What are the primary uses of Miltown (meprobamate). How should patients take this medication. What are the potential side effects and precautions associated with Miltown. How does Miltown interact with other medications.

Understanding Miltown: A Short-Term Anxiety Medication

Miltown, also known by its generic name meprobamate, is a medication primarily used for short-term treatment of anxiety and nervousness symptoms. This drug acts on specific brain centers to help calm the nervous system, providing relief for those experiencing acute anxiety episodes.

How Does Miltown Work?

Miltown belongs to a class of drugs called anxiolytics or anti-anxiety medications. It works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that helps reduce brain activity. This action results in a calming effect on the nervous system, alleviating symptoms of anxiety and tension.

Proper Usage and Dosage Guidelines for Miltown

Administering Miltown correctly is crucial for its effectiveness and safety. Here are the key points to remember:

• Take the medication orally, with or without food
• Typical dosing is 2 to 4 times daily
• Dosage is individualized based on age, medical condition, and treatment response
• Do not exceed the prescribed dose or frequency

Can patients adjust their Miltown dosage on their own. No, it’s essential to follow the doctor’s instructions precisely. Increasing the dose or taking the medication more frequently than prescribed won’t improve the condition faster and may increase the risk of serious side effects.

Long-Term Use Considerations

When Miltown is used for extended periods, patients may develop tolerance, requiring dosage adjustments. In such cases, doctors might need to increase the dose or change the medication. It’s crucial to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider if you notice a decrease in the medication’s effectiveness.

Potential Side Effects of Miltown: What to Watch For

Like all medications, Miltown can cause side effects. While many people tolerate the drug well, it’s important to be aware of possible adverse reactions:

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Excitement
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

Are these side effects typically severe. In most cases, these side effects are mild and transient. However, if they persist or worsen, it’s important to consult your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Serious Side Effects

While less common, some patients may experience more severe side effects that require immediate medical attention:

• Numbness or tingling in arms or legs
• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Fainting
• Signs of infection (e.g., persistent sore throat, fever)
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Signs of kidney problems (e.g., changes in urine output)
• Unusual tiredness

When should patients seek immediate medical help while taking Miltown. If you experience symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, such as rash, itching or swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat), severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Miltown and the Risk of Addiction: What Patients Should Know

One of the significant concerns associated with Miltown use is its potential for addiction. This risk may be higher in individuals with a history of substance use disorders.

Factors Influencing Addiction Risk

• Duration of use
• Dosage
• Individual susceptibility
• Personal or family history of substance abuse

How can patients minimize the risk of addiction to Miltown. To lower the risk of addiction, it’s crucial to take the medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Never increase the dose or frequency without medical supervision. If you have concerns about addiction potential, discuss them openly with your healthcare provider.

Withdrawal Symptoms: A Potential Challenge When Stopping Miltown

Abruptly discontinuing Miltown can lead to withdrawal symptoms, especially if the medication has been used for a long time or at high doses. These symptoms may include:

• Vomiting
• Shakiness
• Confusion
• In rare cases, seizures

To mitigate the risk of withdrawal, doctors typically recommend a gradual reduction in dosage. This tapering process allows the body to adjust to decreasing levels of the medication, minimizing the likelihood and severity of withdrawal symptoms.

Managing Withdrawal

If you experience withdrawal symptoms, it’s crucial to inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately. They can provide guidance on managing these symptoms and may adjust your tapering schedule if necessary.

Precautions and Contraindications for Miltown Use

Before starting Miltown, it’s essential to provide your healthcare provider with a comprehensive medical history. This information helps ensure the medication is safe and appropriate for you.

Medical Conditions to Disclose

• Porphyria (a certain liver/blood disorder)
• Kidney disease
• Liver disease
• Brain disorders (such as seizures or brain damage)
• Personal or family history of substance use disorders

Are there specific groups who should exercise extra caution when using Miltown. Yes, older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, particularly drowsiness and the risk of addiction. The increased drowsiness can also elevate the risk of falls in this population.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Considerations

Miltown should only be used during pregnancy when clearly necessary. The risks and benefits should be thoroughly discussed with a healthcare provider. The medication passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on nursing infants. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding while taking Miltown.

