What are the most common types of skin rashes. How can you identify different rashes based on their appearance. What causes various skin rashes and how are they treated. What are the key symptoms to watch for with skin rashes.

Understanding Skin Rashes: An Overview

Skin rashes are areas of irritated or swollen skin that can manifest in various ways. While often described as red, their appearance can differ significantly across skin tones. On darker skin, rashes may present as purple, gray, or white patches. Rashes can be itchy, painful, and caused by numerous factors ranging from minor irritants to serious medical conditions.

Identifying the specific type of rash is crucial for proper treatment. This comprehensive guide explores 22 common skin rashes, detailing their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Insect-Induced Rashes: Fleabites and Their Characteristics

Fleabites are a common cause of skin rashes, particularly in areas with pets or wildlife. These bites typically appear as:

• Small, red bumps clustered on the lower legs and feet
• Itchy spots that may appear plum-colored on darker skin tones
• Symptoms that begin immediately after being bitten

Why do fleabites often appear in clusters? Fleas tend to bite multiple times in a small area as they search for the best feeding spot. This behavior results in the characteristic grouping of bites.

Viral Rashes: Fifth Disease and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Fifth Disease: The “Slapped Cheek” Rash

Fifth disease, caused by parvovirus B19, is known for its distinctive rash. Key features include:

• Initial symptoms like headache, fatigue, low fever, and sore throat
• A bright red rash on the cheeks, resembling a slap mark
• A lacy-patterned rash that may appear on the body after the facial rash

How does the rash of fifth disease differ on various skin tones? While the classic “slapped cheek” appearance is most noticeable on lighter skin, it may be subtler on darker skin tones. The body rash can become more pronounced after exposure to heat, such as a hot shower.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Common Childhood Ailment

This viral infection primarily affects young children and presents with distinctive symptoms:

• Painful, red blisters in the mouth, on the tongue, and gums
• Flat or raised spots on the palms and soles
• Possible spots on the buttocks or genital area

How does hand, foot, and mouth disease manifest on darker skin tones? The spots may appear skin-colored or grayish-brown, rather than the bright red seen on lighter skin.

Chronic Skin Conditions: Rosacea and Psoriasis

Rosacea: Beyond Facial Flushing

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterized by cycles of flare-ups and remissions. Its symptoms can include:

• Facial flushing and persistent redness
• Raised red bumps, sometimes filled with pus
• Skin dryness and sensitivity
• Visible blood vessels on the face

How does rosacea present on darker skin tones? Instead of the typical redness, individuals with darker skin may experience brown or yellowish-brown bumps and a dusky coloration to the affected areas.

Psoriasis: More Than Skin Deep

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, resulting in distinctive skin changes:

• Red, inflamed patches covered with silvery scales
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning, or soreness
• Thickened, pitted, or ridged nails

How does genetics influence psoriasis? While the exact cause is unknown, research suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining an individual’s susceptibility to psoriasis.

Fungal Infections: Ringworm and Its Distinctive Pattern

Despite its name, ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a fungal infection. Its characteristic features include:

• Circular, scaly patches with raised borders
• A clearer area in the center of the ring
• Itching and possible spreading of the rings

How does ringworm appear on different skin tones? On lighter skin, the patches may be pink or red, while on darker skin, they can appear gray or brown.

Contact-Induced Rashes: Dermatitis and Eczema

Contact Dermatitis: When Skin Meets Irritants

Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin reacts to a substance it touches. Key characteristics include:

• Rash appearing hours to days after contact with an allergen
• Visible borders where the skin touched the irritating substance
• Possible blisters that weep or become crusty
• Itchy, scaly, or raw skin

Why does contact dermatitis have such defined borders? The rash typically only appears where the skin directly contacted the irritant, creating a clear demarcation between affected and unaffected skin.

Allergic Eczema: Beyond Simple Irritation

Allergic eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic condition that can flare up in response to various triggers. Its symptoms include:

• Dry, itchy, and scaly skin
• Redness on lighter skin tones
• Darker brown, purple, or gray patches on darker skin tones
• Possible blisters that weep or crust over

How does allergic eczema differ from contact dermatitis? While both can be triggered by external factors, allergic eczema is a chronic condition that can flare up even without direct contact with an irritant.

Bacterial Infections: Impetigo and Its Crusty Appearance

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection, most common in young children. Its distinctive features include:

• Red sores that quickly rupture, ooze, and form a honey-colored crust
• Itchy rash, often around the mouth, nose, and chin
• Possible brown, purple, or gray coloration on darker skin tones

Why does impetigo form a honey-colored crust? The characteristic crust is formed when the fluid from the ruptured sores dries, creating a distinct yellow-brown color reminiscent of honey.

