Pain in arm after electric shock. Understanding Arm Pain After Electric Shock: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
What are the potential causes of arm pain following an electric shock. How can you identify serious symptoms that require immediate medical attention. What diagnostic tests and treatments are available for electric shock-related arm injuries.
The Nature of Arm Pain After Electric Shock
Arm pain following an electric shock is a concerning symptom that shouldn’t be ignored. When electrical current passes through the body, it can cause a range of injuries to muscles, nerves, bones, and other tissues. The severity of these injuries depends on several factors, including the strength of the current, duration of exposure, and the path the electricity takes through the body.
Electrical injuries can lead to both external and internal damage. While visible burns on the skin may be apparent, it’s crucial to understand that significant harm can occur beneath the surface without obvious external signs. This is why medical evaluation is essential even if the pain seems minor at first.
Factors Influencing the Severity of Electric Shock Injuries
The impact of an electric shock on the human body varies based on several key factors:
- Amperage of the electrical current
- Voltage of the source
- Type of current (AC or DC)
- Path of the current through the body
- Duration of contact with the electrical source
- The individual’s overall health and medical conditions
- Presence of moisture or conductive materials
Higher amperage and voltage generally result in more severe injuries. Alternating current (AC) is often more dangerous than direct current (DC) at the same voltage because it can cause repetitive muscle contractions, making it harder for a person to let go of the electrical source.
Common Symptoms Associated with Electric Shock Injuries
Arm pain after an electric shock may be accompanied by various other symptoms, some of which can indicate serious injury:
- Burns (ranging from mild to severe)
- Numbness or tingling sensations
- Muscle weakness or paralysis
- Swelling (potentially indicating compartment syndrome)
- Bone fractures or dislocations
- Confusion or disorientation
- Loss of consciousness
- Seizures
- Irregular heartbeat or cardiac arrest
Any of these symptoms, especially when combined with arm pain, warrant immediate medical attention. Even if symptoms appear mild initially, they can worsen over time as the full extent of the injury becomes apparent.
Diagnosing Electric Shock Injuries
When a patient presents with arm pain following an electric shock, healthcare providers will conduct a thorough evaluation to assess the extent of the injury. This typically involves:
- A detailed medical history, including information about the electric shock incident
- Physical examination to check for visible injuries and assess neurological function
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor heart rhythm and detect any cardiac abnormalities
- Blood tests to check for muscle damage markers and electrolyte imbalances
- Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to identify internal injuries or fractures
- Nerve conduction studies to assess potential nerve damage
These diagnostic tools help healthcare providers determine the severity of the injury and guide appropriate treatment strategies.
Treatment Approaches for Electric Shock-Related Arm Pain
The treatment of arm pain and associated injuries from electric shock depends on the severity and specific nature of the damage. Common approaches include:
- Immediate first aid and stabilization
- Pain management using appropriate medications
- Burn care, which may range from topical treatments to surgical interventions
- Treatment of any fractures or dislocations
- Management of potential complications like compartment syndrome
- Cardiac monitoring and treatment of arrhythmias if present
- Physical therapy to restore function and strength
- Occupational therapy to assist with daily activities and work-related tasks
- Psychological support to address trauma associated with the injury
In severe cases, patients may require intensive care and long-term rehabilitation to regain optimal function and manage ongoing symptoms.
Long-Term Effects and Prognosis
The long-term outlook for individuals experiencing arm pain after an electric shock varies widely depending on the severity of the initial injury and the promptness of treatment. Some potential long-term effects include:
- Chronic pain syndromes
- Reduced range of motion or strength in the affected arm
- Neurological deficits such as persistent numbness or weakness
- Scarring from burns or surgical interventions
- Psychological impacts, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Increased risk of certain health conditions, such as cataracts or kidney problems
Many patients recover fully with appropriate care, while others may experience lasting effects that require ongoing management. Early and comprehensive treatment significantly improves the chances of a positive outcome.
Prevention Strategies for Electric Shock Injuries
Preventing electric shock injuries is crucial for avoiding the potentially devastating consequences, including arm pain and other symptoms. Key prevention strategies include:
- Proper maintenance of electrical systems and appliances
- Use of ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) in areas with water exposure
- Avoiding the use of electrical devices near water
- Teaching children about electrical safety from an early age
- Wearing appropriate protective equipment when working with electricity
- Staying away from downed power lines and reporting them immediately
- Following safety guidelines in industrial and construction settings
By implementing these preventive measures, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of experiencing electric shock injuries and the associated pain and complications.
