What are the main types of liver problems. How do infections affect liver health. Can immune system disorders impact the liver. Are certain liver conditions hereditary. What lifestyle factors contribute to liver disease.

The Vital Role of the Liver in Human Health

The liver is a powerhouse organ, performing numerous essential functions that keep our bodies running smoothly. It processes nutrients, filters toxins, and aids in energy production. When liver function is compromised, it can have far-reaching effects on overall health.

Why is the liver so crucial for our well-being? This organ acts as a metabolic hub, converting the food we eat into substances our body can use. It also serves as a natural detoxifier, breaking down harmful compounds and removing them from our bloodstream. Additionally, the liver plays a key role in producing bile, which is necessary for fat digestion.

Viral Hepatitis: A Major Threat to Liver Health

Viral hepatitis is one of the most common causes of liver inflammation and damage. There are several types of hepatitis viruses, each with its own characteristics and potential for long-term harm.

Hepatitis A: The Short-Term Liver Invader

Hepatitis A is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water. How long does hepatitis A usually last? In most cases, it resolves on its own within six months without causing permanent liver damage. Many people infected with hepatitis A may not even experience symptoms, making it a silent but potentially contagious condition.

Hepatitis B: The Chronic Liver Threat

Hepatitis B is spread through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids. Can hepatitis B become a long-term problem? If the infection persists for more than six months, it is considered chronic and significantly increases the risk of developing liver cancer or other serious liver diseases.

Hepatitis C: The Silent Liver Destroyer

Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. Why is hepatitis C particularly concerning? Its symptoms may not appear for years, allowing the virus to silently damage the liver over time. Baby boomers are at higher risk for hepatitis C and should be tested, though the exact reasons for this increased risk are not fully understood.

Autoimmune Disorders Affecting the Liver

In some cases, the body’s immune system can mistakenly attack liver cells or structures, leading to various autoimmune liver disorders.

Autoimmune Hepatitis: When the Body Attacks the Liver

Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the immune system targets liver cells, causing inflammation and potential liver failure. Who is most at risk for autoimmune hepatitis? This condition disproportionately affects females, with girls and women being more susceptible than their male counterparts.

Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Targeting the Bile Ducts

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune condition that attacks the small bile ducts in the liver. How does PBC affect liver function? As the bile ducts are damaged, bile accumulates in the liver, leading to scarring and impaired liver function. Like autoimmune hepatitis, PBC is more common in women than in men.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Scarring the Bile Pathways

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) causes scarring and potential blockage of the bile ducts. What are the long-term consequences of PSC? This condition can lead to severe liver damage, potentially necessitating a liver transplant. Unlike PBC, PSC is more prevalent in men than in women.

Liver Cancer: Understanding the Risks and Types

While many liver cancers are metastases from other parts of the body, some cancers can originate in the liver itself.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Most Common Liver Cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the primary form of liver cancer. What factors increase the risk of developing this cancer? Chronic hepatitis infections and excessive alcohol consumption are significant risk factors. Interestingly, this type of liver cancer affects women more frequently than men and is more common among African Americans compared to other racial groups.

Bile Duct Cancer: A Rare but Serious Condition

Bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is an uncommon but serious malignancy. Who is most at risk for bile duct cancer? This type of cancer primarily affects individuals over the age of 50, though it remains relatively rare in the general population.

Liver Cell Adenoma: A Benign but Potentially Risky Tumor

Liver cell adenomas are non-cancerous tumors that can develop in the liver. Is there a link between oral contraceptives and liver cell adenomas? Women who use birth control pills for extended periods may have an increased risk of developing these tumors. While benign, there is a small chance that liver cell adenomas could eventually become cancerous.

Hereditary Liver Disorders: When Genetics Play a Role

Some liver conditions are inherited, passed down through families due to genetic mutations.

Hemochromatosis: The Iron Overload Disorder

Hemochromatosis is a genetic condition that causes excessive iron absorption from food. How does hemochromatosis affect the body? The excess iron accumulates in various organs, including the liver, heart, and pancreas, potentially leading to serious conditions such as liver disease, heart problems, and diabetes.

Hyperoxaluria: When Oxalate Becomes a Problem

Hyperoxaluria is a rare genetic disorder that results in excessive oxalate production by the liver. What complications can arise from hyperoxaluria? This condition can lead to kidney stones and potentially kidney failure. In severe cases, oxalate can accumulate in other organs, causing further health issues.

Wilson’s Disease: Copper’s Toxic Buildup

Wilson’s disease is an inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver and other organs. When do symptoms of Wilson’s disease typically appear? Most people with this condition start showing symptoms between the ages of 6 and 35, with the teenage years being the most common onset period. Wilson’s disease not only affects the liver but can also cause neurological and psychiatric problems.

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Liver-Lung Connection

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic condition affecting a protein that helps protect the lungs from damage. How does this condition impact the liver? When the liver produces a faulty version of this protein, it can accumulate in liver cells, potentially leading to liver disease.

Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Affecting Liver Health

Various lifestyle choices and environmental exposures can significantly impact liver health and function.