Diaper Rash: Protecting Sensitive Skin

Diaper rash is a common issue for infants and toddlers, caused by prolonged exposure to wet or soiled diapers. Key features include:

• Red, inflamed skin in areas covered by the diaper
• Skin that appears wet or slightly raised
• Possible warmth when touched

How can diaper rash be prevented? Regular diaper changes, allowing the baby’s skin to air dry, and using barrier creams can help prevent and treat diaper rash.

Treatment Approaches for Common Skin Rashes

While treatment varies depending on the specific type of rash, some general approaches include:

• Topical corticosteroids for inflammation reduction
• Antihistamines for itch relief
• Moisturizers for dry, scaly rashes
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antifungal medications for fungal rashes

When should you seek medical attention for a rash? If home remedies don’t improve the rash, or if you experience additional symptoms like fever or dizziness, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional.

Rash Prevention: Strategies for Healthy Skin

While not all rashes are preventable, certain strategies can reduce the risk:

• Maintaining good hygiene
• Avoiding known allergens or irritants
• Using appropriate sun protection
• Keeping skin moisturized
• Managing stress, which can trigger some skin conditions

How does stress impact skin health? Stress can weaken the immune system and trigger inflammation, potentially exacerbating existing skin conditions or making the skin more susceptible to rashes.

Rashes Across Different Skin Tones: Importance of Inclusive Dermatology

Understanding how rashes present on various skin tones is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Key points include:

• Rashes may appear less red and more brown, purple, or gray on darker skin
• Inflammation can cause hyperpigmentation in darker skin tones
• Some rashes may be less noticeable on darker skin, requiring careful examination

Why is inclusive dermatology important? Recognizing how skin conditions manifest across all skin tones ensures accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for all patients, regardless of their skin color.

When to Worry: Red Flags in Skin Rashes

While many rashes are benign, some symptoms warrant immediate medical attention:

• Rash accompanied by difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Sudden onset of a widespread rash
• Fever or signs of infection accompanying the rash
• Rash that is painful or blistering
• Rashes that don’t improve with home treatment

How can you distinguish between a harmless rash and a potentially serious one? While it’s not always possible to tell at home, any rash accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever or breathing difficulties should be evaluated by a healthcare professional promptly.

The Role of Allergies in Skin Rashes

Allergies play a significant role in many skin rashes, including:

• Contact dermatitis from allergens like nickel or latex
• Atopic dermatitis (eczema) flare-ups triggered by environmental allergens
• Hives caused by food allergies or medications

How do allergies cause skin rashes? Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to a substance, releasing chemicals that can cause inflammation and irritation in the skin.

Rashes in Children: Special Considerations

Children are particularly prone to certain types of rashes, including:

• Viral rashes like fifth disease and hand, foot, and mouth disease
• Eczema, which often begins in childhood
• Diaper rash in infants and toddlers

Why are children more susceptible to certain rashes? Children’s developing immune systems and frequent exposure to new environments and pathogens in schools or daycare settings can make them more prone to infectious rashes.

The Psychological Impact of Skin Rashes

Skin rashes, especially chronic or visible ones, can have significant psychological effects:

• Decreased self-esteem and confidence
• Social anxiety and isolation
• Depression and anxiety
• Stress, which can further exacerbate skin conditions

How can the psychological impact of skin rashes be addressed? A holistic approach to treatment, including psychological support and counseling when needed, can help individuals cope with the emotional aspects of skin conditions.

Emerging Treatments in Dermatology

The field of dermatology is constantly evolving, with new treatments emerging for various skin conditions:

• Biologics for severe psoriasis and eczema
• Light therapy for certain skin conditions
• Targeted therapies for specific types of rashes
• Personalized medicine approaches based on genetic profiles

How are these new treatments changing the landscape of dermatology? These advancements offer hope for more effective and personalized treatments, potentially improving outcomes for patients with difficult-to-treat skin conditions.

The Role of Diet in Skin Health

While the link between diet and skin health is complex, certain dietary factors may influence skin conditions:

• Omega-3 fatty acids for reducing inflammation
• Antioxidants for protecting skin cells
• Probiotics for supporting skin barrier function
• Avoiding trigger foods in conditions like rosacea

Can dietary changes alone treat skin rashes? While diet can play a supportive role in skin health, it’s typically not sufficient as a sole treatment for most skin conditions. A balanced approach combining proper skincare, medical treatments, and a healthy diet is often most effective.

Environmental Factors and Skin Rashes

Various environmental factors can contribute to the development or exacerbation of skin rashes:

• UV radiation from sun exposure
• Pollution and air quality
• Climate factors like humidity and temperature
• Occupational exposures to irritants or allergens

How can environmental factors be mitigated to protect skin health? Strategies include using appropriate sun protection, minimizing exposure to known irritants, and maintaining a skin-friendly indoor environment with proper humidity levels.

