What causes nosebleeds for no apparent reason. How can you stop a nosebleed at home. When should you seek medical attention for a nosebleed. What are the different types of nosebleeds. How do underlying health conditions contribute to nosebleeds. Can medications cause nosebleeds. How does dry air affect nosebleeds.

Understanding the Types and Origins of Nosebleeds

Nosebleeds, while often alarming, are generally common and harmless occurrences. They can be categorized into two main types: anterior and posterior nosebleeds. Each type has distinct characteristics and origins within the nasal cavity.

Anterior Nosebleeds: The Most Common Type

Anterior nosebleeds originate in the front part of the nose and are the most frequent type experienced by individuals. These nosebleeds typically occur when blood vessels in the septum (the wall separating the nostrils) rupture. The septum contains numerous delicate blood vessels that can easily break due to minor injuries or irritations.

• Often caused by nose picking, dry air, or minor trauma
• Generally easy to treat at home
• Usually not serious or life-threatening

Posterior Nosebleeds: Less Common but More Serious

Posterior nosebleeds start deeper within the nasal cavity and can be more concerning. These nosebleeds occur when blood vessels in the back of the nose are damaged, potentially leading to complications if blood flows into the throat.

• Often associated with injuries or high blood pressure
• May require medical intervention
• Can be more difficult to control than anterior nosebleeds

Is it possible to distinguish between anterior and posterior nosebleeds at home? While it can be challenging for non-medical professionals to definitively differentiate between the two types, posterior nosebleeds tend to involve heavier bleeding and may cause blood to flow down the back of the throat.

Common Causes of Unexplained Nosebleeds

When a nosebleed occurs seemingly out of nowhere, several factors could be at play. Understanding these potential causes can help in prevention and management.

Underlying Health Conditions

Various health issues can contribute to the occurrence of nosebleeds:

• Liver disease
• Kidney disease
• Chronic alcohol consumption
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Congestive heart failure
• Hypertensive crisis

These conditions can affect blood clotting ability or increase blood pressure, making nosebleeds more likely. Additionally, respiratory conditions like colds and allergies can irritate the nasal lining, leading to nosebleeds.

Environmental Factors: The Impact of Dry Air

Dry air, whether from indoor heating or cold outdoor temperatures, can significantly contribute to nosebleeds. How does dry air cause nosebleeds? The lack of moisture in the air can dry out the nasal passages, causing the delicate lining to crack and bleed easily.

To combat this issue, consider using a humidifier in your living space, especially while sleeping. Nasal sprays can also help moisturize the nostrils, reducing the risk of dryness-induced nosebleeds.

Medications and Their Effects on Nosebleeds

Certain medications, particularly those that affect blood clotting, can increase the likelihood of nosebleeds or make them harder to stop. These include:

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
• Anti-platelet medications (e.g., clopidogrel bisulfate)
• Aspirin
• NSAIDs (e.g., naproxen)

Why do these medications cause nosebleeds? They alter the blood’s ability to clot, which is a crucial step in stopping any bleeding, including nosebleeds. Patients with conditions like atrial fibrillation or those who have had a heart attack often take these medications to prevent blood clots, but they come with an increased risk of bleeding.

Traumatic and Behavioral Causes of Nosebleeds

Sometimes, nosebleeds can result from direct trauma to the nose or certain behaviors that irritate the nasal passages.

Foreign Objects and Nasal Injuries

Nosebleeds can occur when foreign objects are inserted into the nose. This is particularly common among young children who may explore their surroundings by putting small items in their nose. Objects that can cause nosebleeds include:

• Small toys
• Pebbles
• Food particles
• Erasers
• Dirt or debris

In addition to foreign objects, direct trauma to the nose from accidents or injuries can lead to nosebleeds by damaging the blood vessels in the nasal cavity.

Nose Picking and Scratching

A common cause of nosebleeds, especially in both children and adults, is nose picking or scratching inside the nose. This behavior can damage the delicate blood vessels in the nostrils, leading to bleeding.

