What are the most effective types of inhalers and nebulisers for treating bronchitis. How do different medications work to alleviate symptoms and improve breathing. Which treatment options are best suited for acute versus chronic bronchitis

Understanding Bronchitis and Its Impact on Respiratory Health

Bronchitis is a respiratory condition that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. It involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to symptoms such as persistent coughing, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing. While acute bronchitis often resolves on its own, chronic cases or severe acute episodes may require additional treatment.

Inhaled medications play a crucial role in managing bronchitis symptoms and improving lung function. These treatments come in two primary forms: inhalers and nebulisers. Each has its unique advantages and may be prescribed based on the severity of the condition and the patient’s specific needs.

Inhalers: Portable and Convenient Bronchitis Treatment

Inhalers are compact devices that deliver medication directly to the lungs through a short mouthpiece. They are easy to use and carry, making them ideal for on-the-go treatment. When activated, the inhaler releases a measured dose of medication that the user inhales deeply into their lungs.

Types of Inhaler Medications for Bronchitis

• Beta-2 agonists (e.g., albuterol, salbutamol)
• Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone)
• Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) (e.g., arformoterol tartrate, formoterol fumarate)

Do beta-2 agonists effectively treat acute bronchitis in adults. While the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews found limited evidence supporting their use in acute cases, these medications have shown benefits for individuals prone to frequent wheezing, even when not ill.

Inhaled corticosteroids are particularly useful in reducing airway inflammation, which is often heightened during bronchitis. They help alleviate symptoms by decreasing airway swelling, excess mucus production, and airway constriction.

Nebulisers: Delivering Medication Through Fine Mist

Nebulisers are devices that convert liquid medication into a fine mist, which is then inhaled through a mouthpiece or mask. They are particularly beneficial for individuals who may have difficulty using traditional inhalers, such as young children or those requiring larger doses of medication.

Advantages of Nebuliser Treatments

1. Easier administration for children and elderly patients
2. Delivery of larger medication doses
3. Effective for acute asthma attacks, pneumonia, and COPD
4. Suitable for treating both acute and chronic bronchitis

Common Nebulised Medications for Bronchitis

• Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs)
• Long-acting muscarinic agents (LAMAs) (e.g., umeclinium, tiotropium)
• Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
• Short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) (e.g., ipratropium bromide)

Are nebulisers more effective than inhalers for treating bronchitis. While nebulisers can deliver larger doses of medication, they may not be the best option for all adults with acute bronchitis. Nebulisers require special equipment and training to use effectively, making them more suitable for chronic conditions or severe acute cases.

Combining Medications for Enhanced Bronchitis Treatment

In some cases, healthcare providers may prescribe combination therapies to maximise the benefits of different medications. These combinations can target multiple aspects of bronchitis symptoms simultaneously, providing more comprehensive relief.

Popular Medication Combinations

• SABA-SAMA combinations
• LABA-LAMA combinations

By combining medications with different mechanisms of action, these treatments can offer more effective symptom management and improved lung function for individuals with chronic bronchitis or COPD.

The Role of Steam Therapy in Bronchitis Management

In addition to pharmaceutical treatments, some individuals find relief from bronchitis symptoms through steam therapy. This non-invasive approach can help soothe irritated airways and reduce coughing, particularly when cold air exacerbates symptoms.

Methods of Incorporating Steam Therapy

• Inhaling steam from a bowl of boiling water (maintain a safe distance of 8-12 inches)
• Taking hot showers
• Using a humidifier in the bedroom (ensure proper cleaning to prevent mold growth)

How does steam therapy benefit bronchitis patients. Warm, moist air can help loosen mucus, reduce airway irritation, and provide temporary relief from coughing. While not a replacement for prescribed medications, steam therapy can be a helpful complementary treatment for many individuals with bronchitis.

Tailoring Bronchitis Treatment to Individual Needs

The most effective treatment for bronchitis often depends on various factors, including the type of bronchitis (acute or chronic), the severity of symptoms, and the individual’s overall health status. Healthcare providers consider these factors when determining the most appropriate treatment approach.

