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Menthol use. Menthol in Skin Wound Healing: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Benefits

by alexxlab

How does menthol contribute to skin wound healing. What are the anti-inflammatory properties of menthol in wound care. How does menthol stimulate the antioxidant defense system. Can menthol increase epithelialization in wound healing. What is the role of menthol in promoting faster wound closure.

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The Healing Properties of Menthol: A Natural Wonder for Skin Wounds

Menthol, a compound derived from peppermint and other mint plants, has long been recognized for its cooling and soothing properties. However, recent research has uncovered its potential in skin wound healing, offering a natural alternative to conventional treatments. This article delves into the multifaceted benefits of menthol in wound care, exploring its anti-inflammatory potential, antioxidant properties, and ability to promote epithelialization.

Understanding the Mechanism of Action: How Menthol Aids Wound Healing

Menthol’s effectiveness in wound healing can be attributed to its unique molecular structure and interaction with cellular pathways. Does menthol directly influence cellular processes involved in wound healing? Indeed, studies have shown that menthol activates transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly TRPM8 and TRPV3, which play crucial roles in skin homeostasis and repair.

The activation of these channels triggers a cascade of events that contribute to the wound healing process:

  • Increased blood flow to the affected area
  • Enhanced production of growth factors
  • Stimulation of collagen synthesis
  • Modulation of inflammatory responses

These mechanisms work in concert to accelerate wound closure and promote tissue regeneration, making menthol a promising component in wound care formulations.

Anti-Inflammatory Potential: Menthol’s Role in Reducing Wound-Related Inflammation

Inflammation is a natural part of the wound healing process, but excessive or prolonged inflammation can impede recovery. How does menthol help manage inflammation in wounds? Menthol exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties through multiple pathways:

  1. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production
  2. Reduction of neutrophil infiltration
  3. Modulation of NF-κB signaling pathways
  4. Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression

By targeting these inflammatory mediators, menthol helps create an optimal environment for wound healing, reducing swelling, pain, and redness associated with skin injuries.

Antioxidant Defense System Stimulation: Menthol’s Protective Effects

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in wound healing, potentially delaying the process and causing further tissue damage. Can menthol combat oxidative stress in wound healing? Research indicates that menthol possesses remarkable antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize harmful free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage.

Menthol’s antioxidant effects include:

  • Upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase
  • Enhancement of glutathione levels, a crucial cellular antioxidant
  • Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • Prevention of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes

By bolstering the body’s antioxidant defense system, menthol creates a favorable environment for cellular repair and regeneration, ultimately accelerating the wound healing process.

Increased Epithelialization: Menthol’s Impact on Skin Cell Regeneration

Epithelialization, the process of new skin formation, is a critical phase in wound healing. Does menthol promote epithelialization? Studies have demonstrated that menthol can significantly enhance the rate of epithelialization, leading to faster wound closure and reduced scarring.

The mechanisms through which menthol promotes epithelialization include:

  1. Stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation and migration
  2. Upregulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors
  3. Enhancement of fibroblast activity, promoting collagen synthesis
  4. Modulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) involved in tissue remodeling

These effects collectively contribute to more efficient skin regeneration and improved wound healing outcomes.

Menthol’s Synergistic Effects with Other Wound Healing Agents

While menthol alone offers significant benefits in wound healing, its potential is further enhanced when combined with other natural or synthetic compounds. Can menthol work synergistically with other wound healing agents? Research suggests that menthol can indeed complement and augment the effects of various wound care ingredients:

  • Aloe vera: Combining menthol with aloe vera gel may enhance moisturizing and soothing effects
  • Vitamin E: The antioxidant properties of menthol and vitamin E can work in tandem to combat oxidative stress
  • Hyaluronic acid: Menthol may improve the penetration and efficacy of hyaluronic acid in wound healing
  • Calendula: The anti-inflammatory effects of both menthol and calendula extract can be complementary

These synergistic combinations offer promising avenues for developing more effective wound care formulations, leveraging the unique properties of each component to optimize healing outcomes.

