How does ADHD affect memory. What are the different types of memory impacted by ADHD. Can ADHD symptoms be mistaken for other conditions causing memory loss. When should you seek medical advice for memory issues.

The Relationship Between ADHD and Memory Function

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that can significantly impact memory function. Individuals with ADHD often struggle with forgetfulness throughout their lives, but it’s crucial to understand how ADHD-related memory issues differ from other forms of memory loss.

Types of Memory Affected by ADHD

ADHD primarily affects two types of memory:

• Working memory: This allows you to retain information long enough to use it, such as following instructions to complete a task.
• Long-term memory: While not directly impaired, the ability to store information in long-term memory can be affected due to difficulties in processing and organizing information.

How does ADHD impact working memory? Studies have shown that both children and adults with ADHD tend to have less effective working memory compared to those without the condition. This can manifest as difficulty remembering appointments, misplacing items, or struggling to follow multi-step instructions.

Why do people with ADHD often perform poorly on long-term memory tests? It’s believed that this is not due to an inability to retain memories, but rather issues with how information is initially processed and stored. Distractions can prevent proper encoding of information, or the brain may store it in a disorganized manner, making retrieval more challenging.

Distinguishing ADHD Memory Issues from Other Causes

While memory problems are common in ADHD, it’s essential to recognize that various other factors can contribute to memory loss. Understanding these differences can help in determining the root cause of memory issues.

Common Causes of Memory Loss

Memory loss can be attributed to numerous factors, including:

• Normal aging
• Mental health issues (stress, trauma, depression)
• Sleep disorders
• Vitamin deficiencies (particularly B1 and B12)
• Substance use (alcohol and drugs)
• Medications (antidepressants, antihistamines, pain killers, etc.)
• Hormonal changes (menopause)
• Thyroid dysfunction

Are these causes of memory loss permanent? In many cases, addressing the underlying issue can lead to improvements in memory function. For instance, treating a vitamin deficiency or adjusting medications may resolve memory problems.

More Serious Conditions Associated with Memory Loss

In some instances, memory loss can be a sign of more severe conditions, such as:

• Brain injuries (from accidents, infections, strokes, or tumors)
• Neurological disorders (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lyme disease, HIV)
• Dementia

If you suspect your memory issues might be related to these conditions, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

Identifying the Source of Memory Problems

Determining whether memory loss is a symptom of ADHD or another condition can be challenging, as the manifestations may appear similar. However, there are several key factors to consider when trying to identify the root cause of memory issues.

Onset and Progression of Symptoms

When did the memory problems begin? ADHD symptoms typically start in childhood and persist throughout life. If memory loss is a new development, it may indicate a different underlying cause. Natural aging can lead to some cognitive decline starting in your 30s and 40s, with more noticeable changes often occurring after 60.

How rapidly are the symptoms progressing? ADHD symptoms generally don’t worsen over time, although they may become more apparent under certain circumstances. In contrast, conditions like dementia usually involve a gradual decline in cognitive function, becoming more severe over time.

Life Changes and External Factors

Have there been any significant changes in your life recently? Major life transitions, such as retirement, can exacerbate existing ADHD symptoms by disrupting established routines and structures. Hormonal changes, like those experienced during menopause, can also impact ADHD symptoms and memory function.

Have you experienced any recent traumas or started new medications? Identifying recent life events or changes in medication regimens can help pinpoint potential causes of memory loss.

Associated Symptoms

Are you experiencing any other symptoms alongside memory loss? Memory problems caused by physical conditions often come with additional symptoms. For instance, headaches, blurred vision, or muscle weakness could indicate a neurological issue. Thyroid problems may present with fatigue and weight changes, while vitamin B12 deficiency can cause balance issues.

Nature of Memory Loss

What types of information or tasks do you struggle to remember? The nature of memory loss can provide clues about its cause. With ADHD, you might forget where you placed an item due to distraction. In contrast, early-stage dementia might cause you to get lost in familiar places or forget recent conversations while retaining older memories.

ADHD and the Risk of Dementia

A common concern among individuals with ADHD is whether their condition increases the risk of developing dementia later in life. This question has been the subject of several research studies in recent years.