How can nose picking cause nosebleeds? The act of inserting fingers or objects into the nose can scratch or tear the nasal lining, rupturing small blood vessels and causing bleeding. People prone to itching or scratching inside their nose due to allergies or other irritations are particularly susceptible to this type of nosebleed.

Effective Home Remedies for Stopping Nosebleeds

While nosebleeds can be alarming, most can be effectively managed at home with proper techniques. Here are some steps to stop a nosebleed:

1. Sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down your throat.
2. Pinch your nostrils shut with your thumb and index finger, applying direct pressure for at least 10 minutes.
3. Breathe through your mouth while your nose is pinched.
4. If bleeding persists, use a nasal decongestant spray to constrict blood vessels, then reapply pressure.
5. Once bleeding stops, avoid touching or blowing your nose for several hours.

Can you make a DIY nose-pinching device? Yes, you can create a simple device using tongue depressors and tape to maintain consistent pressure on your nostrils if needed.

Preventing Recurrent Nosebleeds

After successfully stopping a nosebleed, take these steps to prevent future occurrences:

• Use saline nasal sprays to keep your nasal passages moist
• Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly inside your nostrils
• Avoid picking or scratching your nose
• Use a humidifier in dry environments
• Trim fingernails to reduce accidental scratching

When to Seek Medical Attention for Nosebleeds

While most nosebleeds are harmless and can be managed at home, certain situations warrant professional medical care. It’s important to recognize these scenarios to ensure proper treatment and prevent potential complications.

Signs That Indicate a Need for Medical Intervention

Seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:

• Nosebleeds that last longer than 30 minutes despite applying pressure
• Heavy bleeding that interferes with breathing
• Frequent nosebleeds (more than once a week)
• Nosebleeds accompanied by dizziness or weakness
• Bleeding after a significant head injury
• Nosebleeds in individuals taking blood-thinning medications

How can you tell if a nosebleed is serious? If the bleeding is exceptionally heavy, doesn’t respond to home treatment, or is accompanied by other symptoms like severe headaches or vision changes, it may indicate a more serious condition requiring immediate medical attention.

Medical Treatments for Severe Nosebleeds

In cases where nosebleeds are severe or recurrent, medical professionals may employ various treatments:

• Cauterization of blood vessels
• Nasal packing to apply pressure
• Medication adjustments for those on blood thinners
• Treatment of underlying conditions contributing to nosebleeds

The Role of Nasal Anatomy in Nosebleeds

Understanding the structure of the nose can provide insight into why nosebleeds occur and how they can be prevented or treated effectively.

Key Anatomical Features Related to Nosebleeds

The nose contains several important structures that play a role in nosebleeds:

• Nasal septum: The wall dividing the nostrils, rich in blood vessels
• Kiesselbach’s plexus: A network of blood vessels on the anterior septum, common site of nosebleeds
• Turbinates: Structures that warm and humidify inhaled air
• Nasal mucosa: The lining of the nasal cavity, susceptible to drying and irritation

How does nasal anatomy contribute to nosebleeds? The abundance of blood vessels near the surface of the nasal passages, particularly in the septum, makes this area prone to bleeding when irritated or damaged. The delicate nature of the nasal mucosa also makes it susceptible to environmental factors like dry air or trauma.

Anatomical Variations and Their Impact

Certain anatomical variations can increase the likelihood of nosebleeds:

• Deviated septum: Can cause uneven airflow and dryness in one nostril
• Enlarged turbinates: May lead to congestion and increased nose-blowing
• Thin nasal lining: More susceptible to damage and bleeding

Understanding these anatomical factors can help in developing targeted prevention strategies and treatments for individuals prone to nosebleeds.

Lifestyle Factors and Their Influence on Nosebleeds

Various lifestyle choices and habits can significantly impact the frequency and severity of nosebleeds. By understanding and modifying these factors, individuals can reduce their risk of experiencing nosebleeds.