Factors Influencing Treatment Choice

• Age of the patient
• Presence of underlying conditions (e.g., asthma, COPD)
• Severity and duration of symptoms
• Patient’s ability to use different delivery devices

Is one type of inhaled medication universally effective for all bronchitis cases. No single treatment works best for everyone. Healthcare providers may need to adjust medications or delivery methods to find the most effective approach for each individual patient.

Potential Side Effects and Considerations of Inhaled Bronchitis Treatments

While inhaled medications are generally safe and effective for treating bronchitis, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects and considerations associated with their use. Understanding these factors can help patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatment options.

Common Side Effects of Inhaled Bronchitis Medications

• Dry mouth or throat irritation
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Increased heart rate (particularly with beta-2 agonists)
• Tremors or jitteriness
• Oral thrush (with inhaled corticosteroids)

How can patients minimise the risk of side effects from inhaled bronchitis treatments. Proper inhaler technique, rinsing the mouth after using corticosteroid inhalers, and following prescribed dosage instructions can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing side effects.

Long-term Considerations for Chronic Bronchitis Treatment

For individuals with chronic bronchitis or COPD, long-term use of inhaled medications may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent exacerbations. In these cases, healthcare providers will carefully monitor patients for potential long-term effects and adjust treatment plans as needed.

Are there any risks associated with long-term use of inhaled bronchitis medications. While generally safe, prolonged use of certain medications (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids) may increase the risk of osteoporosis, cataracts, or other systemic effects. Regular check-ups and bone density screenings may be recommended for patients on long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy.

Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Bronchitis Treatment

As research in respiratory medicine continues to advance, new treatments and delivery methods for bronchitis are being developed. These innovations aim to improve efficacy, reduce side effects, and enhance patient compliance with treatment regimens.

Promising Developments in Bronchitis Treatment

• Smart inhalers with dose tracking and reminder features
• Novel drug combinations targeting multiple aspects of bronchitis pathophysiology
• Biologics for severe, treatment-resistant cases of chronic bronchitis
• Improved nebuliser designs for more efficient drug delivery

How might future bronchitis treatments differ from current options. Emerging therapies may offer more personalised approaches, targeting specific inflammatory pathways or utilising advanced drug delivery technologies to optimise treatment outcomes.

As our understanding of bronchitis and its underlying mechanisms continues to grow, treatment options are likely to become more sophisticated and tailored to individual patient needs. This ongoing progress in bronchitis management holds promise for improved quality of life for those affected by this common respiratory condition.

In conclusion, the management of bronchitis through inhaled medications, whether delivered via inhalers or nebulisers, plays a crucial role in alleviating symptoms and improving respiratory function. By understanding the various treatment options available and working closely with healthcare providers, patients can find the most effective approach to managing their bronchitis symptoms and maintaining optimal respiratory health.

Types of Inhalers and Nebulizers

Just when you think you’ve gotten over that respiratory infection, bronchitis hits. The coughing, chest soreness, and fatigue can really get you down.

While acute bronchitis will usually go away without prescription treatments, chronic or an especially nasty case of acute bronchitis may require some extra help.

We explain inhaled treatments for bronchitis, including nebulizer and inhaler treatments, and how they may help.

Inhalers are medications that are delivered through the mouth and to the lungs.

Usually this is a device with a short mouthpiece that connects to a small canister you press down on. When you press down and inhale, the medication enters your mouth and goes down into your lungs.

A doctor may prescribe a few different types of inhaler medications for bronchitis. These include the following:

Beta-2 agonists

Some of the most common inhaler medications are short-acting beta-2 agonists. These include medications like albuterol and salbutamol.

Doctors prescribe beta-2 agonists to treat:

• asthma
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• severe coughing that can come with acute bronchitis

These medications work by relaxing airway passages in the lungs, which can make it easier to breathe.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews analyzed the results of five different studies of beta-2 agonists as a treatment for acute bronchitis in adults.

They concluded that there’s little evidence to support the use of beta-2 agonists in adults with acute bronchitis.

