What causes seaweed irritation. How to identify seaweed dermatitis symptoms. What are effective treatments for seaweed rash. How to prevent seaweed-induced skin reactions. When to seek medical attention for seaweed irritation. How does seaweed dermatitis differ from other marine-related skin conditions. What precautions should swimmers take in seaweed-prone areas.

Understanding Seaweed Dermatitis: Causes and Characteristics

Seaweed dermatitis is a skin condition that occurs when the body comes into contact with certain toxic algae species, primarily Lyngbya majuscula. This blue-green alga, also known as Microcoleus lyngbyaceus, is found in tropical and subtropical coastal waters worldwide. The condition is distinct from other marine-related skin reactions such as sea bather’s eruption or swimmer’s itch, which are caused by different organisms.

Lyngbya majuscula typically appears as dark, matted masses resembling hair or felt. Its color can range from blackish-green to olive-green, with variations in grey, red, or yellow. The filaments of this seaweed can grow up to 10 centimeters in length and often become entangled with other marine vegetation in reef flats, tide pools, or waters up to 30 meters deep.

The Toxins Behind the Irritation

The primary culprits responsible for seaweed dermatitis are two toxins produced by Lyngbya majuscula: lyngbyatoxin A and debromoaplysiatoxin. The potency of these toxins can vary significantly depending on the region, season, and specific strain of the seaweed. It’s important to note that not all strains of Lyngbya majuscula are toxic, which explains why seaweed dermatitis outbreaks can be sporadic and localized.

Symptoms and Manifestations of Seaweed Irritation

The symptoms of seaweed dermatitis can manifest within minutes to several hours after exposure to the toxic algae. The most common signs include:

• Intense itching and burning sensations
• A red, sometimes blistering rash
• Swollen eyes
• Irritation of the nose and throat
• Skin sores
• Headache
• Fatigue

The rash often appears in a pattern that corresponds to the areas covered by swimwear, as the toxins can become trapped between the skin and the fabric. Men may experience irritation on the scrotum, while women might notice symptoms under the breasts. In more severe cases, the rash can spread to the face, eyes, and mouth, sometimes accompanied by swelling.

Duration and Severity of Symptoms

For most individuals, the symptoms of seaweed dermatitis typically last between 4 to 48 hours. However, in more severe cases, skin sores may persist for several weeks. The intensity of the reaction can vary from person to person, with some experiencing mild discomfort while others may require medical intervention.

Diagnosis and Differential Considerations

Diagnosing seaweed dermatitis can be challenging, as its symptoms may resemble other marine-related skin conditions. Healthcare professionals must consider the patient’s recent swimming history, the geographical location of exposure, and the specific pattern of the rash to make an accurate diagnosis.

Distinguishing Seaweed Dermatitis from Other Marine Skin Reactions

To differentiate seaweed dermatitis from similar conditions, consider the following:

1. Sea bather’s eruption: Caused by larval forms of certain sea anemones and thimble jellyfish
2. Swimmer’s itch: Results from bites of parasitic schistosomes (flatworms)
3. Seaweed dermatitis: Specifically caused by contact with toxic Lyngbya majuscula

While these conditions may present similar symptoms, the underlying causes and treatment approaches can differ significantly. A thorough patient history and careful examination of the rash pattern are crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Treatment Strategies for Seaweed Irritation

The treatment for seaweed dermatitis focuses on alleviating symptoms and preventing further irritation. Here are some recommended steps:

Immediate Action

• Remove the swimsuit immediately after exiting the water
• Wash the affected skin vigorously with soap and water
• Clean the swimsuit thoroughly to remove any lingering algae fragments

Symptomatic Relief

For mild to moderate cases:

• Apply wet towels to soothe the affected areas
• Use calamine lotion to reduce itching and discomfort
• Rinse the skin with isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol to aid in decontamination
• Apply 1% hydrocortisone lotion twice daily to reduce inflammation

For severe reactions:

• Oral steroids (prednisone) may be prescribed by a healthcare professional
• If signs of infection develop, antibiotics might be necessary

Eye Exposure

If the eyes have been exposed to the toxic algae, irrigate them with tap water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists or vision is affected, seek immediate medical attention.

Prevention and Risk Mitigation

While complete avoidance of seaweed dermatitis may not always be possible for those who enjoy ocean activities, there are several precautions that can significantly reduce the risk of exposure:

• Stay informed about local algal bloom reports and beach closures
• Avoid swimming in areas known for seaweed growth, especially during bloom seasons
• Shower or bathe with soap and water immediately after ocean activities
• Thoroughly wash all swimwear and gear after each use
• Consider wearing protective clothing, such as rash guards or wetsuits, to minimize direct skin contact with seaweed

Seasonal Considerations

In some regions, such as Hawaii, seaweed dermatitis cases peak during the summer months, particularly in windward swimming areas. Strong trade winds can dislodge seaweed from the ocean floor, causing fragments to drift into popular swimming bays and beaches. Being aware of these seasonal patterns can help individuals make informed decisions about when and where to engage in water activities.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many cases of seaweed dermatitis can be managed with home care and over-the-counter treatments, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention:

• Difficulty breathing or signs of a severe allergic reaction
• Persistent or worsening skin sores
• Signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or pus
• Severe pain or discomfort that doesn’t respond to home remedies
• Symptoms that persist for more than a week

Healthcare professionals can provide more targeted treatments and ensure that the condition doesn’t progress to a more serious state.

Environmental Impact and Public Health Concerns

Seaweed dermatitis is not just a health concern for individuals; it also has broader implications for public health and environmental management. Algal blooms, including those involving Lyngbya majuscula, can have significant ecological impacts on marine ecosystems and local economies that rely on coastal tourism.

Monitoring and Reporting Systems

Many coastal regions have implemented monitoring systems to track algal blooms and their potential health risks. These systems often involve:

• Regular water quality testing
• Aerial surveys to identify large-scale bloom events
• Collaboration between environmental agencies and public health departments
• Public awareness campaigns to educate residents and tourists about the risks

In some jurisdictions, health authorities have the power to close public beaches when significant algal blooms are detected, prioritizing public safety over recreational access.

Research and Future Directions

Ongoing research into seaweed dermatitis and toxic algal blooms focuses on several key areas:

• Developing more accurate prediction models for bloom occurrences
• Investigating the environmental factors that contribute to toxin production in algae
• Exploring potential mitigation strategies to reduce the frequency and severity of blooms
• Improving diagnostic tools to quickly differentiate seaweed dermatitis from other marine-related skin conditions

As climate change continues to affect marine ecosystems, understanding and managing the risks associated with toxic algae will become increasingly important for coastal communities worldwide.