Dietary Considerations

Certain dietary habits can affect blood vessel health and clotting ability, potentially influencing nosebleeds:

• Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can thin the blood and dilate blood vessels
• Vitamin K deficiency: This vitamin is crucial for blood clotting
• Spicy foods: May cause temporary dilation of blood vessels
• Hydration: Proper hydration helps maintain mucous membrane health

How does diet affect nosebleeds? A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports overall vascular health and blood clotting function, potentially reducing the risk of nosebleeds. Staying well-hydrated also helps keep nasal passages moist, preventing dryness-induced bleeding.

Environmental Factors and Daily Habits

Various environmental conditions and daily activities can impact nasal health:

• Altitude changes: Can cause nasal dryness and pressure changes
• Air pollution: Irritants in the air can inflame nasal passages
• Overuse of nasal sprays: Can lead to rebound congestion and irritation
• Vigorous nose blowing: Can rupture delicate blood vessels

By being mindful of these factors and taking appropriate precautions, such as using saline sprays in dry environments or avoiding overuse of decongestant sprays, individuals can reduce their risk of nosebleeds.

The Connection Between Allergies and Nosebleeds

Allergies can play a significant role in the occurrence of nosebleeds, particularly in individuals with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis. Understanding this connection can help in managing both conditions effectively.

How Allergies Contribute to Nosebleeds

Allergies can increase the likelihood of nosebleeds through several mechanisms:

• Nasal inflammation: Allergic reactions cause swelling in the nasal passages
• Increased mucus production: Can lead to more frequent nose blowing
• Itching and rubbing: Allergy symptoms may cause individuals to rub or scratch their nose
• Dryness: Some allergy medications can dry out nasal passages

Why do allergies often lead to nosebleeds? The combination of inflammation, irritation, and potential damage to nasal blood vessels from allergy symptoms and related behaviors (like frequent nose blowing) creates an environment conducive to nosebleeds.

Managing Allergies to Prevent Nosebleeds

Effectively controlling allergies can help reduce the frequency of nosebleeds. Consider these strategies:

• Use antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids as prescribed
• Employ saline nasal rinses to clear allergens and moisturize passages
• Practice allergen avoidance when possible
• Consider immunotherapy for long-term allergy management

By addressing the root cause of allergy symptoms, individuals can minimize nasal irritation and inflammation, thereby reducing their risk of nosebleeds.

Here’s What Causes Nosebleeds and How to Stop Them

When an adult has a nosebleed for no apparent reason, it could be related to medications, health conditions, or simply dry air.

By Jennifer J. Brown, PhDMedically Reviewed by Justin Laube, MD

Reviewed: February 27, 2020

Medically Reviewed

Nosebleeds are common, but usually brief and harmless.Antonio Diaz/iStock

Nosebleeds are common, and while the cause may be unclear at first, most cases are minor and can be managed from home.

Immediate causes of nosebleeds include trauma to the nose from an injury, deformities inside the nose, inflammation in the nose, or, in rare cases, intranasal tumors. Any of these conditions can cause the surface blood vessels in the nose to bleed.

Types of Nosebleeds

There are two types of nosebleeds: those that originate in the front of your nose, called anterior nosebleeds, and those that start in the back of it, or posterior nosebleeds.

Anterior nosebleeds are very common and typically not that dangerous. These types of nosebleeds can usually be treated at home. The most common origin site of an anterior nosebleed is the septum, or the part of the nose that separates your nostrils. It contains many blood vessels that can break from a simple scratch or a blow to the face.

Posterior nosebleeds, on the other hand, are much less common. These begin deeper in the nose when the nasal cavity is damaged and bleeds. Posterior nosebleeds can be dangerous; for example if blood leaks into your throat. An injury to the nose and high blood pressure are the most common causes of posterior nosebleeds.

Causes of Nosebleeds

Sudden and inexplicable nosebleeds may seem scary, but typically they’re not. To put you at ease in case you have one, we’ve assembled a list of common culprits, as well as tips on how to treat a bleeding nose and when to seek medical care.

