What are the common causes of pain in the upper chest and neck. How can you differentiate between various conditions causing discomfort in these areas. When should you seek medical attention for chest and neck pain. What are the diagnostic methods and treatment options available for different causes of upper chest and neck pain.

Common Causes of Upper Chest and Neck Pain

Pain in the upper chest and neck can be alarming, as it may indicate various underlying conditions ranging from minor issues to serious health concerns. Understanding the potential causes is crucial for proper management and timely medical intervention. Here are some of the most common reasons for experiencing discomfort in these areas:

• Angina
• Heartburn
• Pericarditis
• Chest infections
• Esophageal disorders

Each of these conditions presents unique symptoms and requires different approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Let’s explore them in detail to gain a better understanding of how they affect the upper chest and neck region.

Angina: A Sign of Reduced Blood Flow to the Heart

Angina occurs when there’s a reduction in blood flow to the heart, often causing discomfort in the chest that can radiate to the neck and other areas. But how can you recognize angina?

Symptoms of angina include:

• Nausea and dizziness
• Shortness of breath
• Pain extending to the neck, jaw, shoulder, arms, or back

There are two main types of angina: stable and unstable. Stable angina typically results from overexertion and subsides with rest. Unstable angina, on the other hand, is a medical emergency characterized by severely decreased blood flow to the heart, often due to a ruptured blood vessel or blood clot.

Diagnosing and Treating Angina

How do healthcare providers diagnose angina? Doctors often use the following methods:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Chest X-ray
• Blood tests

Once diagnosed, treatment for angina may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or in some cases, surgical intervention. For unstable angina, immediate medical attention is crucial as it could be a precursor to a heart attack.

Heartburn: When Stomach Contents Fight Back

Heartburn occurs when stomach contents are forced back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest that can sometimes extend to the neck. This discomfort is often more pronounced after eating or when lying down.

Several factors can increase the risk of heartburn:

• Smoking
• Obesity
• Consumption of spicy foods

Identifying and Managing Heartburn

While occasional heartburn is common, experiencing it multiple times a week or worsening pain warrants a visit to a healthcare provider. They can determine if the symptoms indicate a more serious condition and recommend appropriate treatment.

Treatment for heartburn typically involves:

• Lifestyle modifications
• Over-the-counter antacids
• Prescription medications if necessary

Pericarditis: Inflammation of the Heart’s Protective Sac

Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, the saclike membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause chest pain that extends to the left shoulder and neck, particularly when:

• Coughing
• Breathing deeply
• Lying down

Diagnosing and Treating Pericarditis

Diagnosing pericarditis can be challenging as its symptoms often mimic other heart and lung conditions. Healthcare providers typically use the following diagnostic tools:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Chest X-ray
• Advanced imaging tests

While some cases of pericarditis improve without treatment, medications may be prescribed to reduce symptoms. In severe cases, a complication called cardiac tamponade may occur, requiring hospitalization to remove excess fluid buildup around the heart.

Chest Infections: When Breathing Becomes Painful

Chest infections primarily affect the chest but can also cause pain in the neck when breathing or swallowing. Two common types of chest infections are pneumonia and bronchitis.

Pneumonia: Inflammation of the Lung’s Air Sacs

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs. How is it diagnosed and treated?

• Diagnosis: Chest X-rays, blood tests, and sputum cultures
• Treatment: Antibiotics, cough medication, and in severe cases, hospitalization

Bronchitis: Inflamed Bronchial Tubes

Bronchitis occurs when the lining of the bronchial tubes becomes inflamed. What are the diagnostic and treatment approaches for bronchitis?

• Diagnosis: Chest X-rays, sputum tests, and pulmonary function tests
• Treatment: Acute bronchitis may improve without treatment, while bacterial infections may require antibiotics. Chronic bronchitis often involves pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

Esophageal Disorders: When Swallowing Becomes Problematic

Two esophageal conditions that can cause chest and neck pain are esophagitis and esophageal spasms.

Esophagitis: Inflammation of the Esophagus

Esophagitis is characterized by inflammation of the esophageal lining, leading to heartburn or pain when swallowing. How is it diagnosed and managed?

• Diagnosis: Endoscopy or X-ray
• Treatment: Identifying and avoiding food allergens, over-the-counter antacids, H-2 receptor blockers, or prescription medications

Esophageal Spasms: Painful Contractions

Esophageal spasms involve contractions of the esophagus, often described as squeezing pain or a feeling of something stuck in the throat. What are the diagnostic and treatment options?

