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Menthol use. Menthol in Skin Wound Healing: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects

by alexxlab

How does menthol contribute to skin wound healing. What are the anti-inflammatory properties of menthol in wound care. How does menthol stimulate the antioxidant defense system during wound healing. Can menthol increase epithelialization in skin wounds. What is the mechanism of action for menthol in promoting wound healing.

Содержание

The Healing Potential of Menthol in Cutaneous Wounds

Menthol, a naturally occurring compound found in peppermint and other mint plants, has garnered significant attention in the field of wound healing. Its unique properties make it a promising candidate for enhancing the skin’s natural repair processes. This article delves into the multifaceted role of menthol in wound healing, exploring its anti-inflammatory potential, antioxidant defense system stimulation, and ability to promote epithelialization.

Understanding Menthol’s Chemical Structure

Menthol is a cyclic terpene alcohol with the molecular formula C10H20O. Its chemical structure contributes to its versatile properties, including its cooling sensation and ability to interact with various biological pathways. The biosynthesis of menthol in plants involves a complex series of enzymatic reactions, primarily occurring in the essential oil glands of mint species.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Menthol in Wound Healing

Inflammation is a crucial part of the wound healing process, but excessive inflammation can impede repair. Menthol has demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory properties that may help modulate this delicate balance.

Modulation of Inflammatory Mediators

How does menthol reduce inflammation in wounds? Menthol has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). By suppressing these inflammatory mediators, menthol helps create an environment more conducive to healing.

Interaction with TRPM8 Receptors

Menthol’s anti-inflammatory effects are partly mediated through its interaction with transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels. These ion channels, when activated by menthol, can lead to a reduction in inflammatory responses and pain perception in the wounded area.

Stimulation of the Antioxidant Defense System

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in tissue damage during wound healing. Menthol’s ability to stimulate the body’s antioxidant defense system is a crucial aspect of its wound healing properties.

Enhancing Endogenous Antioxidant Production

Can menthol boost the body’s natural antioxidant defenses? Research suggests that menthol can upregulate the production of endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. These antioxidants help neutralize harmful free radicals and protect healing tissues from oxidative damage.

Direct Antioxidant Activity

In addition to stimulating the body’s antioxidant defenses, menthol itself possesses direct antioxidant properties. Its ability to scavenge free radicals contributes to the overall antioxidant capacity in the wound environment, further supporting the healing process.

Increased Epithelialization: Accelerating Wound Closure

Epithelialization is a critical phase of wound healing where new skin forms over the wound bed. Menthol has shown promising results in promoting this essential process.

Stimulating Keratinocyte Proliferation and Migration

How does menthol enhance epithelialization? Studies have demonstrated that menthol can stimulate the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, the primary cell type in the epidermis. This increased cellular activity leads to faster wound closure and the formation of new skin.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Menthol has been found to influence the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that play a crucial role in tissue remodeling during wound healing. By regulating MMP activity, menthol helps maintain an optimal balance between extracellular matrix degradation and deposition, facilitating proper wound closure.

The Role of Menthol in Pain Management During Wound Healing

Pain management is an important aspect of wound care, and menthol’s analgesic properties make it a valuable addition to wound healing protocols.

Activation of TRPM8 Channels for Pain Relief

How does menthol provide pain relief in wounds? Menthol activates TRPM8 channels, which are involved in the perception of cool sensations. This activation can lead to a local analgesic effect, reducing pain and discomfort associated with wounds.

Synergistic Effects with Other Analgesics

When combined with other analgesic compounds, menthol has shown synergistic effects, potentially allowing for reduced doses of traditional pain medications. This combination approach can lead to improved pain management with fewer side effects.

Menthol’s Impact on Microcirculation in Wound Healing

Proper blood flow is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to healing tissues. Menthol has been found to influence microcirculation in ways that can benefit wound healing.

Vasodilation and Increased Blood Flow

Can menthol improve blood flow to wounds? Research indicates that menthol can induce mild vasodilation, increasing blood flow to the wounded area. This enhanced circulation helps deliver essential nutrients and oxygen to healing tissues, supporting the repair process.

Modulation of Nitric Oxide Production

Menthol has been shown to influence the production of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. By modulating nitric oxide levels, menthol may help optimize blood flow to the wound site, further supporting the healing process.

Formulation Considerations for Menthol in Wound Care Products

The effectiveness of menthol in wound healing applications depends greatly on its formulation and delivery method.