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: The Impact of Excessive Drinking

Chronic alcohol abuse is a leading cause of liver damage and cirrhosis. How does alcohol harm the liver? Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to fat accumulation in liver cells, inflammation, and eventually scarring (cirrhosis), which can severely impair liver function.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Growing Concern

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when excess fat builds up in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol. What factors contribute to NAFLD? Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are closely linked to the development of NAFLD. In some cases, NAFLD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form of the disease involving liver inflammation and cell damage.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The Hidden Dangers of Medication

Certain medications, when taken in excess or for prolonged periods, can cause liver damage. What is one of the most common causes of drug-induced liver injury? Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of acute liver failure. It’s crucial to follow dosing instructions carefully and be aware that acetaminophen may be present in multiple medications you’re taking.

Recognizing and Managing Liver Disease Symptoms

Liver disease can manifest in various ways, and early recognition of symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and treatment.

Common Signs of Liver Dysfunction

What are some telltale signs of liver problems? Common symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain or swelling, nausea, loss of appetite, and dark urine. However, it’s important to note that many liver conditions may not show symptoms in their early stages, emphasizing the importance of regular check-ups and liver function tests for those at risk.

Diagnostic Approaches for Liver Disease

How do doctors diagnose liver problems? Liver function tests, which measure levels of certain enzymes and proteins in the blood, are often the first step in diagnosing liver issues. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI may be used to visualize the liver and detect structural abnormalities. In some cases, a liver biopsy might be necessary to determine the extent of liver damage or to identify specific liver diseases.

Treatment Options for Liver Conditions

What treatment approaches are available for liver diseases? Treatment varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. For viral hepatitis, antiviral medications may be prescribed. Autoimmune liver diseases often require immunosuppressant drugs. In cases of alcohol-related liver disease, abstinence from alcohol is crucial. For advanced liver disease or liver failure, a liver transplant may be necessary. Lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet and regular exercise, play a significant role in managing many liver conditions.

Preventive Measures for Maintaining Liver Health

Taking proactive steps to protect your liver can significantly reduce the risk of liver disease and promote overall health.

Lifestyle Changes for a Healthy Liver

What can individuals do to keep their liver healthy? Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting processed foods and saturated fats is beneficial for liver health. Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk of fatty liver disease. Limiting alcohol consumption or abstaining entirely can prevent alcohol-related liver damage.

Vaccination and Safe Practices

How can one protect against viral hepatitis? Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B, and getting vaccinated can provide long-term protection against these viruses. Practicing safe sex and avoiding sharing needles or personal items that may come into contact with blood can reduce the risk of contracting hepatitis B and C.

Regular Health Check-ups and Screenings

Why are regular check-ups important for liver health? Routine medical examinations, including liver function tests, can help detect liver problems early when they are most treatable. This is particularly important for individuals with risk factors such as a family history of liver disease, excessive alcohol use, or obesity.

In conclusion, understanding the various causes and types of liver diseases is crucial for maintaining overall health. From viral infections to autoimmune disorders, genetic conditions to lifestyle-related issues, the liver faces numerous challenges. By recognizing the signs of liver problems, seeking timely medical attention, and adopting liver-friendly habits, individuals can take significant steps towards protecting this vital organ and ensuring its optimal function throughout their lives.

Types of Liver Problems & Their Causes

Written by Steven Brown

• Infections
• Immune System Problems
• Cancer and Tumors
• Conditions You Inherit
• Other Causes of Liver Disease

Your liver does a lot of things that keep you healthy. It turns nutrients into chemicals your body needs. It filters out poisons. It helps turn food into energy. So when your liver doesn’t work well, that can affect your whole body.

Different things can cause serious liver conditions. You’ll want to know about the top causes.

Sometimes, the problem is that you have an infection that inflames your liver. Viral hepatitis is the most common cause, including:

• Hepatitis A. Most people get it by eating or drinking something that’s tainted by fecal matter. You might not have any symptoms. It usually goes away by itself within 6 months without any long-term harm.
• Hepatitis B. You get it from somebody else, such as through unprotected sex or taking drugs with shared needles. If it lasts longer than 6 months, it makes you more likely to get liver cancer or other diseases.
• Hepatitis C comes from infected blood that gets into your blood. You might get it if you take drugs with shared needles or in connection with HIV. If you’re a health-care worker, you might get it from an infected needle that accidentally sticks you. Symptoms may not show up for many years. For reasons that aren’t quite clear, baby boomers are at risk for hepatitis C and should be tested for it.

Your immune system fights off invaders including bacteria and viruses. But it might go wrong and attack one or more parts of your body, such as your liver.

• Autoimmune hepatitis inflames your liver. It can lead to other disorders and even liver failure. It strikes girls and women more often than boys or men.
• Primary biliary cholangitis attacks tiny tubes in your liver called bile ducts. They carry bile, a chemical that helps you digest food. When the ducts are injured, the bile backs up inside your liver and scars it. Women come down with this more often than men.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis scars your bile ducts, and it can eventually block them. The bile builds up inside your liver, and that makes it harder for your liver to work. It may lead to liver cancer, and you might someday need a liver transplant. Men are more likely than women to get it.

If cancer shows up in your liver, that’s most likely because it has spread from another part of your body, like your lungs, colon, or breasts. But a few cancers can start in the liver.

• Liver cancer affects women more often than men, and African-Americans more often than whites. Your doctor might call it hepatocellular carcinoma. It’s more likely if you have hepatitis or drink too much.
• Bile duct cancer strikes the tubes that run from your liver to your small intestine to carry bile, a fluid that helps you digest food. This kind of cancer mainly affects people over age 50, but it’s uncommon.
• Liver cell adenoma is a tumor that doesn’t have cancer. It’s uncommon, but women who take birth control pills for a long time are more prone than other people to develop it. There’s a small chance the tumor could eventually turn into cancer.

