What are the common side effects of Maxzide. How can Maxzide affect potassium levels. What precautions should be taken when using Maxzide. How does Maxzide interact with other medications. What are the long-term effects of using Maxzide. When should you seek medical attention while taking Maxzide. How can Maxzide impact your daily life.

Understanding Maxzide: Uses and Composition

Maxzide is a combination medication used primarily to treat high blood pressure. It consists of two diuretics: triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide. This powerful combination helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems by lowering blood pressure effectively.

The unique composition of Maxzide makes it particularly useful for individuals who have developed or are at risk of low potassium levels when taking hydrochlorothiazide alone. By including triamterene, the medication helps maintain a balance of electrolytes in the body.

How Does Maxzide Work?

Maxzide functions by increasing urine production, which helps the body eliminate excess salt and water. This process not only reduces blood pressure but also addresses edema (fluid retention) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. As a result, patients often experience relief from symptoms like shortness of breath and swelling in the ankles or feet.

Common Side Effects of Maxzide

While Maxzide is an effective medication for managing high blood pressure, it’s essential to be aware of its potential side effects. Some common side effects that patients may experience include:

• Dizziness
• Lightheadedness
• Headache
• Upset stomach

These side effects often occur as the body adjusts to the medication. In most cases, they are mild and temporary. However, if these symptoms persist or worsen, it’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider promptly.

Managing Common Side Effects

To minimize the risk of dizziness and lightheadedness, it’s recommended to rise slowly from a sitting or lying position. This simple precaution can help prevent sudden drops in blood pressure that may lead to these symptoms.

Severe Side Effects and When to Seek Medical Attention

While less common, Maxzide can potentially cause more severe side effects that require immediate medical attention. These include:

• Fainting
• Severe muscle cramps or weakness
• Irregular heartbeat
• Changes in vision or eye pain
• Signs of kidney problems (e.g., changes in urine output)

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to contact your healthcare provider immediately. These could be signs of more serious underlying issues that need prompt medical intervention.

Allergic Reactions to Maxzide

Although rare, severe allergic reactions to Maxzide can occur. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include:

• Rash
• Itching or swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat)
• Severe dizziness
• Difficulty breathing

If you notice any of these symptoms, seek emergency medical help immediately. Allergic reactions can be life-threatening and require immediate treatment.

Maxzide and Potassium Levels: A Crucial Consideration

One of the most significant concerns with Maxzide is its potential impact on the body’s potassium levels. This medication can raise potassium levels in the body, which can lead to serious complications if not monitored carefully.

Who is at Higher Risk?

Certain groups of people are at a higher risk of experiencing potassium-related side effects when taking Maxzide:

• People with diabetes
• Individuals with kidney disease
• Older adults
• Those experiencing severe illness

For these high-risk groups, regular monitoring of potassium levels is essential to prevent potential complications.

Symptoms of High Potassium Levels

High potassium levels can cause serious, and in rare cases, fatal side effects. It’s crucial to be aware of the symptoms, which may include:

• Muscle weakness
• Slow or irregular heartbeat

If you experience these symptoms while taking Maxzide, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Prompt medical attention can help prevent more severe complications associated with high potassium levels.

Long-Term Effects of Maxzide Use

While Maxzide is generally safe for long-term use when properly monitored, it’s important to be aware of potential long-term effects. Regular check-ups and blood tests are crucial for individuals on long-term Maxzide therapy to ensure the medication remains safe and effective.

Electrolyte Imbalances

Long-term use of Maxzide can potentially lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly affecting potassium, sodium, and magnesium levels. Regular blood tests can help detect and address these imbalances before they become problematic.

Kidney Function

As Maxzide affects kidney function by increasing urine output, long-term use may impact overall kidney health. Your healthcare provider will likely monitor your kidney function regularly to ensure the medication isn’t causing any adverse effects.

Metabolic Effects

Some studies suggest that long-term use of thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide (one of the components of Maxzide) may slightly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, the benefits of blood pressure control often outweigh this small risk for most patients.

Precautions and Drug Interactions with Maxzide

Before starting Maxzide, it’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Certain medications can interact with Maxzide, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.