Global Perspectives on Seaweed Dermatitis

While seaweed dermatitis is often associated with tropical and subtropical regions, the global distribution of Lyngbya majuscula means that cases can occur in various parts of the world. Different cultures and regions have their own terms and traditional remedies for this condition:

Regional Names and Cultural Significance

• In Hawaii, toxic marine organisms, including seaweed, are collectively referred to as “stinging limu”
• Some Pacific Island communities have traditional knowledge about identifying and avoiding toxic seaweed species
• In Australia, where significant research on Lyngbya majuscula has been conducted, it’s sometimes called “fire weed” due to the burning sensation it causes

Understanding these regional perspectives can be valuable for travelers and for developing culturally appropriate public health messages in affected areas.

International Collaboration and Research

The study of seaweed dermatitis and toxic algal blooms has become an increasingly collaborative international effort. Researchers from various countries share data, methodologies, and findings to improve global understanding of the condition. This collaboration is crucial for:

• Developing standardized protocols for monitoring and reporting algal blooms
• Creating a global database of Lyngbya majuscula strains and their toxicity profiles
• Sharing best practices for prevention and treatment across different healthcare systems
• Exploring the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution and toxicity of marine algae

As our understanding of seaweed dermatitis grows, so does our ability to manage and mitigate its impacts on human health and coastal ecosystems.

Emerging Technologies in Detection and Prevention

Advancements in technology are providing new tools for detecting, monitoring, and preventing seaweed dermatitis outbreaks. Some of these innovative approaches include:

Satellite Imaging and Remote Sensing

Satellites equipped with specialized sensors can detect changes in water color and temperature that may indicate algal blooms. This technology allows for:

• Early warning systems for potential bloom events
• Large-scale monitoring of coastal waters
• Tracking the movement and dispersion of algal blooms over time

Molecular Detection Methods

Advanced DNA sequencing techniques are being developed to quickly identify the presence of toxic Lyngbya majuscula strains in water samples. These methods offer:

• Faster and more accurate identification of potentially harmful algae
• The ability to detect toxin-producing genes before visible blooms occur
• Improved understanding of the genetic factors influencing toxin production

Smart Wearables and Mobile Apps

Emerging technologies in personal devices may soon play a role in preventing seaweed dermatitis:

• Wearable sensors that can detect toxins in water
• Mobile apps that provide real-time updates on water quality and algal bloom risks
• Crowdsourced reporting systems for swimmers to share information about water conditions

As these technologies continue to develop and become more widely available, they have the potential to significantly reduce the incidence of seaweed dermatitis and other marine-related skin conditions.

Long-Term Health Implications and Research Needs

While the immediate symptoms of seaweed dermatitis are well-documented, there is ongoing research into potential long-term health effects of repeated exposure to marine toxins. Some areas of current investigation include:

Chronic Health Effects

• Potential links between repeated exposures and sensitization to marine toxins
• Investigation of any cumulative effects on skin health or immune system function
• Exploration of possible systemic effects from absorption of toxins through the skin

Occupational Health Concerns

For individuals who work in marine environments, such as fishermen, marine biologists, and coastal tour guides, repeated exposure to toxic algae may pose unique health risks. Research is needed to:

• Develop appropriate occupational safety guidelines for at-risk professions
• Investigate the effectiveness of various protective gear and practices
• Establish long-term health monitoring protocols for frequently exposed individuals

Ecological and Human Health Interactions

The relationship between environmental health and human health is complex, particularly in coastal ecosystems. Future research should focus on:

• Understanding how changes in marine ecosystems affect the prevalence and toxicity of algal species
• Investigating potential bioaccumulation of algal toxins in the food chain and its implications for human health
• Exploring the broader health impacts of algal blooms on coastal communities, including economic and psychological effects

As our understanding of these long-term implications grows, it will inform more comprehensive approaches to managing the risks associated with seaweed dermatitis and other marine-related health concerns.

Seaweed dermatitis | DermNet NZ

Author: Assoc. Prof. Marius Rademaker, Department of Dermatology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand, 2004.

What is it?

Seaweed dermatitis is a skin rash caused by direct contact with a poisonous type of seaweed (alga), most commonly Lyngbya majuscula. It is different to sea bather’s eruption, which is due to stings from larval forms of certain sea anemones and thimble jellyfishes, or swimmer’s itch, which is due to a bite from parasitic schistosomes (flatworms).

What causes it?

There are over 3,000 species of algae, which can range in size from 1 micron to 100 meters in length. Like all plants, some can be harmful to humans. Seaweed dermatitis is caused by direct contact with Lyngbya majuscula (also known as Microcoleus lyngbyaceus). The fine, hairlike, dark-brown seaweed, commonly known as lyngbya, is distributed worldwide. Lyngbya can be found in certain tropical and sub-tropical shoreline waters but only at certain times of the year, when they can bloom. Seaweed dermatitis is due to toxins lyngbyatoxin A and debromoaplysiatoxin produced by the seaweed. The toxicity of this seaweed varies greatly depending upon region, season, and type. Not all strains of this seaweed are toxic.

What does Lyngbya look like?

Lyngbya majuscula is a blue-green alga. It usually grows in clumps, looking like dark, matted masses of hair or felt. Most often this seaweed is blackish-green or olive-green, but it also grows in shades of grey, red or yellow. The filaments can grow up to 10 centimetres long, and often become tangled with other seaweeds on reef flats, in tide pools or water as deep as 30 meters.

How does Lyngbya cause seaweed dermatitis?

While swimming, or wading in areas where the seaweed grows, small fragments of the seaweed can get caught between the swimming costume (or wet suit) and the skin. On coming out of the water, any seaweed on uncovered sites dries or is rinsed off, but any fragments caught under the swimming costume remain in moist contact with the skin. The pressure of the swimming costume on the skin then rubs the seaweed’s toxin into the skin. The reaction may start a few minutes to a few hours after the victim leaves the water.

What does the rash look like?

Symptoms include itching and burning minutes or even up to 24 hours after leaving the water. A red, sometimes blistering rash occurs, sometimes in an entire swimsuit pattern. It often affects men in the scrotum and females under the breasts, but this depends on the type of swimwear used. Other symptoms include swollen eyes, irritation of the nose and throat, skin sores, headache, and fatigue. Symptoms typically last 4 to 48 hours. In more severe cases, skin sores may appear, which can last up to several weeks.

Sometimes a rash also can occur on the face and in the eyes and mouth. Some victims have swelling of eyes and mouth, but no rash.

How do you treat it?

For mild to moderate contact with the seaweed, remove your swimsuit immediately and wash skin vigorously with soap and water. Wash the swimsuit as well. The rash can be treated as a sunburn using wet towels and soothing creams (eg, calamine). A rinse with isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol may also help to decontaminate the skin. For any rash, 1 % hydrocortisone lotion should be applied twice a day. If the reaction is severe, oral steroids (prednisone) may be required.