Safety Considerations and Potential Side Effects of Menthol in Wound Care

While menthol offers numerous benefits in wound healing, it’s essential to consider potential safety concerns and side effects. Are there any risks associated with using menthol for wound care? Generally, menthol is considered safe when used topically in appropriate concentrations. However, some individuals may experience:

  • Skin irritation or allergic reactions
  • Burning or tingling sensations
  • Temporary redness or mild swelling

To minimize these risks, it’s advisable to:

  1. Perform a patch test before applying menthol-containing products to large areas
  2. Use products with appropriate menthol concentrations (typically 0.1% to 1% for wound care)
  3. Avoid applying menthol to open or severely damaged skin without medical supervision
  4. Discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur

When used correctly, menthol can be a safe and effective component in wound healing formulations.

Future Directions: Advancing Menthol-Based Wound Care Solutions

The promising results of menthol in wound healing open up exciting possibilities for future research and development. What are the potential areas of advancement in menthol-based wound care? Several avenues for further investigation and innovation include:

  • Development of novel menthol delivery systems for sustained release in wound dressings
  • Exploration of menthol derivatives with enhanced wound healing properties
  • Investigation of menthol’s effects on chronic wounds and diabetic ulcers
  • Combination therapies incorporating menthol with other cutting-edge wound healing technologies
  • Clinical trials to establish optimal dosing and treatment protocols for various wound types

As research progresses, we can expect to see more sophisticated and effective menthol-based wound care solutions entering the market, offering patients improved healing outcomes and quality of life.

Menthol’s Impact on Wound-Related Pain Management

Beyond its direct effects on wound healing, menthol’s analgesic properties make it a valuable component in managing wound-related pain. How does menthol alleviate pain associated with skin wounds? Menthol acts as a topical analgesic through several mechanisms:

  1. Activation of TRPM8 channels, producing a cooling sensation that masks pain
  2. Desensitization of nociceptors, reducing pain signal transmission
  3. Modulation of κ-opioid receptors, contributing to pain relief
  4. Anti-inflammatory effects that indirectly reduce pain and discomfort

These pain-relieving properties make menthol-containing formulations particularly beneficial for wounds that cause significant discomfort, enhancing patient compliance with wound care regimens and improving overall healing experiences.

The Role of Menthol in Promoting Skin Barrier Function

Maintaining and restoring skin barrier function is crucial in wound healing and prevention of secondary infections. Does menthol contribute to skin barrier restoration? Research suggests that menthol may indeed play a role in supporting skin barrier function:

  • Stimulation of ceramide production, essential for skin barrier integrity
  • Enhancement of tight junction protein expression, improving epidermal cohesion
  • Modulation of skin microbiome, potentially reducing the risk of infection
  • Promotion of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) production, aiding in skin hydration

By supporting skin barrier function, menthol not only aids in wound healing but also contributes to long-term skin health and resilience.

Menthol’s Potential in Scar Management and Prevention

Scar formation is a common concern in wound healing, often resulting in aesthetic and functional issues. Can menthol help minimize scarring? While more research is needed in this area, preliminary studies suggest that menthol may have potential benefits in scar management:

  1. Modulation of collagen synthesis and organization
  2. Reduction of excessive fibroblast activity, potentially preventing hypertrophic scars
  3. Anti-inflammatory effects that may limit scar tissue formation
  4. Enhancement of skin elasticity through improved collagen and elastin production

These properties make menthol an interesting candidate for inclusion in scar prevention and treatment formulations, potentially offering a natural approach to improving wound healing outcomes.

Menthol in Combination with Physical Wound Healing Therapies

The integration of menthol with various physical wound healing therapies presents intriguing possibilities for enhancing treatment efficacy. How can menthol complement other wound healing modalities? Several potential combinations show promise:

  • Menthol-infused dressings for negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)
  • Incorporation of menthol in photobiomodulation (low-level light therapy) gels
  • Menthol-based preparations for use with ultrasound-assisted wound healing
  • Menthol-enhanced hydrogels for electrical stimulation therapy

These innovative approaches could leverage the unique properties of menthol to enhance the effectiveness of established wound healing technologies, potentially leading to faster recovery times and improved patient outcomes.