The Future of Rash Diagnosis: Telemedicine and AI

Advancements in technology are changing how skin rashes are diagnosed and monitored:

• Telemedicine allowing remote consultations with dermatologists
• AI-powered apps for preliminary rash identification
• Digital dermatoscopes for detailed skin imaging
• Machine learning algorithms for analyzing skin conditions

How might these technologies impact dermatology care? These advancements have the potential to improve access to dermatological care, especially in underserved areas, and may aid in earlier and more accurate diagnosis of skin conditions.

Understanding the diverse world of skin rashes is crucial for prompt identification and effective treatment. By recognizing the unique characteristics of different rashes, considering how they present across various skin tones, and staying informed about treatment options, individuals can better manage their skin health. Remember, while this guide provides comprehensive information, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment of persistent or concerning skin conditions.

22 Common Skin Rashes, Pictures, Causes & Treatment

A rash is any area of irritated or swollen skin on your body. Rashes are often itchy and painful and can appear differently on different skin tones. While they are often described as red, on darker skin tones, they may be purple, gray, or white.

Rashes have a variety of causes, from bites to chickenpox to serious conditions like drug allergies. Seek medical attention if home remedies do not help or if you also have symptoms such as fever or dizziness.

There are many different causes of rashes. Here’s a list of 22 potential causes with pictures.

Fleabites

Share on PinterestFlea bites of the lower leg causing red bumps and scabbing. Angela Hampton Picture Library / Alamy Stock Photo

• usually located in clusters on the lower legs and feet
• itchy, small red bumps on lighter skin tones and more plum-like in color on darker skin tones
• symptoms begin immediately after being bitten

Read the full article on fleabites.

Fifth disease

Share on PinterestFifth disease is a viral illness caused by parvovirus, which can cause a ‘slapped cheek’ rash. Kardelen Yang?n Via Wikipedia

• symptoms include headache, fatigue, low fever, sore throat, runny nose, diarrhea, and nausea
• children are more likely than adults to experience a rash
• round, bright red rash on the cheeks, but it may be less noticeable on darker skin tones
• usually after the face rash, a lacy-patterned rash may appear on the arms, legs, and upper body and might be more visible after a hot shower or bath

Read the full article on fifth disease.

Rosacea

Share on PinterestWeinkle, A. P., Doktor, V., & Emer, J. (2015). Update on the management of rosacea. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 8, 159–177. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S58940

• chronic (long-term) skin disease that goes through cycles of fading and relapse
• relapses may be triggered by spicy foods, alcoholic beverages, sunlight, stress, and the intestinal bacteria Helicobacter pylori
• the four subtypes of rosacea encompass a wide variety of symptoms
• common symptoms include facial flushing, raised red bumps, facial redness, skin dryness, and skin sensitivity
• on darker skin tones, brown or yellowish-brown bumps may appear, and the rash can have a dusky coloration

Read the full article on rosacea.

Impetigo

Share on PinterestThis image also depicts impetigo on dark skin. Photography courtesy of Grook Da Oger/Wikimedia

• most common in children 2 to 5 years old, but can happen at any age
• often located in the area around the mouth, chin, and nose
• irritating rash and fluid-filled blisters that pop easily and form a honey-colored crust
• can also appear brown, purple, or gray on darker skin tones

Read the full article on impetigo.

Ringworm

Share on PinterestRingworm on the face of a child. BSIP SA / Alamy Stock Photo

• itchy, circular scaly patches with raised borders
• on lighter skin tones, the patches can appear pink or red
• on darker skin tones, the patches can appear gray or brown
• skin in the middle of the ring appears clearer, and the edges of the ring may spread outward

Read the full article on ringworm.

Contact dermatitis

• appears hours to days after contact with an allergen
• has visible borders and typically appears where your skin touched the irritating substance
• on lighter skin tones, it can appear red
• on darker skin tones, it may be less noticeable
• may have blisters that weep, ooze, or become crusty
• typically itchy, scaly, or raw

Read the full article on contact dermatitis.

Allergic eczema

• may resemble a burn
• often found on hands and forearms
• skin is itchy, scaly, or raw
• may have blisters that weep, ooze, or become crusty
• on lighter skin tones, it can appear red
• on darker skin tones, it can cause darker brown, purple, or gray patches

Read the full article on allergic eczema.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Share on PinterestHand-foot-and-mouth disease MidgleyDJ at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

• usually affects children under age 5
• painful, red blisters in the mouth and on the tongue and gums
• flat or raised red spots located on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
• on darker skin tones, it can be skin-colored or grayish-brown
• spots may also appear on the buttocks or genital area

Read the full article on hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Diaper rash

• located on areas that have contact with a diaper
• skin looks red, wet, and slightly lighter or darker than typical skin color
• may be warm to the touch

Read the full article on diaper rash.