• Diagnosis: Endoscopy or X-ray
• Treatment: Addressing underlying conditions like GERD or anxiety, medications to relax swallowing muscles, and in some cases, surgical intervention

When to Seek Medical Help for Upper Chest and Neck Pain

While some causes of upper chest and neck pain may be benign, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. When should you consult a healthcare provider?

• Severe, sudden, or persistent chest pain
• Pain radiating to the arm, jaw, or back
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Dizziness, nausea, or fainting
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat

These symptoms could indicate a serious condition such as a heart attack or pulmonary embolism, requiring prompt medical evaluation and treatment.

Diagnostic Approaches for Upper Chest and Neck Pain

Healthcare providers use various diagnostic tools to identify the cause of upper chest and neck pain. What are some common diagnostic methods?

• Physical examination and medical history review
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function
• Chest X-rays to visualize the heart, lungs, and surrounding structures
• Blood tests to check for markers of inflammation or heart damage
• Advanced imaging techniques like CT scans or MRI
• Endoscopy for examining the esophagus and stomach

The choice of diagnostic approach depends on the suspected underlying condition and the severity of symptoms.

Treatment Options for Upper Chest and Neck Pain

Treatment for upper chest and neck pain varies depending on the underlying cause. What are some general approaches to managing these symptoms?

• Lifestyle modifications (e.g., dietary changes, stress reduction)
• Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
• Prescription medications tailored to the specific condition
• Physical therapy or rehabilitation programs
• Surgical interventions for severe cases

It’s crucial to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan based on the specific diagnosis and individual health factors.

Preventing Upper Chest and Neck Pain

While not all causes of upper chest and neck pain can be prevented, certain lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of developing these symptoms. What preventive measures can you take?

• Maintain a healthy diet and weight
• Exercise regularly to improve cardiovascular health
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or counseling
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption
• Practice good posture and ergonomics
• Stay up-to-date with regular health check-ups

By adopting these healthy habits, you can potentially reduce the likelihood of experiencing upper chest and neck pain related to various underlying conditions.

The Role of Stress and Anxiety in Upper Chest and Neck Pain

Stress and anxiety can significantly contribute to upper chest and neck pain, often mimicking symptoms of more serious conditions. How do psychological factors impact physical discomfort in these areas?

• Muscle tension: Stress can cause tightness in the chest and neck muscles
• Hyperventilation: Anxiety may lead to rapid breathing, causing chest discomfort
• Heightened sensitivity: Stress can lower pain thresholds, making normal sensations feel more intense
• Psychosomatic symptoms: Anxiety can manifest as physical symptoms, including chest and neck pain

Managing stress and anxiety through techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, or cognitive-behavioral therapy can often help alleviate associated physical symptoms. However, it’s important to rule out any underlying medical conditions before attributing chest and neck pain solely to psychological factors.

Importance of Proper Posture in Preventing Upper Chest and Neck Pain

Poor posture, especially in today’s digital age, can be a significant contributor to upper chest and neck pain. How does posture affect these areas, and what can be done to improve it?

Effects of Poor Posture

• Muscle strain: Slouching can overwork certain muscles while underutilizing others
• Joint stress: Improper alignment can put undue pressure on joints in the neck and upper back
• Restricted breathing: Poor posture can compress the chest, affecting lung capacity
• Nerve compression: Misalignment can lead to pinched nerves, causing pain and discomfort

Improving Posture

What steps can you take to enhance your posture and potentially reduce upper chest and neck pain?

• Ergonomic workspace setup: Adjust your chair, desk, and computer screen to promote proper alignment
• Regular stretching: Incorporate stretches that target the chest, neck, and upper back muscles
• Strengthening exercises: Focus on exercises that improve core strength and upper body posture
• Mindfulness: Practice awareness of your posture throughout the day, making conscious efforts to maintain proper alignment
• Use of posture aids: Consider using lumbar support or posture-correcting devices when appropriate

By prioritizing good posture, you can potentially alleviate existing discomfort and prevent future occurrences of upper chest and neck pain related to poor alignment.

The Connection Between Upper Chest and Neck Pain and Cardiovascular Health

Upper chest and neck pain can sometimes be indicative of underlying cardiovascular issues. Understanding this connection is crucial for early detection and prevention of serious heart conditions. How are these symptoms related to heart health?

Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with Upper Chest and Neck Pain

• Coronary artery disease: Narrowed or blocked arteries can cause chest pain (angina) that may radiate to the neck
• Heart attack: Severe chest pain that may extend to the neck, jaw, and arms is a classic symptom
• Aortic dissection: A tear in the inner layer of the aorta can cause sudden, severe chest and neck pain
• Pericarditis: Inflammation of the heart’s outer lining can result in sharp chest pain that may extend to the neck

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular-Related Chest and Neck Pain

What factors increase the likelihood of experiencing upper chest and neck pain due to cardiovascular issues?

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol levels
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Family history of heart disease
• Diabetes
• Advanced age

Recognizing these risk factors and addressing them through lifestyle changes and medical management can help reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular conditions that may manifest as upper chest and neck pain.

Differential Diagnosis: Distinguishing Between Various Causes of Upper Chest and Neck Pain

Given the numerous potential causes of upper chest and neck pain, accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. How do healthcare providers differentiate between various conditions causing these symptoms?

Key Diagnostic Considerations

• Pain characteristics: The nature, intensity, duration, and triggers of the pain
• Associated symptoms: Presence of fever, shortness of breath, nausea, or other accompanying symptoms
• Medical history: Pre-existing conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors
• Physical examination: Assessment of vital signs, heart and lung sounds, and chest wall tenderness
• Diagnostic tests: ECG, blood tests, imaging studies, and specialized tests as needed

Distinguishing Features of Common Causes

What are some key features that help differentiate between various causes of upper chest and neck pain?

• Cardiac pain: Often described as pressure or squeezing, may worsen with exertion
• Musculoskeletal pain: Usually worsens with movement or palpation of the affected area
• Gastrointestinal causes: May be associated with eating or lying down, often accompanied by acid reflux
• Pulmonary issues: Typically worsen with breathing, may be accompanied by cough or shortness of breath
• Anxiety-related pain: Often associated with other symptoms of anxiety, may improve with relaxation techniques

By carefully considering these factors, healthcare providers can more accurately diagnose the underlying cause of upper chest and neck pain, leading to more effective and targeted treatment approaches.

Causes and When to Get Medical Help

There are a number of possible causes of chest and neck pain. The discomfort you experience in either your chest or neck may be the result of an underlying condition in one of the two areas or it might be pain that radiates from elsewhere.

Pain in your chest and neck may be caused by any of the following conditions:

• angina
• heartburn
• pericarditis
• chest infections
• esophagus disorders

Read on to learn more about these conditions.

Angina is caused by a reduction in blood flow to your heart, and symptoms include:

• nausea and dizziness
• shortness of breath
• pain extending to your neck, jaw, shoulder, arms, or back

Stable angina can result from overexertion and generally goes away by resting. Unstable angina is an emergency that involves severely decreased blood flow to the heart, often because of a rupture in a blood vessel or because of a blood clot.

If you experience the symptoms of angina, seek medical attention.

Diagnosis and treatment

Angina is often diagnosed through an electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, or blood tests. If you are diagnosed with angina, your doctor can determine the more specific diagnosis of stable or unstable angina.

Angina is generally treated through lifestyle changes and medication, though there are surgical options. Unstable angina could be a sign of a heart attack and requires medical treatment immediately.

Heartburn occurs when some of the contents of your stomach are forced back into your esophagus. It may result in a burning sensation in your chest, especially after eating or when lying down. Heartburn can often result in a bitter taste in your mouth.

You have an increased risk of worsening heartburn if you:

• smoke
• are overweight
• consume spicy foods

Diagnosis and treatment

Though heartburn is a common condition, experiencing heartburn on multiple occasions throughout the week — or if pain worsens — is a cue to visit your healthcare provider. It may or may not indicate a more serious condition, but, following a diagnosis, your doctor can provide appropriate treatment.

If it the diagnosis suggests heartburn, you healthcare provider will suggest proper heartburn treatment such as lifestyle changes and medications.

The saclike membrane that surrounds your heart is called the pericardium. When it swells or is irritated, it can cause chest pain in your left shoulder and neck, especially when you:

• cough
• breathe deeply
• lie down

Diagnosis and treatment

The symptoms are often difficult to distinguish from other conditions related to the heart and lungs. Your doctor can provide a diagnosis, likely through an ECG, X-ray, or other imaging tests.

Some cases improve without treatment, but there are medications that reduce symptoms. One complication of the condition is called cardiac tamponade. It requires hospitalization to remove the excess buildup of fluid surrounding your heart.

While chest infections are felt primarily in the chest, you may also experience pain in your neck when breathing or swallowing.

Two common chest infections are pneumonia, an inflammation of the air sacs in your lungs, and bronchitis, which occurs when the lining of your bronchial tubes are inflamed.