Topical Preparations

What are the most effective ways to apply menthol for wound healing? Topical preparations such as ointments, creams, and gels are common delivery methods for menthol in wound care. These formulations allow for direct application to the wound site, maximizing local effects while minimizing systemic absorption.

Concentration and Dosage Considerations

The concentration of menthol in wound care products is crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic effects without causing irritation. Typical concentrations range from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the specific application and individual patient factors.

Combination with Other Wound Healing Agents

Menthol is often combined with other wound healing agents to create synergistic effects. Common combinations include menthol with aloe vera, vitamin E, or hyaluronic acid, each contributing unique benefits to the wound healing process.

As research continues to uncover the full potential of menthol in wound healing, it is becoming increasingly clear that this versatile compound offers a range of benefits for cutaneous repair. From its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to its ability to promote epithelialization and manage pain, menthol represents a promising avenue for enhancing wound care protocols.

Future studies will likely focus on optimizing menthol formulations, exploring potential synergies with other wound healing agents, and investigating its efficacy in various types of wounds. As our understanding of menthol’s mechanisms of action in wound healing deepens, we can expect to see more targeted and effective applications of this remarkable compound in clinical practice.

The integration of menthol into wound care strategies represents an exciting frontier in dermatology and regenerative medicine. By harnessing the natural healing properties of this compound, healthcare professionals may be able to offer patients improved outcomes, faster healing times, and enhanced quality of life during the wound healing process.

Menthol’s Potential in Chronic Wound Management

Chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers and pressure sores, present significant challenges in wound care. The unique properties of menthol make it a promising candidate for addressing some of these challenges.

Breaking the Inflammatory Cycle

How can menthol help in chronic wound management? Chronic wounds are often characterized by persistent inflammation that impedes healing. Menthol’s anti-inflammatory properties may help break this cycle, creating an environment more conducive to repair and regeneration.

Combating Biofilm Formation

Biofilms, communities of microorganisms that adhere to wound surfaces, are a major obstacle in chronic wound healing. Some studies suggest that menthol may have antimicrobial properties that could help combat biofilm formation, although more research is needed in this area.

Enhancing Debridement Efficacy

Debridement, the removal of dead or infected tissue, is crucial in chronic wound management. Menthol’s ability to stimulate blood flow and promote epithelialization may enhance the efficacy of debridement procedures, leading to improved wound bed preparation.

Safety Considerations and Potential Side Effects of Menthol in Wound Care

While menthol offers numerous benefits in wound healing, it’s essential to consider potential safety issues and side effects.

Skin Sensitivity and Irritation

Are there any risks associated with using menthol on wounds? Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to menthol. Patch testing and careful monitoring are recommended, especially when using higher concentrations or on sensitive skin areas.

Systemic Absorption Concerns

Although topical application of menthol typically results in minimal systemic absorption, caution should be exercised in cases where large areas of skin are involved or when used on highly permeable skin regions.

Interactions with Other Medications

Menthol may interact with certain medications, particularly those applied topically. Healthcare providers should consider potential interactions when incorporating menthol into wound care regimens for patients on multiple medications.

The use of menthol in wound healing represents an exciting intersection of traditional knowledge and modern scientific research. Its multifaceted effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue regeneration offer a holistic approach to wound management that aligns well with the body’s natural healing processes.

As research in this field progresses, we can anticipate the development of more sophisticated menthol-based wound care products tailored to specific types of wounds and patient needs. The potential for combining menthol with other cutting-edge wound healing technologies, such as bioengineered tissues or smart dressings, opens up new possibilities for innovative treatment strategies.

Moreover, the growing interest in natural and plant-derived therapeutic agents may position menthol as a key player in the trend towards more sustainable and eco-friendly healthcare solutions. Its renewable sourcing from mint plants aligns with increasing consumer demand for natural products in medical applications.

In conclusion, the role of menthol in skin wound healing is a testament to the ongoing dialogue between nature and science in medical research. By harnessing the healing power of this remarkable compound, we may be able to offer patients more effective, comfortable, and naturalistic approaches to wound care, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life for those dealing with both acute and chronic wounds.

The Use of Menthol in Skin Wound Healing—Anti-Inflammatory Potential, Antioxidant Defense System Stimulation and Increased Epithelialization

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Menthol Topical: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Uses

This medication is used to treat minor aches and pains of the muscles/joints (such as arthritis, backache, sprains). Menthol works by causing the skin to feel cool and then warm. These feelings on the skin distract you from feeling the aches/pains deeper in your muscles and joints.