Medications That May Interact with Maxzide

Some medications that may interact with Maxzide include:

• Other diuretics
• ACE inhibitors
• Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
• Lithium
• NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or naproxen)
• Certain diabetes medications

It’s important to discuss all your medications with your healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions.

Medical Conditions to Consider

Certain medical conditions may increase the risk of side effects or complications when taking Maxzide. Be sure to inform your doctor if you have a history of:

• Diabetes
• Gout
• High potassium levels
• Kidney disease (including kidney stones)
• Liver disease
• Lupus
• Skin cancer

These conditions may require additional monitoring or adjustments to your treatment plan to ensure safe use of Maxzide.

Lifestyle Considerations While Taking Maxzide

Taking Maxzide may require some lifestyle adjustments to ensure the medication’s effectiveness and minimize side effects. Here are some important considerations:

Alcohol Consumption

Maxzide can cause dizziness, and alcohol may intensify this effect. It’s advisable to limit alcohol consumption while taking this medication. If you do drink, do so in moderation and be aware of how it affects you in combination with Maxzide.

Driving and Operating Machinery

Due to the potential for dizziness, it’s important to assess how Maxzide affects you before engaging in activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery. If you experience significant dizziness, avoid these activities until you can perform them safely.

Sun Exposure

Maxzide may increase your skin’s sensitivity to sunlight. To protect yourself:

• Wear protective clothing when outdoors
• Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF
• Avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours

Hydration

As a diuretic, Maxzide increases urine production, which can lead to dehydration if not managed properly. Ensure you’re drinking adequate fluids throughout the day, unless otherwise instructed by your healthcare provider.

Proper Usage and Dosage of Maxzide

To maximize the benefits of Maxzide while minimizing potential side effects, it’s crucial to take the medication exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Here are some general guidelines for proper usage:

Timing of Doses

Maxzide is typically taken once daily in the morning, with or without food. To prevent nighttime urination, it’s best to avoid taking the medication within 4 hours of bedtime.

Consistency is Key

For optimal effectiveness, take Maxzide at the same time each day. This helps maintain a consistent level of the medication in your system, promoting better blood pressure control.

Interactions with Other Medications

If you’re also taking cholesterol-lowering medications known as bile acid-binding resins (such as cholestyramine or colestipol), it’s important to space out your doses. Take Maxzide at least 4 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after these medications to prevent interference with absorption.

Missed Doses

If you miss a dose of Maxzide, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.

Monitoring and Follow-up While on Maxzide

Regular monitoring is essential when taking Maxzide to ensure the medication is working effectively and to catch any potential side effects early. Your healthcare provider will likely recommend the following:

Blood Pressure Checks

Regular blood pressure monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of Maxzide in controlling your hypertension. Your doctor may recommend home blood pressure monitoring in addition to regular office visits.

Blood Tests

Periodic blood tests are crucial to monitor:

• Electrolyte levels (especially potassium)
• Kidney function
• Blood sugar levels

These tests help ensure that Maxzide isn’t causing any adverse effects on your body’s electrolyte balance or organ function.

Symptom Assessment

During follow-up appointments, your healthcare provider will likely ask about any side effects or new symptoms you’ve experienced. Be prepared to discuss any changes you’ve noticed since starting Maxzide, even if they seem minor.

Medication Review

Regular medication reviews allow your healthcare provider to assess whether Maxzide remains the best treatment option for you. They may adjust your dosage or consider alternative medications based on your response and any side effects you’ve experienced.

Special Considerations for Specific Populations

Certain groups may require special consideration when taking Maxzide. Here’s what you need to know if you fall into one of these categories:

Older Adults

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of Maxzide, particularly its impact on electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Dosage adjustments and more frequent monitoring may be necessary for this population.

Pregnant Women

Maxzide is generally not recommended during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters. It may harm the developing fetus. If you become pregnant while taking Maxzide, contact your healthcare provider immediately to discuss alternative treatment options.

Breastfeeding Mothers

Maxzide can pass into breast milk and may affect a nursing infant. Discuss the risks and benefits of breastfeeding while on this medication with your healthcare provider.