Irrigate exposed eyes with tap water for at least 15 minutes. Any difficulty breathing may signal an allergic reaction. If the wound shows any evidence of infection, antibiotics may be needed.

How do you keep from getting it?

The only sure way to avoid seaweed dermatitis is to avoid swimming in the ocean. However, if you choose to swim in the sea, avoid waters where seaweed blooms have been reported. Health authorities generally keep a close eye on algal blooms and report them through the media. In some countries, health authorities have powers to close public beaches.

Take a shower or bathe with lots of soap and water as soon as possible. Thoroughly wash swimsuits, towels, and any associated swim gear to get rid of any attached algae.

Other information

It is also called stinging seaweed. The people in Hawaii call a variety of marine organisms stinging limu. Epidemics of this seaweed-induced rash occasionally occur in the Pacific. In Hawaii, the highest number of cases occur during the summer in windward swimming areas. Persistent trade winds blowing during these summer months may dislodge the seaweed from the bottom. Fragments then drift into swimming bays and beaches.

Other marine organisms, including tiny jellyfish (sea bather’s eruption) and flatworm larvae (swimmer’s itch), can cause similar-looking skin rashes. Distinguishing these from this seaweed dermatitis is often tricky.

Disease Outbreak Control Division | Stinging Seaweed Disease

Stinging Seaweed Disease

Stinging seaweed disease is a skin irritation caused by direct exposure to a poisonous type of algae named Lyngbya majuscula. The fine, hairlike, dark-brown seaweed, commonly known as lyngbya, is found in tropical and subtropical marine and estuarine environment worldwide, including Hawaiian shoreline. Lyngbya produces toxins and being exposed to toxins causes symptoms.

Symptoms include itching/irritation of skin rash and/or blister formation. Other symptoms include swollen eyes, irritation of the nose and throat, skin sores, oral and intestinal irritation, headache, fatigue, fever. The rash frequently appears in the genital and anal areas. In men with genital (sex organ) involvement, swelling of the scrotum is common.

Symptoms may begin several minutes to several hours after exposure to the algae, and typically last 4 to 48 hours. In more serious cases, skin sores may appear, which can last up to 12 days.

You can get stinging seaweed disease by direct exposure to the seaweed while swimming or wading in areas where the seaweed grows.
Lyngbya can get under the swimsuit next to the skin and produce a rash, usually, but not always, in areas covered by the swimsuit.
There have been reported that windblown Lyngbya cause symptoms on face when people walked on the beach during strong winds.

The diagnosis will be based on observation of characteristic clinical signs and lesions after recent contact with Lynbgya.

The rash can be treated as a sunburn using wet towels and soothing creams may be used to alleviate symptoms. If the reaction is severe, steroid treatment may be required.

If wound get infected, antibiotic treatment may be needed.

Lyngbya can be found in certain Hawaiian shoreline waters but only at certain times of the year.

The only sure way to avoid stinging seaweed disease is to avoid swimming in the ocean. However, if you choose to swim in the ocean, avoid waters where stinging seaweed has been reported.

Shower or bathe with lots of soap and water promptly after swimming. Thoroughly wash swimsuits, towels, and any associated swim gear to get rid of any attached algae.

Hawaii State Department of Health Stinging Seaweed Factsheet (PDF)

Lyngbya dermatitis is an irritant contact dermatitis. Lyngbya is a Blue green alga lives in depth down to 100ft. The alga often clump up in to hairy mat-like masses, often called “mermaid hair” or “fireweed”, along the ocean floor and can be blown to areas with swimmers by strong current and/or wind. Histopathological examination of lesions may show dermatitis with infiltrates of lymphocytes and eosinophils, and some neutrophils. By direct contact with Lyngbya, dermatitis, ocular and respiratory tract irritation has been observed. When lyngbya was ingested, oral and intestinal irritation, edema, and cellular damages may be developed. Differential diagnosis includes Swimmer’s itch, and several types of cnidarian dermatitis. Type of water and location of the symptoms on the skin may be able to differentiate from other dermatitis.

Haschek and Rousseaux’s Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology

Last Reviewed: July 2019

Seaweed Allergy | Healthfully

Seaweed has been used for centuries in beauty and pharmaceutical products. It is sometimes used to treat conditions like metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis. Seaweed is also a popular ingredient in many Asian dishes. Although rare, an allergy to seaweed can develop in some people when seaweed is eaten or touched. Because symptoms can be dangerous, it’s essential to understand how a seaweed allergy occurs and how you can treat it.

Common Symptoms

A red, itchy rash can appear within minutes after coming into contact with seaweed, especially poisonous types of seaweed. The rash is typically located in a swimsuit pattern and can develop on the genital area or underneath the breasts. Skin sores, head pain, swollen eyes, and irritation of the throat and nose can also occur. If you eat seaweed and are allergic to it, you may also experience itching in your mouth, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea or tightening of the throat.

• A red, itchy rash can appear within minutes after coming into contact with seaweed, especially poisonous types of seaweed.
• If you eat seaweed and are allergic to it, you may also experience itching in your mouth, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea or tightening of the throat.

The Culprits

Can I Eat Seaweed if I Have a Seafood Allergy?

Symptoms of a seaweed allergy develop when the immune system mistakes the seaweed as a dangerous material and sends out antibodies to fight it. This reaction can occur after eating the seaweed or as a result of having physical contact with seaweed. When swimming or wading in water where seaweed grows, tiny fragments of the seaweed can get trapped between your swimsuit and skin. When your swimsuit puts pressure on the seaweed, the seaweed’s toxins can travel into the skin, which can cause an allergic reaction in some people.

• Symptoms of a seaweed allergy develop when the immune system mistakes the seaweed as a dangerous material and sends out antibodies to fight it.
• When swimming or wading in water where seaweed grows, tiny fragments of the seaweed can get trapped between your swimsuit and skin.

Treatment Options

You can treat mild allergy symptoms at home. A soothing cream such as calamine lotion can help ease a mild rash and skin inflammation. In addition, over-the-counter hydrocortisone ointment or lotion can help reduce symptoms. A doctor can also prescribe oral steroids if symptoms are severe. If an allergy is the result of direct contact with seaweed, vigorously wash the affected area with water and soap to help remove seaweed toxins from the surface of the skin. Go to the emergency room if you experience chest pain, wheezing, a weak pulse or dizziness. These could be symptoms of anaphylaxis, which is life threatening.

• You can treat mild allergy symptoms at home.
• A soothing cream such as calamine lotion can help ease a mild rash and skin inflammation.

Prevention is Key

What Are the Benefits of Seaweed for Skin?