Eczema

• dry, rough, flaky, inflamed, and irritated skin
• affected areas may be red and itchy
• hair loss may occur in the area with the rash
• on darker skin tones, it can appear as darker brown or gray patches

Read the full article on eczema.

Psoriasis

Share on PinterestPsoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, scaly plaques on the skin. It is immune system mediated, and genetics likely also play a role. Vitek2808/Shutterstock

• scaly, silvery, sharply defined skin patches
• on darker skin tones, it may look darker than the surrounding skin or it might appear purple
• commonly located on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back
• may be itchy or asymptomatic

Read the full article on psoriasis.

Chickenpox

Share on PinterestChild with chickenpox Grook da oger, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

• clusters of itchy, red, fluid-filled blisters in various stages of healing all over the body
• on darker skin tones, it can be red, the same as the natural skin tone, or a little darker; scabs can appear gray
• rash is accompanied by fever, body aches, sore throat, and loss of appetite
• remains contagious until all blisters have crusted over

Read the full article on chickenpox.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

• an autoimmune disease that displays a wide variety of symptoms and affects many body systems and organs
• a wide array of skin and mucous membrane symptoms that range from rashes to ulcers
• classic butterfly-shaped face rash that crosses from cheek to cheek over the nose
• can appear bright red on lighter skin tones
• on darker skin tones, it may appear red, brown, or darker than the original skin color
• rashes may appear or get worse with sun exposure

Read the full article on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Share on Pinterestchatuphot/Shutterstock

• painful rash that may burn, tingle, or itch, even if there are no blisters present
• clusters of fluid-filled blisters that break easily and weep fluid
• rash emerges in a band-like pattern that appears most commonly on the torso, but may occur on other parts of the body, including the face
• may be accompanied by low fever, chills, headache, or fatigue

Read the full article on shingles.

Cellulitis

Share on PinterestCellulitis of the lower legs. TisforThan/Shutterstock

This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care is required.

• caused by bacteria or fungi entering through a crack or cut in the skin
• tends to be red or pink
• it may appear less obvious on darker skin tones and can also look brown, gray, or purple
• painful, swollen skin with or without oozing that spreads quickly
• hot and tender to the touch
• might be a sign of serious infection requiring medical attention

Read the full article on cellulitis.

Drug allergy

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This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care is required.

• mild to severe itchy, red rash may occur days to weeks after taking a drug
• severe drug allergies can be life threatening, and symptoms include rash, blisters, hives, racing heart, swelling, itching, and difficulty breathing
• other symptoms include fever, stomach upset, and tiny purple or red dots on the skin

Read the full article on drug allergies.

Scabies

Share on PinterestScabies is an itchy skin infestation with mites. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

• symptoms may take 2 to 5 weeks to appear
• extremely itchy rash with small bumps that may be scaly
• raised, white, or flesh-toned lines

Read the full article on scabies.

Measles

Share on PinterestMeasles on the torso of a child phichet chaiyabin/Shutterstock

• symptoms include fever, sore throat, red watery eyes, loss of appetite, cough, and runny nose
• depending on skin tone, the rash may be red, skin-colored, or darker than the natural skin color
• the rash spreads from the face down the body 3 to 5 days after first symptoms appear
• tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background can appear inside the mouth

Read the full article on measles.

Tick bite

Share on PinterestAitor Diago/Getty Images

• painless and causes only minor signs and symptoms, such as a change in skin color, swelling, or a sore on the skin
• rash, burning sensation, or blisters
• difficulty breathing, which requires immediate medical attention
• the tick often remains attached to the skin for a long time
• bites rarely appear in groups
• may look like a target, circular, expanding — 70 to 80 percent of people with Lyme disease will have this rash

Read the full article on tick bites.

Seborrheic eczema

Share on PinterestZay Nyi Nyi/Shutterstock

• yellow or white scaly patches that flake off
• affected areas may be red — though they may appear faint on darker skin tones —, itchy, greasy, yellowish or white patches
• hair loss may occur in the rash area

Read the full article on seborrheic eczema.

Scarlet fever

Share on PinterestChild with scarlet fever rash and rosy cheeks badobadop, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

• occurs at the same time as or right after a strep throat infection
• rash is made up of tiny bumps that make it feel like “sandpaper”
• bright red tongue
• people with lighter skin tones can have a bright red rash all over the body (but not on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet)
• on people with darker skin tones, it may be more difficult to see the rash, but their skin will have a sandpaper-like texture

Read the full article on scarlet fever.

Kawasaki disease

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This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care is required.

• usually affects children under age 5
• red cracked lips, swollen tongue (strawberry tongue), high fever, swollen red palms and soles of the feet, swollen lymph nodes, bloodshot eyes
• can be harder to recognize on darker skin tones
• may cause severe heart problems

Read the full article on Kawasaki disease.

Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is one of the most common causes of rashes. This type of rash occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with a foreign substance that causes an adverse reaction, leading to a rash. The resulting rash may be itchy, red, or inflamed.

Possible causes of contact dermatitis include:

• beauty products
• soaps
• laundry detergent
• dyes in clothing
• chemicals in rubber, elastic, or latex
• poisonous plants, such as poison oak, poison ivy, or poison sumac

Medications

Taking medications may also cause rashes. They can form as a result of:

• an allergic reaction to the medication
• a side effect of the medication
• photosensitivity from the medication

Other causes

Other possible causes of rashes include the following:

• A rash can sometimes develop in the area of a bug bite, such as a fleabite. Tick bites are of particular concern because they can transmit disease.
• Atopic dermatitis, the most common form of eczema, is a rash that may be more common in people with asthma or allergies. The rash is often reddish, though it can be skin-colored or darker on people with darker skin tones. It can be itchy with a scaly texture.
• Psoriasis is a common skin condition that can cause a scaly, itchy, red, or purplish rash to form along the scalp, elbows, and joints.
• Seborrheic eczema is a type of eczema that most often affects the scalp and causes redness, scaly patches, and dandruff. It can also occur on the ears, brows, or nose. When babies have it, it’s known as cradle cap.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can trigger a rash on the cheeks and nose. This rash is known as a “butterfly,” or malar, rash.
• Rosacea is a chronic skin condition of unknown cause. There are several types of rosacea, but all are characterized by redness and rash on the face.
• Ringworm is a fungal infection that causes a distinctive ring-shaped rash. The same fungus that causes ringworm on the body and the scalp also causes jock itch and athlete’s foot.
• Diaper rash is a common skin irritation in infants and toddlers. It can be associated with prolonged exposure to a wet diaper.
• Scabies is an infestation by tiny mites that live on and burrow into your skin. It causes a bumpy, itchy rash.
• Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin. It usually appears as a red, swollen area that is painful and tender to the touch. If left untreated, the infection causing the cellulitis can spread and become life threatening.

Causes of rashes in children

Children are particularly prone to rashes that develop as a result of illnesses:

• Chickenpox is caused by a virus, and the rash is characterized by small itchy bumps and blisters that form all over the body.
• Measles is a viral respiratory infection that causes a widespread rash consisting of itchy, red bumps.
• Scarlet fever is an infection due to group A Streptococcus bacteria that produces a toxin, causing a bright red or skin-tone-colored, sandpaper-like rash.
• Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral infection that can cause red lesions on the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet.
• Fifth disease is a viral infection that causes a red, flat rash on the torso, arms, and legs.
• Kawasaki disease is a rare but serious illness that triggers a rash and fever in the early stages and can lead to heart complications.
• Impetigo is a contagious bacterial infection that causes an itchy, crusty rash and yellow, fluid-filled sores on the affected area, such as the face, neck, or hands.

You can treat most contact rashes, but it depends on the cause. Follow these guidelines to help ease discomfort and speed up the healing process:

• Use mild, gentle cleansers instead of scented bar soaps.
• Use warm water instead of hot water for washing your skin and hair.
• Pat the rash dry instead of rubbing it.
• Let the rash breathe. If it’s possible, avoid covering it with clothing.
• Stop using new cosmetics or lotions that may have triggered the rash.
• Apply unscented moisturizing lotion to areas affected by eczema.
• Avoid scratching the rash because doing so can make it worse and could lead to infection.
• Apply an over-the-counter (OTC) hydrocortisone cream to the affected area if the rash is very itchy and causing discomfort. Calamine lotion can also help relieve rashes from chickenpox, poison ivy, or poison oak.
• Take an oatmeal bath. This can soothe the itchiness associated with rashes from eczema or psoriasis. Here’s how to make an oatmeal bath.
• Wash your hair and scalp regularly with dandruff shampoo if you have dandruff along with a rash. Medicated dandruff shampoo is commonly available at drugstores, but your doctor can prescribe stronger types if you need them.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications

Talk with a healthcare professional, who may recommend OTC medication like ibuprofen or acetaminophen to treat mild pain associated with the rash.

Avoid taking these medications for an extended period because they can have side effects. Ask a healthcare professional how long it’s safe for you to take them. You may not be able to take them if you have liver or kidney disease or a history of stomach ulcers.

Call a healthcare professional if the rash doesn’t go away with home remedies. You should also contact them if you’re experiencing other symptoms in addition to your rash and you suspect you have an illness.

If you don’t already have a physician, you can use the Healthline FindCare tool to find a professional near you.