However, they did find that inhalers helped people who tended to wheeze frequently, even when they weren’t sick.

Inhaled corticosteroids

Inhaled corticosteroids help to reduce airway inflammation. This can be helpful when you have bronchitis, because it’s usually after an upper respiratory infection and your lungs are already very irritated.

These medications won’t relieve a wheezing attack immediately, but they can help to reduce:

• airway swelling
• excess mucus
• tight airways

Examples of inhaled corticosteroids doctors prescribe include:

• beclomethasone
• budesonide
• fluticasone

Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs)

These medications are similar to short-acting beta-2 agonists like albuterol. They aren’t meant for acute attacks of wheezing, but rather reduce the risk of wheezing all day.

Examples of LABAs include arformoterol tartrate (Brovana) and formoterol fumarate (Oxeze, Foradil).

Doctors usually prescribe these with inhaled corticosteroids.

Nebulizer treatments are another form of inhaled medications. Instead of a short mouthpiece, nebulizer treatments usually have a longer mouthpiece and an air compressor that helps convert the medication to a fine mist.

Doctors often prescribe nebulizers to children who may have a harder time using an inhaler properly.

Instead of having to time the pumps to breathe medication in, a person just takes deep breaths in and out to take in the medication.

Nebulizers are also useful for people who may require larger amounts of inhaled medications, such as those for:

• acute asthma attacks
• pneumonia
• COPD

A doctor would usually prescribe nebulized medications to treat acute bronchitis in children or for chronic bronchitis in adults.

Examples of nebulized medications include:

• Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs). These medications are usually the same as those available for inhalers.
• Long-acting muscarinic agents (LAMAs). These medications work on different receptors in the lungs than beta-agonists to help open up the airways so you can breathe better. Examples of these medicines include umeclinium (Ellipta) and tiotropium (HandiHaler, Respimat).
• Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs). Like with traditional inhalers, a person can use albuterol in a nebulizer. These are mostly for acute attacks in bronchitis, such as wheezing.
• Short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs). These are medications like ipratropium bromide (Atrovent). Doctors prescribe them to treat chronic bronchitis and COPD.

Many of these medications are available in combination, such as SABA-SAMA or LABA-LAMA.

Nebulized medications may not be as good a fit for adults without COPD, because nebulizers require special equipment and teaching to use.

Ideally, a person with acute bronchitis wouldn’t need this type of equipment.

In addition to nebulizers and inhalers, some people may inhale warm, humidified air (steam) at home to improve their breathing.

Sometimes cold air can irritate the lungs and worsen coughing when you have bronchitis. Warm, moist air may help you feel better and reduce coughing.

Here are some ways you can incorporate steam or mist therapy into your bronchitis treatments:

• inhale steam from a bowl of boiling water, while hovering at least 8 to 12 inches away with a towel over your head to hold the steam in
• take a hot shower
• use a humidifier in your room, but be sure to carefully clean it after use

Many drugstores also sell plugin steam inhalers.

The side effects from inhalers and nebulizer treatments depend upon the type used. Examples of side effects include the following:

• Beta-2 agonists may cause tremors, nervousness, and shakiness.
• Corticosteroids can causesore mouth, cough, hoarse voice, or nosebleeds. Oral thrush can develop if a person doesn’t rinse their mouth out after use.
• LABAs can cause heart palpitations and tremors.
• LAMAs may cause constipation, dry mouth, and urinary retention.

If you experience any of these when you use an inhaler or nebulizer, talk to your doctor about ways to minimize these side effects. You can also find out if other medications are available.

They may suggest using a spacer device, which maximizes the delivery of the medication to the lungs. This minimizes the settling of medication to the back of the throat, which can lead to side effects.

With treatment and rest, you’ll ideally recover within about 1 to 2 weeks. It may take a bit longer for some people.

If your symptoms, especially your cough, persist beyond 3 weeks, consider scheduling another appointment with your doctor.

A doctor can evaluate you for other potential coughing causes, such as:

• asthma
• sinusitis
• COPD
• gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• heart failure
• pulmonary embolism

According to StatPearls, doctors may misdiagnose as many as one-third of patients with bronchitis when the patients actually have asthma.