Drug Interactions: Miltown’s Compatibility with Other Medications

Miltown can interact with various substances, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you’re taking.

Substances That May Interact with Miltown

• Alcohol
• Marijuana (cannabis)
• Other medications causing drowsiness

Why is it important to avoid alcohol while taking Miltown. Both Miltown and alcohol can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Combining them can intensify these effects, potentially leading to dangerous situations, especially when operating machinery or driving.

Managing Drug Interactions

To minimize the risk of harmful interactions:

1. Keep an updated list of all medications and supplements you’re taking
2. Share this list with your doctor and pharmacist
3. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medications without your doctor’s approval
4. Avoid alcohol and marijuana use while taking Miltown

Miltown’s Impact on Daily Activities: Driving and Operating Machinery

Given its potential to cause drowsiness and dizziness, Miltown can significantly impact a person’s ability to perform tasks requiring alertness and coordination.

Safety Precautions

• Avoid driving until you know how the medication affects you
• Refrain from operating heavy machinery or engaging in activities requiring full alertness
• Be cautious when performing tasks that could be dangerous if you’re not fully alert

How long should patients wait before engaging in these activities after taking Miltown. The duration of Miltown’s effects can vary from person to person. It’s advisable to wait until you’re certain you can perform these activities safely, which may take several hours after taking the medication.

Allergic Reactions to Miltown: Recognizing the Signs

While rare, allergic reactions to Miltown can occur. It’s crucial to be aware of the potential signs of an allergic response and seek immediate medical attention if they occur.

Symptoms of Allergic Reaction

• Rash
• Itching or swelling, especially of the face, tongue, or throat
• Severe dizziness
• Difficulty breathing

What should patients do if they suspect an allergic reaction to Miltown. If you experience any signs of a serious allergic reaction, stop taking the medication immediately and seek emergency medical help. Even if symptoms seem mild at first, they can quickly escalate, so it’s better to err on the side of caution.

Long-Term Outlook: Managing Anxiety with Miltown

While Miltown can be effective for short-term anxiety management, it’s not typically recommended for long-term use due to the risk of dependence and tolerance. Your healthcare provider may suggest alternative strategies for managing chronic anxiety.

Alternative Anxiety Management Strategies

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Mindfulness and meditation practices
• Lifestyle modifications (e.g., regular exercise, stress reduction techniques)
• Other medications with lower risk of dependence

How can patients transition from Miltown to other anxiety management strategies. The transition should be gradual and supervised by a healthcare professional. They may recommend slowly tapering off Miltown while introducing alternative treatments or medications. This approach helps minimize withdrawal symptoms and ensures continuous management of anxiety symptoms.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Regular check-ins with your healthcare provider are essential when using Miltown. These appointments allow for:

• Assessing the medication’s effectiveness
• Monitoring for side effects
• Adjusting treatment plans as needed
• Discussing long-term anxiety management strategies

Remember, open communication with your healthcare team is crucial for optimal anxiety management and overall well-being.

Miltown Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Uses

This medication is used short-term to treat symptoms of anxiety and nervousness. It acts on certain centers of the brain to help calm your nervous system.

How to use Miltown Tablet

Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually 2 to 4 times daily. The dosage is based on your age, medical condition, and response to treatment.

Do not increase your dose or take this medication more often than prescribed. Your condition will not improve any faster, and the risk of serious side effects may be increased.

If you suddenly stop using this medication, you may have withdrawal symptoms (such as vomiting, shakiness, confusion, and rarely seizures). To help prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. Withdrawal is more likely if you have used meprobamate for a long time or in high doses. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if you have withdrawal.

When this medication is used for a long time, it may not work as well. Your doctor may need to increase your dose or change your medication. Talk with your doctor if this medication stops working well.

