What are the main causes of rectal prolapse. How is rectal prolapse diagnosed and treated. What are the different types of rectal prolapse. Who is most at risk for developing rectal prolapse. What complications can arise from untreated rectal prolapse.

Understanding Rectal Prolapse: An Overview

Rectal prolapse is a condition where the rectum, the final portion of the large intestine, turns itself inside out and protrudes through the anus. This medical issue can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, causing discomfort, pain, and potential complications if left untreated. While the exact cause remains unknown, several risk factors have been identified.

Who is most susceptible to rectal prolapse? Women are six times more likely to experience this condition compared to men. Additionally, children of both sexes under three years old are commonly affected, although in their case, the prolapse often resolves on its own without surgical intervention. Adults over 65 years old also face an increased risk due to age-related muscle weakening.

Types of Rectal Prolapse: From Internal to External

Rectal prolapse is classified into three main types based on severity:

• Internal prolapse: The rectum has prolapsed but hasn’t protruded through the anus.
• Mucosal prolapse: Only the interior lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus.
• External prolapse: The entire thickness of the rectum protrudes through the anus, also known as complete or full-thickness prolapse.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. How does the progression of rectal prolapse typically occur? In the early stages, a portion of the rectum may slip out during bowel movements but retract on its own. As the condition worsens, manual repositioning may become necessary.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse

Identifying rectal prolapse early can lead to more effective treatment. The symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the condition but may include:

• Pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen
• Blood and mucus from the anus
• Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
• Difficulty passing bowel movements
• Visible protrusion of the rectum through the anus
• Excessive use of toilet paper for cleaning after bowel movements
• Leakage of liquefied feces
• Fecal incontinence or reduced bowel control

Is rectal prolapse always visible? Not necessarily. In cases of internal prolapse, the condition may not be immediately apparent and may require specific diagnostic tests for confirmation.

Unraveling the Causes and Risk Factors of Rectal Prolapse

While the exact cause of rectal prolapse remains elusive, several risk factors have been identified:

• Chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements
• Weakened pelvic floor and anal sphincter muscles
• Age-related muscle weakening
• Genetic predisposition
• Parasitic infections (rare in developed countries)
• Conditions increasing abdominal pressure (e.g., benign prostatic hypertrophy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
• Structural issues with rectum-anchoring ligaments
• Congenital bowel problems (e.g., Hirschsprung’s disease, neuronal intestinal dysplasia)
• Prior lower back trauma or disc disease

Can lifestyle changes help prevent rectal prolapse? Indeed, maintaining a healthy diet rich in fiber, staying hydrated, and avoiding prolonged straining during bowel movements can significantly reduce the risk of developing this condition.

The Link Between Rectal Prolapse and Other Medical Conditions

Interestingly, rectal prolapse can sometimes be associated with other medical conditions. For instance, about 11% of children with rectal prolapse also have cystic fibrosis. This connection underscores the importance of comprehensive medical evaluation, especially in young patients presenting with rectal prolapse.

Potential Complications of Untreated Rectal Prolapse

Leaving rectal prolapse untreated can lead to several complications:

• Damage to the rectum, including ulceration and bleeding
• Incarceration, where the prolapsed rectum can’t be manually repositioned
• Strangulation, resulting in reduced blood supply to the rectum
• Gangrene of the strangulated rectal section

How urgent is treatment for rectal prolapse? While not typically an emergency, prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent these potentially severe complications and improve quality of life.

Diagnostic Approaches for Rectal Prolapse

Diagnosing rectal prolapse typically involves a physical examination. In cases where the rectum retracts on its own after bowel movements, the patient may need to strain during the examination to demonstrate the prolapse. For suspected internal prolapse, additional diagnostic tests may be necessary:

• Ultrasound
• Specialized X-rays
• Anorectal manometry (measurement of anorectal muscle activity)

If rectal bleeding is present, further tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions such as bowel cancer. In children, testing for cystic fibrosis is often recommended due to its association with rectal prolapse.

The Role of Imaging in Rectal Prolapse Diagnosis

Advanced imaging techniques can play a crucial role in accurately diagnosing and assessing the extent of rectal prolapse. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) defecography, for instance, can provide detailed images of the rectum and surrounding structures during the process of defecation. This can help identify internal prolapse that might not be visible during a standard physical examination.

Treatment Options for Rectal Prolapse: From Conservative to Surgical

The treatment approach for rectal prolapse depends on various factors, including the patient’s age, the severity of the prolapse, and the presence of other pelvic abnormalities. Treatment options include:

1. Diet and lifestyle changes
2. Rubber band ligation for mucosal prolapse
3. Surgical intervention

Can dietary changes alone treat rectal prolapse? In some cases, particularly in young children, dietary modifications to address chronic constipation can successfully resolve the prolapse without the need for surgery.

Conservative Management: Diet and Lifestyle Modifications

For many patients, especially children and those with mild prolapse, conservative management is the first line of treatment. This approach typically involves:

• Increasing dietary fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Ensuring adequate hydration
• Engaging in regular physical exercise
• Using stool softeners or laxatives as recommended by a healthcare provider
• Pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the supporting muscles

These measures aim to reduce constipation and straining during bowel movements, which can exacerbate rectal prolapse.

Rubber Band Ligation: A Minimally Invasive Option

For cases of mucosal prolapse, where only the inner lining of the rectum protrudes, rubber band ligation may be an effective treatment. This procedure involves placing small rubber bands around the prolapsed tissue, cutting off its blood supply. The tissue eventually dies and falls off, leaving scar tissue that helps prevent future prolapse.

Surgical Interventions for Rectal Prolapse

When conservative measures are insufficient, surgery may be necessary to correct rectal prolapse. Surgical approaches can be broadly categorized into two types:

1. Abdominal procedures
2. Perineal procedures

The choice between these approaches depends on the patient’s overall health, the severity of the prolapse, and the surgeon’s expertise.