How to use Menthol 5 % Topical Patch

Use this medication on the skin only. Clean and dry the affected area. Remove the backing from the patch and apply the patch to the affected area. Do not apply the patch to skin that is injured or irritated (such as skin that is cut, scraped, sunburned, infected, or has a rash). Leave the patch on the affected area for up to 12 hours. Use this medication as directed by your doctor or follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Take the patch off before bathing and do not apply the patch right after bathing. Do not bandage or wrap the area where the patch is applied unless directed to do so by the doctor. Do not apply heat (such as a heating pad) on the patch. Doing so may increase the risk of side effects.

Wash your hands well after handling the patch. Avoid getting this medication in your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you do get the medication in those areas, flush with plenty of water.

After removing each patch, fold the used patch with the sticky sides together, and throw away in the trash away from children and pets.

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts for more than 7 days, or if it gets worse, or if it keeps returning. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Side Effects

Redness, mild itching, or irritation at the application site may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Stop using this medication and tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: blistering/swelling at the application site, increased/unusual pain at the application site.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to menthol; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

If you are going to have an MRI test, tell testing personnel if you are using this patch. Some patches may contain metals that can cause serious burns during an MRI. Ask your doctor whether you will need to remove your patch before the test and apply a new patch afterward, and how to do so properly.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

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Overdose

This medication patch may be harmful if chewed or swallowed. If someone has overdosed, remove the patch if possible. For serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

Keep all regular medical and lab appointments.

If you are using this product on a regular schedule and miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Use your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature. Different brands of this medication have different storage needs. Check the product package for instructions on how to store your brand, or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. (See also How to Use section.) Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

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CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Menthol – ingredient description, instructions for use, indications and contraindications
ProWellness

Table of contents

  • Description of menthol
  • Pharmacological properties of menthol
  • Use of menthol
  • Contraindications and side effects

Disclaimer

Please note that all information posted on the site
Prowellness is provided for informational purposes only and is not a personal program, a direct recommendation for action, or medical advice. Do not use these materials for diagnosis, treatment, or any medical procedure. Consult your physician before using any technique or using any product. This site is not a specialized medical portal and does not replace the professional advice of a specialist. The Site Owner is not liable to any party who has suffered indirect or direct damage as a result of misuse of materials posted on this resource.

Description of menthol

Menthol is an organic substance isolated from mint essence or produced synthetically. The compound is a secondary metabolite of plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is a colorless crystal with a minty aroma and a cooling taste.

Menthol exhibits weak antiseptic activity, cools the skin and mucous membranes, and has a local anesthetic effect. It is included in the formulation of the vasodilator drug Validol.

Pharmacological properties of menthol

Menthol has the following properties:

  • relieves the symptoms of diseases of the mouth and throat;
  • exhibits antimicrobial activity;
  • suppresses inflammatory processes;
  • reduces the severity of pain;
  • eliminates itching;
  • constricts blood vessels;
  • tones the veins;
  • is an effective analgesic;
  • relieves migraine attacks;
  • has a carminative effect;
  • lowers pressure;
  • calms the central nervous system;
  • excites the trigeminal nerve;
  • cools at high body temperature, warms at low body temperature.

Attention! Menthol improves potency. However, when the drug is abused, it has the opposite effect. Therefore, you must strictly adhere to the instructions for its use.

The use of menthol

Menthol is used in the complex therapy of gastrointestinal pathologies. It stimulates appetite, normalizes digestion and eliminates nausea. With colds, the drug acts as an anesthetic and reduces the frequency and severity of coughing attacks.

In liquid form, menthol is used to lubricate sore tonsils and gums. Menthol ointment for the joints suppresses inflammation, and for the legs – cools, dulls pain, relieves spasms.

Menthol inhalation helps to cure a runny nose and reduce the viscosity of sputum. When using a solution of menthol in combination with valerian tincture, a calming effect can be achieved. This combination is used for cardiac pathologies, for example, with angina attacks.

Menthol oil is used for weakness, overexcitation. The remedy is indicated for allergic skin reactions, dermatitis and other rashes. The cooling effect of menthol helps to reduce itching and irritation.

Contraindications and side effects

Menthol is contraindicated in the following conditions:

  • under 5 years of age;
  • complications of varicose veins;
  • extensive dermatitis;
  • individual intolerance;
  • allergy.