1. Underlying Health Conditions

Liver disease, kidney disease, chronic alcohol consumption, or another underlying health condition can lower your blood’s ability to clot and therefore cause your nose to bleed.

Heart conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) and congestive heart failure can also cause nosebleeds, as can hypertensive crisis — a sudden, rapid increase in blood pressure that may be accompanied by a severe headache, shortness of breath, and anxiety, according to the American Heart Association (AHA).

Colds, allergies, and frequent nose-blowing can also irritate the lining of your nose, resulting in a nosebleed.

2. Dry Air

Dry air from indoor heating or outdoor cold can dry out the lining of the nose, causing it to crack and bleed. Using a humidifier while sleeping can help relieve dryness, and nasal sprays are helpful for moistening the nostrils.

3. Foreign Objects

Nosebleeds can also occur if a foreign object is placed in the nose. This is most common among small children, who explore their world by putting objects in their mouth, nose, or ears. Examples of these items include small toys, pebbles, food, erasers, and dirt.

4

. Blood-Thinning Medications

Because blood clotting is a necessary step in preventing or stopping a nosebleed, any medication that changes the blood’s ability to clot can cause a bloody nose — or make one harder to stop. Examples include anticoagulants like Coumadin or Jantoven (warfarin), the anti-platelet medication Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate), over-the-counter drugs like aspirin, and prescription or over-the-counter NSAIDS like naproxen.

Many people with the heart condition atrial fibrillation (afib), an irregular heartbeat, take anticoagulant medication to prevent blood clots from forming. And if you’ve had a heart attack, your doctor may have recommended a daily aspirin to help prevent a recurrence. Blood clots can lead to a stroke or heart attack if they travel through the blood and reach the brain or heart, but the anticoagulant medications commonly used to prevent clots carry an increased risk of bleeding.

5

. Nose Picking or Scratching

Accidental injury to the blood vessels in the nostril from nose picking can cause a nosebleed. This is common in children, but also in adults who are prone to itching or scratching inside their nose.

How to Stop a Bloody Nose at Home

• While sitting and leaning forward, use direct pressure to stop bleeding by pinching your nostrils shut for at least 10 minutes, breathing through your mouth.
• Alternatively, you can make a nose-pinching device using tongue depressors and tape.
• If bleeding starts again, use a nasal decongestant spray (such as Afrin, Dristan, or Vicks Sinex) to constrict the blood vessels of your nose, and again apply direct pressure to stop bleeding.

To prevent another bloody nose, use saline and topical ointments to moisturize inside your nose, but only once bleeding has stopped. And avoid picking or scratching your nose.

When to Get Help for Nosebleeds

Although most nosebleeds can be treated at home, some are severe and require medical attention. Kevin Campbell, MD, a cardiologist at Wake Heart and Vascular in Raleigh, North Carolina, says “Nosebleeds are rarely life-threatening. But under certain circumstances, such as if you’re taking blood thinners like aspirin or warfarin, nosebleeds can be quite concerning and require medical care.” In such cases, your healthcare provider may need to adjust the dose of blood-thinning medication, he says.

Having more than one nosebleed a week is also a sign that you should talk to your doctor. “If nosebleeds are recurrent — whether or not you’re on blood-thinning medications — it’s reasonable to seek help from your primary care physician,” says Dr. Campbell. He adds that recurrent nosebleeds may point to other, more significant medical conditions.

“You should certainly seek medical attention in an emergency room if your nosebleed lasts longer than a few minutes, or if you’re unable to stop the bleeding with direct manual pressure,” Campbell says.

Additional reporting by Ashley Welch

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One minute you’re fine and the next a steady stream of blood is gushing from your nose. A nosebleed occurs when one of the many fragile surface blood vessels in the nose break. Even if the particular cause of a nosebleed is unknown, most cases are minor and treatable from home.

Patients experience two kinds of nosebleeds. An anterior nosebleed occurs when the blood vessels in the front of the nose break and bleed. A posterior nosebleed occurs in the back or the deepest part of the nose. In this case, blood flows down the back of the throat. Posterior nosebleeds can be dangerous.