The Influence of Menthol on Wound-Related Microcirculation

Adequate blood flow is essential for optimal wound healing, providing necessary nutrients and oxygen to the healing tissues. Does menthol affect microcirculation in wounded areas? Research indicates that menthol can indeed influence local blood flow:

  1. Vasodilation of small blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the wound site
  2. Enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) production, promoting vascular relaxation
  3. Stimulation of TRPV3 channels, which may regulate skin blood flow
  4. Potential improvement in lymphatic drainage, reducing edema around the wound

By promoting better microcirculation, menthol may contribute to more efficient nutrient delivery and waste removal in the wound area, supporting faster and more effective healing processes.

Menthol’s Impact on Cellular Energy Metabolism in Wound Healing

Efficient cellular energy production is crucial for the high-energy demands of wound healing. Can menthol influence cellular energy metabolism in the context of wound repair? Emerging research suggests that menthol may have interesting effects on cellular energetics:

  • Activation of TRPM8 channels, potentially influencing mitochondrial function
  • Modulation of calcium signaling, which plays a role in cellular energy regulation
  • Possible enhancement of glucose uptake and utilization in wound-healing cells
  • Potential upregulation of genes involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis

These effects on cellular energy metabolism could contribute to more efficient wound healing processes, providing the necessary energy for cell proliferation, migration, and tissue regeneration.

The Potential of Menthol in Managing Biofilm Formation in Wounds

Biofilm formation can significantly impede wound healing and increase the risk of infection. Does menthol have any effect on biofilm formation or disruption? While research in this area is still developing, some studies suggest that menthol may have antibiofilm properties:

  1. Inhibition of quorum sensing in certain bacterial species
  2. Disruption of existing biofilm structures
  3. Enhancement of antibiotic penetration through biofilms
  4. Potential synergistic effects with other antimicrobial agents

These properties make menthol an interesting candidate for inclusion in wound care formulations aimed at preventing or managing biofilm-associated complications, potentially improving healing outcomes in challenging wound environments.

Menthol’s Role in Modulating Wound-Related Itch and Pruritus

Itching associated with wound healing can be a significant source of discomfort and may interfere with the healing process. Can menthol help alleviate wound-related itch? Research indicates that menthol’s antipruritic properties may be beneficial in this context:

  • Activation of TRPM8 channels, producing a cooling sensation that can mask itch
  • Inhibition of itch-sensing neurons through desensitization mechanisms
  • Potential modulation of histamine-induced itch responses
  • Anti-inflammatory effects that may indirectly reduce pruritus

By addressing the issue of wound-related itch, menthol-containing formulations can improve patient comfort and potentially reduce the risk of wound disruption due to scratching, supporting more effective healing processes.

As research in the field of wound healing continues to evolve, the multifaceted benefits of menthol become increasingly apparent. From its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to its potential in managing biofilms and wound-related discomfort, menthol offers a versatile and natural approach to enhancing wound care outcomes. Future studies and clinical trials will undoubtedly uncover even more applications for this remarkable compound, paving the way for innovative wound healing solutions that harness the power of nature alongside cutting-edge medical science.

The Use of Menthol in Skin Wound Healing—Anti-Inflammatory Potential, Antioxidant Defense System Stimulation and Increased Epithelialization

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Menthol Topical: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Uses

This medication is used to treat minor aches and pains of the muscles/joints (such as arthritis, backache, sprains). Menthol works by causing the skin to feel cool and then warm. These feelings on the skin distract you from feeling the aches/pains deeper in your muscles and joints.

How to use Menthol 5 % Topical Patch

Use this medication on the skin only. Clean and dry the affected area. Remove the backing from the patch and apply the patch to the affected area. Do not apply the patch to skin that is injured or irritated (such as skin that is cut, scraped, sunburned, infected, or has a rash). Leave the patch on the affected area for up to 12 hours. Use this medication as directed by your doctor or follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Take the patch off before bathing and do not apply the patch right after bathing. Do not bandage or wrap the area where the patch is applied unless directed to do so by the doctor. Do not apply heat (such as a heating pad) on the patch. Doing so may increase the risk of side effects.