Current Research Findings

What does recent research say about the link between ADHD and dementia? Some studies have suggested a potential association between ADHD and an increased risk of dementia. A large-scale study published in the European Journal of Neurology in 2021 found that adults with ADHD had a higher risk of developing dementia compared to those without ADHD.

However, it’s important to note that this research is still in its early stages, and more studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between ADHD and dementia risk. The observed association doesn’t necessarily imply causation, and other factors may contribute to this correlation.

Potential Mechanisms

How might ADHD potentially increase dementia risk? Several theories have been proposed:

• Shared neurobiological pathways: ADHD and some forms of dementia may involve similar brain regions and neurotransmitter systems.
• Chronic stress: The challenges associated with managing ADHD throughout life may lead to increased stress, which is a known risk factor for cognitive decline.
• Lifestyle factors: ADHD may increase the likelihood of engaging in behaviors that are risk factors for dementia, such as substance use or poor sleep habits.

It’s crucial to emphasize that having ADHD does not mean you will definitely develop dementia. Many individuals with ADHD lead long, healthy lives without experiencing significant cognitive decline beyond normal aging.

Strategies for Managing Memory Issues in ADHD

While memory challenges are common in ADHD, there are numerous strategies and tools that can help mitigate these difficulties and improve overall cognitive function.

Organizational Techniques

How can organizational strategies help with ADHD-related memory issues? Implementing structured organizational systems can significantly reduce the cognitive load associated with remembering tasks and information. Consider the following approaches:

• Use digital or physical planners to track appointments and deadlines
• Designate specific places for commonly misplaced items
• Break down complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps
• Utilize reminder apps or alarms for important tasks

Lifestyle Modifications

What lifestyle changes can support better memory function in individuals with ADHD? Adopting healthy habits can have a positive impact on cognitive performance:

• Regular exercise: Physical activity has been shown to improve focus and memory
• Adequate sleep: Establish consistent sleep patterns to support cognitive function
• Balanced diet: Ensure proper nutrition, including foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants
• Stress management: Practice relaxation techniques like meditation or deep breathing exercises

Cognitive Training

Can specific exercises improve memory in people with ADHD? While research is ongoing, some studies suggest that certain cognitive training exercises may help enhance working memory and other executive functions affected by ADHD:

• Memory games and puzzles
• Dual n-back tasks
• Mindfulness meditation

It’s important to note that while these exercises may be beneficial, they should be used in conjunction with other treatment approaches recommended by healthcare professionals.

Medical Interventions for ADHD-Related Memory Issues

In addition to lifestyle strategies, medical interventions can play a crucial role in managing ADHD symptoms, including memory difficulties.

Medication Options

How can medications help with ADHD-related memory problems? Several types of medications are commonly used to treat ADHD and may improve memory function:

• Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines): These medications can enhance focus and working memory
• Non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine, guanfacine): While primarily used for other ADHD symptoms, these drugs may indirectly support memory function by improving overall attention and impulse control

The effectiveness of medications can vary among individuals, and it’s essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to find the most suitable treatment approach.

Therapy and Counseling

What types of therapy can help address memory issues in ADHD? Several therapeutic approaches have shown promise in managing ADHD symptoms, including memory difficulties:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps develop coping strategies and modify negative thought patterns
• Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Combines CBT techniques with mindfulness practices to improve attention and emotional regulation
• Occupational Therapy: Focuses on developing practical skills to manage daily tasks and improve organization

These therapeutic interventions can be particularly beneficial when combined with medication and lifestyle modifications.

When to Seek Professional Help for Memory Issues

While some degree of forgetfulness is normal, particularly as we age, certain signs may indicate a need for professional evaluation. It’s crucial to recognize when memory problems might be a cause for concern.

Warning Signs

What symptoms should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider? Consider seeking medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden or rapid decline in memory function
• Difficulty performing familiar tasks or following familiar routes
• Struggling to find the right words or communicate effectively
• Frequently misplacing items and being unable to retrace steps
• Noticeable changes in mood or behavior accompanying memory issues

Diagnostic Process

What can you expect during a medical evaluation for memory issues? The diagnostic process may involve:

• Detailed medical history and symptom review
• Physical examination
• Cognitive assessments and memory tests
• Blood tests to check for vitamin deficiencies or thyroid problems
• Brain imaging studies (e.g., MRI or CT scan) if a neurological issue is suspected

A comprehensive evaluation can help determine whether memory problems are related to ADHD, another medical condition, or a combination of factors.