Abdominal Procedures

Abdominal procedures involve making an incision in the abdomen to access the rectum. These surgeries typically aim to:

• Secure the rectum to the sacrum (rectopexy)
• Remove a portion of the sigmoid colon if necessary (resection)
• Repair any associated hernias

Abdominal procedures can be performed open or laparoscopically, with the latter offering benefits of smaller incisions and faster recovery times.

Perineal Procedures

Perineal procedures are performed through the anus and are often preferred for older or higher-risk patients. These surgeries may involve:

• Removing excess rectal tissue (Altemeier procedure)
• Tightening the anal sphincter (Delorme procedure)

While perineal procedures generally have a quicker recovery time, they may have a higher recurrence rate compared to abdominal approaches.

Recovery and Prognosis After Rectal Prolapse Treatment

The recovery process and long-term outlook after rectal prolapse treatment can vary depending on the type of intervention. For patients undergoing conservative management, improvement may be gradual as dietary and lifestyle changes take effect. Surgical patients typically require a hospital stay of a few days to a week, followed by a recovery period at home.

What can patients expect during the recovery period? Post-surgical care often involves:

• Pain management
• Gradual return to normal diet
• Avoiding straining during bowel movements
• Pelvic floor exercises as recommended by the healthcare provider

Most patients experience significant improvement in symptoms following successful treatment. However, it’s crucial to maintain good bowel habits and follow medical advice to prevent recurrence.

Long-term Management and Follow-up

After initial treatment, ongoing management is essential to prevent recurrence and address any persistent symptoms. This may include:

• Regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider
• Continued dietary and lifestyle modifications
• Pelvic floor physical therapy
• Monitoring for signs of recurrence or complications

Can rectal prolapse recur after treatment? While treatment is often successful, recurrence is possible, particularly with certain surgical techniques. Patients should be aware of the signs of recurrence and seek prompt medical attention if symptoms return.

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Considerations

While not all cases of rectal prolapse can be prevented, certain lifestyle modifications can reduce the risk or help manage the condition:

• Maintaining a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation
• Staying adequately hydrated
• Avoiding prolonged straining during bowel movements
• Practicing regular pelvic floor exercises
• Managing chronic cough or other conditions that increase abdominal pressure
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the pelvic floor

How effective are preventive measures in reducing the risk of rectal prolapse? While these strategies can significantly lower the risk, it’s important to note that some factors, such as genetic predisposition or certain medical conditions, may still lead to rectal prolapse despite preventive efforts.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Recognizing the signs of rectal prolapse early and seeking prompt medical attention can lead to better outcomes. Early intervention may allow for more conservative treatment options and reduce the risk of complications. Patients experiencing any symptoms suggestive of rectal prolapse should consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate management.

Recent Advances in Rectal Prolapse Research and Treatment

The field of rectal prolapse management continues to evolve, with ongoing research aimed at improving diagnostic techniques and treatment outcomes. Some recent areas of focus include:

• Development of minimally invasive surgical techniques
• Exploration of biological meshes for rectopexy procedures
• Investigation of stem cell therapies for strengthening pelvic floor muscles
• Refinement of diagnostic imaging techniques for more accurate assessment

These advancements hold promise for enhancing the effectiveness of rectal prolapse treatment while minimizing surgical risks and improving patient quality of life.

The Role of Robotics in Rectal Prolapse Surgery

Robotic-assisted surgery is an emerging technique in the treatment of rectal prolapse. This approach combines the benefits of minimally invasive surgery with enhanced precision and control. Potential advantages of robotic surgery include:

• Improved visualization of the surgical field
• Greater range of motion for surgical instruments
• Reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery
• Potentially lower risk of complications

While robotic surgery shows promise, more research is needed to fully establish its long-term outcomes compared to traditional surgical approaches.

Rectal prolapse – Better Health Channel

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Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

The rectum is the last 20 cm or so of the large bowel. It is the temporary storage area for bowel motions. Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum turns itself inside out and comes out through the anus. Without treatment, the rectum will eventually need to be pushed back in manually.

Women are six times more likely to suffer rectal prolapse than men. Children of both sexes under the age of three years are also commonly affected by rectal prolapse, although the prolapse tends to resolve by itself without the need for surgery.

In the early stages of rectal prolapse, a portion of the rectum slips out while passing a bowel motion, but it goes back inside by itself.

Symptoms of rectal prolapse

The symptoms of rectal prolapse depend on the severity, but can include:

• Pain and discomfort felt deep within the lower abdomen
• Blood and mucus from the anus
• The feeling of constipation, or that the rectum is never completely emptied after passing a motion
• Difficulties passing a bowel motion
• Protrusion of the rectum through the anus
• The need to use huge quantities of toilet paper to clean up following a bowel motion
• Leakage of liquefied faeces, particularly following a bowel motion
• Faecal incontinence, or reduced ability to control the bowels.

Types of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is graded according to its severity, including:

• Internal prolapse – the rectum has prolapsed, but not so far as to slip through the anus. This is also known as incomplete prolapse
• Mucosal prolapse – the interior lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus
• External prolapse – the entire thickness of the rectum protrudes through the anus. This is also known as complete or full-thickness prolapse.

Causes of rectal prolapse

The exact cause of rectal prolapse is unknown, but risk factors include:

• Chronic constipation
• Straining to pass bowel motions
• Weakened pelvic floor muscles
• Weakened anal sphincter muscles
• Weakening of the muscles associated with ageing, since rectal prolapse is more common in people aged 65 years and over
• Genetic susceptibility, since it appears that some people with rectal prolapse have a blood relative with the same condition
• Parasitic infection, such as schistosomiasis – very rare in Australia
• Any condition that chronically increases pressure within the abdomen, such as benign prostatic hypertrophy, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Structural problems with the ligaments that tether the rectum to its surrounds
• Congenital problems of the bowel, such as Hirschsprung’s disease or neuronal intestinal dysplasia
• Prior trauma to the lower back
• Disc disease in the lower back.