You should talk with a doctor if you have a cough that persists after an upper respiratory infection, and it keeps you from completing everyday activities or starts to make your chest hurt.

If you have a fever that accompanies your symptoms, your infection may be bacterial. A doctor can prescribe antibiotics that can help bronchitis go away.

If your cough persists after 3 weeks, you may need to make another appointment with your doctor. Bronchitis will usually subside by this time, so you could have another medical condition.

Sometimes, bronchitis can lead to pneumonia. This is a severe lung infection.

Seek emergency medical treatment if you have worsening symptoms like:

• shortness of breath
• blue-tinted lips or fingernails
• confusion

Doctors usually treat bronchitis by treating its symptoms.

If your symptoms include wheezing and coughing, your doctor may prescribe an inhaler or nebulizer. These may help you manage your symptoms until you start feeling better.

Things To Know About Using a Nebulizer for Bronchitis

Akanksha Nigam
Article published Jan 10, 2023
Article updated Jun 26, 2023

Having a cough can be very painful. The constant coughing and the struggle to clear mucous from the lungs can be exhausting. One of the common causes of cough is bronchitis, an inflammation in the lining of the bronchi or the tubes that carry air to the lungs. People suffering from bronchitis often cough up thicker, discolored mucus.

Bronchitis is a symptom of COPD and can be acute or chronic. 

The underlying cause of acute bronchitis could be a cold or flu. Viral or bacterial infections settle in the lungs and develop into bronchitis.

The initial symptoms of acute bronchitis are sore throat and congestion, with the eventual development of a dry cough which can happen to adults and children. Other symptoms, like mild headache or body aches, fever, and chest discomfort, usually disappear within 3 to 10 days, but a cough can last for a long time.

If you have repeated episodes of bronchitis, it may be chronic bronchitis. This happens when exposed to environmental toxins like dust, pollen, and other contaminants and is very common in smokers. Chronic bronchitis can be treated using nebulizers, but there is no cure for it.

How do Nebulizers Treat Bronchitis? 

Over-the-counter medicines and other home remedies for allergies may not be enough to treat bronchitis, and your doctor might prescribe an inhalable medication.

These medicines relax and widen the bronchi muscles, drain mucus from the lungs, reduce tightness in the chest, and increase airflow. Generally, inhalers are used to take these medicines. However, an inhaler requires strong, coordinated breaths and therefore may not be good for some.

A nebulizer is a small machine that converts liquid medicine into smaller mist particles that are easy to breathe and is an easier alternative to inhaler spacer  It delivers medicine directly into the lungs via pressurized air. You sit with the nebulizer machine and use a mouthpiece or a mask (nebulizer supplies) to breathe the medicine deep into your lungs. The treatment usually takes just a few minutes and can be done 3 to 4 times daily.

A nebulizer comes equipped with a mask, medicine cup, mouthpiece, tubing, and compressor. It is considered very easy to use, requiring minimum cognitive abilities and no manual dexterity, and can be used at home. 

Nebulizer therapy is necessary when a patient is not breathing fully and deeply since it does not require forceful inhalation.

Where to buy Nebulizers?

HPFY carries a wide range of nebulizers and compressors for respiratory treatments. Some of our best sellers are:

1. Philips Respironics InnoSpire Essence Nebulizer System

FSA Approved

An economical and effective choice for treating respiratory problems. It provides consistent aerosol medication delivery quickly and offers long-lasting relief. The SideStream nebulizer with Active Venturi System gives additional airflow for faster drug delivery.

Features of Philips Respironics InnoSpire Essence Nebulizer System

• Sleek and attractive design
• Easy-to-attach tubing for arthritic patients
• Quick and fast treatment
• Lightweight and FSA approved

2. Pari Trek S Portable Compressor Nebulizer Aerosol System

FSA Approved

Get fast and effective treatments on the go! It delivers fast and efficient aerosol treatments anytime and anywhere. It has a Pari LC Sprint Reusable Nebulizer for consistent particle size for optimal medication delivery and ensures minimum wastage.

