. The risk of laryngopharyngeal cancer increases due to the use of alcoholic beverages, work in dusty conditions, high temperatures, high levels of tobacco smoke, benzene, petroleum products, soot, phenolic resins in the atmosphere.

When to see a doctor

The above symptoms are not mandatory signs of laryngopharyngeal cancer, they also occur in inflammatory diseases, but if the treatment of inflammatory diseases does not produce a positive effect within 2-3 weeks, you should contact an ENT oncologist.

Preparing to see a doctor

– make a list of symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason you made the appointment.

– Write down key personal information.

– Make a list of all medications or supplements you take.

– Consider accompanying you to an appointment with a family member or close friend. Sometimes it is quite difficult to absorb all the information received during the visit.

– write down all the questions you want to ask the doctor.

— have all medical documentation about the disease with you, including glass preparations if a biopsy was performed at the place of residence.

Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal cancer

If a neoplasm of the laryngopharynx is suspected, the patient is referred to a head and neck tumor specialist. The laryngopharynx is located deep, so the diagnosis presents certain difficulties. With the help of a special instrument, which is a flexible thin tube with an illuminator and inserted through the nose or mouth, the nasal cavity, larynx and hypopharynx are carefully examined. If a suspicious focus or tumor is detected, a biopsy is performed (taking a piece of tissue for examination).

— objective examination, examination and palpation of the lymph nodes of the neck

— indirect laryngoscopy

— video laryngopharyngoscopy

— tumor biopsy, in the presence of enlarged nodes fine-needle biopsy under ultrasound control

— SCT of the neck, MRI of the neck, PET according to indications

Methods for the treatment of laryngopharyngeal cancer. Our clinic practices an integrated approach based on a combination of the most effective methods – radiation therapy, surgery, polychemotherapy

Surgical treatment

1. Endoscopic resection of the laryngopharynx – possible for cancer in the early stages of cancer, without incisions on the skin of the neck.

2. Open resection of a part of the laryngopharynx — in stage II-III laryngopharyngeal cancer.

3. Open resection of the larynx and laryngopharynx with one-stage plastic surgery of the organ, in which it is possible to preserve the separation function of the larynx.

4. Laryngopharyngectomy – complete removal of the larynx. Supplemented by tracheotomy (insertion of a tube through the opening of the trachea) for breathing; speech in the future can be partially restored with the help of a special apparatus, or after classes with a speech therapist, as well as tracheoesophageal shunting. The cervical lymph nodes are also removed, and in some cases the thyroid gland. In the extended version, the pharynx and cervical esophagus are resected. After resections of the pharynx and cervical esophagus, nutrition is restored using skin flaps or a section of the intestine.

5. Reconstructive operations – simultaneous or delayed restoration of all or part of the lost functions, in the presence of deformities after previous operations. After resections of the pharynx and cervical esophagus, nutrition is restored using skin flaps or a section of the intestine.

Chemotherapy for laryngopharyngeal cancer

It is used both as a stand-alone option in stage ΙV tumors as a palliative method of treatment, and in combination with postoperative radiation therapy, with unfavorable prognostic factors.