How does ondansetron work to treat nausea and vomiting. What are the proper methods for taking ondansetron dissolving tablets. What potential side effects should patients be aware of when using ondansetron. How can ondansetron interact with other medications.

Understanding Ondansetron: A Powerful Anti-Nausea Medication

Ondansetron, commonly known by its brand name Zofran, is a medication primarily used to combat nausea and vomiting. It’s particularly effective for patients undergoing chemotherapy or recovering from surgery. But how does this medication work its magic?

Ondansetron functions by blocking serotonin, a natural substance in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting. By inhibiting serotonin’s effects, ondansetron helps alleviate these uncomfortable symptoms, providing relief to patients in various medical scenarios.

Key Features of Ondansetron

• Available in multiple forms, including oral dissolving tablets
• Effective against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
• Used to prevent post-operative nausea and vomiting
• Can be prescribed for both adults and children

Proper Administration of Ondansetron Dissolving Tablets

Ondansetron dissolving tablets, such as Zofran ODT, are designed for easy administration, especially for patients who have difficulty swallowing traditional pills. How should these tablets be taken for maximum effectiveness?

1. Ensure your hands are dry before handling the tablet.
2. Carefully peel back the foil backing of the blister pack.
3. Gently remove the tablet without pushing it through the foil.
4. Place the tablet on your tongue and allow it to dissolve.
5. Swallow after the tablet has fully dissolved.

Is water necessary when taking ondansetron dissolving tablets? While you can take these tablets with water, it’s not required. The tablet is designed to dissolve quickly in the mouth, making it an ideal option for patients experiencing nausea who may have difficulty swallowing liquids.

Potential Side Effects of Ondansetron

Like all medications, ondansetron can cause side effects in some patients. While many people tolerate the medication well, it’s crucial to be aware of potential adverse reactions. Which side effects should prompt immediate medical attention?

Serious Side Effects

• Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling of face, lips, or tongue)
• Breathing difficulties
• Confusion or dizziness
• Irregular heartbeat
• Seizures
• Severe sweating
• Unusual weakness or fatigue

Are there any common side effects that typically don’t require immediate medical attention? Yes, some patients may experience milder side effects such as constipation, diarrhea, or headaches. However, if these symptoms persist or become bothersome, it’s advisable to consult your healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions with Ondansetron

Ondansetron can interact with various medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Which medications should not be taken with ondansetron?

Medications to Avoid

• Apomorphine
• Certain antifungal medications (e.g., fluconazole, itraconazole)
• Cisapride
• Dofetilide
• Dronedarone
• Pimozide
• Thioridazine
• Ziprasidone

Can ondansetron interact with other common medications? Yes, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking, including:

• Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications
• Carbamazepine
• Fentanyl
• MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
• Phenytoin
• Rifampicin
• Tramadol

Special Considerations for Using Ondansetron

While ondansetron is generally safe and effective, certain medical conditions may require special attention when using this medication. What should patients disclose to their healthcare providers before starting ondansetron?

• Heart disease or history of irregular heartbeat
• Liver disease
• Low levels of magnesium or potassium in the blood
• Allergies to ondansetron or similar medications
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding status

Why is it crucial to inform healthcare providers about these conditions? These factors can influence how ondansetron affects your body, potentially increasing the risk of side effects or reducing its effectiveness. Your healthcare provider may need to adjust the dosage or consider alternative treatments based on your individual health profile.

Ondansetron Usage in Pediatric Patients

Ondansetron can be an effective treatment for nausea and vomiting in children, but special considerations apply. How should ondansetron be administered to pediatric patients?

Administration Methods for Children

• Liquid form: Use a medicine dropper or oral syringe to give small amounts inside the cheek
• For infants: Mix with a small amount of formula or breast milk
• Zofran ODT: Place under the tongue to dissolve (for older children who can’t swallow pills)

Why is it important to consult a pediatrician before giving ondansetron to children? Children may require different dosages based on their age, weight, and specific medical condition. A pediatrician can provide tailored guidance to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.

Proper Storage and Handling of Ondansetron

Correct storage of ondansetron is crucial to maintain its effectiveness and safety. How should this medication be stored?

• Keep out of reach of children
• Store between 2 and 30 degrees Celsius (36 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit)
• Discard any unused medicine after the expiration date

Why is proper storage important? Appropriate storage conditions help preserve the medication’s potency and prevent degradation. This ensures that when you need to use the ondansetron, it will be as effective as intended.