Some inherited liver disorders only happen if they run in your family.

• Hemochromatosis makes your body store up too much of the iron from your food. The extra iron builds up in your liver, heart, or other organs. It can lead to life-threatening conditions such as liver diseases, heart disease, or diabetes.
• Hyperoxaluria hits when your urine has too much of a chemical called oxalate. In this condition, your liver makes too much oxalate due to a genetic mutation. This can cause kidney stones and kidney failure. If your kidneys do fail, that can give you oxalosis, where the oxalate collects in other organs and causes more trouble.
• Wilson’s disease makes copper build up in your liver and other organs. Its first symptoms usually show up when you’re between the ages of 6 and 35, most often in your teens. It not only affects your liver, but it can cause nerve and psychiatric problems.
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency involves a chemical that helps your lungs resist infections. Your liver makes it. But when your liver gets the recipe wrong, the faulty chemical can build up and cause liver disease.

• Alcohol abuse can lead to cirrhosis. So can nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and long-term cases of hepatitis B and C.
• Drug overdoses. Taking too much acetaminophen or other medications can harm your liver. Make sure you follow the dosing instructions on the label, and be aware that acetaminophen might be in more than one medicine you take.
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is when too much fat has built up inside your liver. The extra fat can inflame your liver. One type of NAFLD is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It means you have inflammation and cell damage in your liver, as well as fat. It can scar your liver and lead to other disorders, like cirrhosis.

Dire complications of liver disease include:

• Acute liver failure. This happens when you don’t have a long-term liver disease but your liver quits working within a very short time — days or weeks. That may happen because of an overdose of acetaminophen, infections, or because of prescription drugs.
• Cirrhosisis a buildup of scars in your liver. The more scars replace the healthy parts of your liver, the harder it is for your liver to do its job. Over time, it may not work like it should.

Top Picks

A Visual Guide to Hepatitis A, B, C

Medically Reviewed by Gabriela Pichardo, MD on September 05, 2021

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It may be caused by drugs, alcohol use, or certain medical conditions. But in most cases, it’s caused by a virus. This is known as viral hepatitis, and the most common forms are hepatitis A, B, and C.

Sometimes there are no symptoms of hepatitis in the first weeks after infection — the acute phase. But when they happen, the symptoms of types A, B, and C may include fatigue, nausea, poor appetite, belly pain, a mild fever, or yellow skin or eyes (jaundice). When hepatitis B and C become chronic, they may cause no symptoms for years. By the time there are any warning signs, the liver may already be damaged.

Hepatitis A is highly contagious and can spread from person to person in many different settings. It typically causes only a mild illness, and many people who are infected may never realize they’re sick at all. The virus almost always goes away on its own and does not cause long-term liver damage.

It usually spreads through food or water. Food can be tainted when it’s touched by a person with hepatitis who did not wash their hands after using the bathroom. This transfers tiny amounts of infected stool to the food. Raw shellfish, fruits, vegetables, and undercooked foods are common culprits in hepatitis A outbreaks. The virus can also spread in daycare centers if employees aren’t careful about washing hands after changing diapers.

A prime risk factor for hepatitis A is traveling to or living in a country with high infection rates. You can check the CDC’s travel advisories to learn about recent outbreaks. Eating raw foods or drinking tap water can raise your risk while traveling. Children who attend daycare centers also have a higher risk of getting hepatitis A.

Many adults who get hepatitis B have mild symptoms for a short time and then get better on their own. But some people are not able to clear the virus from the body, which causes a long-term infection. Nearly 90% of infants who get the virus will carry it for life. Over time, hepatitis B can lead to serious problems, such as liver damage, liver failure, and liver cancer.

You can get it through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person. In the U.S., it’s most often spread through unprotected sex. It’s also possible to get hepatitis B by sharing an infected person’s needles, razors, or toothbrush. And an infected mother can pass the virus to their baby during childbirth. Hepatitis B is not spread by hugging, sharing food, or coughing.

Anyone can get hepatitis B, but people who have multiple sex partners or inject illegal drugs have a higher risk. Other risk factors include being a health care worker who is exposed to blood, or living with someone who has chronic hepatitis B.

About 25% of people who get hepatitis C defeat the virus after a short-term infection. The rest will carry the virus in their body for the long term. Chronic hepatitis C can cause very serious complications, including liver failure and liver cancer. There are effective treatments for the virus, though. 

It spreads through infected blood. In the U. S., sharing needles or other items used to inject drugs is the most common cause of infection. Getting a tattoo or body piercing with an infected needle is another means of exposure. A mother may pass the virus to their child at birth. In rare cases, unprotected sex spreads hepatitis C, but the risk appears small. Having multiple sex partners, HIV, or rough sex seems to raise risk for spreading hepatitis C.

People who have injected illegal drugs at any time, even one time, many years ago, could be walking around with chronic hepatitis C. Because there are often no symptoms, many former drug users may not realize they have the infection. People who received a blood transfusion before 1992 also have a higher risk. Before that year, donated blood was not screened for the hepatitis C virus.

Chronic hepatitis can quietly attack the liver for years without causing any symptoms. Unless the infection is diagnosed, monitored, and treated, many of these people will eventually have serious liver damage. Fortunately, blood tests can determine whether you have viral hepatitis, and if so, which kind.