Legal Considerations and Seeking Compensation
In cases where arm pain and other injuries result from electric shock due to negligence or faulty equipment, legal recourse may be available. Victims of electric shock injuries might consider:
- Consulting with an experienced electrocution lawyer
- Documenting all medical treatments and related expenses
- Gathering evidence related to the incident, including witness statements and photographs
- Filing workers’ compensation claims if the injury occurred on the job
- Exploring potential product liability claims for faulty electrical devices
- Seeking compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering
Legal professionals specializing in electrical injury cases can provide guidance on the best course of action and help victims secure fair compensation for their injuries and ongoing care needs.
Advances in Treatment and Rehabilitation
As medical science progresses, new approaches to treating electric shock injuries and managing associated arm pain continue to emerge. Some promising developments include:
- Advanced burn treatment techniques, including skin grafts and tissue engineering
- Innovative pain management strategies, such as neuromodulation
- Targeted physical therapy protocols designed specifically for electrical injury patients
- Virtual reality applications for rehabilitation and pain management
- Stem cell therapies to promote tissue regeneration and healing
- Novel pharmacological interventions to address neurological symptoms
These advancements offer hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for individuals suffering from arm pain and other complications following electric shock injuries.
The Role of Support Groups and Mental Health Services
Recovering from an electric shock injury can be a challenging process, both physically and emotionally. Support groups and mental health services play a crucial role in the overall recovery process:
- Connecting with others who have experienced similar injuries
- Sharing coping strategies and practical tips for daily living
- Addressing anxiety, depression, and PTSD related to the injury
- Providing a safe space to discuss fears and frustrations
- Offering resources for family members and caregivers
- Facilitating access to specialized services and information
Engaging with these support systems can significantly enhance the recovery journey and help individuals adapt to life after an electric shock injury.
Ongoing Research and Future Directions
The field of electrical injury research continues to evolve, with scientists and medical professionals working to improve understanding and treatment of conditions like arm pain after electric shock. Current areas of focus include:
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- Developing more accurate diagnostic tools to assess the extent of internal damage
- Investigating the long-term effects of low-voltage electrical injuries
- Exploring potential genetic factors that influence susceptibility to electrical injury
- Studying the mechanisms of electrical injury at the cellular level
- Creating more effective rehabilitation protocols tailored to electric shock survivors
- Innovating in the field of prosthetics and assistive devices for those with lasting impairments
This ongoing research holds promise for enhancing prevention strategies, improving treatment outcomes, and potentially reversing some of the long-term effects of electrical injuries.
The Importance of Public Education and Awareness
Raising public awareness about the dangers of electric shock and the importance of electrical safety is crucial for reducing the incidence of these injuries. Key aspects of public education efforts include:
- Incorporating electrical safety lessons into school curricula
- Conducting community outreach programs to educate adults about home electrical safety
- Partnering with utility companies to disseminate safety information
- Utilizing social media and other digital platforms to spread awareness
- Developing clear, multilingual safety materials for diverse populations
- Promoting National Electrical Safety Month and other awareness initiatives
By increasing knowledge and promoting safe practices, these educational efforts can play a significant role in preventing electric shock injuries and the resulting arm pain and other complications.
Workplace Safety and Regulatory Considerations
Given that many electric shock injuries occur in occupational settings, workplace safety measures and regulations are critical for prevention. Key considerations include:
- Strict adherence to OSHA electrical safety standards
- Regular safety training for employees working with or around electrical equipment
- Implementation of lockout/tagout procedures for maintenance and repair work
- Proper insulation and grounding of electrical systems and equipment
- Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) appropriate for electrical work
- Regular inspections and maintenance of electrical infrastructure
- Clear labeling of electrical hazards and safety protocols
Employers and workers alike have a responsibility to prioritize electrical safety and follow established guidelines to minimize the risk of injuries.
The Impact of Climate Change on Electrical Hazards
Climate change and its associated extreme weather events can increase the risk of electrical injuries, including those resulting in arm pain. Consider the following factors:
- Increased frequency of storms and flooding, leading to more downed power lines
- Greater strain on electrical grids during heatwaves, potentially causing equipment failures
- Rising sea levels threatening coastal electrical infrastructure
- More wildfires damaging power lines and creating hazardous conditions
- Changes in precipitation patterns affecting hydroelectric power generation
As climate patterns shift, it becomes increasingly important to adapt electrical infrastructure and safety protocols to mitigate these emerging risks and protect individuals from electric shock injuries.