Importance of Early Intervention

Why is it crucial to address memory issues promptly? Early intervention can:

• Prevent further cognitive decline in cases of treatable conditions
• Improve quality of life by addressing underlying causes
• Allow for timely implementation of coping strategies and support systems
• Provide peace of mind by ruling out serious conditions

Remember, many causes of memory loss are treatable, and even in cases of progressive conditions, early diagnosis can lead to better management and outcomes.

Understanding the complex relationship between ADHD and memory function is crucial for individuals living with the condition. While memory challenges are a common aspect of ADHD, it’s important to be aware of other potential causes of memory loss and to seek professional help when needed. By implementing effective strategies and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals with ADHD can better manage memory issues and improve their overall cognitive function and quality of life.

ADHD and Memory Loss: What to Know

Written by Stephanie Langmaid

• ADHD and Memory
• What Causes Memory Loss?
• How Can You Tell if It’s ADHD or Something Else?
• ADHD and Dementia
• When to See Your Doctor

If you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), forgetfulness is probably something you’ve dealt with your whole life. But maybe your memory problems are starting to feel different. You’re forgetting things more often. You’re losing the thread of conversations or grasping for the right word.

There are a lot of reasons for memory loss. Some of them are serious, some are easy to treat. Here are some ways to tell whether what you’re experiencing is ADHD, or something else.

When you have ADHD, memory problems tend to show up in ways like missing appointments, or forgetting where you put your phone or keys. ADHD affects two different kinds of memory:

Working memory. This is the part of your memory that allows you to turn information you learn into action, for example: remembering instructions long enough to finish a task. Studies show working memory is less effective in children and adults who have ADHD than in those who don’t.

Long-term memory. People with ADHD often don’t do well on tests of long-term memory. But scientists believe that has to do with how they process information. When you have ADHD, distractions may prevent you from taking in information, or your brain may store it in a disorganized way. Memories aren’t lost, they aren’t made in the first place.

If you’re noticing memory problems, your fears may go straight to dementia. But many other things – including normal aging – can cause memory loss. Other causes can include:

• Mental health issues, including stress, trauma, and depression
• Lack of sleep or sleep apnea
• Not enough of certain vitamins, particularly B1 and B12
• Alcohol and drug use
• Prescription and over-the-counter medications, including:
  • Antidepressants
  • Antihistamines
  • Narcotic pain killers
  • Drugs for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, incontinence, and seizures
• Menopause
• Underactive or overactive thyroid

If you can find out and treat the underlying cause, your memory may go back to normal.

More serious conditions can cause memory loss, too, including:

• Brain injury from an accident, infection, stroke, or tumor
• Illnesses that involve the brain, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lyme disease, and HIV

If you have any of these conditions, talk to your doctor about your memory problems.

Memory loss can look and feel the same whether it’s a symptom of ADHD or something else. But there are some clues that can help you and your doctor figure out what’s causing it.

When did the problem start?ADHD symptoms start in childhood. If your memory loss is a new problem, it could have a different cause. Most people lose some amount of brain function as a natural part of aging, starting in your 30s and 40s. Your brain’s function shrinks even more by age 60. Your brain goes through physical changes, and brain cells have a harder time communicating. You may learn new information more slowly and have trouble with multitasking.

Dementia usually starts to appear after age 65. Symptoms tend to start slowly and gradually get worse until you’re no longer able to manage your daily life.

Has something changed? ADHD symptoms don’t get worse over time, but they can become more noticeable under certain circumstances. If you’ve just retired, losing the structure of the workday can cause old problems to crop up again, like managing your time and focusing on a task long enough to finish it. The hormone changes of menopause can highlight ADHD symptoms.

Have you recently been through a stressful situation or traumatic event? Did you hit your head in a fall? Did you start a new medication? Identifying changes in your life may point you to the reason for your memory loss.

Do you have other symptoms? If your memory loss has a physical cause, you’re likely to have other issues, too. Do you have headaches? Blurred vision? Muscle weakness or paralysis? Those could mean a problem with your brain, like an injury, blood clot, or tumor. See your doctor or get emergency care, especially if these symptoms come on suddenly.