Testing is important for anyone with the risk factors we’ve mentioned, particularly injected drug users and people who have had multiple sex partners. Health advocates are also urging people of Asian heritage to get tested. Stanford University’s Asian Liver Center estimates that 1 in 10 Asians living in the U.S. has chronic hepatitis B. Many of them have probably had the virus since birth.

Also, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that health care providers offer a one-time hepatitis C screening for anyone born between 1945 and 1965.   

If a test says you have viral hepatitis, you can take steps to protect the ones you love. For hepatitis A, wash hands frequently. For hepatitis B and C, avoid sharing nail clippers, razors, or toothbrushes. Hepatitis B, and sometimes hepatitis C, can be passed through sexual contact. Make sure everyone in your household gets the hepatitis B vaccine. An important step is to see a specialist to discuss treatment options.

Hepatitis A almost always goes away on its own, and no medication is needed. If nausea is a problem, try eating several small meals throughout the day instead of three large ones. Drink water, juice, or sports drinks to stay hydrated. And avoid hard exercise until you’re feeling better.

The goal of treating chronic hepatitis B is to control the virus and keep it from damaging the liver. This begins with regular monitoring for signs of liver disease. Antiviral medications may help, but not everyone can take them or needs to be on medication. Be sure to discuss the risks and benefits of antiviral therapy with your doctor.

The latest drug to be approved by the FDA is glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (Mavyret). This medication offers a shorter treatment cycle of 8 weeks for adult patients with all types of HCV who don’t have cirrhosis and who have not been previously treated. The length of treatment is longer for those who are in a different disease stage. The prescribed dosage for this medicine is 3 tablets daily.

There are several other combination drugs available, as well as some single drugs that may be used in combination. Your doctor will choose the right one for you depending on the type of hepatitis C you have, how well your liver is functioning and any other medical problems you may have. Also be sure to discuss your insurance coverage since these medications are expensive.

To manage chronic hepatitis B or C, your doctor will order regular blood tests to check how well your liver is working. Ultrasounds and CT scans can also reveal signs of damage. If the virus is not causing any liver problems, you may not need treatment. But it’s important to have regular tests to watch for changes. Complications are easiest to treat when found early.

One of the most common complications of chronic hepatitis is cirrhosis. This is a scarring of the liver that can be found with a biopsy. Cirrhosis makes it difficult for the liver to do its job and can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, weight loss, and swelling in the belly and legs. In severe cases, patients may experience jaundice and confusion.

Viral hepatitis is the top cause of liver cancer, so people with chronic hepatitis B or C need monitoring even if they feel healthy. Blood tests can detect proteins that suggest the presence of liver cancer. Ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs can reveal abnormal lesions in the liver (seen here in green). A biopsy is needed to determine if these areas are cancerous. Tumors that are found early may be surgically removed. But most liver cancers are difficult to treat.

The liver is a vital organ that aids in metabolism, digestion, detoxifying, and the production of many proteins needed by the body. If a large part of the liver is damaged beyond repair, it will no longer be able to perform these important jobs. People cannot live without a working liver. In this case, a liver transplant may be the best hope. This option provides the patient with a healthy liver from a donor.

There are vaccines to protect against hepatitis A and B. The CDC recommends hepatitis A vaccination for all children ages 12 to 23 months and for adults who plan to travel or work in areas with hepatitis A outbreaks or who have other risk factors. People with chronic hepatitis B or C should also get the hepatitis A vaccine if they don’t already have immunity to the disease. The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants at birth and for adults who have any of the risk factors we discussed earlier. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C.

If you have chronic hepatitis, there are steps you can take to keep your liver resilient. Avoid alcohol, which can cause additional liver damage. Check with your doctor before taking any medications or supplements, because some are tough on the liver or may not be safe in people with liver disease. Most importantly, keep your appointments for regular monitoring. By watching for any changes in your liver, you and your health care provider can stay one step ahead of the virus.

IMAGES PROVIDED BY:
 1)   Ingram  Publishing, Medical RF.com
 2)   Garry  Watson/Photo Researchers Inc
 3)   Katz Arni
 4)   Richard  Ross/Photographer’s Choice
 5)   Chad Ehlers
 6)   Sam  Edwards/OJO Images
 7)   Goodshot
 8)   Gregor  Schuster/Iconica
 9)   James  Cavallini/Photo Researchers Inc
 10)   Thinkstock
 11)   Digital Vision
 12)   M  Fermariello/De Agostini Editore
 13)   Jupiter  Images
 14)   White
 15)   Onoky
 16)   Polka Dot  Images
 17)   Olivier  Voisin/Photo Researchers Inc
 18)   Philippe  Garo/Photo Researchers Inc
 19)   Arthur  Glauberman/Photo Researchers Inc
 20)   Du Cane  Medical Imaging Ltd./Photo Researchers Inc
 21)   Publiphoto/Photo  Researchers Inc
 22)   Jeffrey  Hamilton/Lifesize
 23)   Image Source

SOURCES:

Allegheny General Hospital Liver Cancer Network.
American Cancer Society web site.
American Liver Foundation web site.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site.
Hepatitis Foundation web site.
John W. Ward, MD, director, division of viral hepatitis, CDC, Atlanta.
Melissa Palmer, MD, clinical professor of medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City.
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse.
Pediatrics, published online Feb. 1, 2011.
The Nemours Foundation.
World Health Organization web site.
FDA. “FDA approves Mavyret for Hepatitis C.” “Mavyret Prescribing Information.”
Hepatitis C Online. “Hepatitis C Treatments.”