Wash your hands well after handling the patch. Avoid getting this medication in your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you do get the medication in those areas, flush with plenty of water.

After removing each patch, fold the used patch with the sticky sides together, and throw away in the trash away from children and pets.

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts for more than 7 days, or if it gets worse, or if it keeps returning. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Side Effects

Redness, mild itching, or irritation at the application site may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Stop using this medication and tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: blistering/swelling at the application site, increased/unusual pain at the application site.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to menthol; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

If you are going to have an MRI test, tell testing personnel if you are using this patch. Some patches may contain metals that can cause serious burns during an MRI. Ask your doctor whether you will need to remove your patch before the test and apply a new patch afterward, and how to do so properly.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Does Menthol 5 % Topical Patch interact with other drugs you are taking?

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Overdose

This medication patch may be harmful if chewed or swallowed. If someone has overdosed, remove the patch if possible. For serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

Keep all regular medical and lab appointments.

If you are using this product on a regular schedule and miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Use your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature. Different brands of this medication have different storage needs. Check the product package for instructions on how to store your brand, or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. (See also How to Use section.) Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Menthol – ingredient description, instructions for use, indications and contraindications
ProWellness

Table of contents

  • Description of menthol
  • Pharmacological properties of menthol
  • Use of menthol
  • Contraindications and side effects

Disclaimer

Please note that all information posted on the site
Prowellness is provided for informational purposes only and is not a personal program, a direct recommendation for action, or medical advice. Do not use these materials for diagnosis, treatment, or any medical procedure. Consult your physician before using any technique or using any product. This site is not a specialized medical portal and does not replace the professional advice of a specialist. The Site Owner is not liable to any party who has suffered indirect or direct damage as a result of misuse of materials posted on this resource.

Description of menthol

Menthol is an organic substance isolated from mint essence or produced synthetically. The compound is a secondary metabolite of plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is a colorless crystal with a minty aroma and a cooling taste.

Menthol exhibits weak antiseptic activity, cools the skin and mucous membranes, and has a local anesthetic effect. It is included in the formulation of the vasodilator drug Validol.

Pharmacological properties of menthol

Menthol has the following properties:

  • relieves the symptoms of diseases of the mouth and throat;
  • exhibits antimicrobial activity;
  • suppresses inflammatory processes;
  • reduces the severity of pain;
  • eliminates itching;
  • constricts blood vessels;
  • tones the veins;
  • is an effective analgesic;
  • relieves migraine attacks;
  • has a carminative effect;
  • lowers pressure;
  • calms the central nervous system;
  • excites the trigeminal nerve;
  • cools at high body temperature, warms at low body temperature.

Attention! Menthol improves potency. However, when the drug is abused, it has the opposite effect. Therefore, you must strictly adhere to the instructions for its use.

The use of menthol

Menthol is used in the complex therapy of gastrointestinal pathologies. It stimulates appetite, normalizes digestion and eliminates nausea. With colds, the drug acts as an anesthetic and reduces the frequency and severity of coughing attacks.

In liquid form, menthol is used to lubricate sore tonsils and gums. Menthol ointment for the joints suppresses inflammation, and for the legs – cools, dulls pain, relieves spasms.

Menthol inhalation helps to cure a runny nose and reduce the viscosity of sputum. When using a solution of menthol in combination with valerian tincture, a calming effect can be achieved. This combination is used for cardiac pathologies, for example, with angina attacks.

Menthol oil is used for weakness, overexcitation. The remedy is indicated for allergic skin reactions, dermatitis and other rashes. The cooling effect of menthol helps to reduce itching and irritation.

Contraindications and side effects

Menthol is contraindicated in the following conditions:

  • under 5 years of age;
  • complications of varicose veins;
  • extensive dermatitis;
  • individual intolerance;
  • allergy.

Adverse reactions possible. The most common ingestion is nausea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen. When applied externally, drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination of movements may occur.

Disclaimer

Please note that all information posted on the site
Prowellness is provided for informational purposes only and is not a personal program, a direct recommendation for action, or medical advice. Do not use these materials for diagnosis, treatment, or any medical procedure. Consult your physician before using any technique or using any product. This site is not a specialized medical portal and does not replace the professional advice of a specialist. The Site Owner is not liable to any party who has suffered indirect or direct damage as a result of misuse of materials posted on this resource.