Managing Missed Doses of Ondansetron

Adhering to the prescribed dosing schedule is important for ondansetron’s effectiveness. However, missed doses can occur. How should patients handle a missed dose of ondansetron?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s nearly time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. It’s crucial not to double up or take extra doses to make up for the missed one.

Why is it important to avoid double dosing? Taking too much ondansetron can increase the risk of side effects without providing additional therapeutic benefit. Sticking to the prescribed schedule helps maintain a consistent level of the medication in your system for optimal effectiveness.

Tips for Remembering Your Medication

• Set alarms on your phone or watch
• Use a pill organizer
• Associate taking the medication with a daily routine (e.g., brushing teeth)
• Keep a medication log or calendar

Monitoring and Follow-up While Using Ondansetron

Regular monitoring is essential when using ondansetron, especially for long-term treatment. What should patients watch for while using this medication?

• Signs of allergic reactions
• Changes in heart rhythm
• Persistent or worsening nausea and vomiting
• New or unusual symptoms

Why is ongoing communication with your healthcare provider important? Your body’s response to ondansetron may change over time, and regular check-ins allow for timely adjustments to your treatment plan. This ensures you’re receiving the most effective and safe therapy for your condition.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

While ondansetron is generally well-tolerated, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical care:

• Severe chest pain or tightness
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Seizures
• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)

Alternative Anti-Nausea Treatments

While ondansetron is highly effective for many patients, it’s not the only option for managing nausea and vomiting. What other treatments might be considered?

Other Antiemetic Medications

• Granisetron
• Palonosetron
• Dolasetron
• Metoclopramide
• Promethazine

Non-Pharmacological Approaches

• Acupressure bands
• Ginger supplements
• Dietary modifications
• Relaxation techniques

Why might a healthcare provider recommend alternatives to ondansetron? Each patient’s response to antiemetic treatments can vary. Factors such as the underlying cause of nausea, potential drug interactions, and individual tolerance all play a role in determining the most suitable treatment approach.

Ondansetron in Special Populations

While ondansetron is widely used, certain populations require special consideration. How does ondansetron use differ in pregnant women, elderly patients, or those with liver disease?

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

The use of ondansetron during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, has been a topic of ongoing research and debate. While it’s sometimes prescribed for severe morning sickness (hyperemesis gravidarum), the potential risks and benefits must be carefully weighed. Breastfeeding mothers should also consult their healthcare providers before using ondansetron.

Elderly Patients

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of ondansetron, particularly its impact on heart rhythm. Dosage adjustments may be necessary, and closer monitoring is often recommended.

Liver Disease

Patients with liver impairment may metabolize ondansetron differently, potentially leading to higher blood levels of the medication. Healthcare providers may adjust the dosage or recommend alternative treatments in these cases.

Why is individualized treatment important for these populations? These groups may have unique physiological characteristics or concurrent health conditions that affect how ondansetron is processed and tolerated by the body. Tailored approaches ensure the safest and most effective use of the medication.

Future Developments in Anti-Nausea Treatment

The field of antiemetic therapy continues to evolve. What new developments are on the horizon for nausea and vomiting treatment?

Emerging Research Areas

• Novel drug delivery methods (e.g., transdermal patches, long-acting formulations)
• Combination therapies for enhanced efficacy
• Personalized medicine approaches based on genetic profiles
• Investigation of cannabinoid-based antiemetics

How might these developments impact patient care? Future advancements could lead to more targeted treatments with fewer side effects, improved quality of life for patients undergoing chemotherapy or dealing with chronic nausea, and potentially more cost-effective management of nausea and vomiting across various medical conditions.

Patient Education and Empowerment

Effective use of ondansetron relies not only on proper prescription and administration but also on patient understanding and engagement. How can patients become more empowered in managing their treatment with ondansetron?

Key Strategies for Patient Empowerment

• Ask questions about your medication and treatment plan
• Keep a symptom diary to track effectiveness and side effects
• Learn to recognize signs that warrant medical attention
• Understand potential drug interactions and lifestyle factors that may affect treatment
• Participate in support groups or educational programs related to your condition

Why is patient education crucial in antiemetic therapy? Informed patients are better equipped to adhere to their treatment plans, recognize potential issues early, and communicate effectively with their healthcare providers. This collaborative approach can lead to improved outcomes and a better overall treatment experience.

Resources for Further Information

Patients seeking additional information about ondansetron and antiemetic therapy can explore the following resources:

• National Cancer Institute (for cancer-related nausea and vomiting)
• American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) patient information
• FDA medication guides
• Reputable online medical libraries and patient portals

Remember, while these resources provide valuable information, they should complement, not replace, the guidance provided by your healthcare team. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice regarding your ondansetron treatment.