Though it helps many people, this medication may sometimes cause addiction. This risk may be higher if you have a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol). Take this medication exactly as prescribed to lower the risk of addiction. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse.

Side Effects

Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, excitement, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: numbness/tingling/swelling of arms/legs, fast/irregular heartbeat, fainting, signs of infection (such as sore throat that doesn’t go away, fever), easy bruising/bleeding, signs of kidney problems (such as change in the amount of urine), unusual tiredness.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking meprobamate, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to carisoprodol, mebutamate, tybamate, or carbromal; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: a certain liver/blood disorder (porphyria), kidney disease, liver disease, brain disorders (such as seizures, brain damage), personal or family history of a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol).

This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).

Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially drowsiness and addiction. Drowsiness can increase the risk of falling.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

This medication passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products that cause drowsiness, including alcohol, marijuana (cannabis), antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine), drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol), and opioid pain relievers (such as codeine).

Check the labels on all your medicines (such as allergy or cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.

Does Miltown Tablet interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: clumsiness, trouble speaking, severe dizziness/drowsiness, or slow/shallow breathing.

Do not share this medication with others. Sharing it is against the law.

Keep all medical appointments. Your doctor will periodically monitor your progress or check for side effects. Consult your doctor for more details.

If you are taking this on a regular schedule and you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Miltown: a game-changing drug you’ve probably never heard of

One in six Americans takes a psychiatric medication. The number of Canadians who got at least one prescription for psychotropic drugs went up 54 per cent between 1983 and 2007.

But to understand how Prozac and Zoloft became household words, you need to learn about Miltown.

There’s a good chance you’ve never heard of it — but at one time it Miltown took the United States by storm, and laid the foundation for the ways we treat anxiety today.

There’s a lot of cultural angst about how pharmaceutical companies market drugs to consumers — and a disconcerting sense that they serve a market they created for themselves. That discomfort becomes even more pronounced when we talk about drugs that treat anxiety and depression.

But according to Andrea Tone, author of The Age of Anxiety: A History of America’s Turbulent Affair with Tranquilizers, the history of psychiatric medicine doesn’t quite support that popular narrative.

An accidental discovery

Miltown — a tranquillizer with the chemical name of meprobomate — wasn’t created because a pharma executive thought that treating anxiety could lead to big bucks.

It was discovered by accident by Frank Berger, a brilliant scientist from Pilsen, the capital of West Bohemia, after he fled the Nazis in 1938.

It is the very first time that millions of Americans — and eventually doctors too — felt that it was okay to take a drug for every day ills.– Andrea Tone

He was working on a method of preserving penicillin  — and stumbled upon the chemical mephenesin, a relaxant that would eventually lead to the drug known as Miltown.

Berger had wanted the drug, which had the unique property of relaxing users while keeping them awake and alert,  to be classified as a sedative. But an associate eventually convinced him that the market was full of sedatives, and that what the world really wanted was tranquility.

Miltown — the first minor tranquilizer — initially took off without a big marketing push. In fact, Carter-Wallace, the healthcare company responsible for first putting it on the market, was initially reluctant to put it on the market. Far from medicalizing worry, pharma had to be persuaded there was enough worry to warrant a pill to treat it.

• Spanish fly, chemsex and ‘female Viagra:’ why drugs and sex don’t always mix

Hollywood triggers Miltown mania

Miltown’s introduction into the market was initially underwhelming, selling just  $7,500 dollars worth during the first month after its launch in May 1955. But by the end of that year, sales hit $2 million.

Hollywood  had discovered Miltown — and from then on, the pill became a cultural phenomenon. 

“When Hollywood understands that there’s this drug that isn’t going to knock you out like barbiturates, but is going to ease your anxieties some, it’s embraced in a way that I don’t think any other drug had been embraced before, or has been ever since,” said Tone.

Soon, it was a bona fide cultural phenomenon, appearing in New Yorker cartoons and on greeting cards. At parties frequented by celebrities, the pills were passed around like peanuts. There were even “miltinis” — cocktails with Cold War-inspired names, that combined alcohol with the pills.