Diagnosis and treatment

Bronchitis can be diagnosed through:

• chest X-rays
• sputum tests
• pulmonary function test

Acute bronchitis symptoms sometimes improve without treatment.

Bronchitis from a bacterial infection may require medication. Chronic bronchitis is often treated through a pulmonary rehabilitation program including the learning specific breathing techniques.

Pneumonia can be diagnosed through similar tests as bronchitis. Treatment usually focuses on preventing complications. This can involve:

• antibiotics
• cough medicine
• hospitalization (more serious instances)

Two conditions related to your esophagus that could result in chest and neck pain are esophagitis and esophageal spasms.

Esophagitis occurs when the lining of your esophagus is inflamed. This can cause heartburn or pain when swallowing. Esophageal spasms are contractions of your esophagus that cause chest pain. The pain is often described as a squeezing pain or a feeling something is stuck in your throat.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnostic techniques for both conditions may involve an endoscopy or X-ray.

For treating esophagitis, your doctor may help you determine which food allergies could trigger inflammation or recommend medications to relieve symptoms, such as:

• Over-the-counter antacids that reduce acid production, such as Mylanta
• Over-the-counter H-2-receptor blockers that block acid production, such as Pepsid
• Prescription strength H-2-receptor blockers

For treating esophageal spasms, your doctor may recommend treating underlying conditions such as GERD or anxiety. To relax swallowing muscles, they may suggest medications such as Viagra or Cardizem.

If conservative approaches do not work, surgery is an option for both conditions.

Experiencing pain in your chest and neck may require immediate medical attention. In fact, many symptoms of the above conditions are similar to those of a heart attack.

It is best to be cautious and seek medical attention for chest pain, especially if symptoms worsen or persist or you are at risk for a heart attack due to related conditions, age, or family history.

Conditions related to either your chest or neck may be a sign of an underlying condition that causes the pain to spread to surrounding areas. Pain in your chest or difficulty breathing or swallowing should always be taken seriously, seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

10 Causes, Treatments, and More

Several different conditions may cause chest and upper back pain together. Causes can be related to the heart, digestive tract, and other parts of the body.

While some causes of chest and upper back pain aren’t emergencies, others are. You should always seek emergency medical attention if you have sudden or unexplained chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes.

Read on to learn more about the causes of upper back and chest pain, how they’re treated, and when to see a doctor.

Here are 10 potential causes of upper back and chest pain.

1. Heart attack

A heart attack happens when the blood supply to the muscles of your heart is blocked. Because of this, people having a heart attack may experience chest pain that can spread into the neck, shoulders, and back.

Other symptoms to look out for include:

• sensations of pressure or tightness in the chest
• cold sweats
• shortness of breath
• feeling lightheaded or faint
• nausea

Women are more likely than men to experience heart attack pain involving the back or jaw. It’s also important to note that some people having a heart attack may experience very few symptoms or none at all.

2. Angina

Angina is pain that occurs when your heart tissue isn’t getting enough blood. It can commonly occur in people with coronary artery disease. It often happens while you’re exerting yourself.

Similar to pain from a heart attack, angina pain can spread to the shoulders, back, and neck.

Angina symptoms can vary between men and women. Women may feel pain in the back, neck, or abdomen in addition to or instead of chest pain.

Other angina symptoms can include:

• feeling fatigued or weak
• shortness of breath
• sweating
• feeling lightheaded or faint
• nausea

3. Heartburn

Heartburn happens when the acid or contents of your stomach comes back up into your esophagus. This causes a painful, burning sensation in your chest, behind your breastbone. It may also sometimes be felt in your back or abdomen.

Heartburn tends to be worse after eating a meal or in the evening. You may also notice an acidic taste in your mouth or pain that gets worse while lying down or bending over.

Being pregnant, overweight, or obese can also increase your risk of developing heartburn. Some foods can also trigger the condition, including spicy foods, citrus, and fatty foods.

4. Pleurisy

Pleurisy happens when the membranes that line your lungs and your chest cavity become inflamed.

Normally, these membranes move smoothly past each other. When they’re inflamed, they can rub against each other, which leads to pain.

Pleurisy can be caused by a variety of things, including infections, autoimmune conditions, and cancers.

The pain of pleurisy gets worse as you breathe in deeply or cough. It can also spread to your shoulders and back.

Other symptoms that can occur include:

• coughing
• shortness of breath
• fever
• chills
• unexplained weight loss

5. Gallstones

Your gallbladder is a small organ that stores a digestive fluid called bile. Gallstones occur when this fluid hardens inside your gallbladder, forming stones.