Thyroid problems can cause low energy and weight gain. A B12 deficiency can cause balance problems.

What kind of things do you forget? With ADHD, you may not remember where your car keys are because you were distracted when you put them down. But with dementia, you may be driving somewhere you’ve been a hundred times, and suddenly get lost.

In the early stages of dementia, your working memory may be fine, but you don’t remember recent events, like a conversation you had earlier in the day.

Normal aging can make it harder for you to learn new things, so you may not recall the name of someone you just met.

More and more often, older people are going to the doctor because they think they’re developing dementia, only to find out they have ADHD. The learning disorder is believed to be underdiagnosed in adults. The standards used to identify ADHD in kids don’t apply as well to older people. And over time, some people get very good at making up for their processing problems.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the earliest stage of dementia. It shares many symptoms with ADHD, but there are some important differences.

People with ADHD and people with MCI may both have:

• Problems with so-called executive functions, like paying attention and processing information
• Forgetfulness
• Trouble with impulse control
• Sleep problems
• Depression
• Anxiety

But the conditions are also different in many ways:

• Symptoms of ADHD begin in childhood. MCI starts when you’re older.
• Symptoms of ADHD generally stay the same or become less noticeable in adulthood. MCI gets worse over time.
• People with ADHD are usually fully aware of their memory problems and can describe their symptoms and notice changes. With dementia, it’s more likely to be a caregiver who first spots the problem.
• Medications that can improve the brain function of people with MCI don’t work on ADHD. And the stimulants that help with ADHD have no effect on dementia.

There’s some evidence that people with ADHD may be more likely to develop dementia as they age, particularly the disease called Lewy body dementia. People with both disorders share some of the same brain chemistry differences. And some behaviors that are common in people with ADHD, like smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are known to put you at risk for cognitive decline.

But the jury is still out on whether people with ADHD actually get dementia any more often than people without ADHD.

Don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor if you’re concerned about your memory loss, especially if it’s gone on for some time or if it’s affecting your daily life.

They can do several kinds of tests to try to get to the bottom of it. You may get:

• Mental status tests, where you’re asked to do things like repeat a list of words, name objects, follow multistep commands and answer questions about the past
• Neurological tests
• Imaging tests like an MRI
• Blood or urine tests

Many causes of memory loss are temporary and treatable. If it turns out your memory issues are a symptom of your ADHD, there are still things you can do. Your doctor may adjust your medication or try a different one. Or you may try behavioral therapy or counseling.

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ADHD and Memory Loss: What to Know

Written by Stephanie Langmaid

• ADHD and Memory
• What Causes Memory Loss?
• How Can You Tell if It’s ADHD or Something Else?
• ADHD and Dementia
• When to See Your Doctor

If you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), forgetfulness is probably something you’ve dealt with your whole life. But maybe your memory problems are starting to feel different. You’re forgetting things more often. You’re losing the thread of conversations or grasping for the right word.

There are a lot of reasons for memory loss. Some of them are serious, some are easy to treat. Here are some ways to tell whether what you’re experiencing is ADHD, or something else.

When you have ADHD, memory problems tend to show up in ways like missing appointments, or forgetting where you put your phone or keys. ADHD affects two different kinds of memory:

Working memory. This is the part of your memory that allows you to turn information you learn into action, for example: remembering instructions long enough to finish a task. Studies show working memory is less effective in children and adults who have ADHD than in those who don’t.

Long-term memory. People with ADHD often don’t do well on tests of long-term memory. But scientists believe that has to do with how they process information. When you have ADHD, distractions may prevent you from taking in information, or your brain may store it in a disorganized way. Memories aren’t lost, they aren’t made in the first place.

If you’re noticing memory problems, your fears may go straight to dementia. But many other things – including normal aging – can cause memory loss. Other causes can include:

• Mental health issues, including stress, trauma, and depression
• Lack of sleep or sleep apnea
• Not enough of certain vitamins, particularly B1 and B12
• Alcohol and drug use
• Prescription and over-the-counter medications, including:
  • Antidepressants
  • Antihistamines
  • Narcotic pain killers
  • Drugs for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, incontinence, and seizures
• Menopause
• Underactive or overactive thyroid

If you can find out and treat the underlying cause, your memory may go back to normal.