Adverse reactions possible. The most common ingestion is nausea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen. When applied externally, drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination of movements may occur.

Disclaimer

Please note that all information posted on the site
Prowellness is provided for informational purposes only and is not a personal program, a direct recommendation for action, or medical advice. Do not use these materials for diagnosis, treatment, or any medical procedure. Consult your physician before using any technique or using any product. This site is not a specialized medical portal and does not replace the professional advice of a specialist. The Site Owner is not liable to any party who has suffered indirect or direct damage as a result of misuse of materials posted on this resource.

Menthol

Menthol (from lat. Mentha – mint) is an organic substance, an important secondary metabolite of plants of the Lamiaceae family, obtained synthetically or isolated from mint essential oil. It has weak local anesthetic properties, stimulates cold receptors of the skin and mucous membranes, a weak antiseptic. It is widely used in the food industry and in medicine. In particular, validol is the main component of the reflex vasodilator.

Physical and chemical properties

Transparent crystalline substance, melts easily at room temperature. Prismatic or needle-shaped, colorless or white lustrous crystals with a characteristic fresh, minty odour. Melting point: 42.5°C There are 8 isomers with fairly similar properties.

Security

Menthol has low toxicity, but should not be used in the first trimester of pregnancy. Direct contact of the pure substance with the skin may cause allergic reactions.

Pharmacological properties

In humans, menthol is metabolized to menthol glucuronide, in the urine the concentration of menthol glucuronide reaches 65-68% of the total absorbed menthol. Other less significant metabolites are hydroxyl menthol glucuronide, dihydroxy menthol glucuronide, menthol sulfoconjugate, as well as menthol aldehyde-hydroxyl glucuronide or menthol dialdehyde glucuronide in very low concentrations. The half-life of menthol averages 1.34 hours, sometimes slightly longer, with a range of 0.42–5.84 hours. The concentration in the blood and Tmax of menthol vary quite widely, glucuronidation, the main reaction of the II phase of metabolism, predominates. Menthol inhibits calcium channels at IC50s of 7.7-28.1mcg/mL (gut cells), 17.2-26.6mcg/mL (retinal cells) and 10.1-68.5mcg/mL (heart cells) and is twice as potent as the oil itself peppermint (IC50 concentration in retinal cells is 20.3-41.7 µg/ml). Menthol has a greater effect on intestinal cells than on heart and nerve cells; in terms of its effect, it can compete with nitrendipine, a calcium channel blocker. Menthol is a calcium channel antagonist with the same binding sites as nitrendipine.

Clinical

Menthol, when applied to mucous membranes or rubbed into the skin, irritates the nerve endings, causing a sensation of cold and tingling. When the cold receptors are excited, the superficial vessels constrict and the vessels of the internal organs reflexively expand. This explains the relief of pain under the action of menthol in angina pectoris (coronary vessels expand reflexively).

Menthol is also used for pain in the heart area. It is prescribed for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, spastic colitis and enterocolitis, as an antiseptic and analgesic. It has a mild local anesthetic effect. Irritating the receptors of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, menthol enhances peristalsis.

Menthol is part of Zelenin drops; is produced in the form of a powder, 1-2% menthol oil, 1-2% alcohol solution of menthol and menthol pencil, which includes 1.0 menthol, 3.5 paraffin and 0.5 caeserin. Rub the whiskey with a menthol pencil for migraines and headaches.

Menthol and peppermint oil are used for runny nose, colds, flu; these substances have been used in the Ingacamf inhaler.

With angina pectoris, Validol is taken – a solution of menthol in methyl ester of isovaleric acid.

Pure menthol in the form of various alcohol (menovazin) and water preparations is used in the complex treatment of eczema, dermatitis, neurodermatitis, urticaria, pruritus.

Validol – 25-30% solution of menthol in methyl ester of isovaleric acid.

Zelenin drops consist of 0.2 parts of menthol. The tooth drops contain 3.1 parts of peppermint oil. Boromenthol (ointment) includes 0.5 parts of menthol. Also, menthol is part of such drugs as pectusin, menovazin, equatol, camphomen, ingacamf (pocket inhaler), Efkamon ointment, which is used for arthritis, myositis and neuralgia.


Literature

Grigoleit HG, Grigoleit P. Pharmacology and preclinical pharmacokinetics of peppermint oil. Phytomedicine. (2005)

The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 1960.

Kasyanov G.I. Natural food flavors – CO – extracts / G.I.Kasyanov, A.V.Pekhov, A.A.