Gallstones may cause pain to occur in several different places, including:

• the upper right area of your abdomen
• right below your breastbone
• between your shoulder blades
• in your right shoulder

The amount of time you experience pain from gallstones can last for a few minutes to several hours. You may also experience symptoms such as nausea or vomiting.

There are several risk factors that may increase your risk of gallstones, including being female, being pregnant, and being overweight or obese.

6. Pericarditis

The pericardium lines the surface of your heart. Pericarditis happens when the pericardium becomes inflamed. It can be caused by an infection or autoimmune condition. It can also happen after a heart attack or heart surgery.

Pericarditis causes sharp chest pain. This pain may become worse while breathing deeply, lying down, or swallowing. The pain from pericarditis may also be felt as pain in the left shoulder, back, or neck.

Other symptoms to be aware of include:

• dry cough
• feelings of fatigue
• anxiety
• difficulty breathing when lying down
• swelling in your lower extremities

7. Musculoskeletal pain

Sometimes muscular problems may cause pain in the chest and upper back. Repetitive use or overuse of multiple muscle groups, for example through activities such as rowing, can lead to aching pain in the chest, back, or chest wall.

Other symptoms you may experience include muscle stiffness, muscle twitching, and feelings of fatigue.

8. Aortic aneurysm

Your aorta is the largest artery in your body. An aortic aneurysm happens when part of the aorta becomes weakened. In some cases, this weakened area may tear, which can lead to life-threatening bleeding. This is called aortic dissection.

Many times, an aortic aneurysm will develop with very little or no symptoms. However, some people may feel pain or tenderness in their chest. In some cases, pain may also occur in your back.

Other symptoms to look out for include:

• shortness of breath
• cough
• feeling hoarse

9. Spinal problems

In some cases, a pinched nerve in the upper part of the spine may cause pain to radiate to the area of the chest and possibly to the extremities.

In addition to pain, other symptoms you may experience include muscle spasms and stiffness in the affected area of the spine, which may restrict movement.

Additionally, there are some case studies in which a herniated disc in the upper portion of the spine has caused pain in the chest or chest wall.

10. Lung cancer

Chest and back pain can also occur as a symptom of lung cancer. Although chest pain is a common symptom, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute reports that 25 percent of people with lung cancer reported back pain as a symptom.

Back pain from lung cancer can happen when a tumor in the lungs begins to put pressure on the spine. Pain from lung cancer may feel worse when you breathe deeply, laugh, or cough.

In addition to chest and back pain, other signs of lung cancer can include:

• persistent cough, which may include coughing up blood
• feeling hoarse
• shortness of breath or wheezing
• feeling weak or fatigued
• unexplained weight loss
• recurrent lung infections, such as pneumonia

The treatment for your upper back and chest pain will depend on the underlying cause.

Heart attack

Some treatments for heart attack are typically given immediately. These can include aspirin to limit blood clotting, nitroglycerin to improve blood flow, and oxygen therapy. Clot-busting medications, which help to break up any blood clots, may then be given.

A procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can help open up any arteries that are found to be narrowed or blocked. This procedure uses a small balloon attached to a catheter to compress plaque or clotted blood against the wall of the affected artery and restore blood flow.

Other potential treatments can include:

• medications to help prevent another heart attack, such as ACE inhibitors, blood thinners, or beta-blockers
• heart bypass surgery
• lifestyle changes such as eating a heart-healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and managing stress

Angina

A variety of medications can be prescribed to help manage angina. These medications may prevent blood clots, reduce angina pain, or widen blood vessels. Examples of angina medications include:

• beta-blockers
• calcium channel blockers
• blood thinners
• nitrates
• statins

Heart-healthy lifestyle changes will also be recommended as part of your treatment plan. If medications and lifestyle changes can’t successfully manage the condition, procedures like PCI and heart bypass surgery may be necessary.

Heartburn

Several over-the-counter (OTC) medications can be used to relieve heartburn. These can include antacids, h3 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. If OTC medications aren’t helping to relieve your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe you stronger medications.

Pleurisy

Pleurisy can be treated through addressing the underlying condition that may be causing it. Medications may also help relieve symptoms, including acetaminophen or NSAIDs for pain, and cough syrups to ease cough.

In some cases, fluid may need to be removed from the affected area. This can help to prevent lung collapse.

Gallstones

Many times, gallstones don’t require treatment. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medication to help dissolve the gallstones. People with recurring gallstones may have their gallbladder removed.