More serious conditions can cause memory loss, too, including:

• Brain injury from an accident, infection, stroke, or tumor
• Illnesses that involve the brain, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lyme disease, and HIV

If you have any of these conditions, talk to your doctor about your memory problems.

Memory loss can look and feel the same whether it’s a symptom of ADHD or something else. But there are some clues that can help you and your doctor figure out what’s causing it.

When did the problem start?ADHD symptoms start in childhood. If your memory loss is a new problem, it could have a different cause. Most people lose some amount of brain function as a natural part of aging, starting in your 30s and 40s. Your brain’s function shrinks even more by age 60. Your brain goes through physical changes, and brain cells have a harder time communicating. You may learn new information more slowly and have trouble with multitasking.

Dementia usually starts to appear after age 65. Symptoms tend to start slowly and gradually get worse until you’re no longer able to manage your daily life.

Has something changed? ADHD symptoms don’t get worse over time, but they can become more noticeable under certain circumstances. If you’ve just retired, losing the structure of the workday can cause old problems to crop up again, like managing your time and focusing on a task long enough to finish it. The hormone changes of menopause can highlight ADHD symptoms.

Have you recently been through a stressful situation or traumatic event? Did you hit your head in a fall? Did you start a new medication? Identifying changes in your life may point you to the reason for your memory loss.

Do you have other symptoms? If your memory loss has a physical cause, you’re likely to have other issues, too. Do you have headaches? Blurred vision? Muscle weakness or paralysis? Those could mean a problem with your brain, like an injury, blood clot, or tumor. See your doctor or get emergency care, especially if these symptoms come on suddenly.

Thyroid problems can cause low energy and weight gain. A B12 deficiency can cause balance problems.

What kind of things do you forget? With ADHD, you may not remember where your car keys are because you were distracted when you put them down. But with dementia, you may be driving somewhere you’ve been a hundred times, and suddenly get lost.

In the early stages of dementia, your working memory may be fine, but you don’t remember recent events, like a conversation you had earlier in the day.

Normal aging can make it harder for you to learn new things, so you may not recall the name of someone you just met.

More and more often, older people are going to the doctor because they think they’re developing dementia, only to find out they have ADHD. The learning disorder is believed to be underdiagnosed in adults. The standards used to identify ADHD in kids don’t apply as well to older people. And over time, some people get very good at making up for their processing problems.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the earliest stage of dementia. It shares many symptoms with ADHD, but there are some important differences.

People with ADHD and people with MCI may both have:

• Problems with so-called executive functions, like paying attention and processing information
• Forgetfulness
• Trouble with impulse control
• Sleep problems
• Depression
• Anxiety

But the conditions are also different in many ways:

• Symptoms of ADHD begin in childhood. MCI starts when you’re older.
• Symptoms of ADHD generally stay the same or become less noticeable in adulthood. MCI gets worse over time.
• People with ADHD are usually fully aware of their memory problems and can describe their symptoms and notice changes. With dementia, it’s more likely to be a caregiver who first spots the problem.
• Medications that can improve the brain function of people with MCI don’t work on ADHD. And the stimulants that help with ADHD have no effect on dementia.

There’s some evidence that people with ADHD may be more likely to develop dementia as they age, particularly the disease called Lewy body dementia. People with both disorders share some of the same brain chemistry differences. And some behaviors that are common in people with ADHD, like smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are known to put you at risk for cognitive decline.

But the jury is still out on whether people with ADHD actually get dementia any more often than people without ADHD.

Don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor if you’re concerned about your memory loss, especially if it’s gone on for some time or if it’s affecting your daily life.

They can do several kinds of tests to try to get to the bottom of it. You may get:

• Mental status tests, where you’re asked to do things like repeat a list of words, name objects, follow multistep commands and answer questions about the past
• Neurological tests
• Imaging tests like an MRI
• Blood or urine tests

Many causes of memory loss are temporary and treatable. If it turns out your memory issues are a symptom of your ADHD, there are still things you can do. Your doctor may adjust your medication or try a different one. Or you may try behavioral therapy or counseling.