Menthol

Menthol (from lat. Mentha – mint) is an organic substance, an important secondary metabolite of plants of the Lamiaceae family, obtained synthetically or isolated from mint essential oil. It has weak local anesthetic properties, stimulates cold receptors of the skin and mucous membranes, a weak antiseptic. It is widely used in the food industry and in medicine. In particular, validol is the main component of the reflex vasodilator.

Physical and chemical properties

Transparent crystalline substance, melts easily at room temperature. Prismatic or needle-shaped, colorless or white lustrous crystals with a characteristic fresh, minty odour. Melting point: 42.5°C There are 8 isomers with fairly similar properties.

Security

Menthol has low toxicity, but should not be used in the first trimester of pregnancy. Direct contact of the pure substance with the skin may cause allergic reactions.

Pharmacological properties

In humans, menthol is metabolized to menthol glucuronide, in the urine the concentration of menthol glucuronide reaches 65-68% of the total absorbed menthol. Other less significant metabolites are hydroxyl menthol glucuronide, dihydroxy menthol glucuronide, menthol sulfoconjugate, as well as menthol aldehyde-hydroxyl glucuronide or menthol dialdehyde glucuronide in very low concentrations. The half-life of menthol averages 1.34 hours, sometimes slightly longer, with a range of 0.42–5.84 hours. The concentration in the blood and Tmax of menthol vary quite widely, glucuronidation, the main reaction of the II phase of metabolism, predominates. Menthol inhibits calcium channels at IC50s of 7.7-28.1mcg/mL (gut cells), 17.2-26.6mcg/mL (retinal cells) and 10.1-68.5mcg/mL (heart cells) and is twice as potent as the oil itself peppermint (IC50 concentration in retinal cells is 20.3-41.7 µg/ml). Menthol has a greater effect on intestinal cells than on heart and nerve cells; in terms of its effect, it can compete with nitrendipine, a calcium channel blocker. Menthol is a calcium channel antagonist with the same binding sites as nitrendipine.

Clinical

Menthol, when applied to mucous membranes or rubbed into the skin, irritates the nerve endings, causing a sensation of cold and tingling. When the cold receptors are excited, the superficial vessels constrict and the vessels of the internal organs reflexively expand. This explains the relief of pain under the action of menthol in angina pectoris (coronary vessels expand reflexively).

Menthol is also used for pain in the heart area. It is prescribed for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, spastic colitis and enterocolitis, as an antiseptic and analgesic. It has a mild local anesthetic effect. Irritating the receptors of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, menthol enhances peristalsis.

Menthol is part of Zelenin drops; is produced in the form of a powder, 1-2% menthol oil, 1-2% alcohol solution of menthol and menthol pencil, which includes 1.0 menthol, 3.5 paraffin and 0.5 caeserin. Rub the whiskey with a menthol pencil for migraines and headaches.

Menthol and peppermint oil are used for runny nose, colds, flu; these substances have been used in the Ingacamf inhaler.

With angina pectoris, Validol is taken – a solution of menthol in methyl ester of isovaleric acid.

Pure menthol in the form of various alcohol (menovazin) and water preparations is used in the complex treatment of eczema, dermatitis, neurodermatitis, urticaria, pruritus.

Validol – 25-30% solution of menthol in methyl ester of isovaleric acid.

Zelenin drops consist of 0.2 parts of menthol. The tooth drops contain 3.1 parts of peppermint oil. Boromenthol (ointment) includes 0.5 parts of menthol. Also, menthol is part of such drugs as pectusin, menovazin, equatol, camphomen, ingacamf (pocket inhaler), Efkamon ointment, which is used for arthritis, myositis and neuralgia.


Literature

Grigoleit HG, Grigoleit P. Pharmacology and preclinical pharmacokinetics of peppermint oil. Phytomedicine. (2005)

The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 1960.

Kasyanov G.I. Natural food flavors – CO – extracts / G.I.Kasyanov, A.V.Pekhov, A.A.