Pericarditis

Pericarditis can be managed with treatments that relieve inflammation and pain, such as NSAIDs. If these aren’t effective, your doctor may prescribe a stronger anti-inflammatory medication.

If an infection is causing your condition, an antibiotic or antifungal medication will also be prescribed.

In some cases, you may need a procedure to drain fluid. This can help reduce pressure on your heart.

Musculoskeletal pain

Muscle issues that result in upper back and chest pain may be treated with rest and medications that relieve pain and inflammation, such as NSAIDs.

Applying heat to the affected area may also help. In more severe cases, physical therapy may be recommended.

Aortic aneurysm

In some cases, your doctor will recommend monitoring of your aneurysm using imaging technology such as CT scan or MRI scan. Additionally, your doctor may prescribe medications such as beta-blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and statins to help lower blood pressure or cholesterol levels.

People with larger aortic aneurysms may require repair surgery. This can be performed via open-chest surgery or endovascular surgery. Emergency surgery is required for an aortic aneurysm that has ruptured.

Spinal problems

Treatment for spinal problems depends on their severity. It can include reducing your activity level and taking medications such as NSAIDs and muscle relaxers to help with pain or inflammation. Physical therapy exercises may also be recommended.

More severe cases may require surgical intervention to repair them.

Lung cancer

Several therapies can help treat lung cancer. Which type is used depends on the type of lung cancer and how far the cancer has spread. Your doctor will work with you to create a treatment plan that’s right for you.

Treatment options can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Additionally, surgery may be recommended to remove the cancer tissue.

Here are some good rules of thumb for preventing many of the causes of upper back and chest pain:

• Eat a heart-healthy diet.
• Make sure that you get enough exercise.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke.
• Limit alcohol consumption.
• Manage your stress levels.
• Stay on top of your routine physical appointments and be sure to see your doctor if new or worrisome symptoms appear.

Some additional tips include:

• Limit foods that may trigger heartburn, such as spicy foods, fatty foods, or acidic foods.
• Try not to lay down right after eating to prevent heartburn symptoms.
• Avoid eating late or large meals to help prevent gallstones.
• Stretch properly before engaging in exercise or sports to avoid muscle injury or strain.

You should always take chest pain seriously, as sometimes it may be an indicator of a serious health condition, like a heart attack.

Always seek emergency medical attention if you have unexplained or sudden chest pain, especially if you have difficulty breathing or the pain has spread to other areas like the arm or jaw.

You should also make a doctor’s appointment for any condition that isn’t relieved using OTC medications or has symptoms that recur, are persistent, or begin to worsen.

You can connect to a physician in your area using the Healthline FindCare tool.

There are several things that can cause upper back pain and chest pain to occur together. Some of the causes of this type of pain aren’t serious, but it’s always important to take chest pain seriously.

Chest pain can be a sign of a potentially life-threatening condition, such as a heart attack. If you have unexplained chest pain that comes on suddenly or is severe, seek emergency medical assistance.

possible causes and when to sound the alarm

What to do when there is a feeling of discomfort or pain in the chest? Perhaps it’s a heart attack, or maybe another, less serious problem? In this article, we will look at the most common causes of pain in the chest cavity, as well as the typical signs of the diseases in which they appear.

The nature of the manifestation of pain is different: from sharp and piercing – to dull, but not strong. Sometimes it is described as squeezing or burning. In some cases, the pain radiates to the neck, then to the jaw, after which it moves to the back or down one or two arms.

The causes of chest pain can be varied, but the most dangerous of them are those related to the heart or lungs. Although in many cases the cause of pain has nothing to do with these organs.

Pain in the chest comes from:

• The organs that are located in it are the heart, lungs and esophagus.
• The components of the chest wall are skin, muscles and bones.
• Organs located near the chest – liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas.

Sometimes chest pain is caused by pain in the neck that radiates to the chest. This is called referred or repercussion pain.

Causes related to the heart

• Angina pectoris

All organs and tissues of our body need oxygen and nutrients that are carried in the blood. The heart pumps oxygenated blood through a huge network of arteries. This network includes vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle itself. These vessels are located on the surface of the heart and are called coronary arteries. They branch into smaller vessels located inside the heart muscle.

In people with coronary heart disease, the coronary arteries become clogged with fatty deposits called plaque. These deposits cause arteries to narrow and prevent oxygenated blood from reaching the heart. Angina pectoris is the term for chest pain caused by ischemia.

When the heart has to work harder, it needs more blood and oxygen. If additional oxygen-rich blood cannot pass through the narrowed coronary arteries, the heart begins to ache. That is why angina pectoris is especially manifested during physical activity.