© 2021 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

Elevated Blood ALT: Causes and Diagnosis

Contents

• 1 Elevated Blood ALT: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
  • 1.1 Elevated Blood ALT
  • 1.2 ALT: What It Is and How It Works 900 08
  • 1.3 Functions of ALT in the body
  • 1.4 Causes of elevated ALT levels
  • 1.5 Diseases that cause elevated levels of ALT in the blood
    • 1. 5.1 Hepatitis
    • 1.5.2 Liver cirrhosis
    • 1.5. 3 Gallstone disease
    • 1.5.4 Aminotransferase dystrophy (ATD)
    • 1.5.5 Other diseases
  • 1.6 Symptoms of elevated blood levels of ALT
  • 1.7 Diagnosis of elevated levels of ALT

  9 0005 1.8 ALT tests: preparation and procedure

  • 1.9 Norm blood ALT levels
  • 1.10 Treatment of elevated ALT levels
  • 1.11 Related videos:
  • 1.12 Q&A:
    • • 1.12.0.1 What is ALT and what is its blood level?
      • 1.12.0.2 What diseases can cause elevated blood levels of ALT?
      • 1.12.0.3 Can elevated ALT be due to medication?
      • 1.12.0.4 What test should be taken to determine the level of ALT in the blood?
      • 1.12.0.5 Is it possible to determine the level of ALT in the blood?
      • 1.12.0.6 What should be done if ALT is elevated in the blood?

Wondering what an elevated ALT level in a blood test means? Find out what causes this, what are the symptoms, and how you can lower your ALT levels through diet and treatment.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is one of the indicators of a biochemical blood test that can signal liver damage. Elevated ALT levels can be indicative of a variety of diseases and conditions. The main thing is not to ignore this symptom and consult a doctor immediately.

Elevated blood levels of ALT can be caused by a variety of causes, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug poisoning, biliary obstruction, infectious diseases, and others. This indicator can also increase with prolonged physical exertion on the body, as well as during pregnancy.

In order to establish an accurate diagnosis, a comprehensive examination is required. In addition to a biochemical blood test for ALT, ultrasound and X-ray examinations of the abdominal organs, blood tests for other indicators, etc. can also be performed.

It is important to remember that spontaneous treatment can cause great harm to health. Be sure to contact only qualified doctors and follow all doctor’s prescriptions.

Elevated blood ALT

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) is an enzyme found in liver cells. When liver cells are damaged or destroyed, ALT is released into the bloodstream, causing an increase in blood levels of the enzyme.

To diagnose an elevated ALT level in the blood, it is necessary to conduct a blood test for biochemical analysis. In addition, additional tests, such as liver ultrasound or computed tomography, may be needed to determine the cause of elevated ALT levels.

• To reduce the level of ALT, you need to see a doctor and determine the cause of the change in level.
• Certain measures, such as avoiding alcohol, eating healthy and exercising, can help lower your ALT levels.
• Treatment of liver diseases is based on the cause of the disease.

ALT: what it is and how it works

ALT is an enzyme that converts alanine to pyroglutamate. ALT is found within liver cells, and to a lesser extent in the heart, muscles, and other organs.

It is important to understand that ALT cannot cross cell membranes. If the level of ALT is elevated, this may indicate the destruction of the cells that contain this enzyme.

ALT is used in medical diagnostics as an indicator of damage to the liver and other organs. Elevated blood levels of ALT can indicate various diseases such as viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, as well as drug toxicity and other health conditions.

1. ALT is an important indicator of the health of the liver and other organs
2. Elevated levels of ALT can indicate various diseases
3. It is important to identify the cause of elevated levels of ALT in the blood for proper diagnosis and treatment

ALT functions in the body

ALT (alanine aminotransfer aza) is an enzyme found in body tissues, especially in the liver and heart. There are several functions of ALT in the body. One of its main functions is participation in the metabolism of protein compounds, including amino acids.

In addition, ALT plays a key role in animal metabolism. It helps to remove excess ammonia, which is toxic to the body.

Changes in the level of ALT in the blood may indicate abnormalities in the functioning of the liver, heart and other organs.

Causes of elevated ALT levels

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found in the cells of the liver, heart, muscles and other organs. Its level in the blood is an indisputable marker of diseases of certain organs and tissues. Consider the main reasons for the increase in the level of ALT in the blood.

• Liver diseases . Elevated ALT levels can be associated with various liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, and others. In these cases, an increase in ALT levels may be one of the first signs of the disease.
• Alcoholism . Heavy drinking can lead to liver damage and elevated ALT levels.
• Muscle injury . Muscle injury can lead to elevated ALT levels. Also, exercises that cause intense stress on the muscles can lead to an increase in ALT levels for a short time.
• Medicines . Certain medications, such as aspirin, antibiotics, steroids, and others, can raise blood levels of ALT.

Remember that elevated ALT is not a disease in itself, but only a marker. Diagnosis and identification of the causes of elevated levels of ALT in the blood requires a visit to a doctor and further examination.

Diseases that cause elevated levels of ALT in the blood

Hepatitis

An increase in the level of ALT in the blood is often associated with hepatitis – viral or alcoholic. Hepatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the liver that can lead to elevated levels of ALT in the blood. With viral hepatitis, ALT can increase by several tens of times.