Ondansetron oral dissolving tablet

Brand Name: Zofran ODT

What is this medicine?

ONDANSETRON (on DAN se tron) is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It is also used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting after surgery.

How should I use this medicine?

These tablets are made to dissolve in the mouth. Do not try to push the tablet through the foil backing. With dry hands, peel away the foil backing and gently remove the tablet. Place the tablet in the mouth and allow it to dissolve, then swallow. While you may take these tablets with water, it is not necessary to do so.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:

• allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• breathing problems
• confusion
• dizziness
• fast or irregular heartbeat
• feeling faint or lightheaded, falls
• fever and chills
• loss of balance or coordination
• seizures
• sweating
• swelling of the hands and feet
• tightness in the chest
• tremors
• unusually weak or tired

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):

• constipation or diarrhea
• headache

What may interact with this medicine?

Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications:

• apomorphine
• certain medicines for fungal infections like fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole
• cisapride
• dofetilide
• dronedarone
• pimozide
• thioridazine
• ziprasidone

This medicine may also interact with the following medications:

• carbamazepine
• certain medicines for depression, anxiety, or psychotic disturbances
• fentanyl
• linezolid
• MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate
• methylene blue (injected into a vein)
• other medicines that prolong the QT interval (cause an abnormal heart rhythm)
• phenytoin
• rifampicin
• tramadol

What if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.

Where should I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store between 2 and 30 degrees C (36 and 86 degrees F). Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:

• heart disease
• history of irregular heartbeat
• liver disease
• low levels of magnesium or potassium in the blood
• an unusual or allergic reaction to ondansetron, granisetron, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Check with your doctor or health care professional as soon as you can if you have any sign of an allergic reaction.

NOTE:This sheet is a summary. It may not cover all possible information. If you have questions about this medicine, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider. Copyright© 2020 Elsevier

Ondansetron (Zofran)

How does this medicine work?

Ondansetron (on-dan-se-tron) is a medicine used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting.

How should I give it?

Ondansetron may be given by mouth as a liquid, pill, or tablet; or in a vein (IV). It may be given in one of these ways:

• as needed
• at regular times
• continuously through an IV

Your child should be awake and alert when taking any medicine by mouth. Follow the checked instructions below:

___ If using the liquid form, draw up the correct amount in the medicine dropper or oral syringe. Give a small squirt of the medicine inside the cheek. To avoid choking, let your child swallow each squirt before giving more.

___ For babies, you may want to mix the medicine with a small amount of formula or breast milk and give it with a bottle nipple before feeding. Do not add the medicine to a whole bottle because if your baby does not finish it, you will not know how much of the medicine was taken.

___ For older children who cannot swallow pills, a special tablet called Zofran ODT (oral disintegrating tablet) is available. Place it under the tongue and it will dissolve.

Other instructions:

Are there any precautions about food or other medicines?

This medicine may be given with or without food.

Check with the doctor, nurse practitioner, or pharmacist before giving any other prescription or non-prescription medicines, herbs, or vitamins.

What should I do if a dose is missed?

If a dose is missed, give it as soon as you remember. Never give a double dose.

If your child vomits a regular dose (not of the ODT type) within 30 minutes after receiving it, give it again. If your child vomits the second dose, do not repeat it again. If your child vomits an ODT dose, do not repeat it. Ondansetron ODT is absorbed into the body right away.

If your child misses or vomits two doses in a row, please call the clinic.

What are the side effects?

Common

• headache
• constipation

Occasional

• fatigue
• change in liver tests (with long-term use)
• diarrhea
• feeling dizzy

When should I call the clinic?

• continued vomiting after 2 doses
• signs of allergic reaction:
  • fever or chills
  • rash or hives
  • wheezing
  • trouble breathing – call 911

What else do I need to know?

You and your child should know the names and doses of all medicines he or she is taking. Share this information with anyone involved in your child’s care. Please remember to bring the medicine container when your child comes to the clinic or emergency department.

Always make sure you have enough medicine on hand. Each time you refill the prescription, check to see how many refills are left. If no refills are left, the pharmacy will need 2 or 3 days to contact the clinic to renew the prescription.

Check the label and the expiration date before giving each dose. Ask your pharmacist what to do with outdated or unused medications. Empty them into the trash if there is no “take-back” program.

Store all medicines in their original containers and away from direct sunlight or heat. Do not store in humid places such as the bathroom. Keep them out of children’s reach; lock up if possible.