Go to the hospital immediately if you experience a rash along with any of the following symptoms:

• increasing pain or discoloration in the rash area
• tightness or itchiness in the throat
• difficulty breathing
• swelling of the face or limbs
• fever of 100. 4°F (38°C) or higher
• confusion
• dizziness
• severe head or neck pain
• repeated vomiting or diarrhea

Contact a healthcare professional if you have a rash as well as other systemic symptoms, including:

• joint pain
• a sore throat
• red streaks or tender areas near the rash
• a recent tick bite or animal bite

Your healthcare professional will perform a physical exam and inspect your rash. Expect to answer questions about your:

• rash
• medical history
• diet
• recent use of products or medications
• hygiene

Your healthcare professional may also:

• take your temperature
• order tests, such as an allergy test or complete blood count
• perform a skin biopsy, which involves taking a small sample of skin tissue for analysis
• refer you to a specialist, such as a dermatologist, for further evaluation

Your healthcare professional may also prescribe medication or medicated lotion to relieve your rash. Most people can treat their rashes effectively with medical treatments and home care.

Follow these tips if you have a rash:

• Use home remedies to soothe mild contact rashes.
• Identify potential triggers for the rash and avoid them as much as possible.
• Call a healthcare professional if the rash doesn’t go away with home treatments. You should also contact them if you’re experiencing other symptoms in addition to your rash and you suspect you have an illness.
• Carefully follow any treatments your doctor prescribes. Speak with a healthcare professional if your rash persists or worsens despite treatment.

Rashes are areas of irritated or swollen skin. These areas may become itchy, painful, or dry out.

Skin discoloration is a common rash symptom, which can present differently on different skin tones. Rashes may appear red or pink on lighter skin tones, while on darker skin tones they may be purple, gray, or white.

Read the article in Spanish.

Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Picture, and More

A malar rash, also known as a butterfly rash, may have many causes from sunburn to chronic diseases. It can often be cured.

Malar rash is a red or purplish facial rash with a “butterfly” pattern. It covers your cheeks and the bridge of your nose, but usually not the rest of the face. The rash can be flat or raised.

A malar rash can occur with many different diseases and conditions, from sunburn to lupus. It’s most often seen in people with rosacea.

It may be scaly and sometimes itchy, but it doesn’t have bumps or blisters. It may also be painful.

Sunlight triggers this rash. It can appear on other parts of the body that are exposed to the sun if you’re sensitive to sunlight. The rash may come and go, and it can last for days or weeks at a time.

Many conditions may cause a malar rash:

• Rosacea, also called adult acne. Rosacea’s rash is also characterized by pimples and enlarged blood vessels.
• Lupus. A rare condition with a variety of symptoms, it can result in other types of rashes.
• Seborrheic dermatitis. With this condition, the rash could occur on your face and other areas. It also involves scaling of your skin and scalp.
• Photosensitivity. If you’re sensitive to sunlight or get too much sun, you may have a sunburn that looks like a malar rash.
• Erysipelas. Caused by Streptococcus bacteria, this infection can lead to a painful malar rash. It may also involve the ear.
• Cellulitis. This is a type of a bacterial infection affecting the deeper skin layers.
• Lyme disease. In addition to a rash, this disease, resulting from another type of bacterial infection, may also produce flu symptoms, joint pain, and many other problems.
• Bloom syndrome. This inherited chromosomal disorder has multiple additional symptoms, including skin pigmentation changes and mild intellectual disability.
• Dermatomyositis. This connective tissue disorder also causes skin inflammation.
• Homocystinuria. In addition to a malar rash, this genetic disorder may lead to vision problems and intellectual disability.

Rosacea is the most common cause of a malar rash.

It’s also very common in the population. About 16 million Americans are estimated to have rosacea.

Usually the rash is triggered by:

• stress
• spicy food
• hot drinks
• alcohol

With rosacea, you may have:

• redness that spreads to your forehead and chin
• visible broken spider veins on your face
• raised patches of facial skin called plaques
• thickened skin on your nose or chin
• acne breakouts
• red and irritated eyes

The cause of rosacea isn’t known. Scientists are investigating possible factors, including:

• an immune system reaction
• a gut infection
• a skin mite
• the skin protein cathelicidin

About 66 percent of people with lupus develop a skin disease. Malar rash is present in 50 to 60 percent of people with systemic lupus erythematosus, also known as acute cutaneous lupus. Lupus is a somewhat rare condition, likely underdiagnosed due to its complexity.

Other forms of lupus skin disease include:

• discoid lupus, which causes round, disk-shaped sores with raised edges, usually on the scalp and face.
• subacute cutaneous lupus, which appears as red scaly lesions with red edges, or red ring-shaped lesions
• calcinosis, which is a buildup of calcium deposits under the skin that may leak a whitish liquid
• cutaneous vasculitis lesions, which cause small reddish-purple spots or bumps on the skin

A malar rash can have many different causes, and there’s no simple way to tell if your rash is a sign of lupus. Lupus is a complex disease that affects each person differently. Symptoms may start slowly or suddenly. The symptoms also vary widely in severity.