Complications of rectal prolapse

Complications of rectal prolapse include:

• Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding
• Incarceration – the rectum can’t be manually pushed back inside the body
• Strangulation of the rectum – the blood supply is reduced
• Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

Diagnosis of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is diagnosed by examination. In cases where the rectum goes back inside by itself after passing a bowel motion, the person may have to bear down during examination by the doctor to show the prolapse in order to confirm the diagnosis.

In cases of suspected internal prolapse, diagnostic tests may include ultrasound, special x-rays and measurement of the anorectal muscle activity (anorectal manometry). If the person has experienced rectal bleeding, the doctor may want to do a number of tests to check for other conditions such as bowel cancer.

About 11 per cent of children with rectal prolapse have cystic fibrosis, so it is important to test young people for this condition too.

Treatment for rectal prolapse

Treatment depends on many individual factors, such as the age of the person, the severity of the prolapse, and whether or not other pelvic abnormalities are present (such as prolapsed bladder). Treatment options can include:

• Diet and lifestyle changes to treat chronic constipation – for example, more fruit, vegetables and wholegrain foods, increased fluid intake and regular exercise. This option is often all that’s needed to successfully treat rectal prolapse in young children
• Securing the structures in place with surgical rubber bands – in cases of mucosal prolapse
• Surgery.

Surgery for rectal prolapse

Surgery is sometimes used to secure the rectum into place. It can be performed through the person’s abdomen or via their anus. One operation involves tethering the rectum to the central bone of the pelvis (sacrum). Another operation is to remove the prolapsed part of the rectum and to rejoin the bowel to restore near-normal bowel function.

Although surgery through the abdomen may give better long-term results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction via the anus, since it is easier to recover from this procedure.

Before surgery for rectal prolapse

The day before surgery, you will be asked to fast, and may need to drink a special preparation to help flush out your bowels. Once you are in hospital, the anaesthetist will visit you to see what sort of anaesthetic is best for you. You may be given medication in the hours before the operation to prepare you for anaesthesia and make you feel drowsy.

Rectal prolapse operation procedure

The various types of surgery include:

• Laparotomy (open abdominal surgery) – the surgeon uses a single, large incision (cut) in the abdomen. Then the surgeon carefully moves aside the overlying organs. To stop the rectum prolapsing, it is lifted, pulled straight and stitched directly to the inner surface of the sacrum (central bone of the pelvis). Sometimes, a short length of bowel may be removed
• Laparoscopy (keyhole abdominal surgery) – laparoscopy may be possible in some cases. This involves inserting slender instruments through a number of small incisions in the abdomen. Recovery time following laparoscopy is usually quicker than open surgery
• Anal surgery – under anaesthesia, the surgeon gently pulls out the prolapsed bowel through the anus. The prolapsed section of bowel is usually removed and the structural damage repaired. The bowel is rejoined and returned back through the anus to restore normal bowel function and appearance.

Other forms of treatment for rectal prolapse

Surgery is the best option for severe rectal prolapse. Other possible forms of treatment may include:

• Lifestyle changes – including high-fibre diet, drinking plenty of water and getting regular exercise
• Change to toileting habits – such as not straining when trying to pass a bowel motion. This may require using fibre supplements or laxatives.

Immediately after surgery for rectal prolapse

After your operation for rectal prolapse or rectocele, things you can expect include:

• Hospital staff will observe and note your temperature, pulse, breathing and blood pressure.
• You will have an intravenous fluid line in your arm to replace fluids in your body.
• You will receive pain-relieving medications. Tell your nurse if you need more pain relief.
• You may have a catheter to drain off urine for the next day or so, or until you can empty your bladder by yourself.
• If you have a vaginal pack, this will be taken out later the same day or the day after surgery.
• You may be in hospital for three to six days following surgery.
• You will need to make follow-up appointments with your doctor.

Complications of surgery for rectal prolapse

Possible complications of surgery include:

• Allergic reaction to the anaesthetic
• Haemorrhage
• Infection
• Injury to nearby nerves or blood vessels
• Damage to other pelvic organs, such as the bladder or rectum
• Death (necrosis) of the rectal wall
• Recurrence of the rectal prolapse.

Taking care of yourself at home after surgery for rectal prolapse

Be guided by your doctor, but general suggestions include:

• Rest as much as you can.
• Avoid heavy lifting or straining for a few weeks.
• Don’t strain on the toilet.
• Take measures to prevent constipation, such as eating high-fibre foods and drinking plenty of water.
• After rectocele surgery, expect bloody vaginal discharge for about four weeks.
• Contact your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms, such as difficulties with urination, heavy bleeding, fever, or signs of infection around the wound sites.
• You can expect to return to work around six weeks after surgery.
• Attend follow-up appointments with your surgeon.

Long-term outlook after surgery for rectal prolapse

While surgery through the abdomen gives better results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction of rectal prolapse via the anus, since this procedure is less stressful on the body.

Surgery gives good results in most cases of rectal prolapse, but some people may find that symptoms such as constipation or the inability to completely empty the bowels continue.

Unfortunately for women with rectocele, the problem will recur after surgery in about 10 per cent of cases.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• Colorectal or general surgeon

Things to remember

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

Give feedback about this page

Was this page helpful?

More information

Content disclaimer

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 30-09-2014

Rectal prolapse – Better Health Channel

Actions for this page

Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

The rectum is the last 20 cm or so of the large bowel. It is the temporary storage area for bowel motions. Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum turns itself inside out and comes out through the anus. Without treatment, the rectum will eventually need to be pushed back in manually.