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Loss of memory

Loss of memory

Loss of memory, otherwise – amnesia is the loss of memories. Memory loss can be partial or complete. With partial, not all memories are erased, separate fragments of events, vague images are stored in the memory. Complete amnesia is the complete loss of all memories.

The loss of such an important function is a real tragedy for a person, leading to the destruction of personality, deterioration in the quality of life. In most cases, this is a degenerative process that occurs in life after 70 years in 15% of older people. Many, probably, faced a situation when relatives – grandmothers, grandfathers enthusiastically talk about their childhood, but can hardly remember what happened recently. Age-related forgetfulness is associated with destructive processes that occur directly in the brain tissue.

However, amnesia can be a sign of serious illness . Therefore, it should be taken very seriously.

What diseases are hidden behind such a symptom as memory loss?

1. Alzheimer’s disease . Most often, the disease begins with the loss of short-term memory – this is the first and most alarming sign. It becomes difficult for a person to remember the memorized text, in connection with this, he is forced to keep written reminders. The MRI image clearly shows changes in the structure of the brain, characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. At the same time, it is quite difficult to determine the disease in the early stages using only the MRI method. To clarify the diagnosis, it is also necessary to undergo electrocardiography, electroencephalography, a study of thyroid function, etc.
2. HIV . Memory problems, and in a broader sense, mental problems (from neurotic reactions to dementia and organic brain damage) are very common as integral signs and symptoms of HIV.
3. Hyperparateriosis – disease caused by excessive secretion of the hormone by the parathyroid glands and characterized by changes in the bones and kidneys. In some cases, one of the symptoms of the disease may be a slight loss of memory.
4. Depression. A serious psycho-emotional shock can cause a severe form of amnesia. It requires the participation of a psychotherapist and treatment with antidepressants.
5. Drug addiction. As a rule, after appropriate therapy, patients acquire the ability to “remember everything.” Usually they are not prescribed an additional examination of the brain in the absence of serious indications.
6. Brain tumor. Memory loss in this disease is accompanied by constant headaches.
7. Concussion . With a concussion or damage to the brain substance, short-term or long-term memory loss can occur. Over time, if there are no serious consequences, all the information necessary for life returns. True, sometimes it is reproduced partially, as the person recovers. And if for a long time the patient is unable to remember anything about himself, he, in addition to the ongoing diagnostic procedures, is prescribed an MRI. Tomography reveals inflammatory foci in the brain responsible for the storage and reproduction of information
8. Encephalitis and meningitis. Inflammation of the brain is recorded on magnetic resonance imaging as a lesion of white or gray matter, a diffuse change in nerve endings or pathways. The presence of one of the listed changes can become a source of partial or complete amnesia
9. Epilepsy. The patient forgets only the information that was received recently. After an attack, memory partially returns, and with good treatment, it is almost completely restored.
10. Diseases of the cardiovascular system and blood supply systems. In heart attacks, strokes of the brain, amnesia is most often observed. MRI of the brain reveals: necrosis (necrosis) of brain tissue; foci of hemorrhage; cardiogenic embolism or other vascular injury.

Therefore, if you notice this symptom in yourself or your loved ones, go through an examination by a psychotherapist and a neurologist, in some cases you may need to consult a narcologist, an infectious disease specialist and a neurosurgeon.

Diagnostic methods include:

• blood test;
• biochemical and toxicological tests;
• testing to determine memory functions;
• electroencephalography;
• MRI and CT.

These diagnostic techniques in combination allow one to determine the causes of amnesia, its type and prescribe the correct therapeutic (drug) or surgical treatment.

Return to the list

Memory loss – a manifestation of the disease in the elderly and young, treatment, prognosis

Memory loss is an alarming symptom if it occurs often enough. Each of us finds ourselves in situations where small memory lapses occur. However, regular memory loss requires attention from a specialist. In some cases, with some violations, the process is reversible after competent therapy.

General information

Memory is a complex concept that combines some of the human abilities. A specific part of the brain is responsible for each, so the loss of certain skills or memories of yourself, loved ones, will indicate to the specialist what the problem is.