Cirrhosis of the liver

Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scarring, which can lead to decreased liver function. A high level of ALT in the blood can be one of the signs of cirrhosis of the liver.

Cholelithiasis

In gallstone disease, stones form in the gallbladder or bile ducts, which can lead to inflammation of the liver. ALT levels may be elevated in acute or chronic inflammation of the liver associated with gallstone disease.

Aminotransferase dystrophy (ATD)

Aminotransferase dystrophy is a genetic disease that causes an increase in the level of ALT in the blood. This is due to a violation of the transfer of the amino acid alanine between cells.

Other diseases

Elevated levels of ALT may also be associated with other liver diseases, such as hepatosis (changes in the structure of the liver), liver cancer, or even heart failure.

Some diseases associated with an increase in the level of ALT Disease Description

Symptoms of elevated blood levels of ALT

Elevated levels of ALT in the blood can be a symptom of various diseases and organ dysfunctions.

An increased amount of ALT may indicate the presence of viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, alcohol and drug intoxication, diseases of the liver, bile ducts and biliary tract. Elevated ALT levels can also be observed in people with diabetes and obesity.

If you have symptoms of elevated ALT levels in the blood, it is important to immediately consult a doctor and undergo a comprehensive examination in order to identify the cause of this condition and begin timely treatment.

Diagnosis of elevated ALT levels

Diagnosis of elevated blood ALT levels begins with a complete blood count, which is often performed during routine check-ups. If the ALT level exceeds the norm, then the doctor may prescribe additional studies.

To confirm the diagnosis and determine the cause of elevated ALT levels, more accurate tests, such as biochemical tests of blood, urine and feces, as well as ultrasound of the liver and gallbladder, may be prescribed.

• Blood chemistry tests can help determine specific ALT levels as well as other indicators associated with liver disease;
• Ultrasound examination of the liver and gallbladder allows you to determine possible changes in these organs and study their structure;
• Urine and feces analysis helps to find out which metabolic products are excreted from the body;

Depending on symptoms and other factors, your doctor may order additional tests and procedures to identify the cause of your high ALT levels. The results of all these studies will help to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the right treatment.

ALT Tests: Preparation and Procedure

ALT testing requires preparation. Within 12 hours before blood sampling, it is recommended not to eat, and also to exclude the intake of alcohol, fatty and fried foods, and smoking. This will help avoid distorting the analysis results.

ALT results are usually available 1-2 days after blood sampling. With elevated ALT levels, additional diagnostics may be required to identify the cause of this phenomenon, but only a doctor can determine the need for such a study.

ALT blood levels

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is produced in liver cells and other body tissues. The normal level of ALT in the blood in adult men does not exceed 45 units per liter, in women – no more than 34 units per liter.

In children and adolescents, normal ALT levels may vary by age. So, in children under the age of 9 years, the normal level of ALT is no more than 50 units per liter, in adolescents aged 9 to 12 years – no more than 45 units per liter, and in boys and girls aged 12 to 18 years – no more than 55 units per liter.

It is important to note that ALT levels may vary depending on the assay methods used in the laboratory. When interpreting the results, it is necessary to take into account the specific methods and norms adopted in this laboratory.

Treatment of elevated ALT levels

If elevated ALT levels are detected, consult a physician and follow treatment recommendations. Changes in diet and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce ALT levels, but in most cases, medication will be needed.

Depending on the cause of the elevated ALT levels, different medications are used. If the cause is viral, then antiviral drugs are needed, in the case of hepatitis, the establishment of timely diagnosis, the choice of appropriate therapy and its strict implementation.

In diseases of the biliary tract, choleretic, cholelithic preparations are recommended. In the presence of tumor processes, only surgical treatment can normalize the level of ALT. Additional recommendations for treatment should be prescribed by the attending physician.

It is not recommended to stop taking medications without your doctor’s consent.

• Drug treatment should be carried out under medical supervision.
• Do not mix drugs with alcohol to avoid additional damage to the liver.
• It is important to take care of your health and have regular medical check-ups.

If you experience pain in the right hypochondrium, weakness, fever, swelling and jaundice, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Video on the topic:

Question-answer:

What is ALT and what is its norm in the blood?

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is found inside the liver cells and is responsible for the metabolism of amino acids in the body. The norm of ALT in the blood in men is 10-40 U / l, and in women – 7-35 U / l. However, with various diseases, the norm may deviate upwards.

What diseases can cause elevated blood levels of ALT?

Elevated ALT levels may be associated with liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty degeneration), heart disease (heart attack, arrhythmia), problems with the external bile duct, and other diseases associated with impaired amino acid metabolism (eg, diabetes).

Can elevated ALT levels be related to medication?

Yes, some medications can increase ALT levels in the blood, such as anti-tuberculosis drugs, antivirals, steroids, anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, etc. Therefore, you should tell your doctor that you are taking any medications before testing.

What test should be taken to determine the level of ALT in the blood?

A blood chemistry test is required to determine the level of ALT in the blood. Usually, this test is prescribed in combination with other tests, such as a complete blood count, bilirubin level, AST, etc.

Can I determine the level of ALT in the blood myself?

No, the determination of the level of ALT in the blood is possible only when donating blood in a medical institution and conducting an appropriate analysis. It is impossible to independently determine the level of ALT in the blood.

What should be done if ALT is elevated in the blood?

If ALT levels are elevated, you should see a doctor to diagnose the disease that caused this deviation. Depending on the cause of the elevated ALT level, your doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment.