Women are six times more likely to suffer rectal prolapse than men. Children of both sexes under the age of three years are also commonly affected by rectal prolapse, although the prolapse tends to resolve by itself without the need for surgery.

In the early stages of rectal prolapse, a portion of the rectum slips out while passing a bowel motion, but it goes back inside by itself.

Symptoms of rectal prolapse

The symptoms of rectal prolapse depend on the severity, but can include:

• Pain and discomfort felt deep within the lower abdomen
• Blood and mucus from the anus
• The feeling of constipation, or that the rectum is never completely emptied after passing a motion
• Difficulties passing a bowel motion
• Protrusion of the rectum through the anus
• The need to use huge quantities of toilet paper to clean up following a bowel motion
• Leakage of liquefied faeces, particularly following a bowel motion
• Faecal incontinence, or reduced ability to control the bowels.

Types of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is graded according to its severity, including:

• Internal prolapse – the rectum has prolapsed, but not so far as to slip through the anus. This is also known as incomplete prolapse
• Mucosal prolapse – the interior lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus
• External prolapse – the entire thickness of the rectum protrudes through the anus. This is also known as complete or full-thickness prolapse.

Causes of rectal prolapse

The exact cause of rectal prolapse is unknown, but risk factors include:

• Chronic constipation
• Straining to pass bowel motions
• Weakened pelvic floor muscles
• Weakened anal sphincter muscles
• Weakening of the muscles associated with ageing, since rectal prolapse is more common in people aged 65 years and over
• Genetic susceptibility, since it appears that some people with rectal prolapse have a blood relative with the same condition
• Parasitic infection, such as schistosomiasis – very rare in Australia
• Any condition that chronically increases pressure within the abdomen, such as benign prostatic hypertrophy, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Structural problems with the ligaments that tether the rectum to its surrounds
• Congenital problems of the bowel, such as Hirschsprung’s disease or neuronal intestinal dysplasia
• Prior trauma to the lower back
• Disc disease in the lower back.

Complications of rectal prolapse

Complications of rectal prolapse include:

• Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding
• Incarceration – the rectum can’t be manually pushed back inside the body
• Strangulation of the rectum – the blood supply is reduced
• Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

Diagnosis of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is diagnosed by examination. In cases where the rectum goes back inside by itself after passing a bowel motion, the person may have to bear down during examination by the doctor to show the prolapse in order to confirm the diagnosis.

In cases of suspected internal prolapse, diagnostic tests may include ultrasound, special x-rays and measurement of the anorectal muscle activity (anorectal manometry). If the person has experienced rectal bleeding, the doctor may want to do a number of tests to check for other conditions such as bowel cancer.

About 11 per cent of children with rectal prolapse have cystic fibrosis, so it is important to test young people for this condition too.

Treatment for rectal prolapse

Treatment depends on many individual factors, such as the age of the person, the severity of the prolapse, and whether or not other pelvic abnormalities are present (such as prolapsed bladder). Treatment options can include:

• Diet and lifestyle changes to treat chronic constipation – for example, more fruit, vegetables and wholegrain foods, increased fluid intake and regular exercise. This option is often all that’s needed to successfully treat rectal prolapse in young children
• Securing the structures in place with surgical rubber bands – in cases of mucosal prolapse
• Surgery.

Surgery for rectal prolapse

Surgery is sometimes used to secure the rectum into place. It can be performed through the person’s abdomen or via their anus. One operation involves tethering the rectum to the central bone of the pelvis (sacrum). Another operation is to remove the prolapsed part of the rectum and to rejoin the bowel to restore near-normal bowel function.

Although surgery through the abdomen may give better long-term results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction via the anus, since it is easier to recover from this procedure.

Before surgery for rectal prolapse

The day before surgery, you will be asked to fast, and may need to drink a special preparation to help flush out your bowels. Once you are in hospital, the anaesthetist will visit you to see what sort of anaesthetic is best for you. You may be given medication in the hours before the operation to prepare you for anaesthesia and make you feel drowsy.

Rectal prolapse operation procedure

The various types of surgery include:

• Laparotomy (open abdominal surgery) – the surgeon uses a single, large incision (cut) in the abdomen. Then the surgeon carefully moves aside the overlying organs. To stop the rectum prolapsing, it is lifted, pulled straight and stitched directly to the inner surface of the sacrum (central bone of the pelvis). Sometimes, a short length of bowel may be removed
• Laparoscopy (keyhole abdominal surgery) – laparoscopy may be possible in some cases. This involves inserting slender instruments through a number of small incisions in the abdomen. Recovery time following laparoscopy is usually quicker than open surgery
• Anal surgery – under anaesthesia, the surgeon gently pulls out the prolapsed bowel through the anus. The prolapsed section of bowel is usually removed and the structural damage repaired. The bowel is rejoined and returned back through the anus to restore normal bowel function and appearance.

Other forms of treatment for rectal prolapse

Surgery is the best option for severe rectal prolapse. Other possible forms of treatment may include:

• Lifestyle changes – including high-fibre diet, drinking plenty of water and getting regular exercise
• Change to toileting habits – such as not straining when trying to pass a bowel motion. This may require using fibre supplements or laxatives.

Immediately after surgery for rectal prolapse

After your operation for rectal prolapse or rectocele, things you can expect include:

• Hospital staff will observe and note your temperature, pulse, breathing and blood pressure.
• You will have an intravenous fluid line in your arm to replace fluids in your body.
• You will receive pain-relieving medications. Tell your nurse if you need more pain relief.
• You may have a catheter to drain off urine for the next day or so, or until you can empty your bladder by yourself.
• If you have a vaginal pack, this will be taken out later the same day or the day after surgery.
• You may be in hospital for three to six days following surgery.
• You will need to make follow-up appointments with your doctor.