If too much or the wrong kind of medicine is taken, call the Poison Control Center toll-free at 1-800-222-1222. If your child is unconscious or has a seizure, call 911.

Questions?

This sheet is not specific to your child but provides general information. If you have any questions, please call the clinic or pharmacy.

Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota
Patient/Family Education
2525 Chicago Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55404
Last reviewed 8/2015 ©Copyright

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Ondansetron, solution | Borimed

Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytostatic chemo or radio therapy

Adult patients

The selection of dosing regime is determined by the severity of the emetogenic effect of antitumor therapy, depends on the dose and combination of the drugs used. The route of administration and daily dose of ondansetron may vary within the dose range of 8 mg to 32 mg.

Emethogenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Ondansetron may be administered rectally, orally (tablets or syrup), intravenously or intramuscularly.

For most patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation therapy, ondansetron 8 mg should be given as a slow intravenous injection (over at least 30 seconds) or intramuscular injection immediately prior to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, followed by 8 mg orally every 12 hours

Ondansetron (oral or rectal) is recommended for the prevention of delayed or prolonged emesis during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and should be continued for a further 5 days.

Highly emetogenic chemotherapy

For patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, such as high doses of cisplatin, ondansetron can be given rectally, orally (tablets or syrup), intravenously, or intramuscularly. Ondansetron is prescribed according to the following (equally effective) dosing regimens during the first 24 hours of chemotherapy:

– a single dose of 8 mg intravenously slowly (at least 30 seconds) or intramuscularly immediately before chemotherapy;

A single dose of 8 mg intravenously slowly (over at least 30 seconds) or intramuscularly immediately before chemotherapy, followed by two additional intravenous (at least 30 seconds) or intramuscular injections of 8 mg every 4 hours or continuous infusion at a rate of 1 mg/h for 24 hours;

– a single maximum initial dose of 16 mg, intravenously, diluted in 50-100 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or other compatible infusion fluid for at least 15 minutes immediately before chemotherapy. The initial dose of ondansetron may be followed by two additional (at a dose of 8 mg) intravenous (slow, over 30 seconds) or intramuscular injections every 4 hours. Ondansetron should not be given in a single dose exceeding 16 mg, due to the risk of increasing the length of the interval Qt.

The choice of dosing regimen is determined by the severity of emetogenic therapy. The effectiveness of ondansetron in highly emetogenic chemotherapy can be enhanced by a single intravenous administration of dexamethasone sodium at a dose of 20 mg before chemotherapy.

To prevent delayed or prolonged emesis, ondansetron (oral or rectal) is recommended for the first 24 hours after chemotherapy or radiotherapy and continued for a further 5 days.

Children

Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by cytostatic chemotherapy in children ≥ 6 months of age

For children, the dose of ondansetron may be calculated based on surface area or body weight (see below). Ondansetron is administered intravenously, by infusion, in 25-50 ml of saline or other compatible infusion fluid over at least 15 minutes. There are no data from controlled clinical trials on the use of ondansetron for the prevention of delayed or prolonged nausea and vomiting during emetogenic chemotherapy in children.

There are no data from controlled clinical trials on the use of ondansetron for the treatment of nausea and vomiting during radiotherapy in children.

Dose calculation based on body surface area

Ondansetron should be administered immediately prior to chemotherapy as a single intravenous injection at a dose of 5 mg/m ² . A single intravenously administered dose should not exceed 8 mg.

Oral administration may begin after 12 hours and continue for up to 5 days.

The total dose over 24 hours (as divided doses) should not exceed 32 mg.

Dose calculation chart based on body surface area in children 6 months of age and older and adolescents for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.

Notes:

• intravenous dose should not exceed 8 mg.
• the total daily dose (administered intravenously and orally) should not exceed 32 mg.

Doses of ondansetron for children may be calculated based on body weight. In this case, the total daily dose calculated on the basis of body weight is greater than the total daily dose calculated on the basis of body surface area.

Ondansetron should be administered intravenously immediately prior to chemotherapy as a single dose of 0.15 mg/kg. A single intravenous dose should not exceed 8 mg. Two more intravenous injections at a dose of 0.15 mg / kg can be administered with an interval of 4 hours. Oral administration of the drug can be started 12 hours after the end of chemotherapy and continued for up to 5 days.

Weight-Based Dose Chart in Children 6 Months of Age and Adolescents for the Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting.

Notes:

• intravenous dose should not exceed 8 mg.
• the total daily dose (administered intravenously and orally) should not exceed 32 mg.