A nosebleed that comes out of nowhere for no apparent reason, however, is rarely dangerous.  To ease your mind, we’ve compiled a list reasons your nose might be bleeding “for no reason.”

Dry Air

During the winter months, dry air from indoor heating or outdoor cold can dry the lining of the nose, causing it to crack and bleed. A humidifier used while sleeping may relieve dryness and saline nasal sprays can  moisten the nostrils.

Nose Picking or Scratching

Accidental injury to the blood vessels in the nostril from nose picking can also cause a nosebleed. This is common in children, but also in adults who are prone to itching or scratching inside their noses.

Compulsive and habitual nose picking in adults is often classified as a Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs). BFRB is a general term for a group of related disorders that includes hair pulling, skin picking, nail biting, and nose picking. These behaviors are not habits or tics; rather, they are complex disorders that cause people to repeatedly touch their hair and body in ways that result in physical damage. Unfortunately, many people are unfamiliar with BFRBs. If you think you may have a BFRB, the first things you can do is research and talk to your medical care provider.

Blood-Thinning Medications

Blood thinners prevent blood clots from forming and they also keep existing blood clots from getting larger. Clots in your arteries, veins, and heart can cause heart attacks, strokes, and blockages. You may take a blood thinner if you have:

• Certain heart or blood vessel diseases
• An abnormal heart rhythm called atrial fibrillation
• A heart valve replacement
• A risk of blood clots after surgery
• Congenital heart defects

Because blood thinners change the blood’s ability to clot, they can cause the nose to bleed or make one harder to stop.

Underlying Health Conditions

Liver disease, kidney disease, chronic alcohol consumption, or another underlying health condition can lower the blood’s ability to clot and cause the nose to bleed.

Heart conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) and congestive heart failure can also cause nosebleeds. Hypertensive crisis which is a sudden, rapid increase in blood pressure accompanied a severe headache, shortness of breath, and anxiety can also cause the nose to bleed.

If you have or suspect you have an underlying health condition, you need to speak with a medical professional right away.

How to Prevent Nosebleeds

While you can’t always prevent nosebleeds, you can reduce your chances of getting them:

• Dryness can cause nosebleeds. To combat dryness, use a cotton swab to apply petroleum jelly to the inside of your nose at least three times a day. You can also use an antibiotic ointment like Bacitracin or Polysporin.
• Spraying a saline nasal product in your nostrils helps keep the inside of your nose moist. There are plenty of saline mists on the market. If you constantly suffer from sinus problems you might consider a nasal saline irrigation. Nasal saline irrigation uses a salt and water solution to flush out the nasal passages. One of the most popular is the Neti pot.
• Use a humidifier. Your nostrils might be dry because the air in your house is dry.
• Don’t smoke. Smoking can irritate the inside of your nose and dry it out.
• Don’t pick your nose. Also, don’t blow or rub it too hard. If your child is getting nosebleeds, keep his fingernails short and discourage him from picking his nose.
• Don’t use cold and allergy medications too often. These can dry out your nose. In some cases, certain medications can cause nosebleeds or make them worse. You may need to discuss your medications with your doctor. But keep taking them unless your doctor tells you to stop.

If you have a nosebleed that will not go away or you have questions about nosebleeds, give us a call at (662) 348-3342 . We will be happy to schedule an appointment for you.

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Bleeding from the nose due to trauma usually does not raise questions, but if it occurs without any mechanical impact, and even more often, this should alert

What can be the causes of frequent nosebleeds and how they can be cured – tells otorhinolaryngologist of the clinic “Semeynaya” Olga Pavlovna Soloshenko.

If the bleeding does not occur from trauma and recurs periodically, it is better not to delay the visit to the ENT. After all, bleeding can be anterior and posterior – the second happens less often, but it is much more dangerous. With anterior bleeding, blood only goes out, with posterior bleeding, it flows into the mouth or stomach along the back of the pharynx. Posterior is usually caused by damage to larger vessels that are located deep in the nasal cavity. It is very difficult to stop back bleeding without a doctor.