Features of Pari Trek S Portable Compressor Nebulizer Aerosol System

• Battery lasts for up to 8 treatments
• Extremely quiet piston pump compressor
• Carrying case included
• Portable, compact, and light-weight

3. Drive Disposable Nebulizer Kit

FSA Approved

Improve your breathing ability for a healthy life with this nebulizer kit. It can be used 3 to 4 times a day and provides 80% of particles in the respirable range. The nebulizer mouthpiece allows the user to inhale the medication effectively and enhances the functioning of the lungs.

Features of Drive Disposable Nebulizer Kit

• Easy-to-use, portable, and disposable
• Fast nebulization times
• Greater particle density
• Easy-to-clean

5. Respironics Sidestream Reusable Nebulizer

FSA Approved

Ease your breathing problem with this nebulizer. It uses the Venturi system to provide optimal airflow and speed up the treatment time. It has an efficient drug delivery where 80% of medication output volume is below 5 microns in size.

Features of Respironics Sidestream Reusable Nebulizer

• Highly efficient drug delivery
• Usable with a nebulizer mask or mouthpiece
• Delivers 2.5ml of drug within 7 minutes
• FSA Approved

Nebulizers are an effective way to use inhalation medication to treat bronchitis. They do not restrict mobility and deliver medicines directly to the lungs. They also provide options to use a mouthpiece or a mask, whichever is preferred. Although this type of therapy cannot cure bronchitis, a nebulizer can help maintain and improve the state of the illness. Always consult your doctor if you feel any unusual symptoms while using inhalation therapy.

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Treatment of bronchitis: symptoms, drugs, inhalations

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Bronchitis is an infectious inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, most often associated with a viral infection.

Treatment of bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi is manifested primarily by a hacking dry or wet cough, combined with shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and sometimes wheezing. This condition greatly reduces the quality of life. In addition, bronchitis can be complicated by a bacterial infection, which leads to the development of a dangerous complication – pneumonia. To prevent this, you need to start treatment on time ^[1] . What means are used for this purpose? And how to choose an inhaler for inhalation therapy?

Bronchitis: non-pharmacological methods of treatment

Bronchus is an airway through which the air flow is carried to the respiratory departments. In healthy people, the bronchial mucosa produces bronchial secretions. With inflammation of the respiratory mucosa, the volume of bronchial mucus increases much, it becomes thicker, which disrupts its excretion. One of the main goals of treatment is to facilitate the removal of excess sputum from the respiratory tract. “Home”, non-drug methods of treatment help to achieve this ^[1] .

Drinking plenty of fluids

Helps relieve coughs, sore throats that can accompany bronchial inflammation, and helps to eliminate toxins and restore fluid loss. With bronchitis, you need a sufficient amount of drinks – from 2 liters. An adult can drink up to 4 liters of fluid per day ^[1,2] .

To compensate for fluid loss, it is recommended to drink water, juices, herbal tea. In the cool season, a warm drink is good: tea with raspberries, honey, lime blossom, warmed alkaline mineral water ^[1,2] .

Diet

Since bronchitis often causes inflammation of the throat, it is important to follow a sparing diet. Food should not irritate the throat, so it is recommended to give preference to non-spicy, non-salted, non-hot dishes ^[1] .

Humidification

Dry air can irritate the cough receptors in the airways and provoke coughing fits. In addition, with insufficient moisture, the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract can dry out, and the viscosity of the bronchial secretion can increase, while the tasks of treating bronchitis are moisturizing the mucous membrane and thinning the sputum ^[1] .

To achieve them and relieve coughing, it is important to provide optimal conditions by controlling the humidity of the air. To do this, you can use room humidifiers or even just hang wet towels in the room. It is especially important to humidify the air during the cold season, when houses and apartments are heated ^[1] .

Bronchitis and lifestyle

Bronchitis may require lifestyle changes. An adult should stop smoking or reduce the number of cigarettes. To speed up recovery, when health permits, it is recommended to walk in the fresh air – such walks help to improve coughing, normalize sleep and alleviate the general condition. Both an adult and a child should dress according to the weather – so that it is neither cold nor hot ^[1] .