Milton Berle, who was a giant star at the time, joked that he was so enamoured with the stuff, he should change his name to Miltown Berle.

“You don’t want a girl, you want a Miltown,” he joked to Elvis on his talk show.

It’s estimated that by late 1956, one in 20 Americans had tried Miltown.

• Drugs, more drugs, and rock & roll 

​What happened to Miltown?

If a drug could become so thoroughly engrained in American life — how is it that so few people have heard about it today?

In a sense, the drug changed the marketplace so thoroughly, it set the terms of its own demise. Other pharmaceutical companies watched as the popularity of the drug exploded, and saw limitless commercial potential, triggering a feverish race to discover the next best thing.

Benzodiazepines — which included Librium and Valium — soon came to dominate the tranquilizer market. By the early sixties, the era of Miltown mania was over.

But according to Andrea Tone, none of the present day market for anti depressants and anti-anxiety medications would have been possible without Frank Berger’s accidental discovery of Miltown.

​”It is the very first time that millions of Americans — and eventually doctors too — felt that it was okay to take a drug for every day ills, and in that sense it normalized the notion that people who didn’t have serious illnesses, who are just riding the roller coaster of the vagaries of life could pop a pill, and there’s nothing wrong with that,” she said.

“That idea, which was new, and phenomenal, has been enduring.”

• Nazis on meth, army vets on ecstasy: how drugs shape warfare

instructions for use, dosages, composition, analogues, side effects / Pillintrip

900 07

Page reviewed by pharmacist Kovalenko Svetlana Olegovna Last update 2020-04-05

Attention!
The information on this page is for healthcare professionals only!
The information is collected from open sources and may contain significant errors!
Be careful and double-check all the information on this page!

Top 20 medicines with the same ingredients: Meprotanum Meprozine 9Name

Description The name of the Miltown medicine is an automatic translation from the original language.
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Miltown

Composition

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Meprobamate

Therapeutic indications

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for the short-term treatment of anxiety, muscle tension and related anxiety.

Dosage and Administration

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Dosage

Adults: The recommended dose is 400 mg three times daily with an additional tablet at bedtime.

Older than : may respond to lower doses, with half the normal adult dose or less sufficient.

Children: Not recommended.

Administration

for oral administration.

Contraindications

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Use in patients known to be hypersensitive to the active substance or related compounds such as carisprodol or carbromal.

Use in patients with a known tendency to depend on drugs, including alcohol.

Use in patients prone to acute intermittent porphyria.

Miltown should not be used while breastfeeding. There is no evidence that drugs are safe during human pregnancy, nor is there evidence that they are free from danger. Miltown should not be used during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, unless there is a compelling reason.

Acute lung failure.

Respiratory depression.

Special Warnings and Precautions

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Patients should be advised to avoid or take these substances at reduced doses, as their resistance to alcohol and other central nervous system depressants may be reduced in the presence of dairy products.

The concomitant use of other CNS depressants in hepatic or renal insufficiency should be avoided.

The individual response to overdose is variable, but in some cases the symptoms may be severe. Therefore, caution is advised when prescribing Miltown to depressed patients or others who may be responsible for suicidal thoughts or intentions.

Use with caution in patients with respiratory disease or muscle weakness.

Miltown may cause seizures in patients with epilepsy, and Miltown withdrawal may cause seizures.

In some cases, a certain degree of dependence may occur if dosage recommendations are exceeded. This is more likely for people with emotionally unstable personalities if the drug is taken for a long time, or for others who have alcohol or other drug addictions. Symptoms of deprivation occurred with mild to severe severity. Severe reactions have been associated with high doses when the drug has been used for a long period of time and has been abruptly discontinued. Symptoms of tremor, insomnia, confusion, delusional tremor, and seizures occurred. Deaths were recorded very rarely. If the drug was gradually discontinued, withdrawal symptoms, if any, were usually mild. It is advisable to regularly monitor treatment and gradually withdraw treatment.