Technological Innovations in Electrical Safety
Advancements in technology are playing a crucial role in enhancing electrical safety and reducing the risk of injuries that can lead to arm pain and other complications. Some notable innovations include:
- Smart circuit breakers that can detect and prevent electrical faults more effectively
- Arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) that protect against electrical fires
- Advanced personal protective equipment with integrated sensors and alarms
- Augmented reality systems for safer electrical maintenance and repair work
- AI-powered monitoring systems for early detection of electrical system anomalies
- Improved insulation materials with enhanced durability and safety features
These technological advancements offer promising solutions for reducing the incidence of electric shock injuries and improving overall electrical safety in various settings.
As we continue to explore the complexities of arm pain following electric shock, it’s clear that a multifaceted approach involving medical treatment, rehabilitation, prevention, and ongoing research is essential. By combining advanced medical care with robust safety measures and public education, we can work towards reducing the incidence and impact of these injuries, ensuring better outcomes for those affected, and creating a safer electrical environment for all.
Pain In Arm After Electric Shock: Should I Be Worried?
Pain in the arm after an electric shock is something to be worried about. Electricity traveling through a person’s arm can cause injuries such as burns, muscle damage, tissue damage, nerve damage, broken bones and dislocations. Pain may be a symptom of these injuries. Prompt medical attention is needed.
What is pain in the arm after electric shock?
Pain in the arm after an electric shock occurs when a person comes into contact with a source of electricity which directly or indirectly sends an electrical current passing through the person’s arm, potentially causing both internal and external injuries.
What if I have swelling in my arm?
Arm pain may be accompanied by swelling of the arm. This phenomenon, which is called “compartment syndrome,” occurs when the shock causes muscle damage that compresses a person’s arteries and, thus, causes a person’s arm or other limbs to swell.
Broken arm
If you’re experiencing extreme pain, then you may have suffered a broken bone caused by the electrical current as it passed through your arm.
What affects the severity pain in the arm after an electric shock?
The factors that will affect the severity of pain resulting include:
- The amperage of the electrical current
- The pathway that the electric current takes as it passes through a person’s arm and whether it damages tissue, muscle and/or bone
- The length of time that a victim was in contact with the electrical source
- A victim’s health and/or medical condition prior to suffering an electric shock
- The type of electrical current that’s involved (e.g., direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC))
Symptoms
If you suffer any the following symptoms associated with arm pain, then you should seek immediate medical attention:
- Burns
- Loss of consciousness
- Numbness
- Tingling (the feeling often described as “pins and needles”)
- Paralysis
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Swelling
Diagnosis and tests for pain in the arm after electric shock
When you seek medical attention, your doctor will conduct a physical examination and ask about how your injury occurred and for details about your medical history.
Your doctor may also order one or more of the following tests to assist in diagnosing the nature of your injury:
- Electrocardiogram or ECG to check your heart
- CT scans
- X-rays (which will detect fractures or dislocations)
- Check your blood count
- Run blood and/or urine tests for the presence of muscle enzymes that are indicative of electric shock-related muscle injury
Need help from an experienced electrocution lawyer?
If you or someone you love is a victim of serious personal injury or death caused by electricity, please call us toll free at (800) 548-0043 for a free consultation.
Author
Jeffrey H. Feldman
Electrocution Lawyer
Jeffrey has tried more electrocution cases than most other injury lawyers in the country. He’s also secured several multi-million dollar verdicts and settlements on behalf of his clients, many who have lost loved ones in electrocution accidents.
He’s an honest lawyer. If he takes on a case, it’s because he truly believes in it.
– L.B.
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Electrical Injuries – Injuries and Poisoning
By
Daniel P. Runde
, MD, MME, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Reviewed/Revised Mar 2022 | Modified Sep 2022
VIEW PROFESSIONAL VERSION
An electrical injury occurs when a current passes through the body, interfering with the function of an internal organ or sometimes burning tissue.
Often the main symptom is a skin burn, but not all serious injuries are visible.
Doctors check the person for abnormal heart rhythms, fractures, dislocations, and spinal cord or other injuries.