Causes of nosebleeds:

• Trauma. Injury to the nose is often fraught with cartilage fractures. As a rule, this is accompanied by swelling and pain.
• High blood pressure. Very common cause. Due to a sharp jump, the walls of the capillaries easily burst. Pressure rises due to overload, as well as in the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Sunstroke and any sudden increase in body temperature.
• Overwork.
• Hormonal changes. Bleeding may occur in women during the months of pregnancy or menopause, and in adolescents at puberty.
• Dry air. It causes dryness of the mucous membrane.
• Poor blood clotting.
• ENT diseases. Sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis – all of them can cause bleeding, especially with the constant use of drugs that thin the mucous membrane.
• Vascular problems. Even infectious diseases such as chickenpox, measles, influenza, etc. can lead to them.
• Polyps, adenoids, tumors. In addition to occasional bleeding, they simply make breathing difficult.
• Foreign body – can damage the mucous membranes and blood vessels.
• Deficiency of vitamins K, C and calcium.

First aid rules for nosebleeds:

• Lie down (or position the patient) with legs down
• Tilt head forward
• Place a cold compress on the bridge of the nose for a few minutes
• Cover nose with hand or insert swab pre-soaked in hydrogen peroxide
• Drops for vasoconstriction can be instilled

Attention, this must not be done!

• Throwing the head back (contrary to popular belief) – blood can enter the respiratory tract
• Blow your nose – so as not to increase bleeding without it.

Which cases require an immediate call to a doctor and an ambulance

• In case of loss of consciousness
• For excessive bleeding
• Blood flows with clear fluid (this may occur after trauma and indicate a skull fracture)
• If vomiting of blood occurs (possibly indicating bleeding in the esophagus or stomach)
• Foamy blood (possible with lung injury)
• In a patient with diabetes mellitus
• If the patient is known to have poor blood clotting

Treatment

Treatment of bleeding is carried out in a complex manner. Often, an otorhinolaryngologist works in conjunction with a general practitioner, neurologist, endocrinologist, and hematologist.

At the first examination, the doctor determines the type of bleeding – anterior or posterior. Also, the patient is required to pass a general blood test and a coagulogram (analysis of blood coagulation indicators). In addition, it is important to measure the pressure, because if it is above the norm (the absolute norm is 120/80 mm Hg, but these figures change depending on age), the blood will not stop until it decreases.

In case of significant blood loss, the patient may be left in the hospital.

As a treatment for bleeding, it is possible to pack the nasal cavity, cauterize vessels (with drugs, laser, ultrasound, etc.), remove polyps. If there is no result, surgical ligation of vessels in problem areas is performed. In addition, drugs are prescribed that increase blood clotting.

Prevention

• Taking drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels
• Nutrition rich in vitamins and minerals
• Air humidification during the heating season
• Injury Prevention
• Monitoring blood pressure and taking medications to lower it

Nosebleeds are not only unpleasant, but also dangerous. Therefore, as soon as it begins to bother you regularly, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. It is better to exclude all the most terrible causes of such a phenomenon as soon as possible and then it is already calmer to engage in further treatment.

Make an appointment with an otolaryngologist

Be sure to consult a qualified specialist in the field of nose diseases at the Semeynaya clinic.

For prices for pediatric appointments or other questions, follow the link below

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reasons why it goes, what to do if it often flows in adults and children

Table of contents

• Blood from the nose
• Causes of bleeding
• Species
• Symptoms
• Peculiarities
• In adults
• In children
• Possible complications and diseases
• What to do if nose bleeds often 9000 8
• Diagnosis
• When and which doctor to contact
• Treatment
• What is not recommended for nosebleeds
• Prevention

MOSCOW, January 19 – RIA Novosti. Nosebleeds are not always a dangerous symptom, but in certain situations, especially when they occur frequently, medical attention is required. The causes of nosebleeds in a child and an adult, under what diseases blood can flow and why you can’t lie in this condition – in the material of RIA Novosti.