Additional symptoms may include:

• rashes of varying types
• mouth, nose, or scalp sores
• skin sensitivity to light
• arthritis in two or more joints
• lung or heart inflammation
• kidney problems
• neurological problems
• abnormal blood tests
• immune system disorder
• fevers

Having a few of these symptoms doesn’t mean that you have lupus.

Diagnosis of a malar rash can be a challenge because there are many possible causes. Your doctor will take a medical history and review all your symptoms to rule out other possibilities.

If your doctor suspects lupus or a genetic disease, they will order blood and urine tests.

Specialized tests for lupus look for:

• low white blood cell count, low platelets, or low red blood cells, which indicate anemia
• antinuclear antibodies, which are usually a probable sign of lupus
• levels of antibodies for double-stranded DNA and red blood cells
• levels of other autoimmune antibodies
• levels of proteins that have immune functions
• kidney, liver, or lung damage from inflammation
• heart damage

You may also need a chest X-ray and echocardiogram to look for heart damage. A diagnosis of lupus depends on many test results, not just one marker.

Treatment for malar rash depends on the severity of your rash and the suspected cause. Because sunlight is often a trigger for malar rash in general, the first line of treatment is to limit your sun exposure and use sunscreen rated at SPF 30 or more. If you have to be in the sun. wear a hat, sunglasses, and protective clothing in addition to sunscreen. Learn more about choosing a sunscreen.

Other treatments depend on the cause of the rash.

Rosacea

Rosacea malar rash treatment may include antibiotics, special skin creams to heal and repair your skin, and possible laser or light treatments.

Bacterial infection

If you have a bacterial infection, you’ll be prescribed a topical antibiotic. For systemic bacterial infections — that is, infections affecting the entire body — you may need oral or intravenous antibiotics.

Lupus

Lupus malar rash treatment depends on the severity of your symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe:

• steroidal creams for your rash
• topical immunomodulators, such as tacrolimus ointment (Protopic)
• nonsteroidal drugs to help with inflammation
• antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), which has been found to suppress inflammation
• immunosuppressive drugs, in more severe cases, to treat the rash and prevent its recurrence
• thalidomide (Thalomid), which has been found to improve lupus rashes that don’t respond to other treatments

Home remedies

You can take steps to keep your face comfortable while the rash heals.

• Wash your face with a mild, unscented soap.
• Apply small amounts of mild oils, cocoa butter, baking soda, or aloe vera gel to the rash to soothe the skin.

A malar rash may have many causes from sunburn to chronic diseases.

Rashes caused by bacterial infections can be cured. On the other hand, rosacea and lupus are both chronic diseases, for which there currently aren’t any cures. Rashes from these conditions improve with treatment, but can flare up again.

See your doctor if you have a malar rash so that they can determine the underlying cause and start you on the right treatment.

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Allergic skin rash in infants

• Main
• All about allergies
• Allergy in children
• Allergic skin eruption in infants

Contents

Most common types of allergic rash

Skin allergy is the most common type of allergic reaction in infants. This is because the skin of babies is very delicate and sensitive. Therefore, any stimulus can cause allergic rash on her.

Allergic rash in children most commonly presents as atopic eczema, papular urticaria, heat rash, urticaria, or intertrigo.

Thus, atopic eczema is characterized by red, itchy rashes that may consist of tiny red bumps. This allergic rash in a baby typically develops after 2 months of age and is, in fact, an inflammatory skin condition. Eczema is the most common version of childhood rash caused by allergies.

However, allergic rash in infants can also be caused by insect bites such as pet fleas, ticks, bedbugs and mosquitoes.

It is called papular urticaria. Most often, such a reaction manifests itself in open areas of the body, such as hands, face and neck. But in babies with a strong reaction, hives can appear all over the body, giving the impression that there are many insect bites, when in fact, there may be only one bite.

Another common type of childhood skin reaction is heat rash. It is also called miliaria or “potnichka”. It is usually seen on the face, neck, back, armpits, or buttocks. Such a rash on the skin appears when the child overheats. In most cases, it does not require treatment and goes away on its own.

An allergic reaction such as urticaria may disappear on its own. True, in some cases it will take several hours, while in others the urticaria can last for several weeks.

Antihistamines for children will help speed up the healing process.

In general, urticaria resembles stinging nettles. It can take on various sizes and shapes and develop anywhere in the body.

But intertrigo appears in skin folds. Therefore, this problem is more likely to affect chubby babies. At the same time, the most common place of its appearance is the neck. As an allergy develops, skin-to-skin rubbing can cause pain.