Safety and efficacy of Miltown have not been demonstrated beyond short-term use.

Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Description Effects on ability to drive and use machines Miltown is an automatic translation from the original language.
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This product may cause drowsiness or dizziness, which may affect the ability to drive or operate machinery.

Side effects

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Drowsiness and dizziness may occur, but these symptoms usually resolve when treatment is continued. Ataxia, hypotension, paresthesia, and paradoxical arousal may also occur.

Temporary nausea has been reported. Other gastrointestinal symptoms include vomiting, stomatitis, and proctitis.

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in approximately 2% of patients. These reactions include rash and may occur after one to four doses of the drug. They may be generalized or localized and include urticaria, pruritic maculopapular rash, or erythema. Severe systemic reactions have occasionally occurred with chills, chills and fever, nausea and vomiting, hypotension and collapse.

Rarely reported reactions that usually occur as part of a generalized hypersensitivity reaction include anaphylaxis, hyperpyrexia, angioedema, bronchospasm, oliguria and anuria.

Other reported dermatological reactions include erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and bullous dermatitis.

Blood disorders including non-thrombocytopenic purpura and rarely thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia and pancytopenia.

Withdrawal symptoms may occur if Milltown is abruptly discontinued after prolonged use (see Special Warnings and Precautions for Use).

Overdose

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Acute milk poisoning causes coma, shock, vasomotor and respiratory collapse. Very few suicide attempts have been successful and lethal doses between 12 and 47.6 g have been documented. Recovery occurred after taking similarly large amounts (20-40 g). Gastroisolation is only effective for a short time because milk is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Blood concentrations can be lowered by forced alkaline diuresis or hemodialysis. Breathing may require assistance.

Pharmacodynamics

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Miltown is a carbamate with hypnotic, sedative and some muscle relaxant properties. At therapeutic doses, its calming effect can have a direct effect on muscle relaxation.

Pharmacokinetics

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Miltown is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; Peak plasma concentrations occur one to three hours after ingestion. Milltown is common.

It is primarily metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine primarily as the inactive hydroxylated metabolite and its glucuronide conjugate. About 10% of the dose is excreted unchanged.

The half-life is six to seventeen hours, although this may be prolonged after chronic administration.

Elimination of Miltown may be prolonged in patients with chronic liver disease.

Preclinical Safety Data Sheet

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No one specified.

Interaction

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Nobody.

Special precautions for disposal and other handling

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No

Sources:

• https://www.drugs.com/mtm/meprobamate.html
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term= miltown

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How benzodiazepines began to cause anxiety

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Until the middle of the 20th century. many doubted whether psychiatry is a scientific discipline? At that time, a standardized nosology was not formed in it, a universal lexicon was not adopted, and, finally, psychiatry could not boast of such grandiose breakthroughs as the history of medicine at the beginning of the 20th century was filled with. Canadian psychiatrist Heinz Lehmann, the first to describe the effect of chlorpromazine and imipramine in North America (it is worth noting that the first descriptions of chlorpromazine were given in 1949 French surgeon Henri Labori – approx. PiN) recalled that in the 1930s. working as a psychiatrist was perceived as an “outcast career”, only “those who had nowhere else to go, or alcoholics” went into it.

After World War II, a biological revolution took place in psychiatry. The sphere of the mental is beginning to be described in terms of biochemistry, and this immediately raises the status of psychiatry as a science. The apotheosis and triumph of this revolution was the publication of DSM-III in 1980. This document contained everything that was expected from medical science (the main thing was diagnostic criteria).

When psychiatry began to use the achievements of neuroscience, the legacy of Freudian psychoanalysis was drowned in oblivion. Now the causes of diseases were looked for not in the psychology of family relationships, but in neurobiology, and if so, then mental illness should be treated in the same way as such “obvious” diseases like cancer or hypertension. If the source of the problem is biological in nature, then the chemical substance is called upon to solve the problem, and psychopharmacology has just arrived in time.

What does the history of anxiety look like in this context?