In order to prevent allergy symptoms from reoccurring, refrain from eating seaweed or using any products that contain seaweed if you are allergic. Read all ingredients carefully — seaweed can appear in products you would not normally associate it with such as facial creams and lotions. Do not swim in the ocean if you are allergic to seaweed. If you do swim in the ocean, do not go into water where seaweed blooms are visible or have been reported.

• In order to prevent allergy symptoms from reoccurring, refrain from eating seaweed or using any products that contain seaweed if you are allergic.

6 Water Rashes & How To Treat Them l Water’s Edge Dermatology

Splish, splash, you got a rash? It’s not uncommon for a swim in the ocean or a soak in the hot tub to spell trouble for the skin. And summer — when water activities are in full swing and bothersome sea life can thrive — is the prime time to develop a water rash, especially a pool rash, saltwater rash or lake water rash.

While rashes can be itchy and irritating, they’re usually harmless. “Water rashes may make you uncomfortable and put a damper on your summer, but they’re generally not serious and usually can be treated at home,” said Dr. Alissa O’Brien, a board-certified dermatologist at Water’s Edge Dermatology.

A native Floridian, Dr. O’Brien has had a lifetime of personal experience with a number of water rashes. Here, she gives the lowdown on the most common ones, including how to recognize and treat them.

1. Sea lice

If you develop a red, itchy rash under your swimsuit or rash guard after being in the ocean, sea lice may be to blame. No relation to head lice, these tiny, translucent larvae of thimble jellyfish are born during the summer spawning season.

Sea lice can get trapped in your hair or under your swimsuit, which is why the rash is usually most prominent on the neck, back, chest, abdomen, groin and backside. Pressure on the larvae causes them to release their toxins. You may feel a slight prickling sensation. Over several hours, a rash, sometimes called “sea bather’s eruption,” develops.

For immediate relief, look in your kitchen. “Vinegar is quite helpful in neutralizing sea lice and reducing symptoms,” said Dr. O’Brien. “In fact, many Floridians keep vinegar spray on their boat and spray down when getting out of the water. We smell like salad dressing, but it helps!”

The rash usually resolves on its own after a week or two. An oral antihistamine such as Benadryl, along with hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion, can also ease itching and pain. Cool compresses and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen may help, too.

Some people may experience more severe symptoms, including fever, nausea, diarrhea and chills. “These usually affect children and people with allergies,” said Dr. O’Brien. A doctor may prescribe a steroid in the event of a serious reaction.

Infestations of sea lice come and go. On some beaches, purple flags may warn swimmers of the risk. Wearing as little clothing as possible when in the water — no T-shirts or long shorts, and bikinis for women instead of one-piece bathing suits — can help you avoid a sea lice rash.

2. Chlorine rash

The disinfecting power of chlorine (it’s the same chemical found in household bleach, just in a lower concentration) can strip the protective oils from skin, leaving it dry, red and itchy. In people with eczema, this irritation can cause eczema flare-ups.

Hydrocortisone cream can help tame the symptoms of a chlorine rash. Skin usually calms down after a few days, but you should take a break from the pool until it does to avoid further irritation.

To prevent future rashes from pool water, do more than rinse off when you get out of the pool; shower and wash diligently with a gentle soap to remove some of the film that chlorine forms on skin. If you swim frequently, you may want to purchase a special swimmer’s soap or body wash designed to remove chlorine. Ingredients such as vitamin C break the bonds it forms on skin. Finish up with moisturizer to offset the drying effect of the pool water (the more you get in and out of the pool, the worse the effect is), and reapply it often. Keep in mind that most sunscreens are moisturizing — another good reason to reapply sunscreen after swimming.

3. Swimmer’s itch

This rash can develop after swimming in fresh water, such as lakes, ponds and rivers. It’s caused by tiny parasites, called schistosomes, released by infected snails. The parasites burrow into skin not covered by your swimsuit — you may feel a tingling sensation as they dig in — and trigger an allergic reaction. (Don’t worry, they can’t survive in humans and die almost immediately.) The parasites have been found in lakes in all 50 states but are most common around the Great Lakes.

“The rash shows up pretty quickly, usually within 24 hours, though it happens faster if you’ve had exposure in the past,” said Dr. O’Brien. “You’ll have itchy red dots all over the place from where the parasites got into the skin.” Swimmer’s itch is uncomfortable, but it usually clears up on its own in a few days to a week. In the meantime, you can control the itching with oral Benadryl and hydrocortisone cream.

4. Hot tub rash

You might think nothing can survive in the toasty water of a hot tub, but that’s just not true. “Bacteria love to live in hot water, especially if it’s not chlorinated well enough,” said Dr. O’Brien. Worse still, “The skin is easier to penetrate when it’s warm, so it creates the perfect environment for an infection to develop.”

Hot tub rash, aka hot tub folliculitis, is an infection of the hair follicle by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium. Most people see breakouts about 12 to 48 hours after being exposed. The bright red bumps, which may be pus filled, can appear on any part of the body that has hair, but they tend to be worse in areas your swimsuit covered.

The rash usually clears up in a few days. “It doesn’t tend to be intensely itchy like some other rashes,” said Dr. O’Brien. But if you find yourself scratching a lot, oral Benadryl and calamine lotion should help. Skip the hydrocortisone cream, since steroids can make infections worse.

5. Jellyfish stings

Jellyfish and the Portuguese man-of-war thrive in saltwater and their stings are common around the Florida coast. Most jellyfish and man-of-war stings usually aren’t very dangerous, but the toxin they release causes immediate pain and burning that can last for several hours. Use these tips immediately after being stung to help reduce the pain:

• Rinse the area with vinegar, which can neutralize the venom.
• Do not rinse with plain water as it can trigger the release of more toxin.
• Do not urinate on the sting; urine can also aggravate the stingers and worsen the pain.
• Use tweezers to remove any tentacles still on the skin. Do not scrape them away with a credit card or other scraping device — you’ll only cause the stingers to release more venom.

Shortly after you’re stung, a line of red welts develops where the tentacle touched you — it can look like you’ve been hit with a whip. You may experience itching and swelling, and some people may develop hives or blisters. Oral Benadryl, NSAIDs and hydrocortisone cream can help reduce pain and inflammation, which should resolve after a week or two.

6. Blue-green algae rash

Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, is what most people know as “pond scum.” It floats on the top of the water or lies below the surface and can “bloom” when the water is warm and calm. It sometimes produces toxins (cyanotoxins) that can be irritating to skin or trigger an allergic reaction. Coming into contact with it can make skin red, swollen and sore. Small blisters sometimes develop.

Blue-green algae can be found in fresh water, salt water or mixed “brackish” water. If you’re exposed to it, remove any contaminated clothing and jewelry and wash your skin with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes. Not everyone who comes into contact with blue-green algae develops symptoms, but if you do, antihistamines and hydrocortisone cream can help relieve them.