Abnormal heart rhythms are monitored, burns are treated, and, if the burn caused extensive internal damage, intravenous fluids and other treatments are given.
Electrical injury may result from contact with faulty electrical appliances or machinery or inadvertent contact with household wiring or electrical power lines. Getting shocked from touching an electrical outlet in the home or by a small appliance is rarely serious, but accidental exposure to high voltage causes about 300 deaths each year in the United States.
Electrical current passing through the body generates heat, which burns and destroys tissues. Burns can affect internal tissues as well as the skin. An electrical shock can short-circuit the body’s own electrical systems, causing nerves to stop transmitting impulses or to transmit impulses erratically. Abnormal impulse transmission can affect the
Muscles, causing them to contract violently
Heart, causing it to stop beating (cardiac arrest Cardiac Arrest and CPR Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood and oxygen to the brain and other organs and tissues.
Sometimes a person can be revived after cardiac arrest, particularly if treatment is… read more )Brain, causing seizures Seizure Disorders In seizure disorders, the brain’s electrical activity is periodically disturbed, resulting in some degree of temporary brain dysfunction. Many people have unusual sensations just before a seizure… read more , loss of consciousness Fainting Light-headedness (near syncope) is a sense that one is about to faint. Fainting (syncope) is a sudden, brief loss of consciousness during which the person falls to the ground or slumps in a… read more , or other abnormalities
Sometimes a person can be revived after cardiac arrest, particularly if treatment is… read more )The severity of the injury ranges from minor to fatal and is determined by the following factors:
Intensity of the current
Type of current
Pathway of the current through the body
Duration of exposure to the current
Electrical resistance to the current
The intensity of the current is measured in volts and amperes.
Ordinary household current in the United States is 110 to 220 volts. In many other countries, standard household current is 220 volts. A standard electrical outlet in the US is 110 volts, and 220 volts is used for large appliances such as dryers or refrigerators. Anything over 500 volts is considered high voltage. High voltage can jump (arc) through the air anywhere from an inch up to several feet, depending on the voltage. Thus, a person may be injured simply by coming too close to a high-voltage line. High voltage causes more severe injuries than low voltage and is more likely to cause internal damage.
Electrical current is categorized as direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). Direct current, such as current generated by batteries, flows in the same direction constantly. Alternating current, such as current available through household wall sockets connected to the power grid, changes direction 50 to 60 times per second.
Alternating current is more dangerous than direct current.
Direct current tends to cause a single muscle contraction often strong enough to force people away from the current’s source. Alternating current causes a continuing muscle contraction, often preventing people from releasing their grip on the current’s source. As a result, exposure may be prolonged. Even a small amount of alternating current—barely enough to be felt as a mild shock—may cause the grip to freeze. Slightly more alternating current can cause the chest muscles to contract, making breathing impossible. Even more current can cause deadly abnormal heart rhythms Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are sequences of heartbeats that are irregular, too fast, too slow, or conducted via an abnormal electrical pathway through the heart. Heart disorders are… read more (arrhythmias).
The path that the electricity takes through the body tends to determine which tissues are affected. Because alternating current continually reverses direction, the commonly used terms “entry” and “exit” are inappropriate.
The terms “source” and “ground” are more precise. The most common source point for electricity is the hand, and the second most common is the head. The most common ground point is the foot. A current that travels from arm to arm or from arm to leg may go through the heart and is much more dangerous than a current that travels between a leg and the ground. A current that travels through the head may affect the brain.
In general, the longer the person is exposed to the current, the worse the injury.
Resistance is the ability to impede the flow of electricity. Most of the body’s resistance is concentrated in the skin. The thicker the skin is, the greater its resistance. A thick, callused palm or sole, for example, is much more resistant to electrical current than an area of thin skin, such as an inner arm. The skin’s resistance decreases when broken (for example, punctured or scraped) or when wet. If skin resistance is high, more of the damage is local, often causing only skin burns Burns .
If skin resistance is low, more of the damage affects the internal organs. Thus, the damage is mostly internal if people who are wet come in contact with electrical current, for example, when a hair dryer falls into a bathtub or people step in a puddle that is in contact with a downed electrical line.