Chest pain caused by angina pectoris manifests as discomfort or tightness behind the sternum during exertion. Sometimes it radiates to the arms, neck, jaw, or stomach area. As a rule, the pain of angina pectoris is mild and subsides after 10 minutes of rest.

• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

During a heart attack, the plaque is damaged or ruptured. Subsequently, the blood coagulation mechanism is triggered, during which a thrombus forms at the site of damage. The latter completely blocks the coronary artery or one of its small branches. This means that part of the heart muscle is left without blood and oxygen. If the artery is not quickly freed from blockage, the part of the heart muscle that remains without oxygen is damaged or dies. This is myocardial infarction.

The most common symptom of a heart attack is severe chest pain at rest. However, scientists from Harvard Medical School warn that pain is just one of the possible symptoms of an attack. Seek immediate medical attention if a person notices one or more of the following symptoms:

• Compressive, burning pain in the center of the chest. Sometimes patients with a heart attack feel as if a belt is pulled tightly around their chest.
• Pain, numbness, tingling or other discomfort in one or both arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach.
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
• Sudden nausea or vomiting.
• Dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Unusual tiredness and feeling of heaviness.
• Heat or cold sweat.

Sometimes chest pain from a heart attack resembles angina pectoris, but in most cases it is more severe and prolonged.

Some heart problems that are not related to blood flow in the coronary arteries can also cause chest pain.

• Variant angina

This type of angina is caused by a temporary spasm of the coronary arteries. Usually in this case, the arteries do not have constrictions or blockages.

• Pericarditis

This inflammation of the pericardial sac (pericardium) causes severe pain that is worse when the person takes a deep breath or lies down.

• Myocarditis

This is an inflammation of the heart muscle itself that causes chest pain. Myocarditis feels very similar to angina pectoris. Often inflammation of the myocardium is provoked by a viral infection.

• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

In this disease, the heart muscle (myocardium) thickens, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. In a small number of patients, this disease manifests itself in the form of shortness of breath and chest pain. Sometimes the work of the electrical system of the heart is disrupted, resulting in an arrhythmia.

• Aortic dissection

This rare but life-threatening condition affects the main artery that comes out of the heart, the aorta. This vessel consists of layers of muscle cells that can delaminate and rupture. Blood subsequently leaks to areas of the body outside the circulatory system. This is an extremely serious condition that requires the intervention of a vascular surgeon. With aortic dissection, the pain is very severe and appears suddenly, giving to the back or to the area between the shoulder blades.

Lung-related causes

A number of lung-related problems cause chest pain:

• Pulmonary embolism

In a pulmonary embolism, a blood clot forms and blocks the flow of blood to the lungs. The pain comes on suddenly, is accompanied by shortness of breath, and may get worse when the person breathes deeply.

• Pneumonia

Infection in the lungs causes not only cough and fever, but also chest pain.

• Pleurisy

If the membrane that covers the lungs becomes inflamed, it causes pain. They are usually aggravated during inhalation and coughing. Pleurisy may occur due to a viral infection, as well as a complication of pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, or chest trauma.

• Pneumothorax

With pneumothorax, air enters the space between the chest wall and the lung – the pleural cavity. Chest pain comes on suddenly and can last for hours.

• Pulmonary hypertension

If pressure rises in the arteries that carry blood to the lungs, a person may experience chest pain.

Digestive causes

• Heartburn (acid reflux)

if gastric juice enters the esophagus.

• Gallbladder or pancreas problems

Gallstones or inflammation of the pancreas cause abdominal pain that radiates to the chest.

• Gastric or duodenal ulcer

An ulcer causes pain in the upper abdomen, just below the breastbone. The pain characteristic of an ulcer comes and goes, and sometimes feels like chest pain. Accompanying symptoms of peptic ulcer disease are bloating, vomiting, feeling unwell, and a feeling of a full stomach after eating.

• Esophagitis

Esophagitis is an inflammation of the esophagus that is sometimes caused by medication.

Other causes of chest pain include:

• Panic attacks

panic attacks.

• Herpes zoster

This is an infection that affects a nerve and the area of ​​skin it innervates. If lichen affects the nerve that innervates the skin in the chest area, a person develops chest pain. In most cases, 2-3 days after the first pain sensations appear in the area of ​​nerve damage, a rash appears.

What should I do if my chest hurts?

Any new, severe or prolonged pain should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible. This is especially true for people who have previously experienced heart or lung disease. If you are worried about very severe chest pain that radiates to your arms or jaw, you feel unwell, you sweat a lot or are out of breath, call an ambulance immediately. These symptoms may indicate a heart attack.