People with Diabetes

Maxzide can affect blood sugar levels and may require adjustments to diabetes medications. Close monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential for diabetic patients taking Maxzide.

Individuals with Kidney or Liver Disease

People with kidney or liver disease may need dosage adjustments or more frequent monitoring while taking Maxzide. These conditions can affect how the body processes and eliminates the medication.

Alternatives to Maxzide

While Maxzide is an effective medication for many people with high blood pressure, it may not be suitable for everyone. If you experience significant side effects or if Maxzide isn’t effectively controlling your blood pressure, your healthcare provider may consider alternative treatments.

Other Diuretics

There are several other types of diuretics that may be considered as alternatives to Maxzide, including:

• Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
• Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone)
• Thiazide-like diuretics (e.g., chlorthalidone)

Other Antihypertensive Medications

Depending on your specific situation, your healthcare provider may consider other classes of blood pressure medications, such as:

• ACE inhibitors
• Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
• Calcium channel blockers
• Beta-blockers

Lifestyle Modifications

In some cases, lifestyle changes may be sufficient to control blood pressure without medication or may allow for a reduction in medication dosage. These modifications may include:

• Adopting a heart-healthy diet (e.g., DASH diet)
• Reducing sodium intake
• Increasing physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Quitting smoking

It’s important to discuss any concerns or desire to explore alternative treatments with your healthcare provider. Never stop taking Maxzide or change your dosage without first consulting your doctor.

Maxzide Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Warnings:

This medication can raise your body’s potassium levels. The risk for this is higher for people with diabetes or kidney disease, older adults, or during severe illness. High potassium levels can cause serious (rarely fatal) side effects. Tell your doctor right away if you have any of these serious side effects: muscle weakness, slow/irregular heartbeat.

Warnings:

This medication can raise your body’s potassium levels. The risk for this is higher for people with diabetes or kidney disease, older adults, or during severe illness. High potassium levels can cause serious (rarely fatal) side effects. Tell your doctor right away if you have any of these serious side effects: muscle weakness, slow/irregular heartbeat.

… Show More

Uses

This drug is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is a combination of two “water pills” (diuretics): triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide. This combination is used by people who have developed or are at risk for having low potassium levels on hydrochlorothiazide. It causes you to make more urine, which helps your body get rid of extra salt and water.This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.

How to use Maxzide

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once daily in the morning with or without food. It is best to avoid taking this medication within 4 hours of your bedtime to prevent having to get up to urinate.

If you also take certain drugs to lower your cholesterol (bile acid-binding resins such as cholestyramine or colestipol), take this product at least 4 hours before or at least 4 to 6 hours after these medications.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. Keep taking this medication even if you feel well. Most people with high blood pressure do not feel sick.

Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens (for example, your blood pressure readings increase).

Side Effects

See also Warning section.

Dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, or upset stomach may occur as your body adjusts to the medication. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

To lower your risk of dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

This product may cause your body to lose too much water and salt (dehydration). Tell your doctor right away if you notice any symptoms of dehydration, such as unusual dry mouth/thirst, fast heartbeat, or dizziness/lightheadedness.

Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: fainting, muscle cramps/weakness, slow/fast/irregular heartbeat, decrease in vision, eye pain, signs of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine).

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www. fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to triamterene or hydrochlorothiazide; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: diabetes, gout, high level of potassium in the blood, kidney disease (including kidney stones), liver disease, lupus, skin cancer.

This drug may make you dizzy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Limit alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).

Severe sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting can increase the risk for lightheadedness or dehydration. Report prolonged diarrhea or vomiting to your doctor. To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids unless your doctor directs you otherwise.

If you have diabetes, this product may affect your blood sugar. Check your blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with your doctor. Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.

This medication may affect your potassium levels. Before using potassium supplements or salt substitutes that contain potassium, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

This medication may make you more sensitive to the sun. It may also increase your risk for skin cancer, especially if you take it for a long time. Limit your time in the sun. Avoid tanning booths and sunlamps. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors. Tell your doctor right away if you get sunburned, have skin blisters/redness, or notice new or changed moles/skin lesions.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug, especially dizziness, or high blood potassium levels.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. It may harm an unborn baby. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if triamterene passes into breast milk. Hydrochlorothiazide passes into breast milk, but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

See also How to Use and Precautions sections.