Complications of surgery for rectal prolapse

Possible complications of surgery include:

• Allergic reaction to the anaesthetic
• Haemorrhage
• Infection
• Injury to nearby nerves or blood vessels
• Damage to other pelvic organs, such as the bladder or rectum
• Death (necrosis) of the rectal wall
• Recurrence of the rectal prolapse.

Taking care of yourself at home after surgery for rectal prolapse

Be guided by your doctor, but general suggestions include:

• Rest as much as you can.
• Avoid heavy lifting or straining for a few weeks.
• Don’t strain on the toilet.
• Take measures to prevent constipation, such as eating high-fibre foods and drinking plenty of water.
• After rectocele surgery, expect bloody vaginal discharge for about four weeks.
• Contact your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms, such as difficulties with urination, heavy bleeding, fever, or signs of infection around the wound sites.
• You can expect to return to work around six weeks after surgery.
• Attend follow-up appointments with your surgeon.

Long-term outlook after surgery for rectal prolapse

While surgery through the abdomen gives better results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction of rectal prolapse via the anus, since this procedure is less stressful on the body.

Surgery gives good results in most cases of rectal prolapse, but some people may find that symptoms such as constipation or the inability to completely empty the bowels continue.

Unfortunately for women with rectocele, the problem will recur after surgery in about 10 per cent of cases.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• Colorectal or general surgeon

Things to remember

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

Give feedback about this page

Was this page helpful?

More information

Content disclaimer

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 30-09-2014

Rectal prolapse – methods of treatment, stages of prolapse, symptoms and complications

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Classification Symptoms Complications Diagnosis Treatment methods Prognosis Prevention

Rectal prolapse or rectal prolapse is a pathological condition
which is accompanied by the release of the mucosa beyond the boundaries of the anal sphincter. All layers of the diastal layer fall out
segment of the large intestine. The protruding segment in this case ranges from 2 to 20 centimeters and even more.

Often this disease is diagnosed in men, they account for 70% of clinical cases. In 30% pathology
occurs in women. Prolapse is predominantly formed in people of working age from 20 to 50 years, however
often occurs in babies 3-4 years old due to the specifics of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child
organism.

Causes of weakening of muscles and ligaments, which leads to prolapse of rectal nodes:

• hereditary predisposition;
• incorrect anatomical structure of the pelvic bones, shape and rectum and sigmoid colon, intestinal wall;
• prolonged defecation disorders: diarrhoea, constipation;
• excessive straining during urination;
• parasitic intestinal infections;
• injuries of pelvic nerves and muscles;
• regular excessive physical activity, hard work, heavy lifting;
• heavy or multiple childbirth in women;
• diseases of the nervous system.

Classification

The official classification of human rectal prolapse is used by specialists when developing a therapeutic
scheme. It provides for the distribution of pathology into three stages:

• Stage 1 (compensated) – the intestine falls out only during defecation and returns on its own
  in a natural position;
• stage 2 (subcompensated) – prolapse occurs during bowel movements and at high
  physical exertion, accompanied by insufficiency of the anal sphincter;
• stage 3 (decompensated) – prolapse of the rectum is observed even when walking, coughing, sneezing,
  accompanied by incontinence of feces, gases, severe insufficiency of the sphincter.

Specialists also distinguish two types of rectal prolapse:

• Hernia – Douglas pouch and anterior wall of the rectum move down, with weak muscles
  pelvic floor and constant high intra-abdominal pressure lead to prolapse of the intestine into the anal canal. Through
  time, all the walls are involved in the pathological process, and the sagging increases.
• Invaginated or internal prolapse – part of the rectum or sigmoid colon is embedded in the lumen
  other part of the intestine. In this case, the organ does not go outside, and the main symptom of pathology is regular
  strong pain attacks.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pathology occur both gradually and suddenly. An unexpected start is associated with sharp and intense
loads, stress. After such an episode, the rectum falls out, and the person feels sharp pains in the abdomen, up to
to pain shock.

More often, however, rectal prolapse develops gradually. As the pathology progresses, it becomes more
pronounced and signs of loss:

• sensation of a foreign body in the anus;
• abdominal pain that worsens with walking, exercise, defecation;
• incontinence, inability to hold back gases, stools;
• frequent false urge to defecate;
• sensation of incomplete bowel movements;
• frequent urination;
• secretion of mucus, blood from the anus;
• the formation of a solitary ulcer, mucosal edema (with internal prolapse).

Complications in the absence of treatment

The most dangerous complication that occurs when ignoring prolapse is the infringement of the prolapsed segment of the intestine.
Infringement appears with untimely intervention or when you try to set the prolapse on your own.
Accompanied by edema, increasing ischemia, impaired blood supply. If you do not seek help in time,
the outer portion of the tissues will be affected by necrosis (tissue necrosis).

Another complication that pathology leads to is solitary ulcers. Such wounds cause over time
bleeding leading to perforation.

In advanced stages of internal prolapse, acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis often occur. These are dangerous
conditions that pose a threat to human life.

Promotion! Free consultation with a surgeon about surgery

Take advantage of this unique opportunity and get a free consultation about elective surgery.

Diagnostics

A proctologist can diagnose rectal prolapse and the degree of bowel prolapse even without examination and analysis
symptoms. The prolapsed part of the organ has a cone-shaped, cylindrical or spherical shape, painted in
bright red or bluish tint. The mucous membrane is markedly swollen and bleeds on contact. On
in the early stages, you can set the intestine and restore the normal state of the tissues. If at the time of examination the prolapse is not
observed, the patient is offered to strain to provoke a prolapse.