Often, the main symptom of an electrical injury is a skin burn, although not all electrical injuries cause external damage. High-voltage injuries may cause massive internal burns. If muscle damage is extensive, a limb may swell so much that its arteries become compressed (compartment syndrome Compartment Syndrome Compartment syndrome is increased pressure in the space around certain muscles. It occurs when injured muscles swell so much that they cut off their blood supply. Pain in the injured limb increases… read more ), cutting off blood supply to the limb. If a current travels close to the eyes, it may lead to cataracts Cataract A cataract is a clouding (opacity) of the lens of the eye that causes a progressive, painless loss of vision.
Vision may be blurred, contrast may be lost, and halos may be visible around lights… read more . Cataracts can develop within days of the injury or years later. If large amounts of muscle are damaged (a disorder called rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscle fibers damaged by disease, injury, or toxic substances break down and release their contents into the bloodstream. Severe disease can cause acute kidney injury… read more ), a chemical substance, myoglobin, is released into the blood. The myoglobin can damage the kidneys.
Young children who bite or suck on electrical cords can burn their mouth and lips. These burns may cause facial deformities and growth problems of the teeth, jaw, and face. An added danger is that severe bleeding from an artery in the lip may occur when the scab falls off, usually 5 to 10 days after the injury.
A minor shock may cause muscle pain and may trigger mild muscle contractions or startle people, causing a fall.
Severe shocks can cause abnormal heart rhythms Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are sequences of heartbeats that are irregular, too fast, too slow, or conducted via an abnormal electrical pathway through the heart. Heart disorders are… read more , ranging from inconsequential to immediately fatal. Severe shocks can also trigger powerful muscle contractions sufficient to throw people to the ground or to cause joint dislocations, bone fractures, and other blunt injuries.
The nerves and brain can be injured in various ways, causing seizures, bleeding (hemorrhage) in the brain, poor short-term memory, personality changes, irritability, or difficulty sleeping. Damage to the nerves in the body or a spinal cord injury Injuries of the Spinal Cord and Vertebrae Most spinal cord injuries result from motor vehicle crashes, falls, assaults, and sports injuries. Symptoms, such as loss of sensation, loss of muscle strength, and loss of bowel, bladder, and.
.. read more may cause weakness, paralysis, numbness, tingling, chronic pain, and erectile dysfunction Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to attain or sustain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse. (See also Overview of Sexual Dysfunction in Men.) Every man occasionally has… read more (impotence).
Doctors check people for burns, fractures, dislocations, and spinal cord or other injuries.
Most people who have no symptoms, have no known heart disorders, have had only brief exposure to low levels of current, and are not pregnant do not require testing or monitoring. An electrocardiogram Electrocardiography Electrocardiography (ECG) is a quick, simple, painless procedure in which the heart’s electrical impulses are amplified and recorded. This record, the electrocardiogram (also known as an ECG)… read more (ECG) is done to monitor the heartbeat in some people. For some people, blood and urine tests may be needed.
If people are unconscious, imaging tests Overview of Imaging Tests Imaging tests provide a picture of the body’s interior—of the whole body or part of it. Imaging helps doctors diagnose a disorder, determine how severe the disorder is, and monitor people after… read more such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain may be needed.
Education about and respect for electricity are essential. Making sure that all electrical devices are properly designed, installed, and maintained helps prevent electrical injuries at home and work. Electrical wiring should be installed and serviced by properly trained people. Outlet guards reduce risk in homes with infants or young children.
Any electrical device that touches or may be touched by the body should be properly grounded. Three-pronged outlets are safest. Cutting off the lower (ground) prong of a power cord with three prongs (so that it will fit older two-pronged plugs) is dangerous and increases the chances of electrical injury.
Circuit breakers that interrupt (trip) circuits when current as low as 5 milliamperes leaks are advisable in areas that get wet, such as kitchens and bathrooms and outdoors.
To avoid injury from current that jumps (arcing injury), poles and ladders should not be used near high-voltage power lines.
First the person must be separated from the current’s source. The safest way to do so is to shut off the current—for example, by throwing a circuit breaker or switch or by disconnecting the device from an electrical outlet. No one should touch the person until the current has been shut off.
High-voltage and low-voltage lines are difficult to distinguish, especially outdoors. Shutting off current to high-voltage lines is done by the local power company. Many well-meaning rescuers have been injured by electricity when trying to free a person.
Once the person can be safely touched, the rescuer should check to see if the person is breathing and has a pulse. If the person is not breathing and has no pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation First-Aid Treatment for Cardiac Arrest Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood and oxygen to the brain and other organs and tissues.