In 1871, the Da Costa Syndrome (“soldier’s heart”) was described – pain in the heart of a soldier who is afraid of battle. Since then, the history of the scientific study of anxiety has been counted. At the end of the XIX century. American physician George Miller Byrd coined the term “neurasthenia” for the state of “weakness” of the nerves. Neurasthenia was treated with alcohol and opium.

At the beginning of the twentieth century. the arsenal of medicines is enriched with barbiturates. Gradually their reputation deteriorates. The main problems with their use are: sedation, dependence, danger of fatal overdose. At 1951 New York Times writes that barbiturates are no different in the degree of harm from heroin and cocaine.

A turning point in the history of anxiety was the invention of the tranquilizer meprobamate, named for sale after the US city of Milltown. The appearance of Miltown occurred at that historical point where the needs of consumers met on the one hand, and on the other hand the possibilities of pharmacology. It was the 1950s, when new pills were viewed with great optimism, because humanity had just witnessed a great victory over infections thanks to the introduction of antibiotics. Another stroke for understanding the temporal context is that the Cold War is in the yard, the Americans are seriously preparing to move into underground bunkers after a nuclear strike. The consumer culture is simultaneously under the influence of the optimistic mood that science gives, and under the shadow of unsettling forebodings and public fears.

The company that invented Miltown has been slow to launch the drug. Invented in 1950, it appeared in pharmacies only in 1955. The fact is that just at that time a rule was established according to which such drugs must be sold by prescription. Marketers conducted a survey of doctors and found that most of them would not write prescriptions for anxiety medication. However, marketers’ fears were unfounded.

Milltown has become a sensation in the medical market. In the US, only 19In 1957, 35 million prescriptions were written (one prescription per second). In pharmacies one could see the signs “Miltown is over”, “Miltown will be tomorrow”.

Milltown’s success can be explained culturally. It was another realization of the dream that the quality of life could be changed with the help of modern chemistry. It was then, without irony, that they began to write about “pills for happiness”. Interestingly, Miltown was not opposed to psychotherapy; on the contrary, the 1955 article stated that it helps the patient to open up in dialogue with the psychotherapist.

Miltown showed other players in the pharmaceutical market where millions are made – not at all on drugs for arthritis and hypertension. The corporation that has captured the direction of the wind the best is Hoffman La-Roche. In 1960, it markets Librium (chlordiazepoxide), the first benzodiazepine tranquilizer. A few years later, the formula was modified and Valium (diazepam) was obtained.

Such is the peculiarity of the history of anti-anxiety drugs. They are developed not at universities and not on government grants, but in the heat of competition. The commercial success of Valium has overshadowed the success of all psychotropic drugs, and not just psychotropic ones. In Western countries at 1968-1987 Valium was the top selling drug. In 1978 alone, 2.3 billion tablets were sold.

In 1960 public criticism of tranquilizers is unfolding in the United States. Firstly, the idea of ​​“happiness pills” does not arouse support among countercultural youth, who rebel against the lifestyle of the average American, programmed for domestic success and clutching at anything to stay afloat in the financial and worldly sense of the word. Second, in the 1960s weakening confidence in pharmacology. One thalidomide tragedy is worth something.

Meanwhile, the US government is launching the so-called “war on drugs”, a crusade against the recreational use of any psychoactive substance. Since the late 1960s tranquilizers take their place in the figurative system of the “toxic”, non-ecological lifestyle of modern man. The Puritan view of the human psyche turned out to be incompatible with the achievements of modern psychiatry.

In 1970 The media is fueling a new topic related to tranquilizers – addiction. There are many stories published of ordinary people who were “hooked” by doctors on Valium. At 19In 1979, Senator Edward Kennedy initiated a Senate investigation into benzodiazepines, and at the first hearing he said: “The main drug problem in the US right now, apart from alcohol, is diazepam.”

As a result, by 1990 public opinion in the United States has changed so much that tranquilizers are treated like drugs, and their users, respectively, like drug addicts.