During a digital examination, the doctor determines the tone of the sphincter, differentiates the disease from hemorrhoids and anal
polyps. After that, for an accurate diagnosis, identification of complications and the exact stage of the disease,
instrumental diagnostics, which includes:

• colonoscopy – to identify the causes of the pathology;
• barium enema – to detect functional changes in the colon;
• defectography (proctography) – to determine the degree of prolapse;
• anorectal manometry – to assess muscle function;
• endoscopic examination (sigmoidoscopy) – to detect intussusception, the presence of ulcers;
• endoscopic biopsy with tissue examination – is prescribed if a solitary ulcer is detected to exclude
  oncology of the rectum;
• gynecological examination – for women.

Methods of treatment of rectal prolapse

Conservative approaches are used only in the earliest stages of the disease. The main purpose of such events is
normalize stool and eliminate increased intra-abdominal pressure. Clinical recommendations include:

• high fiber diet;
• drinking plenty of water;
• laxatives;
• drugs to increase peristalsis;
• neurostimulation, which helps to regain control of the muscles in case of impaired innervation.

Surgical methods of treatment bring results in the later stages of the development of prolapse, as well as in cases where
when conservative therapy fails. There are many operations that help get rid of
pathology. They include:

• excision of the prolapsed section of the rectum;
• bowel fixation;
• plastic surgery of the anal canal, pelvic floor;
• colon resection;
• combined methods.

Resection of the prolapsed section is more often done predominantly by surgery
Delorme. The surgeon removes the mucous membrane and forms a new muscle layer in the anal canal area. Operation
has a low invasiveness and is suitable even for older patients with serious chronic pathologies.
Less commonly, resection of the prolapsed lobe is done by patchwork cutting according to Nelaton or circular removal according to Mikulich.

Among fixation methods, rectopexy is considered the most effective –
an operation in which the pelvic section of the intestine is attached to the walls of the pelvis, thus restoring the correct
organ anatomy. The operation is performed on patients under 50-55 years of age. In 97% of cases, organ prolapse is eliminated.

Anal plastic surgery helps narrow the anus with surgical sutures and wires,
synthetic materials. However, this group of methods has a high risk of recurrence, so it is rarely used.

Resection of the distal colon is necessary if the patient has a solitary ulcer or necrosis. Often
such an operation is combined with fixing operations.

SM-Clinic surgeons have experience in performing various types of prolapse surgery. Our clinicians in
are fluent in modern surgical techniques and successfully help patients get rid of pathological
bowel prolapse.

Forecast

Surgical treatment brings a positive result without recurrence in 80% of cases. In 70-75% of patients, as a result
treatment restores the evacuation capacity of the intestine. At the same time, 25-30% of patients develop disorders
transitory function.

Moreover, the earlier the patient seeks help, the more favorable the prognosis will be. Unfortunately, patients often go to
doctor only in the later stages of the development of pathology, when prolapse is already obvious, bowel functions are impaired, and in
tissues began to undergo irreversible changes. In this case, the risk of developing life-threatening complications increases in
times.

Prophylaxis

To prevent the disease, as well as to prevent relapse, doctors recommend eliminating factors that increase
intra-abdominal pressure and cause weakness of the pelvic floor muscles:

• avoid injuries in the pelvis, sacrum;
• physical activity, stress;
• treat constipation, flatulence, diarrhea;
• do not start urolithiasis, prostate adenoma;
• to prevent hacking agonizing cough.

Pathology develops as a result of a combination of several factors, so for prevention it is necessary to minimize all
risks.

Specialists in this field 21 doctors

Leading doctors 6 doctors

Petrushina Marina Borisovna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 42 years

Udarnikov, 19

m. Ladozhskaya

Make an appointment

Aramyan David Surenovich

Surgeon, coloproctologist, oncologist, mammologist

Work experience: 13 years Reception

Yaroslav Viktorovich Kolosovsky

Surgeon, mammologist, oncologist

Work experience: 17 years

Dybenko, 13k4

m. Dybenko Street

Sign up for an appointment

Karapetyan Zaven Surenovich

coloproctologist, surgeon and phlebologist

Work experience: 15 years

Dunaisky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninskiy avenue metro station

Make an appointment 90 003 Andrey Shishkin

Surgeon, phlebologist, proctologist. Candidate of Medical Sciences

Work experience: 13 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Maslennikov Dmitry Yurievich

Surgeon, proctologist, mammologist

Work experience: 16 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dybenko, 13k4

Dybenko street metro

Make an appointment

Show more
+15 doctors

Other doctors 15 doctors

Ardashov, Pavel Sergeevich

Coloproctologist-surgeon

Work experience: 9 years

Udarnikov, 19

persons Dybenko

Make an appointment

Bulkina Maria Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon

Work experience: 11 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prosveshcheniya metro station 9000 3

Make an appointment

Grinevich Vladimir Stanislavovich

Surgeon, oncologist, mammologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 27 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m.
Klyuev Andrey

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 16 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Nekrasov Roman Aleksandrovich

Coloproctologist and surgeon

Work experience: 8 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninsky pr. -t

Make an appointment

Petrova Vitalina Vasilievna

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 12 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prospekt Prosveshcheniya metro station

Make an appointment

Senko Vladimir Vladimirovich

Head of the Center for Surgery and Oncology

Work experience: 23 years Leninsky Prospekt

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m Prospect Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Sinyagina (Nazarova) Maria Andreevna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 8 years

Marshala Zakharova, 20

06
Sokolova Anna Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon. Candidate of Medical Sciences.

Work experience: 13 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Sol Anton Aleksandrovich

Work experience: 15 years

Vyborgskoye shosse, 17

metro Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Fomenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich

Surgeon, proctologist, oncologist

Work experience: 15 years

Marshal Zakharova, 20

m. Leninsky pr-t

Sign up for reception

Khangireev Alexander Bakhytovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 13 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dunaiskiy, 47

Dunaiskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Khokhlov Sergey Viktorovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 28 years old

Vyborg highway, 17

m. Prospekt Prospect

Sign up for reception

Chuprina Susanna Vladimirovna

Coloproctologist of the highest category

Work experience: 22 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Yalda Ksenia Davidovna

Coloproctologist

Work experience: 11 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Hide the list 90 003

Our offices in St.