If the pain is mild and infrequent, an examination is necessary. Its main goal is to exclude problems with the heart and lungs, which can pose a danger to human life. The main diagnostic procedures that are performed for chest pain:

• electrocardiogram,
• blood test,
• chest x-ray,
• endoscopy and other research methods.

If you are concerned about chest pain and want to find the source of it, see a physician.

Sources:

1. Chest Pain, Patient.info,
2. Patient education: Chest pain (Beyond the Basics), UpToDate,
3. Chest pain, Mayo Clinic,
4. Chest pain: A heart attack or something else , Harvard Medical School,
5. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Mayo Clinic.

Chest pain – causes, examination and treatment | Symptoms

Myocardial infarction or unstable angina
Signs: Represent an immediate danger to life. Sudden, pressing pain that spreads (radiates) to the jaw or arm, may be constant or transient. Sometimes shortness of breath or nausea. Pain that comes on with exertion and goes away with rest (angina pectoris). Abnormal heart sounds heard through a stethoscope. Frequent warning signs.

Thoracic aortic dissection (tear in the wall of the thoracic aorta)
Signs: Represent an immediate danger to life. Sudden, tearing pain that extends into or begins in the middle of the back. Sometimes dizziness, stroke, and pain, coldness, or numbness in the leg. Sometimes different pulse or blood pressure in the limbs. Usually in people over 55 with a history of high blood pressure. Warning signs.

Pericarditis (inflammation of the membrane around the heart)
Signs: Potentially life-threatening. Acute pain, constant or transient, aggravated by breathing, swallowing food, or lying on the back. Relaxes when leaning forward. Abnormal heart sounds heard through a stethoscope.

Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus
Signs: Represent an immediate danger to life. Sudden, sharp pain immediately after vomiting or after a medical procedure involving the esophagus (esophageal and gastric endoscopy or transesophageal echocardiography). Some warning signs.

Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
Signs: Potentially life-threatening. Severe, persistent pain that: appears in the upper middle abdomen or lower chest. Often aggravated in the supine position, weakened by bending forward. Vomiting and soreness in the upper abdomen, sometimes shock. Often in people who abuse alcohol or have gallstones.

Peptic ulcers
Signs: Periodic vague discomfort that is felt in the upper middle of the abdomen or in the lower chest. Relief with antacids and sometimes after meals. Common in smokers and drinkers, or both. There are no warning signs.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
Signs: Periodic burning pain that spreads from the upper middle abdomen to the throat, worse when bending over or lying down. Relieves with antacids.

Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts (diseases of the biliary tract)
Signs: Intermittent discomfort, which is felt in the upper right side of the abdomen or in the lower middle of the chest, is observed after eating (but not after exercise).

Swallowing disorders (in which the peristalsis of food through the esophagus is impaired)
Signs: Pain that develops gradually over a long period of time may or may not appear during swallowing. Usually difficulty swallowing.

Pulmonary embolism (blockage of the pulmonary artery by a blood clot)
Signs: Represent an immediate danger to life. Often severe pain when breathing, shortness of breath, rapid breathing and rapid heartbeat. Sometimes a slight fever, coughing up blood, or shock. More likely in patients with risk factors for pulmonary embolism (history of blood clots, recent surgery, especially leg surgery, prolonged bed rest, leg cast or splint, older age, smoking, or cancer).

Tension pneumothorax (collapse of the lung with increased air pressure in the chest)
Signs: Represent an immediate danger to life. Significant shortness of breath. Low blood pressure, swollen neck veins, and decreased breath sounds heard through a stethoscope on one side. It usually occurs only after a severe chest injury.

Pneumonia
Signs: Potentially life-threatening. Fever, chills, cough, and usually yellow or green sputum. Often shortness of breath. Sometimes pain when breathing. Palpitations and congestion in the lungs revealed during the examination.

Pneumothorax (collapse of the lung)
Signs: Potentially life-threatening. Sudden sharp pain, usually in one side of the chest. Sometimes shortness of breath, weakening of breath sounds heard through a stethoscope on one side.

Pleurisy (inflammation of the lining around the lung)
Signs: Sharp pain when breathing. Usually in patients who have recently had pneumonia or a viral respiratory infection. Sometimes cough. There are no warning signs.

Musculoskeletal chest wall pain
Signs: Pain that is usually persistent (lasting a few days or more). Increases with movement and/or breathing. May have no apparent cause or result from coughing or physical exertion.