Sometimes a person can be revived after cardiac arrest, particularly if treatment is… read more (CPR) should be started immediately. Emergency medical assistance should be called for any person who has more than a minor injury. Because the extent of an electrical burn may be deceptive, medical assistance should be sought if any doubt exists regarding severity.
People with rhabdomyolysis are usually given large amounts of fluids intravenously.
A tetanus shot Vaccination Tetanus results from a toxin produced by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium tetani. The toxin makes muscles contract involuntarily and become rigid. Tetanus usually develops after a wound… read more is given if needed.
If the injury is painful, people are given analgesics.
Skin burns Burns are treated with burn cream and sterile dressings. A person with only minor skin burns can usually be treated at home. If the injury is more severe, the person is admitted to the hospital, ideally a burn center.
The person is kept in the hospital for 6 to 12 hours if any of the following exists:
The heartbeat or results of an electrocardiogram Electrocardiography Electrocardiography (ECG) is a quick, simple, painless procedure in which the heart’s electrical impulses are amplified and recorded. This record, the electrocardiogram (also known as an ECG)… read more (ECG) are abnormal
The person has symptoms of a heart problem (for example, chest pain Chest Pain Chest pain is a very common complaint. Pain may be sharp or dull, although some people with a chest disorder describe their sensation as discomfort, tightness, pressure, gas, burning, or aching… read more or sometimes shortness of breath Shortness of Breath Shortness of breath—what doctors call dyspnea—is the unpleasant sensation of having difficulty breathing. People experience and describe shortness of breath differently depending on the cause… read more )
The person has other severe injuries
The person is pregnant (in many, but not necessarily all, cases)
The person has a known heart problem (in many, but not necessarily all, cases)
Young children who bite or suck on electrical cords should be referred to a children’s orthodontist, an oral surgeon, or a surgeon who is experienced in the care of these injuries.
The following are some English-language resources that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Electrical Safety: This important repository of tips for ensuring workplace safety provides information on the scope of electrical hazards faced by workers, as well as how to mitigate them and treat their effects.
Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI): Information on how to ensure electrical safety in the home and workplace, including information on how to recognize warning signs of electrical hazards as well as advances in safety technology.
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Electric shock (electrical injury): causes, symptoms and recommendations for the treatment of the disease. Dr. Peter
In case of electric shock, the symptoms depend on the electrical voltage. Factors such as duration of current exposure, current flow, and patient constitution also affect the type and severity of symptoms. An electrical accident is more likely to occur when a person comes into contact with electricity and is injured as a result.
If the victim touches a live object and the ground at the same time, he will be drawn into the chain and receive an electric shock. The current seeks a path through the body (for example, from an arm to a leg or from a right arm to a left arm). The extent of this damage to health depends on several factors.
The intensity of the current flow and the duration of the incident play a decisive role.
Electrical injury is especially critical when important parts of the body, such as the heart or brain, have been exposed to electrical current.
Causes
There are many electrical hazards in the household due to unsafe practices. The causes of electric shock (electrical injury) are the use of faulty devices (for example, lack of insulation on a network cable) and handling cables without special knowledge. Contact with bare wires can result in electric shock.
Young children who play near loose sockets are at great risk. Dangers also lurk in nature: for example, lightning can strike you during a thunderstorm. Particular care should be taken near overhead power lines. If such a line is damaged by a storm or snow, then live wires may fall to the ground. You cannot walk near such wires. You also risk electrocution if you fly a kite under such a power line.
Symptoms of electric shock (electrical injury)
In the case of electric shock, the symptoms depend on the voltage to which the victim has been exposed.
Factors such as duration of exposure, current flow, and patient constitution also affect the type and severity of symptoms.
Low voltage accidents, such as those that can occur when blow-drying in the bathroom, cause minor burns or muscle spasms. Prolonged exposure to low voltage can cause death. Usually, cardiac arrest or severe burns occur, leading to cardiac arrest.
High voltage accidents cause severe burns and abnormal heart rhythms. Depending on the severity of the electric shock, ventricular fibrillation or even complete cardiac arrest may occur. In most cases, an accident with high voltage electricity leads to the death of the victim. A lightning strike causes severe burns and damage to muscles, bones, and skin. Vessels and nerves are usually also affected. Due to the high voltage, a lightning strike is almost always fatal.