Petersburg

6 branches

Center for Surgery Dunayskaya metro station

47 Dunaisky prospect

Dunaiskaya metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Surgery Center Ladozhskaya metro station

Udarnikov Avenue, 19/1

Ladozhskaya metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Center for Surgery Metro station “Leninsky Prospekt”

st. Marshal Zakharov, d.
daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Center for Surgery Prospekt Prosveshcheniya metro station

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17 building 1

Prospect Prosveshcheniya metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Surgery Center Kupchino metro station

Malaya Balkanskaya street, 23

Kupchino metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Center for Surgery Dybenko Street

Dybenko Street, 13k4

m. Dybenko street

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Rectal prolapse – methods of treatment, stages of prolapse, symptoms and complications

Prices Doctors Our centers

Classification Symptoms Complications Diagnosis Treatment methods Prognosis Prevention

Rectal prolapse or rectal prolapse is a pathological condition
which is accompanied by the release of the mucosa beyond the boundaries of the anal sphincter. All layers of the diastal layer fall out
segment of the large intestine. The protruding segment in this case ranges from 2 to 20 centimeters and even more.

Often this disease is diagnosed in men, they account for 70% of clinical cases. In 30% pathology
occurs in women. Prolapse is predominantly formed in people of working age from 20 to 50 years, however
often occurs in babies 3-4 years old due to the specifics of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child
organism.

Causes of weakening of muscles and ligaments, which leads to prolapse of rectal nodes:

• hereditary predisposition;
• incorrect anatomical structure of the pelvic bones, shape and rectum and sigmoid colon, intestinal wall;
• prolonged defecation disorders: diarrhoea, constipation;
• excessive straining during urination;
• parasitic intestinal infections;
• injuries of pelvic nerves and muscles;
• regular excessive physical activity, hard work, heavy lifting;
• heavy or multiple childbirth in women;
• diseases of the nervous system.

Classification

The official classification of human rectal prolapse is used by specialists when developing a therapeutic
scheme. It provides for the distribution of pathology into three stages:

• Stage 1 (compensated) – the intestine falls out only during defecation and returns on its own
  in a natural position;
• stage 2 (subcompensated) – prolapse occurs during bowel movements and at high
  physical exertion, accompanied by insufficiency of the anal sphincter;
• stage 3 (decompensated) – prolapse of the rectum is observed even when walking, coughing, sneezing,
  accompanied by incontinence of feces, gases, severe insufficiency of the sphincter.

Specialists also distinguish two types of rectal prolapse:

• Hernia – Douglas pouch and anterior wall of the rectum move down, with weak muscles
  pelvic floor and constant high intra-abdominal pressure lead to prolapse of the intestine into the anal canal. Through
  time, all the walls are involved in the pathological process, and the sagging increases.
• Invaginated or internal prolapse – part of the rectum or sigmoid colon is embedded in the lumen
  other part of the intestine. In this case, the organ does not go outside, and the main symptom of pathology is regular
  strong pain attacks.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pathology occur both gradually and suddenly. An unexpected start is associated with sharp and intense
loads, stress. After such an episode, the rectum falls out, and the person feels sharp pains in the abdomen, up to
to pain shock.

More often, however, rectal prolapse develops gradually. As the pathology progresses, it becomes more
pronounced and signs of loss:

• sensation of a foreign body in the anus;
• abdominal pain that worsens with walking, exercise, defecation;
• incontinence, inability to hold back gases, stools;
• frequent false urge to defecate;
• sensation of incomplete bowel movements;
• frequent urination;
• secretion of mucus, blood from the anus;
• the formation of a solitary ulcer, mucosal edema (with internal prolapse).

Complications in the absence of treatment

The most dangerous complication that occurs when ignoring prolapse is the infringement of the prolapsed segment of the intestine.
Infringement appears with untimely intervention or when you try to set the prolapse on your own.
Accompanied by edema, increasing ischemia, impaired blood supply. If you do not seek help in time,
the outer portion of the tissues will be affected by necrosis (tissue necrosis).

Another complication that pathology leads to is solitary ulcers. Such wounds cause over time
bleeding leading to perforation.

In advanced stages of internal prolapse, acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis often occur. These are dangerous
conditions that pose a threat to human life.

Promotion! Free consultation with a surgeon about surgery

Take advantage of this unique opportunity and get a free consultation about elective surgery.

Diagnostics

A proctologist can diagnose rectal prolapse and the degree of bowel prolapse even without examination and analysis
symptoms. The prolapsed part of the organ has a cone-shaped, cylindrical or spherical shape, painted in
bright red or bluish tint. The mucous membrane is markedly swollen and bleeds on contact. On
in the early stages, you can set the intestine and restore the normal state of the tissues. If at the time of examination the prolapse is not
observed, the patient is offered to strain to provoke a prolapse.

During a digital examination, the doctor determines the tone of the sphincter, differentiates the disease from hemorrhoids and anal
polyps. After that, for an accurate diagnosis, identification of complications and the exact stage of the disease,
instrumental diagnostics, which includes:

• colonoscopy – to identify the causes of the pathology;
• barium enema – to detect functional changes in the colon;
• defectography (proctography) – to determine the degree of prolapse;
• anorectal manometry – to assess muscle function;
• endoscopic examination (sigmoidoscopy) – to detect intussusception, the presence of ulcers;
• endoscopic biopsy with tissue examination – is prescribed if a solitary ulcer is detected to exclude
  oncology of the rectum;
• gynecological examination – for women.