The norm of ALT and AST in the blood test in women: what you need to know

Contents

• 1 The norm of ALT and AST in the blood of women: what indicators are the norm and what do the deviations say?
  • 1.1 Blood test norm for women: ALT and AST
  • 1.2 What is a blood test?
  • 1.3 What do ALT and AST mean?
  • 1.4 Why is it important to know the norms of ALT and AST?
  • 1.5 How are ALT and AST analyzed?
  • 1.6 How do I prepare for an ALT and AST test?
  • 1.7 Norm of ALT and AST in women: age characteristics
  • 1.8 What diseases can affect the level of ALT and AST in the blood of women?
  • 1.9 What should I do if my ALT and AST levels are elevated?
  • 1.10 What factors can increase blood levels of ALT and AST?
  • 1.11 Can I decode the results of ALT and AST analysis myself?
  • 1. 12 Related videos:
  • 1.13 Q&A:
    • • 1.13.0.1 What are ALT and AST in a blood test?
      • 1.13.0.2 What causes an increase in ALT and AST levels?
      • 1.13.0.3 What are the norms for ALT and AST in women?
      • 1.13.0.4 Can elevated levels of ALT and AST in women be associated with medication?
      • 1.13.0.5 Can elevated levels of ALT and AST in women indicate cancer?
      • 1.13.0.6 What should be done if ALT and AST levels in a woman’s blood are elevated?

Find out what the norm of alt and ast means in a blood test for women. Which values ​​are normal, and which may indicate diseases. The importance of timely and correct decoding of a blood test for maintaining health.

The results of a biochemical blood test are one of the key indicators of the health of the body. It is especially important to correctly interpret the level of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), as they are a reflection of the work of the liver. Blood tests for AST and ALT are often prescribed in combination with other indicators to assess liver function, determine the nature of the disease and monitor the progress of treatment.

For women, normal levels of AST and ALT may differ slightly from those for men, in addition, during pregnancy and some other conditions, there may be significant changes in enzyme levels. Therefore, it is important to know the features of the interpretation of the results and the possible causes of deviations from the norm.

In this article we will tell you what are the norms of the levels of AST and ALT in the blood in women, what means their increase or decrease, as well as what factors can affect the result of the tests. If you find deviations from the norm, do not panic, perhaps this is a temporary phenomenon, but additional consultation with a doctor and diagnosis of the condition of the liver is necessary.

Blood test norm for women: ALT and AST

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are enzymes that are found in the cells of the liver, heart, muscles and other tissues of the body. Their level in the blood can be increased in diseases of these organs, as well as in other pathologies.

The norm of AST in women is from 7 to 31 units per liter of blood. An increase in AST levels may be associated with diseases of the liver, cardiovascular system, as well as muscle injuries.

It is important to remember that ALT and AST levels may differ depending on the laboratory where the blood was tested. Therefore, the doctor should interpret the results, taking into account all the factors affecting the level of these enzymes.

What is a blood test?

A blood test is a laboratory study of a biological fluid that circulates through a person’s blood vessels. This analysis is one of the most common methods for diagnosing many diseases, as well as monitoring the state of the body, both in case of deterioration and improvement of its health.

A blood test goes through many stages, from taking blood to interpreting the results. When conducting an analysis, various factors should be taken into account, such as age, gender, physical condition, the presence of chronic diseases and the use of drugs.

Various blood tests, such as hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, ALT, AST and many others, may indicate various diseases or abnormalities in the body.

What do ALT and AST mean?

ALT and AST are enzymes found in liver cells. ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) can be used as indicators of liver damage. These enzymes are released from liver cells into the bloodstream when an organ is damaged or diseased, and their levels can indicate how severe the damage is.

High levels of ALT and AST in the blood of women may indicate the presence of liver disease or other diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis or liver tumors. However, elevated levels of ALT and AST may also be indicative of other non-liver related conditions, such as heart failure.

Why is it important to know the norms of ALT and AST?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are enzymes found in liver and heart cells. If their level in the blood is elevated, this may indicate damage to the cells of these organs.

Measurement of ALT and AST levels in the blood is an important blood test that provides information about the state of the liver and heart in women. Elevated levels of ALT and AST may indicate various diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, heart failure, and others.

ALT and AST values ​​are indicative and may vary depending on the woman’s age, sex and lifestyle. Therefore, it is important to know the norm of ALT and AST for women in order to make it easier to determine the presence of any diseases.

If ALT and AST are elevated, see a doctor who can diagnose and suggest treatment. Treatment may be aimed at eliminating the causes of increased enzyme levels, as well as restoring liver and heart function.

How is ALT and AST analyzed?

The ALT and AST test is a common blood test. Usually, blood is taken from a vein in the elbow for analysis. Before passing the analysis, you must follow the rules of preparation.

After the blood has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where it is analyzed for ALT and AST levels. The results of the analysis are usually ready in a few days.

When analyzing ALT and AST, be aware that the results may vary depending on age, sex, physical activity and the use of certain medications. Therefore, before the analysis, it is necessary to consult a doctor and follow the recommendations for preparation.

How to prepare for ALT and AST analysis?

ALT and AST assays require some preparation in order for the results to be accurate and reliable. Here are some tips to help you properly prepare for this analysis.