To protect yourself from these toxic blooms, steer clear of water that’s discolored and smelly or that has green scum on the surface.

Article Written By: Karyn Repinski is a Brooklyn, NY-based award-winning health and beauty writer.
Medical Review By: Alissa O’Brien, MD

Toxic seaweed a menace to Caribbean tourists

By Carolyn Crist

Tourists to the Caribbean may not realize that a brown drifting seaweed that’s been piling up on beaches in recent years is dangerous, researchers say.

Travelers and doctors alike should be aware that prolonged contact with the Sargassum weed, or inhaling the hydrogen sulfide gas it gives off as it decomposes on the beach, can cause heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, vertigo, headache and skin rashes, the authors write in the Journal of Travel Medicine.

“I’ve observed patients returning from affected areas with unusual symptoms that were reminiscent of an intoxication syndrome in the absence of alternate explanations,” said co-author Dr. Andrea Boggild, clinical director of the Tropical Disease Unit at Toronto General Hospital.

“The more research I did on the topic, the more I realized that this really is an issue that continues to fly under the radar of most medical professionals,” she told Reuters Health by email.

Boggild and co-author Dr. Mary Elizabeth Wilson of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston report that beginning in 2011, larger-than-normal rafts of the brown seaweed began washing up on shores around the Caribbean, originating from the northeast coast of Brazil, and by 2018, record amounts were reported. The seaweed also occurs in China’s Yellow Sea, where it’s known as “golden tide.”

Decomposing Sargassum releases hydrogen sulfide gas and ammonia, which can cause respiratory, skin and neurocognitive symptoms in both local residents and tourists. Toxic exposure typically happens during decomposition, which is about 48 hours after it washes ashore. On the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique alone, more than 11,000 cases of acute Sargassum toxicity were reported during an eight-month period in 2018.

“If the rafts of Sargassum continue, and there is no expectation that they will not, it is likely that medical practitioners will increasingly encounter returning travelers with a range of associated symptoms,” Wilson said.

No specific treatment for Sargassum toxicity exists, although supportive medical care can help. Doctors typically have to diagnose the source of symptoms by ruling out other possibilities. It would be better for travelers to avoid exposure to the seaweed in the first place and to be careful about tour operators or hotels that may not be transparent about the severity of the rafts in the area, the authors write.

“Travelers should consult local news media and search for information about Sargassum in their intended destination,” Boggild said.

Some websites and social media accounts have “Sargassum watches” but these aren’t always accurate, she added, so local news and government advisories may be the best sources for up-to-date information. After returning home, travelers should seek medical care if any symptoms occur, Boggild said.

With Sargassum accumulating along the coasts of Florida, the Gulf of Mexico and the lesser Antilles during the past year, collaborations have begun among oceanographers, ecologists, marine biologists and public health agencies to understand the causes, health effects and prevention strategies, the authors write.

“Physical removal from beaches or fishing community bays will only provide temporary respite – until the next arrival,” said Dr. Dabor Resiere of the University Hospital of Martinique in Fort-de-France, who has studied the Sargassum invasion in the Caribbean.

“This is not just a Caribbean problem – there is an international dimension,” he told Reuters Health by email. “We need the world to step in to highlight the scale of the problem, and to attract the attention of the international scientific community, as well as those who could assist in the logistical handling of the weed.”

At the same time, travelers shouldn’t have to change their travel plans. Resorts and other beachside companies regularly hire cleanup crews, install offshore barriers to limit the seaweed washing ashore, and send boats into the ocean to remove the algae.

“While mass blooms have been forecast for this year, they are less expansive than last year, and I would not cancel my holidays,” said Colette Wabnitz of the University of British Columbia Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries in Vancouver, Canada.

“There is no need to panic,” she said by email. “Use common sense and make sure to heed local travel and health advisories.”

SOURCE: https://bit.ly/32RaQhv Journal of Travel Medicine, online July 1, 2019.

4 common water rashes and what you can do about them

You’ve been for a swim in the lake, and now you’re scratching at a red, irritated rash. What’s going on?

Chances are, you’ve been exposed to something icky-either a parasite or bacteria-living in the water. Rashes caused by recreational waters tend to be under-reported because people rarely see a doctor for treatment, but they’ve always been around, said Patrick Hanington, a researcher with the University of Alberta’s School of Public Health.

“We know that some rashes like swimmer’s itch occur each summer and can be contracted at pretty much every lake in Alberta,” he said.

The good news is, common rashes lurking in Alberta’s lakes and rivers aren’t harmful and usually go away on their own.

“All of these rashes are treatable,” said U of A dermatologist Jaggi Rao. Applying a cool cloth, calamine lotion, aloe vera gel and over-the-counter anti-itch creams are the best ways to generally treat water rashes, but if symptoms of increased pain, swelling, warmth, redness (including red streaks), pus or fever worsen, see your doctor.

The best way to avoid a rash is to stay out of water that is visibly fouled with algae and obey any posted health advisories, but if you do go for a dip, avoid swallowing water and be sure to rinse off or have a shower, then towel off thoroughly so your skin is dry.

Here’s what to look for and what you can do about it.

Swimmer’s itch

This bumpy red rash, which resembles a scattering of mosquito bites, is NOT caused by blue green algae as is often thought, but by the larvae of a worm-like parasite passed between birds and snails and into the water. When swimming, avoid lake vegetation and try to avoid morning dips, when the parasites are most active. The itchy rash can last for up to two weeks. Take care to avoid scratching the affected area, as it can cause infection.

To help relieve symptoms, use corticosteroid cream, apply cool compresses or baking soda paste to the affected area, or bathe in Epsom salts or baking soda.

Cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) rash

Caused by contact with cyanobacteria, which is responsible for blue-green algae in the water, this common skin rash tends to be large, red and very itchy. “It appears like an intense eczema,” Rao said. Depending on the level of toxins in the water and how long a swimmer was exposed to it, the rash, which generally lasts two to three days, could be intense enough to develop lesions and cause skin breakage.

To relieve symptoms, apply calamine lotion or a baking soda paste and if necessary, an over-the-counter corticosteroid cream.

Pseudomonas rash

This bacteria is commonly found in soil and water and can cause a rash if a swimmer has a cut or an abrasion that becomes infected with pseudomonas. The bacteria can also sometimes become trapped in a loose-fitting bathing suit or wetsuit, causing skin irritation. It looks similar to swimmer’s itch, but can appear with a white pustule in the middle of each spot.

Over-the-counter antihistamine can help treat the rash if it is itchy.

Sea-bather’s Eruption

If you’re heading for an ocean or seaside vacation, keep an eye out for this type of rash, which stems from hypersensitivity to jellyfish larvae in the water. It appears as a very itchy outbreak of red bumps similar to Swimmer’s itch, but that appear under the swimsuit of bathers who have extended exposure to seawater.