In addition to the acute symptoms of electrical injury, there may be: cardiac arrhythmias, nervous disorders and neurological deficits.
They can occur after a few days, weeks or even months, always depending on the severity of the tension and the therapeutic measures taken.
Electrical shock can lead to various health problems, including death. But it is possible that the victim will suffer an electrical injury without significant injury. Depending on the strength of the current and the duration of the current exposure, the patient develops muscle paralysis of varying degrees.
Convulsions, loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest are also possible. If the heart is in current, life-threatening ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest may occur. Burns (electrical traces) occur at the points of entry or exit of current from the body. In the event of an electric shock, the patient sometimes experiences severe convulsions, which can lead to bone fractures.
Possible complications and risks
Complications after electrical injury affect various organ systems. Very often, the current causes consequences in the form of heart rhythm disturbances, which in many cases occur immediately, sometimes with some delay.
In addition, as a result of burns, the muscle tissue of the heart can be damaged, which has a long-term effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
Damage to the airways, like paralysis of the respiratory center, can lead to life-threatening respiratory arrest. Nervous tissue has low resistance and therefore is often affected by electrical injuries: the consequences can be paralysis, sensory disturbances and impaired coordination. Brain damage manifests itself, among other things, in clouding of consciousness, convulsions, anxiety and memory disorders.
These symptoms may be caused either directly by the action of the current, or as a result of malnutrition of the brain after exposure to the cardiovascular system. Involuntary muscle spasms can cause muscle and tendon ruptures and bone fractures. In severe cases, exposure to current can lead to the destruction of muscle fibers (myolysis).
Other complications after electrical injury include skin burns with blistering and subsequent scarring, as well as impaired kidney function and even kidney failure.
Damage to blood vessels is also possible, which can lead to thrombosis and embolism. Blood poisoning, which can occur as a result of a bacterial infection or a burn of body tissues, is life-threatening.
Diagnosis
Mild electric shock usually does not require a doctor. The injured person needs some time to recover and rest in order to move away from the defeat. Usually there is internal irritability, short-term tachycardia and arousal, which slowly disappear within a few minutes. If there are no further complaints or inconveniences, medical attention is not required.
In case of severe electric shock, seek medical attention. In the presence of burns, pain or cramps in the muscles, additional examinations are necessary to determine the degree of damage to the body, in order to then draw up an individual treatment plan. In case of violations of the circulatory system, cardiac activity or shortness of breath, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.
In case of loss of consciousness, extensive body injuries or severe pain, call the emergency service.
How to treat electric shock (electrical injury)
First aid measures must be taken before the emergency doctor arrives. Since a strong electric shock in severe cases leads to premature death of the victim, it becomes necessary to take immediate measures in the event of nervous disorders, diffuse disorders of various body functions, bone injuries or cardiac arrest. Intensive medical care is necessary to ensure the life of the victim.
If a patient has suffered an electric shock, the first aid provider must take protective measures to avoid exposing himself to danger. Before touching the victim, you must disconnect your body from the power source.
If there is a live cable nearby, use a non-conductive object (such as a wooden broom) to remove it. If the patient is unconscious, first aid measures (cardiac massage, artificial respiration) should be started immediately.
If the victim is conscious, treat burns resulting from an electrical accident. If the injuries are minor and the victim has no other complaints, you should still go to the hospital. They’ll do an EKG there. Heart rhythm disturbances sometimes occur several hours after an electrical injury. The severity of the electrical shock determines the need for subsequent treatment steps. If the burns are severe, toxins can enter the body due to tissue necrosis.
Prevention
To avoid electric shock in your home, you should follow some safety precautions. Never use broken electronic devices. It is always necessary to call a specialist to repair electrical cables. If there are small children in the house, you should close the sockets with special plugs and explain to the children that you cannot touch the sockets and turn on electrical appliances on your own.
When outdoors, it is important to take shelter during a thunderstorm to avoid being struck by lightning. Particular care should be taken near power lines.
Thus, the effect of the current is prolonged, which aggravates burns. As a rule, the higher the voltage and current, the greater the damage – this applies to both AC and DC shock.
In the case of direct current, the same effect is achieved at a current strength of about 300-500 mA. If the current passes directly through the heart, for example through a pacemaker, then less than 1 mA is enough to cause an abnormal heart rhythm.
Internal organs are also affected; the degree of this damage depends on their electrical resistance.