Methods of treatment of rectal prolapse

Conservative approaches are used only in the earliest stages of the disease. The main purpose of such events is
normalize stool and eliminate increased intra-abdominal pressure. Clinical recommendations include:

• high fiber diet;
• drinking plenty of water;
• laxatives;
• drugs to increase peristalsis;
• neurostimulation, which helps to regain control of the muscles in case of impaired innervation.

Surgical methods of treatment bring results in the later stages of the development of prolapse, as well as in cases where
when conservative therapy fails. There are many operations that help get rid of
pathology. They include:

• excision of the prolapsed section of the rectum;
• bowel fixation;
• plastic surgery of the anal canal, pelvic floor;
• colon resection;
• combined methods.

Resection of the prolapsed section is more often done predominantly by surgery
Delorme. The surgeon removes the mucous membrane and forms a new muscle layer in the anal canal area. Operation
has a low invasiveness and is suitable even for older patients with serious chronic pathologies.
Less commonly, resection of the prolapsed lobe is done by patchwork cutting according to Nelaton or circular removal according to Mikulich.

Among fixation methods, rectopexy is considered the most effective –
an operation in which the pelvic section of the intestine is attached to the walls of the pelvis, thus restoring the correct
organ anatomy. The operation is performed on patients under 50-55 years of age. In 97% of cases, organ prolapse is eliminated.

Anal plastic surgery helps narrow the anus with surgical sutures and wires,
synthetic materials. However, this group of methods has a high risk of recurrence, so it is rarely used.

Resection of the distal colon is necessary if the patient has a solitary ulcer or necrosis. Often
such an operation is combined with fixing operations.

SM-Clinic surgeons have experience in performing various types of prolapse surgery. Our clinicians in
are fluent in modern surgical techniques and successfully help patients get rid of pathological
bowel prolapse.

Forecast

Surgical treatment brings a positive result without recurrence in 80% of cases. In 70-75% of patients, as a result
treatment restores the evacuation capacity of the intestine. At the same time, 25-30% of patients develop disorders
transitory function.

Moreover, the earlier the patient seeks help, the more favorable the prognosis will be. Unfortunately, patients often go to
doctor only in the later stages of the development of pathology, when prolapse is already obvious, bowel functions are impaired, and in
tissues began to undergo irreversible changes. In this case, the risk of developing life-threatening complications increases in
times.

Prophylaxis

To prevent the disease, as well as to prevent relapse, doctors recommend eliminating factors that increase
intra-abdominal pressure and cause weakness of the pelvic floor muscles:

• avoid injuries in the pelvis, sacrum;
• physical activity, stress;
• treat constipation, flatulence, diarrhea;
• do not start urolithiasis, prostate adenoma;
• to prevent hacking agonizing cough.

Pathology develops as a result of a combination of several factors, so for prevention it is necessary to minimize all
risks.

Specialists in this field 21 doctors

Leading doctors 6 doctors

Petrushina Marina Borisovna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 42 years

Udarnikov, 19

m. Ladozhskaya

Make an appointment

Aramyan David Surenovich

Surgeon, coloproctologist, oncologist, mammologist

Work experience: 13 years Reception

Yaroslav Viktorovich Kolosovsky

Surgeon, mammologist, oncologist

Work experience: 17 years

Dybenko, 13k4

m. Dybenko Street

Sign up for an appointment

Karapetyan Zaven Surenovich

coloproctologist, surgeon and phlebologist

Work experience: 15 years

Dunaisky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninskiy avenue metro station

Make an appointment 90 003 Andrey Shishkin

Surgeon, phlebologist, proctologist. Candidate of Medical Sciences

Work experience: 13 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Maslennikov Dmitry Yurievich

Surgeon, proctologist, mammologist

Work experience: 16 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dybenko, 13k4

Dybenko street metro

Make an appointment

Show more
+15 doctors

Other doctors 15 doctors

Ardashov, Pavel Sergeevich

Coloproctologist-surgeon

Work experience: 9 years

Udarnikov, 19

persons Dybenko

Make an appointment

Bulkina Maria Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon

Work experience: 11 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prosveshcheniya metro station 9000 3

Make an appointment

Grinevich Vladimir Stanislavovich

Surgeon, oncologist, mammologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 27 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m.
Klyuev Andrey

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 16 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Nekrasov Roman Aleksandrovich

Coloproctologist and surgeon

Work experience: 8 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninsky pr. -t

Make an appointment

Petrova Vitalina Vasilievna

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 12 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prospekt Prosveshcheniya metro station

Make an appointment

Senko Vladimir Vladimirovich

Head of the Center for Surgery and Oncology

Work experience: 23 years Leninsky Prospekt

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m Prospect Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Sinyagina (Nazarova) Maria Andreevna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 8 years

Marshala Zakharova, 20

06
Sokolova Anna Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon. Candidate of Medical Sciences.

Work experience: 13 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Sol Anton Aleksandrovich

Work experience: 15 years

Vyborgskoye shosse, 17

metro Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Fomenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich

Surgeon, proctologist, oncologist

Work experience: 15 years

Marshal Zakharova, 20

m. Leninsky pr-t

Sign up for reception

Khangireev Alexander Bakhytovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 13 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dunaiskiy, 47

Dunaiskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Khokhlov Sergey Viktorovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 28 years old

Vyborg highway, 17

m. Prospekt Prospect

Sign up for reception

Chuprina Susanna Vladimirovna

Coloproctologist of the highest category

Work experience: 22 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Yalda Ksenia Davidovna

Coloproctologist

Work experience: 11 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Hide the list 90 003

Our offices in St.