Minor symptoms can be relieved using corticosteroid cream and calamine lotion. Ibuprofen and aspirin (but not in children) may also help to reduce pain and swelling.

What Are Sea Lice?

Cooling off in the ocean on a hot day is one of life’s great pleasures. Unless you happen to get an itchy, red rash a few hours after you get out of the water.

If you were swimming in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Caribbean Sea, the rash could be a condition called sea lice. While it may make you itchy and uncomfortable for a few days (or a week), there are usually no lasting effects.

Symptoms

You may notice a prickly or stinging sensation while you’re still in the water. But most of the time, it starts anywhere from a few minutes to several hours after you get out of the water.

A red, itchy rash will appear over parts of your body covered by your hair or bathing suit. This can include your groin, rear end, chest, abdomen, neck, or back. You may have 200 stings or more.

Other symptoms include headache, chills, fever, nausea, and abdominal cramps. It’s rare, but some people have to go to the hospital for treatment.

If you’ve had sea lice before and get stung again, you’ll likely feel it right away. Symptoms happen faster the second time around.

Causes

The rash, also called seabather’s eruption, is a form of dermatitis caused by jellyfish larvae in the water. The larvae belong to two marine species that sting: the thimble jellyfish (Linuche unguiculata) and a sea anemone (Edwardsiella lineata). They’re parasites that feed off of fish, not humans. And the word “lice” may make you think of head lice, but there’s no relation at all.

The larvae are transparent, so you can’t see them. And they’re so tiny (2 to 3 millimeters long), they get trapped in your hair, or in between your bathing suit and your skin.

When you get out, the water drains off of you, but the larvae stay behind. Your bathing suit rubs against your skin, causing the larvae to sting you and inject their toxin.

Treatment

First, what not to do: Don’t jump into a shower or pool with your bathing suit on and expect relief. Fresh water will make the jellyfish start to sting again and may worsen your pain. Instead, take off your bathing suit as soon as you can and rinse your body. Wash your suit in hot water and toss it into the dryer to make sure all the larvae are gone. If you had a severe rash, you may even want to get rid of the suit.

Most cases of seabather’s eruption are easy to treat at home. You can apply treatments like hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to your skin a few times a day. They’ll ease the itching and pain. Antihistamines and anti-inflammatory medicines like ibuprofen may help, too. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe a steroid.

Prevention

Aside from staying out of the water, there’s no guaranteed way to prevent sea lice. But there are ways to avoid the rash.

Jellyfish larvae season is generally from March through August. Their numbers are highest between April and July. Swimming in the ocean during this time doesn’t mean you’ll definitely get sea lice, though. Outbreaks come and go.

Listen to local beach reports and pay attention to flags or warning signs posted at beaches. In Florida, a common location for these jellyfish larvae, purple flags warn swimmers about the presence of stinging critters in the water.

Brush up on your knowledge of winds and currents, too. Chances of an outbreak go up where the Gulf Stream passes closest to shore. They’re also higher in places where strong easterly winds combine with shifts in currents to bring the larvae closer to shore.

Don’t wear a T-shirt in the ocean. It may trap more jellyfish larvae against your skin. Women may want to wear a two-piece bathing suit for the same reason.

90,000 Toxic algae were named the main cause of pollution in Kamchatka

https://ria.ru/20201011/vodorosli-1579263940.html

Toxic algae were named the main cause of pollution in Kamchatka

Toxic algae were named the main cause of pollution in Kamchatka – RIA Novosti, 10/11/2020

Toxic algae were named the main cause of pollution in Kamchatka

Toxic algae are considered as the main version of the ecological emergency in Avacha Bay in Kamchatka, said the director of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology… RIA Novosti, 11.10.2020

2020-10-11T12: 08

2020-10-11T12: 08

2020-10-11T15: 04

Society

Kamchatka Territory

Russia

Kamchatka

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MOSCOW, October 11 – RIA Novosti.Toxic algae are considered as the main version of the ecological emergency in the Avacha Bay in Kamchatka, said Alexey Ozerov, director of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Red tide is the general name for water bloom, which releases strong toxins. They can affect benthic organisms, fish and humans. If this water gets on your skin, you may get burned. Previously, scientists have ruled out the version of the harmful effects of volcanic and seismological factors.The volcanoes Klyuchevskoy, Bezymyanny, Shiveluch, which are now erupting, are located 300-400 kilometers from the affected coast. The level of earthquakes in southern and central Kamchatka remains background. According to Ozerov, although it has already been proven that the Kozelsk test site is not related to the death of marine animals, it is necessary to study the influence of other test sites. A change in the color of the water on the Khalaktyrsky beach in Kamchatka was reported at the end of September by local surfers. They complained of eye swelling and skin irritation. Local residents found dead sea animals on the shore at Khalaktyrsky beach, in Bolshaya and Malaya Lagernykh and in Babya Bay.Experts have found that the content of oil products in water exceeds the permissible values ​​by 3.6 times, and phenols – twice. The Investigative Committee opened a criminal case under the articles “Violation of the rules for the circulation of environmentally hazardous substances and waste” and “Pollution of the marine environment”. So far, the authorities are considering three reasons for what happened: technogenic pollution, natural phenomena and seismic activity.

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society, Kamchatka Territory, Russia, water pollution in Kamchatka

MOSCOW, October 11 – RIA Novosti. Toxic algae are considered as the main version of the ecological emergency in the Avacha Bay in Kamchatka, said Alexei Ozerov, director of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

“It is not yet clear. But the option that these are toxic algae comes out on top. Next, one of the main tasks is to conduct sea expeditions. And to figure out what can bring these algae into such an active state that we have red tides.” – said the scientist.

Red tide is the general name for water bloom, in which strong toxins are released. They can affect benthic organisms, fish and humans. If this water gets on your skin, you may get burned.

Previously, scientists have ruled out the version of the harmful effects of volcanic and seismological factors. The volcanoes Klyuchevskoy, Bezymyanny, Shiveluch, which are now erupting, are located 300-400 kilometers from the affected coast. The level of earthquakes in southern and central Kamchatka remains background.

October 9, 2020, 11:17

A scientist commented on the results of water samples in rivers in Kamchatka

According to Ozerov, although it has already been proven that the Kozelsky test site is not related to the death of marine animals, it is necessary to study the influence of other test sites.

“We cannot rule out the harmful effects of substances that are buried, for example, in the Tidal Bay, and so on. I think that the necessary research will be carried out in the near future,” the scientist said.

A change in the color of the water on the Khalaktyrsky beach in Kamchatka was reported at the end of September by local surfers. They complained of eye swelling and skin irritation. Local residents found dead sea animals on the shore at Khalaktyrsky beach, in Bolshaya and Malaya Lagernykh and in Babya Bay.Experts have found that the content of oil products in water exceeds the permissible values ​​by 3.6 times, and phenols – twice.