Causes of allergies in infants

Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system to one or another allergen: food, pollen, dander, dust, etc. In response to an irritant, the immune system releases inflammatory mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin, which leads to an inflammatory response.

Due to the sensitivity of the skin of infants, allergies and similar contact dermatitis in them can be provoked by various irritants. For example, Allergy on the buttocks of a child is a frequent consequence of a diaper that has not been changed in time.

Food, soaps, detergents and even saliva can also cause breakouts.

For example, intertrigo occurs as a reaction to excessive moisture : saliva and sweat that accumulate in the folds of the child’s skin. Because these skin areas are less exposed to the air, moisture stays in them longer, making the baby vulnerable to infection.

But in the development of eczema, an important role is played by the genetic predisposition to this problem. Synthetic clothing, certain detergents, food allergies, and exposure to irritants such as dust, smoke, and sweat can also cause this rash.

Sweaty skin is the main cause of miliaria (heat rash). Because babies’ sweat glands are small, their bodies don’t have the ability to regulate their temperature, making them prone to heat rash. Therefore, tight clothing, or even a seat belt in a car seat that fits snugly against the body, can cause a rash in warm, humid weather.

Sudden changes in temperature can also cause hives. Although insect bites and certain types of food are also often associated with it. Sometimes urticaria also occurs in infectious or viral diseases.

But be careful: skin rashes in a small child can be a sign of an infectious or viral disease.

If rash is accompanied by high fever, vomiting, lethargy, or other unusual symptoms, consult physician for conditions such as chickenpox, measles, meningitis, etc.

At the same time, sometimes a rash in a baby can be a variant of the norm. For example, in the first month of life, a child often develops so-called baby acne. They are the result of hormonal changes and over time – approximately in the third month – pass on their own.

Allergic rash symptoms

If a child develops reddish, swollen patches anywhere on the body after eating a certain food (most commonly cow’s milk, eggs, peanuts, or seafood) or after significant changes in temperature, it is most likely urticaria .

Antihistamines may help in this case . But the best option would be to eliminate exposure to the allergen.

For example, if a food allergy is suspected, an elimination diet is prescribed. If the child is fully breastfed, the diet should be followed by the mother, temporarily excluding potential allergens from her menu.

Other allergic reaction in a child – eczema or atopic dermatitis , most often manifests itself as a rash on the cheeks, neck, and also in the folds of the skin. However, it can also occur throughout the body. Eczema is characterized by a red and itchy rash. If a child constantly scratches such a rash, characteristic pigmentation may occur in these areas. To prevent this condition, wash and moisturize your baby’s skin well with products with neutral odors.

In the case of papular urticaria, the rash may also be very itchy. The reaction itself begins as a small raised tubercle. Over time, this rash can enlarge and become reddish-brown.

A topical steroid cream, which is used to relieve itching, helps here. An antihistamine may also relieve the condition, but should be given at night. Antihistamines for infants are prescribed in the form of drops. Such allergy drops for children should be new generation drugs, because they have fewer side effects.

But be careful: if a child scratches the skin, it can lead to infection. The doctor may then prescribe an antibiotic cream.

Red or reddish-brown tint, as in papular urticaria, may also have intertrigo rash . In this case, the affected areas of the skin can also itch, and sometimes smell unpleasant. Sometimes the skin may become cracked.

To get rid of such a rash, the skin, especially the folds, must be washed well with water and dried. Vaseline or a zinc oxide barrier cream is then applied to it to speed up the healing process. In severe cases, steroid drugs are prescribed.

But miliaria rash looks like tiny red bumps. This condition can also be manifested by blisters filled with pus, which is formed due to blockage of the sweat ducts.

Heat rash in a child , if the cause of the overheating is removed, usually goes away on its own in three to four days.

Allergy to the buttocks in a child

Allergy to the buttocks in a child may be a symptom of diaper dermatitis. Other symptoms include swelling of the skin and red spots that usually appear on the rounded part of the buttocks.

This rash usually improves with frequent diaper changes and the use of baby powder or zinc ointment.

However, sometimes a child’s butt allergy may actually be a yeast rash caused by a fungus. Its signs are pink blotches that usually appear on the skin folds of the child. They may be accompanied by small pink dots or ulcers around the edge. This disease is treated with an antifungal cream.

To prevent these and other skin manifestations, try to avoid situations where the child sweats. The skin must be clean and dry. But don’t use soap too often. It can over-dry the skin. Therefore, it is better to wash the child with plain water, and after bathing, moisturize the skin with baby cream or oil.

Information sources :

1. https://www.thebump.com/a/baby-rash/amp

2. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rashes-babies-and- children/

3. https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-spot-and-take-care-of-your-babys-rash

4. https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/health/baby-hives/

5.