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Adult patients.

For the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, ondansetron can be used in oral form or by intravenous or intramuscular injection. Ondansetron can be administered intramuscularly in a single dose of 4 mg or by slow intravenous injection at the induction of anesthesia.

For the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, a single intramuscular or slow intravenous dose of 4 mg is used.

Children

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children ≥ 1 month of age and adolescents.

For the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, a single dose of ondansetron is used as a slow intravenous injection at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (maximum 4 mg) before, during, or after anesthesia.

There are no data on the use of ondansetron for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children under 2 years of age.

Use in special patient groups.

Elderly patients.

For patients aged 65 to 74 years, dose adjustment is not required. There is limited experience with the drug in patients over 65 years of age for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, however, it is known that elderly patients well tolerate Ondansetron, prescribed for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

For patients aged 75 years and older, the initial intravenous dose of ondansetron should not exceed 8 mg. All doses for intravenous infusion should be diluted in 50-100 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or other compatible infusion fluid and administered over 15 minutes. The initial dose of 8 mg may be followed by two additional intravenous doses of 8 mg given over 15 minutes and at least 4 hours apart.

Patients with impaired renal function.

No dosage adjustment required.

Patients with impaired liver function.

In patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment, the clearance of ondansetron is significantly reduced, the half-life is significantly increased. In such patients, the daily dose of ondansetron should not exceed 8 mg.

Patients with a slow metabolism of sparteine-debrizoquine.

In patients with a slow metabolism of spartein and debrisoquine, the half-life of ondansetron is not changed. Therefore, when the drug is re-administered to such patients, its plasma concentration will not differ from that in patients in the general population. Therefore, adjustment of the daily dose or dosing frequency of ondansetron is not required in this case.

Ondansetron Injection 2 mg/ml Ampoules 4 ml 5 pcs

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Product code:
36086

Manufacturer:
Sotex

Country of origin:
Russia

Release form:
Ampoules

Active ingredients:
Ondansetron

Dispensing order:
By prescription

There are contraindications, consult your doctor

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Price:

281 ₽

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The price is valid only when ordering on the site

There are contraindications, consult a doctor

Manufacturer:
Sotex

Country of origin:
Russia

Release form:
Ampoules

Active ingredients:
Ondansetron

Dispensing order:
Prescription

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Instructions for use

Active ingredients Ampoules

Composition

1 ml ondansetron (as hydrochloride dihydrate) 2 mg. Excipients: disodium edetate dihydrate – 1.5 mg, sodium hydroxide – 0.2-1 mg.

Pharmacological effect

Antiemetic. Effectively prevents and eliminates nausea and vomiting that occur against the background of antitumor chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as in the postoperative period. The mechanism of action is due to the ability of ondansetron to selectively block serotonin 5-HT3 receptors. It is believed that stimulation of the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve by serotonin released from the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa plays an important role in the occurrence of nausea and vomiting during antitumor therapy. By blocking 5-HT3 receptors, ondansetron prevents the occurrence of a gag reflex. In addition, ondansetron inhibits the central links of the gag reflex by blocking 5-HT3 receptors in the bottom of the IV ventricle (area postrema).

Indications

Prevention of nausea and vomiting during anticancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy. prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period.

Contraindications

I trimester of pregnancy, hypersensitivity to ondansetron.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Ondansetron is contraindicated for use in the first trimester of pregnancy. If necessary, use during lactation should stop breastfeeding.

Method of administration and dosage

Individual, depending on indications and treatment regimen.

Side effects

From the side of the central nervous system: headaches. rarely – transient visual disturbances and dizziness (with rapid on / in the introduction), involuntary movements. From the side of the cardiovascular system: rarely – chest pain, arrhythmias, bradycardia, arterial hypotension. From the digestive system: constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, transient increase in the level of transaminases in the blood serum. Allergic reactions: rarely – bronchospasm, angioedema, urticaria. in some cases – anaphylactic reactions. Others: a feeling of warmth and a rush of blood to the head and epigastric region.

Special instructions

From the side of the central nervous system: headaches. rarely – transient visual disturbances and dizziness (with rapid on / in the introduction), involuntary movements. From the side of the cardiovascular system: rarely – chest pain, arrhythmias, bradycardia, arterial hypotension. From the digestive system: constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, transient increase in the level of transaminases in the blood serum. Allergic reactions: rarely – bronchospasm, angioedema, urticaria. in some cases – anaphylactic reactions. Others: a feeling of warmth and a rush of blood to the head and epigastric region.

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Yes

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