The Investigative Committee opened a criminal case under the articles “Violation of the rules for the circulation of environmentally hazardous substances and waste” and “Pollution of the marine environment”. So far, the authorities are considering three reasons for what happened: technogenic pollution, natural phenomena and seismic activity.

10 October 2020, 12:36

A ship dumping waste off the coast of Kamchatka was found with the help of a satellite

RAS considers toxic algae to be the cause of pollution in Kamchatka

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The RAS considers toxic algae to be the cause of pollution in Kamchatka

The RAS considers toxic algae to be the cause of pollution in Kamchatka – RIA Novosti, 11.10.2020

The RAS considers toxic algae to be the cause of pollution in Kamchatka

Scientists consider toxic algae to be the main cause of pollution of the water area off the coast of Kamchatka. This was stated by the director of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology … RIA Novosti, 11.10.2020

2020-10-11T16: 12

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2020-10-11T16: 12

ecology

Petropavlovsk -Kamchatka

Far Eastern Federal University

Earth – RIA Science

Water pollution in Kamchatka

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MOSCOW, October 11 – RIA Novosti. Scientists believe that toxic algae are the main cause of pollution of the water area off the coast of Kamchatka. Aleksey Ozerov, director of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, stated this. Red tide is the general name for water bloom, in which strong toxins are released. They can affect benthic organisms, fish and humans. If this water gets on your skin, you may get burned.Previously, scientists have ruled out the version of the harmful effects of volcanic and seismological factors. The volcanoes Klyuchevskoy, Bezymyanny, Shiveluch, which are now erupting, are located 300-400 kilometers from the affected coast. The level of earthquakes in southern and central Kamchatka remains background. In addition, experts investigated the rivers in the vicinity of the river near the Kozelsk pesticide test site, and found that it had nothing to do with the death of marine animals. Nevertheless, according to Ozerov, it is necessary to investigate the influence of other polygons.”We cannot rule out the harmful effects of substances that are buried, for example, in the Tridalnaya Bay and so on. I think that the necessary research will be carried out in the near future,” the scientist said. place in Kamchatka – local surfers were the first to report at the end of September. According to them, after swimming, their eyes were swollen and their skin irritated. In addition, the locals found dead animals on the beach: starfish, sea urchins, octopus, and seagulls.Experts took samples and found that the content of oil products in the water exceeded 3.6 times, phenols – twice. Local residents were advised not to visit the beach. The Investigative Committee opened a criminal case under the articles “Violation of the rules for the circulation of environmentally hazardous substances and waste” and “Pollution of the marine environment.” about 40 kilometers.Analyzes of the first images showed that the streak was caused by a bloom of microalgae. When flying from the air, the scientists were able to identify several areas of accumulation of algae with a width of 30 to 100 meters. “From the air, we identified the accumulations of these algae as dark green spots. We are now conducting laboratory analysis of water samples, “said Kirill Vinnikov, head of the laboratory of ecology and evolutionary biology of aquatic organisms. What happens at the bottom In addition, Kirill Vinnikov and his colleague Alexander Semenchenko examined the seabed north of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and collected samples of plankton, water, soil and animals.According to him, divers dived to depths of six to 15 meters. They note that on average, on 100 meters of the bottom, there are several dozen sea urchins, about five to ten sea stars, 30-50 chitons, five to ten hermit crabs, up to five Buccinums and up to ten Lottia and Acmeus. “Some hedgehogs are beaten and have lost needles, some of the animals behave sluggishly. At the same time, there are many brown algae without any traces of influence. Crabs and hermit crabs are active. Scientists record that without a detailed comparison with historical data on the population of this part of the water area, one cannot confidently speak benefit of one of the hypotheses of what is happening, “added the vice-rector.

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ecology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Far Eastern Federal University, Earth – RIA Science, water pollution in Kamchatka

MOSCOW, October 11 – RIA Novosti. Scientists believe that toxic algae are the main cause of pollution of the water area off the coast of Kamchatka. This was stated by Alexey Ozerov, director of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

“It is not yet clear. But the option that these are toxic algae comes out on top. Next, one of the main tasks is to conduct sea expeditions. And to figure out what can bring these algae into such an active state that we have red tides.” – said the scientist.

Red tide is the general name for water bloom, in which strong toxins are released. They can affect benthic organisms, fish and humans. If this water gets on your skin, you may get burned.

Previously, scientists have ruled out the version of the harmful effects of volcanic and seismological factors. The volcanoes Klyuchevskoy, Bezymyanny, Shiveluch, which are now erupting, are located 300-400 kilometers from the affected coast. The level of earthquakes in southern and central Kamchatka remains background.

October 9, 2020, 11:17

The scientist commented on the results of water samples in the rivers in Kamchatka

In addition, experts investigated the rivers in the vicinity of the river near the Kozelsk pesticide test site, and found that it had nothing to do with the death of marine animals. Nevertheless, according to Ozerov, it is necessary to investigate the influence of other polygons.

“We cannot rule out the harmful effects of substances that are buried, for example, in the Tidal Bay, and so on. I think that the necessary research will be carried out in the near future,” the scientist said.

Emergency on the beach

The change in the color of the water on the Khalaktyrsky beach – a popular tourist destination in Kamchatka – was first reported by local surfers at the end of September. According to them, after swimming, their eyes were swollen, and the skin was irritated.

In addition, the locals found dead animals on the beach: starfish, sea urchins, octopus, seagulls.

Experts took samples and found out that the content of oil products in water was 3.6 times exceeded, phenols – twice.Local residents were advised not to visit the beach. The Investigative Committee opened a criminal case under the articles “Violation of the rules for the circulation of environmentally hazardous substances and waste” and “Pollution of the marine environment”.

October 8, 2020, 12:42 pm

Vladimir Solodov: Kamchatka will cope with the test put by people

A spot of algae

Recently, scientists from the Far Eastern Federal University discovered along the coast south of Avacha Bay – from Salvation Bay to Listvennichnaya Bay – a spot pollution is about 40 kilometers long.Analyzes of the first samples showed that the streak was caused by a microalgae bloom.

“Microalgae of the species Dinophysis Fortii were found in the obtained samples. This is a planktonic dinoflagellate living in the ocean waters near Kamchatka. <...> The information circulating in the press about continuous pollution is not confirmed,” the university noted.

During a flight from the air, scientists managed to identify several areas of accumulation of algae with a width of 30 to 100 meters.

“From the air, we identified the accumulations of these algae as dark green spots.In large quantities, they are clearly visible. Now we are conducting laboratory analysis of water samples, “said Kirill Vinnikov, head of the laboratory of ecology and evolutionary biology of aquatic organisms.