Memory is a key mental process that makes it possible to accumulate and transfer experience, learn about the world around, oneself, adapt to new conditions and circumstances. In most cases, patients of neuropathologists and psychiatrists complain about memory. The severity of disorders ranges from minor functional disorders to progressive symptoms. In older patients, the deterioration of memory function is due to organic changes in the brain tissues. They lead to a persistent cognitive disorder and are difficult to treat – this is a decrease, in some cases – a complete loss of the preservation and reproduction of information. The disease makes it difficult to carry out normal work duties, although initially the deterioration in memory and changes in behavior are noticeable only to the next of kin.

Causes of memory loss

There are certain factors that affect memory loss. However, older people are more susceptible to violations. It is age that is the most common reason that a person has memory lapses. The first problems begin to appear at the age of 65-70. The reason is age-related disorders in the brain.

Otherwise, more than 100 diseases and conditions may be the cause. Among them there are reversible and irreversible pathologies. Short-term loss and complete loss of memory occur as a result of the following reasons:

• traumatic brain injury of the head;

• alcoholism, drug addiction;

• long-term use of drugs, among the side effects of which are cognitive decline;

• frontotemporal, vascular dementia, and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease;

• renal and hepatic insufficiency;

• mental disorders, depression;

• hypothyroidism;

• infectious or neoplastic diseases of the brain;

• progressive neurodegenerative disease – Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease;

• diabetes mellitus;

• deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body;

• stroke, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, migraine and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system;

• mental retardation.

Temporary loss of memory occurs as a result of a traumatic event: military operations, loss of a loved one, accident, abduction, and others. Episodic memory impairment is observed in mental disorders, such as schizophrenia.

Factors that provoke memory loss

Since any memory impairment is a response of the body, or rather the brain, to an irritant, all developmental factors are associated with an effect on the brain. Factors that contribute to memory loss include:

• uncontrolled use of drugs, especially antihistamines and cholesterol-lowering drugs;

• hypertension;

• addiction to alcoholic beverages, drugs;

• lack of mental activity, especially in old age;

• obesity;

• daily lack of sleep;

• high blood lipids;

• visual impairment.

Constant exposure to stress negatively affects memory, sometimes causing hysterical amnesia, a condition in which the patient selectively forgets traumatic events in life.

Types of memory loss

Considering the clinical manifestations, experts divide memory loss into hypermnesia, hypomnesia and amnesia. In addition, there are subtypes of paramnesia.

Hypermnesia is a sharpening of memory, but most often temporary. It differs from phenomenal memory in that the ability to control the memory process is lost. A large amount of memories of real events becomes unproductive. Hypermnesia is observed in some disease states.

Hypomnesia is characterized by a decrease in various forms and types of memory, which sometimes progress to the degree of amnesia. The disease manifests itself sequentially. Initially, productive reproduction decreases, then there are problems with information retention. After that, the memory of current impressions suffers. The disorder mainly concerns reference information – surnames, names, terms, dates.

Memory loss is characterized by a complete or partial loss of the ability to record, store, and then reproduce the information received. With amnesia, the quantitative component of the entire memory volume suffers. The reasons for the development of amnesia include metabolic, morphological changes in cerebral structures.

There is a classification that includes the following types:

1. Modally non-specific. They are characterized by incomplete preservation of traces of impact of different modality – auditory, motor, visual. Such disorders are most often caused by damage to deep brain structures.

2. Modal-specific. Memory problems exist when saving, reproducing information of a certain modality. Disorders develop with lesions of the cortical zones of the analyzers. Sometimes acoustic, auditory-speech, motor memory changes.

3. System specific. These pathologies are characterized by damage to the speech areas of the brain. Organization and systematization of information with the help of words is impossible.

Diseases, the symptoms of which are memory disorders, begin imperceptibly to others and the patient himself, then progress, depriving a person of the opportunity to fully work, communicate, serve himself.

Disease symptoms

Early signs of memory loss include:

• frequent loss of things;

• distraction;

• disorientation in space;

• speech disorder;

• lack of concentration on one thing;

• repeating the same question during a conversation;

• forgetfulness;

• slowing down of mental activity;

• decrease in the level of self-criticism;

• 90,002 difficulty doing simple household chores.