It is important to understand that non-pharmacological, folk remedies for bronchitis, despite their certain effectiveness, are usually not enough to speed up recovery and prevent complications. Therefore, with inflammation of the bronchi, the doctor prescribes drugs, more often in combination.

Comprehensive treatment helps to influence different stages of the disease process and achieve a good result, including with severe cough ^[1] . Consider what drugs can be prescribed for the treatment of acute bronchitis.

Antibacterial agents

The most common causative agents of acute inflammation of the bronchi are viruses, against which antibiotics are powerless. The so-called bacterial bronchitis is rather an exception to the rule. Bacterial infection causes disease only occasionally, usually in people with serious illnesses ^[1] .

A doctor may prescribe antibiotic treatment for bronchitis when there are convincing symptoms that suggest a bacterial infection, such as ^[1] :

• prolonged fever – more than 5 days;
• severe cough with profuse purulent sputum;
• increased heart rate – more than 100 beats per minute;
• an alarming symptom – shortness of breath and some others.

Antibiotics are more commonly prescribed for bronchitis in older adults because their immune defenses are usually weakened, which increases the risk of bacterial complications.

Bronchitis: cough treatment

To help clear excess mucus and relieve coughing, your doctor may prescribe a number of drugs with different mechanisms of action.

Treatment with expectorants improves the excretion of very viscous, thick sputum. Expectorants increase the activity of the mucous glands located in the bronchi, thereby increasing the production of bronchial mucus and reducing its viscosity ^[3] . In addition, expectorants can increase the cough reflex itself.

Medications called mucolytics (or secretolitics) relieve cough, thin sputum without significantly changing its amount ^[3] .

Sometimes a doctor may prescribe cough medicine for an adult or child. The need for them may arise when the cough with bronchitis is dry, painful. Antitussives do not affect the production of sputum and its discharge. They block the cough center or receptors located in the airways, stopping the reflex itself ^[4] .

Antitussive drugs should not be taken with dry or wet cough in combination with expectorants: in such a situation, the volume of sputum increases, and its excretion completely stops. The accumulation of mucus in the airways can contribute to the development of a bacterial infection and pneumonia. To avoid complications, it is important not to take cough medicines without a doctor’s prescription ^[5] .

Bronchodilator for cough

Sometimes, to treat bronchitis, your doctor may prescribe drugs that relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi and widen their lumen, called bronchodilators. They help make breathing easier (for example, if shortness of breath or bronchospasm occurs), improve sputum production, reduce coughing, and speed up recovery. It has been proven that when taking bronchodilators, the duration of a strong cough decreases. But this does not mean that these funds are necessary for all patients with bronchitis ^[1] .

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxants are recommended primarily for severe, painful, wet coughs. Drugs in this group can only be prescribed by a doctor – they are all dispensed only by prescription ^[1] .

Inhalation with a nebulizer for bronchitis

One of the effective ways to treat inflammation of the airways and bronchi is inhalation treatment. For inhalation when coughing, drugs of different groups can be used: expectorants, mucolytics, bronchodilators, sodium chloride solutions.

In order to deliver drugs to the site of inflammation, that is, to the respiratory tract, you need an inhaler that helps convert the drug into fine dust. This task is handled by a nebulizer. It generates and atomizes the smallest aerosol particles by compressing air or oxygen. Since these particles have a small diameter (on average 5 µm), they easily penetrate into all sections of the bronchial tree, reaching the foci of inflammation ^[3] .

The inhalation route is considered to be one of the best ways to administer drugs to the respiratory tract. The nebulizer ensures the rapid flow of the drug to the destination area, where the pathogenic process has arisen – into the bronchial tree. This helps to increase the rate of onset of the therapeutic effect and the activity of the drug. At the same time, the drug does not penetrate the digestive tract, thereby reducing the risk of side effects ^[3] .

One of the advantages of inhaled cough treatment with modern nebulizers is the ease of use. Inhalation can be conveniently done at home, including adults, children, and even infants ^[3] .