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: dofetilide, lithium, other drugs that may increase potassium levels (such as spironolactone, amiloride, cyclosporine).

Some products have ingredients that could raise your blood pressure or worsen your swelling. Tell your pharmacist what products you are using, and ask how to use them safely (especially cough-and-cold products, diet aids, or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen/naproxen).

This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including parathyroid function), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Does Maxzide interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe dizziness, fainting.

Do not share this medication with others.

Lifestyle changes such as stress reduction programs, exercise, and dietary changes may increase the effectiveness of this medicine. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about lifestyle changes that might benefit you.

Lab and/or medical tests (such as kidney function, potassium levels, skin exams) should be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

Check your blood pressure regularly while taking this medication. Learn how to monitor your own blood pressure, and share the results with your doctor.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images

Maxzide 75 mg-50 mg tablet

Color: light yellowShape: bow-tieImprint: MAXZIDE B M8

This medicine is a light yellow, bow-tie, scored, tablet imprinted with “MAXZIDE” and “B M8”.

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Drug Survey

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Hydrochlorothiazide and Triamterene | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Adult Medication

This information from Lexicomp^® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider.

Brand Names: US

Dyazide [DSC]; Maxzide; Maxzide-25

Brand Names: Canada

APO-Triazide; TEVA-Triamterene/HCTZ

Warning

• Sometimes, this drug may raise potassium levels in the blood. This can be deadly if it is not treated. The risk is highest in people with diabetes, kidney disease, severe illness, and in older adults. Your doctor will follow you closely to change the dose if needed.

What is this drug used for?

• It is used to treat high blood pressure.
• It is used to get rid of extra fluid.

What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take this drug?

• If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.
• If you have a sulfa allergy.
• If you have any of these health problems: Diabetes, high potassium levels, kidney disease, or trouble passing urine.
• If you are not able to pass urine.
• If you are taking dofetilide.
• If you are taking lithium.
• If you are taking any of these drugs: Amiloride, spironolactone, or another drug that has triamterene in it.
• If you are taking a salt substitute that has potassium in it, a potassium-sparing diuretic, or a potassium product, talk with your doctor.
• If you are breast-feeding. Do not breast-feed while you take this drug.

This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.

Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

What are some things I need to know or do while I take this drug?

• Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists.
• Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert until you see how this drug affects you.
• To lower the chance of feeling dizzy or passing out, rise slowly if you have been sitting or lying down. Be careful going up and down stairs.
• If you have high blood sugar (diabetes), talk with your doctor. This drug may raise blood sugar.
• Check your blood sugar as you have been told by your doctor.
• Tell your doctor if you have signs of high blood sugar like confusion, feeling sleepy, unusual thirst or hunger, passing urine more often, flushing, fast breathing, or breath that smells like fruit.
• Check your blood pressure as you have been told.
• Have blood work checked as you have been told by the doctor. Talk with the doctor.
• This drug may affect certain lab tests. Tell all of your health care providers and lab workers that you take this drug.
• If you are on a low-salt or salt-free diet, talk with your doctor.
• Talk with your doctor before you use alcohol, marijuana or other forms of cannabis, or prescription or OTC drugs that may slow your actions.
• Watch for gout attacks.
• If you have lupus, this drug can make your lupus active or get worse. Tell your doctor right away if you get any new or worse signs.
• This drug may make you sunburn more easily. Use care if you will be in the sun. Tell your doctor if you sunburn easily while taking this drug.
• Tell your doctor if you have too much sweat, fluid loss, throwing up, or loose stools. This may lead to low blood pressure.
• Rarely, low blood cell counts have happened with this drug. Call your doctor right away if you have any unexplained bruising or bleeding; signs of infection like fever, chills, or sore throat; or feel very tired or weak.
• This drug can cause certain eye problems. If left untreated, this can lead to lasting eyesight loss. If eye problems happen, signs like change in eyesight or eye pain most often happen within hours to weeks of starting this drug. Call your doctor right away if you have these signs.
• If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.
• Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks of using this drug while you are pregnant.

What are some side effects that I need to call my doctor about right away?

WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect:

• Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems like mood changes, confusion, muscle pain or weakness, fast or abnormal heartbeat, severe dizziness or passing out, increased thirst, seizures, feeling very tired or weak, decreased appetite, unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced, dry mouth, dry eyes, or severe upset stomach or throwing up.
• Signs of too much acid in the blood (acidosis) like confusion; fast breathing; fast heartbeat; a heartbeat that does not feel normal; very bad stomach pain, upset stomach, or throwing up; feeling very sleepy; shortness of breath; or feeling very tired or weak.
• Signs of kidney problems like unable to pass urine, change in how much urine is passed, blood in the urine, or a big weight gain.
• Signs of a pancreas problem (pancreatitis) like very bad stomach pain, very bad back pain, or very bad upset stomach or throwing up.
• Back pain, belly pain, or blood in the urine. May be signs of a kidney stone.
• Dark urine or yellow skin or eyes.
• A burning, numbness, or tingling feeling that is not normal.
• Restlessness.
• Shortness of breath.
• Chest pain or pressure.
• Fast or slow heartbeat.
• Not able to get or keep an erection.
• Mood changes.
• Rarely, certain types of skin cancer have happened in people taking hydrochlorothiazide. Protect your skin from the sun, and have your skin checked as you have been told by your doctor. Call your doctor right away if you have a change in color or size of a mole, or any new or changing skin lump or growth.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away:

• Constipation, diarrhea, upset stomach, throwing up, or decreased appetite.
• Headache.
• Feeling dizzy, sleepy, tired, or weak.
• Increased appetite.
• Change in taste.
• Stomach cramps.

These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to your national health agency.

You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

How is this drug best taken?

Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.

• This drug may cause you to pass urine more often. To keep from having sleep problems, try not to take too close to bedtime.
• Keep taking this drug as you have been told by your doctor or other health care provider, even if you feel well.

What do I do if I miss a dose?

• Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.
• If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.
• Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

How do I store and/or throw out this drug?

• Store at room temperature protected from light. Store in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.
• Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.
• Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

General drug facts

• If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor.
• Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else’s drugs.
• Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
• Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
• If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer

This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider’s examination and assessment of a patient’s specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Last Reviewed Date

2020-09-21

Copyright

© 2023 UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors. All rights reserved.

Last Updated

Monday, December 12, 2022

Obesity dramatically increases the risk of stroke and cancer in people aged 40 to 59 years

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Maxim Makarychev

Named the main factor in the occurrence of stroke and cancer in people aged 40 to 59 years. According to the findings of Chinese scientists, an average weight gain of even five kilograms increases the risk of a fatal heart attack or stroke by 26 percent.

The study was conducted over two decades among nearly 84,000 patients – 35,989 men and 48,377 women in China, aged 40 to 59, who were thin before reaching middle age. To the category of persons at risk, scientists attributed those patients whose “Body Mass Index” (BMI) was at least 23 points, which is considered a normal indicator, according to JAMA Network Open. A BMI of 25 or higher is considered overweight. This is the largest study, experts say, that has systematically examined the association of weight gain in early to middle adulthood with multiple negative health factors.

The study participants, some of whom had been followed since 1996, were asked to recall their weight in kilograms at age 20. Their current weight and height were regularly measured every two to four years.

According to study curator Dr. Wei Zheng, weight gain from early to middle adulthood is directly related to morbidity and mortality later in life. “Our study highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy weight throughout life,” said the epidemiologist at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, USA.

A significant expansion of the waist due to malnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle, scientists note, is most common in middle age. In the body of a middle-aged person, metabolism slows down, which leads to a natural increase in body weight.

An increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ischemic stroke, fatty liver disease, and gallstones was found to be associated with weight gain in both men and women, even among those with an average BMI of 18, 5 to 22.9points in middle age after weight gain.

Obesity, a condition associated with being overweight, is associated with an increased risk of a variety of chronic diseases. Side effects of excess obesity include overproduction of hormones, chronic inflammation of the digestive tract and insulin resistance. Over the past two decades, the obesity epidemic has become a major health problem in high-income countries, the report notes. Moreover, even in China, there has been a sharp increase in people suffering from obesity. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, in 2017, one in two adults and one in two children worldwide suffered from overweight or obesity. The highest rates of adult obesity have been recorded in the United States, Mexico, New Zealand and Hungary. In the US, overweight affects about 40 percent of the population.