Nosebleed

According to Ilya Almazov, Ph.D. The phenomenon is widespread among the entire population of the globe, about 60% of people during their lives have personally encountered this problem at least once. The central and protruding position of the nose in relation to the face makes it especially vulnerable to all kinds of injuries. At the same time, the rich blood supply of the nose and the presence inside it of a large number of blood vessels of the mucous membrane, close to the surface, predispose to bleeding not only from external physical influences, but also from changes in blood pressure and blood clotting. Most nosebleeds do not carry serious complications and can be eliminated even at home.

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reasons why blood

Expert identified the main causes of blood from the nose:

• Dry air leading to drying and thinning of the nasal mucosa. Under such conditions, even the usual daily toilet of the nose can damage the vessels of the mucosa and cause bleeding;
• active picking in the nose, blowing nose, putting foreign objects into the nose cause direct damage to the mucous membranes and blood vessels;
• concomitant inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis make the nasal mucosa loose and vulnerable;
• injuries to the head and face may be accompanied by severe nosebleeds, and in fractures of the base of the skull, even leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose;
• use of blood thinners such as aspirin, heparin, etc.;
• chemical irritants: substances in cleaning products, industrial fumes;
• a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure when climbing to a height;
• thinning of the mucosa due to frequent use of vasoconstrictor drops;
• blood diseases leading to increased bleeding – hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopenia, etc.

“Less common causes of epistaxis are alcohol use, bleeding disorders, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, facial and nasal surgery, tumors and nasal polyps, leukemia, pregnancy,” the expert added.

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Ilya Almazov clarifies that there are two main types of epistaxis.

Anterior nosebleed that starts at the anterior lower part of the nasal septum that separates both sides of the nose. The capillaries and small blood vessels in this area are fragile and are called “Kisselbach’s plexus” and can easily break and bleed. This is the most common type of nosebleed and is usually not serious. It is more common in children and in people who actively pick their nose. As a rule, does not require the help of a specialist.

Posterior nosebleed occurs deep inside the nasal cavity and is caused by damage to the larger blood vessels at the back of the nose near the throat. This is often severe haemorrhorrhea, which can run down the back of the throat, accumulate in the stomach, and cause blood to vomit. This type of epistaxis requires medical attention and is more common in adults.

© iStock.com / eternalcreativeNosebleed

© iStock.com / eternalcreative

Nosebleed

Symptoms

Slight bleeding with little blood loss does not cause much harm to the body and does not cause specific symptoms. But children and people with an unstable mental state can panic. With prolonged loss of blood, the following symptoms may appear:

• weakness in the body;
• dizziness;
• tinnitus;
• flies before eyes;
• palpitations;
• pale skin.

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If timely medical care is not provided at this stage, the symptoms worsen:

• shortness of breath appears and increases;
• blood pressure decreases;
• blue skin in the area of ​​the hands and feet.

Features

Bleeding from the nose can be different depending on age.

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In adults

nose – pathologies of ENT organs: sinusitis, rhinitis, abuse of vasoconstrictor drugs – all this leads to thinning of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages. Also a common cause is epistaxis against the background of arterial hypertension, when the thin walls of blood vessels are unable to cope with a sharp increase in pressure. The most common symptoms in adults are dizziness, severe weakness, tachycardia, tinnitus, and headache.

in children

© ISSTOCK.com / zinkevychenel stops the blood from the nose of the child

© Istock.com / zinkevych

Woman stops blood from the child

NAYA Georgieva also notes that children are most common The cause of blood from nose are injuries – both with blows to the nasal area, and with mechanical damage to the mucous membrane from the inside. Epistaxis in children is more often manifested by the outflow of blood from one nostril and may not be accompanied by concomitant symptoms.