How is cough in chronic bronchitis treated?

Sometimes the inflammatory process of the bronchi takes a long time, chronically. Usually inflammation is accompanied by a wet cough. Several times a year, with chronic bronchitis, exacerbations (acute bronchitis) can develop, in which the condition worsens sharply. Sometimes chronic bronchitis begins in childhood and lasts until adulthood ^[5] .

Treatment of chronic bronchitis is a complex task that only a doctor can solve. Therapy regimen can be complex, combined and include antibiotics, bronchodilators, nebulizers, cough medicines and other drugs ^[5] . Therefore, when coughing and other symptoms of bronchitis appear, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

List of sources:

1. Sinopalnikov A. I. Acute bronchitis in adults // Practical pulmonology, 2005. No. 3.

2. Federal clinical guidelines for the provision of medical care to children with acute respiratory viral infection (acute nasopharyngitis), 2013

3. Blokhin B.M. 2015. V. 23. No. 3. S. 169-173.

4. Volkov AV Antitussive, mucolytic and expectorant drugs. What to choose? //RMJ, 2008. T. 16. No. 4. S. 239-241.

5. Smirnova M. O., Sorokina E. V. Bronchitis in children: principles of modern therapy // Difficult patient, 2009. T. 7. No. 8-9.

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Bronchitis. Treatment of bronchitis in a child. Inhalations for bronchitis

February 21, 2021

What is bronchitis and what causes it

With bronchitis, the mucous membranes of the bronchi are inflamed, sputum secretion increases, breathing becomes difficult. The disease is common in children, as well as in immunocompromised adults. Among the causes of the disease, the following can be noted:

• Viruses (influenza, adenoviruses, etc. ).
• Bacteria (streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus, etc.).
• Allergens (dust, plant pollen, pet hair, etc.).
• Toxic substances (aldehydes, nitric oxide, hydrochloric acid, etc.).

A high risk of developing bronchitis applies to active and passive smokers, people with reduced immune defenses or a genetic predisposition, and those who are exposed to adverse environmental factors at home or at work.

What types of bronchitis are there

The disease comes in two main forms:

• Sharp . Acute bronchitis is accompanied by a wet cough and sputum. The disease lasts 1.5-2 weeks in the absence of complications.
• Chronic . A progressive disease in which there is a change in the bronchial structure, a weakening of the main functions of the bronchi. Chronic bronchitis is diagnosed if the disease is regular and lasts at least 3 months a year for 2 years in a row. For this form of bronchitis, treatment includes, in addition to the standard treatment regimen, a general improvement of the body.

Acute bronchitis occurs in children in the following forms:

• Plain. Bronchial mucosa affected. There are symptoms of acute bronchitis.
• Obstructive. Wheezing, whistles are heard. Breathing is rapid, labored.
• Bronchiolitis. Inflammation of the bronchioles, which is accompanied by rapid breathing (40-50 breaths per minute). Heart palpitations may occur.

How to treat bronchitis – depends on the type of disease, the characteristics of the course of the disease and the patient’s condition.

Symptoms of bronchitis in children and adults

Bronchitis in children and adults is accompanied by a dry cough, which turns into a wet one on the 2-3rd day of the disease. If bronchitis is of infectious origin, the following symptomatic picture is observed:

• Increased body temperature.
• Breathing is hard, wheezing is heard, in some cases – difficulty breathing and shortness of breath.
• Weakness, general malaise.
• Discomfort in the chest.

Wet cough in bronchitis accompanied by sputum. The color of sputum determines the nature of the disease and the presence of complications.

• White and translucent white sputum indicates the normal course of the disease.
• A yellow discharge often indicates the presence of a bacterial infection.
• Green secret appears with the development of pneumonia, fungal infection, lung abscess.
• Brown discharge is a sign of chronic bronchitis or severe lung disease. Before treating bronchitis, you need to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.

If diagnosed with bronchitis

The treatment of bronchitis with a nebulizer is highly effective, since the medicinal preparation enters the bronchi directly and begins to act.