The study also found that in postmenopausal women, weight gain more than doubled the risk of breast and uterine cancer.

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Hormonal treatment of endometriosis – indications and contraindications, types of drugs

Endometriosis is a disease that is associated with the growth of tissue similar to the endometrium. It lines the uterine cavity inside, and during the disease it grows outside its mucous membrane.

The mechanism of the disease is not fully understood. After inflammatory processes and uterine fibroids, it is the third in the list of lesions of the female genital area and can cause infertility. It affects up to 15% of women of childbearing age.

Endometriosis has long been known as a disease that affects the female body, but its study began only in the 20th century. It is most commonly diagnosed in women of childbearing age between the ages of 30 and 40. What medicines treat endometriosis? In the course of research, it was found that the development of this pathology and the spread of endometrial cells is associated with the work of the ovaries. The pathological process stops after the ovaries go to rest. With the onset of menopause, the symptoms of the disease gradually disappear. If you create conditions for artificial menopause, then recovery occurs. Gynecologists for these purposes use hormonal drugs to treat endometriosis.

Hormones in the treatment of endometriosis

Conservative treatment of endometriosis with hormones is used in the initial stages.

Use drugs for endometriosis that cause ovarian suppression. If within six months there is no improvement in the condition, then a surgical method is used.

Hormonal treatment of endometriosis is based on the use of drugs that can normalize the functioning of the ovaries and block the mechanism of formation of endometriosis foci. For the treatment of endometriosis with hormones, tablets are used that are similar in composition to contraceptives. These are drugs of the danazol, gestrinone and decapeptyl group. Hormonal treatment of endometriosis takes a long period of up to six months or more. In the treatment, pills are used that relieve pain in endometriosis.

How hormone treatment affects the body

Endometrium, which is implanted in various organs, actively responds to steroid hormones. With the oppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary function, amenorrhea begins to develop, and as a result of this, weight gain and a disorder of the nervous system occur. Women suffer from depression. Often with hormonal treatment of endometriosis occurs:

• fluid retention,
• development of general weakness,
• breast reduction,
• appearance of acne,
• voice reduction,
• facial hair growth,
• atrophic vaginitis,
• hot flashes,
• muscle spasms,
• emotional instability.

Contraindications for hormonal treatment of endometriosis

Conservative treatment of endometriosis with hormonal drugs is contraindicated for many women suffering from allergic reactions. Women with diseases of the endocrine system have a complete ban on treatment with hormonal pills. Diseases such as:

• ulcerative gastritis,
• liver diseases
• disorders of the cardiovascular system
• increased thrombus formation
• blood diseases are contraindications for conservative treatment.

Hormonal treatment of endometriosis

Treatment of endometriosis with the active ingredient danazol reduces pain. It is prescribed to relieve pain, treat infertility in endometriosis, and prevent the progression of the disease.

Hormonal treatment of endometriosis can be carried out using preparations with gestrinone. It has an antigonadotropic effect.

Side effects of danazol and gestrinone are associated with both the creation of a hypoestrogenic environment and androgenic properties.

Yarina treats endometriosis

Yarina is a new generation hormonal drug. It is classified as a low-dose combined monophasic contraceptive that can be used for hormonal treatment of endometriosis.

Yarina treats endometriosis because it inhibits ovulation and thickens cervical mucus. The drug completely inhibits the growth of the endometrium. Drospirenone contained in Yarin has the ability to prevent weight gain and fluid retention in the body. When it is taken, edema is not formed. “Yarina” removes the phenomenon of premenstrual syndrome or softens its manifestations. If you use “Yarina” for the hormonal treatment of endometriosis, then the woman will not suffer from acne, because the drug reduces the production of secretion by the sebaceous glands.

If a doctor prescribed Yarina for the treatment of endometriosis, then he chose one of the best remedies from all modern drugs for the conservative treatment of this disease.

Trust your doctor and look forward to long-term cooperation.