Possible complications and illnesses

Complications of blood from the nose can be associated with both blood loss in general and ways to stop it. The most dangerous and frequent consequence is acute blood loss. It disrupts blood circulation and the normal functioning of the body, in particular, there is a decrease in hemoglobin and a decrease in the volume of red blood cells in the blood, anemia manifests itself, and the volume of circulating blood decreases. If bleeding continues, it can be fatal.

Complications associated with nosebleed stop methods relate to the anatomy and physiology of the mucous membranes. Thus, nasal tamponade can lead to compression of healthy vessels and disruption of the integrity of the nasal mucosa, which increases the risk of relapse.

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Bleeding from the nose may be associated with ongoing diseases, for example:

• infectious and allergic rhinitis;
• various tumors of the nose;
• mucosal atrophy;
• arterial hypertension;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• papillomavirus infection;
• pathology of the blood coagulation system.

What to do if your nose bleeds frequently

If your nose bleeds frequently, you should definitely consult a doctor to find out the cause and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis

© iStock.com / Tashi-Delek ECG

© iStock.com / Tashi-Delek

ECG

Determining the cause of a nosebleed begins with a history and general examination using a nasopharyngeal speculum and nasodilator. For an accurate diagnosis, additionally appoint:

• general clinical blood and urine tests;
• ultrasound;
• ECG;
• coagulogram;
• x-ray;
• MRI;
• CT.

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When and which doctor to contact

According to Ilya Almazov, if nosebleeds are regular, you should first contact a local doctor and an otorhinolaryngologist. If blood diseases are detected, the patient will be treated by a hematologist. Epistaxis can be a symptom of a number of diseases and be an independent phenomenon, so a thorough investigation is necessary. It is also necessary to contact a specialist if:

• bleeding has not stopped 15-20 minutes after all attempts to stop it;
• very rapid and voluminous bleeding, which threatens with blood loss;
• vomiting due to large amounts of swallowed blood;
• epistaxis due to trauma to the head and face;
• Feeling weak or tired, chills, shortness of breath, palpitations;
• bleeding began to occur with the start of a new drug;
• sudden nosebleeds accompanied by bruising and bruising all over the body.

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Treatment state. For example, if bleeding is associated with a violation of blood clotting, then hemostatics are prescribed, and if with hypovitaminosis, then a multivitamin complex is selected.

The first thing used to stop nose bleeding is anterior and posterior tamponade and hemostatic drugs. If such methods do not help, other procedures can be used:

• electrocoagulation – cauterization of blood vessels under the influence of electric current;
• radio wave method – cauterization of blood vessels using a special device that emits high-frequency radio waves through electrodes;
• cryocoagulation – cauterization of vessels with liquid nitrogen;
• laser coagulation – cauterization of blood vessels with a narrowly focused laser beam.

“Treatment of nosebleeds in a hospital setting involves acting on the cause that caused it, for example, high blood pressure, trauma. In addition, drugs that improve blood clotting are used – tranexamic acid, dicynone, etc. In severe cases posterior tamponade of the nose, endoscopic revision of the nasal cavity and transfusion of blood components help out,” said Ilya Almazov.

Acute, throbbing, squeezing: headache – causes and treatment or for help and notify about your condition. This is necessary in the event of the development of uncontrolled bleeding and to eliminate the risk of being left alone with the disease. It is necessary to calm down, remove all irritants, sit down, lean back slightly (but do not lie down). Put cold on the nose, press the nostrils with your fingers for 10 minutes and try again if necessary. It is useful to place cotton swabs in each nasal passage after applying two drops of Naphthyzinum on them. Naphthyzine constricts blood vessels and stops nosebleeds. If the bleeding does not stop within 20 minutes, you should consult a doctor.

“When bleeding from the nose, you can not throw your head back – otherwise the blood will enter the respiratory tract, provoke vomiting. When bleeding, it is forbidden to blow out blood, rinse your nose under pressure. You also can not take a horizontal position so as not to choke on blood,” added Neya Georgieva.

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• use saline nasal spray or saline nasal drops two to three times a day for each nostril to keep nasal passages moist.