• Refusal of food 8-12 hours before the test. It is best to take the test in the morning on an empty stomach, so as not to affect the results. This means that 8-12 hours before blood collection, you need to refuse food.
• Medication withdrawal. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any medications. Some medicines may interfere with the results of the test. If your doctor thinks you need to stop taking your medication, it’s best to follow their advice.
• Refusal of alcohol one day before the analysis. Alcohol can interfere with test results, so alcohol should be avoided the day before the test.
• Maintaining rest and avoiding exercise. Physical activity can also affect the results of the analysis, so the day before it is taken, physical activity should be avoided and rest should be observed.
• Blood collection compliance. To obtain accurate and reliable results, you must follow the rules for collecting blood. The blood collection process itself should not take more than 5-7 minutes and take place in a sterile environment.

By following these guidelines, you can be confident that your ALT and AST results will be reliable and will help your doctor make the right diagnosis and treatment.

The norm of ALT and AST in women: age characteristics

ALT and AST are important indicators of the functional state of the liver, determined in the blood.

It is possible to establish the norm of ALT and AST in the blood of women only taking into account age characteristics.

So, for example, in women under the age of 50, the ALT norm is up to 31 units per liter of blood, and in women over 50 years old – up to 35 units.

The norm of AST for women under the age of 50 is up to 31 units per liter of blood, after 50 years – up to 35 units.

It should also be noted that during pregnancy, women may experience changes in ALT and AST levels, which usually return to normal after childbirth.

In any case, if you find abnormalities in ALT and AST, you should contact a specialist for further diagnosis and treatment.

What diseases can affect the blood levels of ALT and AST in women?

Blood levels of ALT and AST in women can increase as a result of various diseases. For example, hepatitis is one of the main causes of elevated levels of ALT and AST. This is due to the fact that these enzymes are found in high concentration in the liver, and in hepatitis, the liver tissue can be damaged, which leads to the release of large amounts of ALT and AST into the blood.

In addition, diseases that affect the biliary tract, such as gallstones and cholangitis, can also increase ALT and AST levels. The levels of these enzymes may also increase in women with cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction or arrhythmia.

1. Hepatitis;
2. Cirrhosis of the liver;
3. Oncological diseases;
4. Muscular diseases;
5. gallstone disease;
6. Cholangitis;
7. Cardiovascular diseases;

What if ALT and AST levels are high?

If ALT and AST levels are elevated in a woman’s blood test, a doctor should be consulted for diagnosis and possible causes. Perhaps an increase in the level of these indicators may indicate diseases of the liver or other organs.

Your doctor may order additional tests, such as an ultrasound of the liver, a CT scan, or a liver biopsy, for diagnosis. In addition, it is necessary to analyze urine and blood for the presence of infections, viruses and other pathological processes.

If the reason for the increase in ALT and AST levels is related to the disease, it is necessary to undergo treatment prescribed by a doctor. This may include medication, diet, and other measures, depending on the specific disease and its stage.

In addition, women who have high ALT and AST levels should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions and watch their diet. It is recommended to increase the amount of vegetables and fruits consumed, reduce the intake of fatty and fried foods, and also pay attention to the quantitative and qualitative composition of food.

• see a doctor for diagnosis;
• complete the required tests;
• get treated by a doctor;
• lead a healthy lifestyle and watch your diet.

What factors can increase blood levels of ALT and AST?

Preparations. In addition to drugs that counteract liver disease, many drugs can increase blood levels of ALT and AST, such as antiviral drugs, anabolic steroids, anticancer drugs, and others.

Alcohol. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and possible increase in blood levels of ALT and AST.

Wrong diet. Excessive consumption of fatty and fried foods can lead to impaired liver function and increased levels of ALT and AST in the blood.

Inflammatory diseases of the liver. Viral, alcoholic or autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, fatty degeneration cause liver inflammation, which increases the level of ALT and AST in the blood.

Examples of drugs that can increase ALT and AST in the blood Drug Group

Can I decode ALT and AST test results myself?

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are enzymes that are found in liver cells without penetrating into the blood. They are released into the blood only under pathological conditions of the organ. Changes in the levels of these enzymes indicate damage to liver and/or heart cells.

ALT and AST analysis results should only be decoded by qualified medical personnel after examining the patient and performing other investigations.

Although regular analysis of ALT and AST levels helps to identify possible diseases in the very early stages, you should not try to diagnose yourself. The best solution is to consult with your doctor.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What is ALT and AST in a blood test?

ALT and AST are enzymes found in the cells of the liver, heart, muscles, and other organs. If their blood levels are elevated, this may indicate damage to the cells of these organs.

What causes ALT and AST levels to rise?

Elevated levels of ALT and AST in the blood may be associated with diseases of the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis), cardiovascular system (heart attack, cardiomyopathy), muscles (muscular dystrophy) and other organs. It can also be caused by taking certain medications, alcohol, or toxic substances.

What are the norms for ALT and AST in women?

Guideline values ​​for ALT and AST may vary slightly depending on the laboratory and age of the woman. Typically, the ALT level should not exceed 31 U/L, and the AST level should not exceed 30 U/L.

Can elevated levels of ALT and AST in women be associated with medication?

Yes, some medicines can increase blood levels of ALT and AST, such as antibiotics, antiparkinsonian drugs, and some antiviral drugs. Therefore, if you are taking any medications, tell your doctor before taking a blood test.

Can elevated levels of ALT and AST in women indicate cancer?

No, elevated levels of ALT and AST are not specific to cancer and are not the main sign of cancer.