One of the characteristic signs of diseases associated with partial loss of memory is a wary attitude towards new people and circumstances, unwillingness to accept any changes. Memory impairments make a person very irritable. Sometimes in the early stages, the patient realizes that there is some kind of problem, but cannot fully realize his condition. Suspecting a disease, insisting on diagnosis and subsequent therapy is the task of loved ones.

Memory loss as a symptom of other diseases

Memory loss is accompanied by various pathologies. Most often, problems occur in the following conditions of the body:

• with craniocerebral injuries, concussion, retrograde amnesia occurs, for more severe injuries, anterograde amnesia is characteristic;

• stroke causes retrograde progressive amnesia, in rare cases regressive;

• tumor-like processes affecting brain function;

• epilepsy – memory impairment observed at the time of the attack;

• neurosyphilis;

• alcohol, drug or drug intoxication.

Close people need to understand that in some cases the process is reversible, so you need to contact a specialist in a timely manner.

Degrees of memory loss

There is a special diagnostic scale by which experts determine the severity of the disorder. It is represented by 7 positions.

At the first stage, neither the patient himself nor his closest relatives notice the impairment of cognitive functions. On the second, a decrease in functions is noticeable, for example, a person may forget the name of a colleague or neighbor, some dates, but this does not affect his life or work. The third stage is characterized by difficulty remembering recent events or impressions.

In the fourth and fifth stages of memory loss, the patient cannot perform easy financial transactions, it is difficult for him to go to the store, because he cannot perform mathematical calculations. In the sixth and seventh stages, the problem becomes severe. The disease is likely irreversible. The patient is completely disoriented, does not recognize close people.

Complications and consequences

The risk of complications is primarily related to the underlying disease. In Alzheimer’s disease, the average life expectancy is about 7 years with adequate therapy. Progressive forms of the disease in 100% of cases lead to the death of the patient.

Suppurative meningitis leads to hearing loss, epilepsy, brain damage caused by fluid accumulation. Lethal outcome is characteristic in 15% of cases.

Injuries, bruises of the brain also have consequences under adverse conditions. They lead to the formation of cysts and adhesions in the lining of the brain, post-traumatic hydrocephalus, psychopathy, Parkinson’s disease.

Which doctor should I contact?

If you notice problems with memory loss, or you are worried about the condition of a loved one, you should contact a specialist as soon as possible. First of all, you need to make an appointment with a psychiatrist or neurologist. Based on the results of the examination, conversation, diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe treatment or redirect you to another specialist. Sometimes the collaboration of several doctors is required.

Methods for diagnosing memory loss

For symptoms of amnesia, the doctor may prescribe the following diagnostic measures:

• history taking;

• general health assessment;

• conversation with next of kin;

• psychometric testing;

• laboratory blood tests;

• MRI;

• tomography;

• electroencephalography.

Specialists analyze the patient’s condition, taking into account his behavior and the results of the diagnosis. It is advisable to contact the medical institution where the joint work of related doctors is possible. Modern diagnostic equipment is needed, as this will provide more informative results.

Further, the final conclusions of diagnosticians will be required to develop a treatment regimen. If a person is at a respectable age, but still does not experience problems with memory, a preventive examination can be carried out. Early diagnosis can help delay or completely avoid the development of a serious problem. Remember that the presence of even mild cognitive impairment increases the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease and dementia syndrome.

Treatment of memory loss

Treatment measures are selected individually according to the underlying disease. Common therapies include pharmacotherapy, psychocorrection, and lifestyle changes.

The essence of drug therapy for memory loss is taking a different group of drugs that should be aimed at eliminating the underlying disease. The doctor prescribes nootropics to stimulate cognitive processes, improve blood circulation and metabolism.

Psychocorrection is necessary for training and memory recovery. There are special techniques – mnemonics, which are aimed at facilitating the process of memorization and increasing the amount of memory. Sensations, visual and auditory images are used as auxiliary mechanisms.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite. Doctors recommend daily outdoor walks in all weathers, moderate exercise, healthy sleep, daytime rest, and socializing to their patients. These simple actions will help stabilize brain function. Also, with memory loss, it is useful to read, watch popular science programs, documentaries. It is advisable to discuss them later in order to be able to work with the information received.

Prevention of memory loss

Progressive memory loss can be slowed down.