October 8, 2020, 07:54

After sea pollution in Kamchatka, eight people received corneal burns

What is happening at the bottom

In addition, Kirill Vinnikov and his colleague Alexander Semenchenko examined the seabed north of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and collected samples of plankton, water, soil and animals.

“No traces of technogenic pollution were visually detected, birds are found on the surface of the water. The water is of normal color, the animals found do not smell, there are no extraneous traces on the ground. The divers after diving and the crew are in good order after a day at sea, without any symptoms.” – FEFU Vice-Rector Dmitry Zemtsov wrote on Facebook.

According to him, divers dived to depths of six to 15 meters. They note that on average, on 100 meters of the bottom, there are several dozen sea urchins, about five to ten sea stars, 30-50 chitons, five to ten hermit crabs, up to five buccinums and up to ten lottias and acmeas.

“Some hedgehogs are beaten and lost needles, some of the animals behave sluggishly. At the same time, there are many brown algae without any traces of influence. Crabs and hermit crabs are active. Scientists record that without a detailed comparison with historical data on population this part of the water area cannot be confidently expressed in favor of one of the hypotheses of what is happening, “added the vice-rector.

Environmental disaster in Kamchatka

1 of 15

Surfers were the first to notice the situation.They noticed that the water on Khalaktyrsky beach changed color.

2 of 15

In addition, surfers reported swollen eyes and skin irritation.

In the photo – the founder of the surfing school Snowave Anton Morozov.

3 of 15

Nine people, including a child, consulted a doctor. Doctors diagnosed them with a chemical burn of the cornea.

4 of 15

All applicants visited the Pacific coast and came into contact with water.

5 out of 15

Experts have revealed an increased content of oil products and phenols in the water.

6 of 15

The Environmental Prosecutor’s Office has started an inspection.

7 of 15

Dead sea animals were found on Khalaktyrsky beach, on Bolshaya and Malaya Lagernye and in Babya Bay.

8 of 15

Local residents were advised to limit their visits to the beach.

9 of 15

Samples of sand, water and animal samples were sent by plane to Moscow for analysis.

© RIA Novosti / Alexander Piragis / Go to photo bank

The authorities are considering three reasons for the incident: technogenic pollution, natural phenomena and seismic activity.

In the photo: Governor of the Kamchatka Territory Vladimir Solodov during an interview on Khalaktyrsky beach.

10 of 15

The authorities are still considering three reasons for what happened: technogenic pollution, natural phenomena and seismic activity.

In the photo: Governor of the Kamchatka Territory Vladimir Solodov during an interview on Khalaktyrsky beach.

11 of 15

A special working group has been created in the region. Scientists were involved in the research.

12 of 15

Chairman of the Investigative Committee Alexander Bastrykin instructed to transfer the inspection materials to the central office of the department.

13 of 15

The shores of Kamchatka are examined by rescuers and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

14 of 15

To restore the picture of events, images from space are analyzed.

15 of 15

The Krai is planning to deploy a system of constant monitoring of the state of the environment.

1 of 15

Surfers were the first to notice the situation. They noticed that the water on Khalaktyrsky beach changed color.

2 of 15

In addition, surfers reported swollen eyes and skin irritation.

In the photo – the founder of the surfing school Snowave Anton Morozov.

3 of 15

Nine people, including a child, consulted a doctor. Doctors diagnosed them with a chemical burn of the cornea.

4 of 15

All applicants visited the Pacific coast and came into contact with water.

5 out of 15

Experts have revealed an increased content of oil products and phenols in the water.

6 of 15

The Environmental Prosecutor’s Office has started an inspection.

7 of 15

Dead sea animals were found on Khalaktyrsky beach, on Bolshaya and Malaya Lagernye and in Babya Bay.

8 of 15

Local residents were advised to limit their visits to the beach.

9 of 15

Samples of sand, water and animal samples were sent by plane to Moscow for analysis.

10 of 15

The authorities are still considering three reasons for what happened: technogenic pollution, natural phenomena and seismic activity.

In the photo: Governor of the Kamchatka Territory Vladimir Solodov during an interview on Khalaktyrsky beach.

11 of 15

A special working group has been created in the region. Scientists were involved in the research.

12 of 15

Chairman of the Investigative Committee Alexander Bastrykin instructed to transfer the inspection materials to the central office of the department.

13 of 15

The shores of Kamchatka are examined by rescuers and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

14 of 15

To restore the picture of events, images from space are analyzed.

15 of 15

The Krai is planning to deploy a system of constant monitoring of the state of the environment.

The expert explained why the algae that polluted Kamchatka are harmful

PHOTO: ALEXANDER MASCHENKO / PG

Algae dinoflagellates, which the Ministry of Natural Resources suspects of water pollution in Kamchatka, are capable of emitting harmful substances.But only a narrow specialist will be able to determine under what conditions this happens, Galina Belyakova, associate professor of the Department of Mycology and Algology of Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov, told the 360 ​​TV channel.

Earlier, the head of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation Dmitry Kobylkin said that the toxicity of algae caused the death of marine animals in Kamchatka, but there is still no understanding of what provoked such a reaction.

Belyakova noted that only a narrow specialist can determine under what conditions these algae can release harmful substances.“It’s not as easy as it sounds. During the Second World War, red tides were recorded for the first time, and a lot of work is being done with them. But there is no definite answer. They emit toxins of a different group and a lot. Some act on the liver, while others damage the nervous system. There are toxins that are responsible for memory loss. Others cause conjunctivitis, dermatitis, ”she explained.

The complexity of the study of these algae is also due to the fact that for a long time they could not be cultivated, the scientist added.

“They learned to cultivate them only 50 years ago. These are not bacteria that can be grown. They are difficult to work with. This group of algae is generally unique. Nobody else has such a nucleus structure, ”Belyakova said.

The story of the pollution of the Kamchatka water area became resonant at the end of September after the reports of surfers about the change in the color of the water on the Khalaktyrsky beach, “Tsargrad” writes. They also stated that their eyes were swollen and skin irritated. Later, many dead sea animals were found on the beach and in nearby bays on the east coast of the peninsula.Criminal cases have been initiated, an investigation is underway.

Experts recorded an excess of phenol and petroleum products in the coastal zone near Khalaktyrsky beach. Later, pollution was revealed in three more areas of the Avacha Bay water area. The facts of the death of marine life were revealed in Bolshaya and Malaya Lagernaya bays, as well as in Babya bay.

Algae GUAM

Algae are the oldest plants on our planet.They have an amazing ability to extract from sea water and concentrate in themselves a wide range of vitamins, various micro- and macroelements: seaweed contains many times more of them than land plants. Algae contain amino acids, iodine, folic acid, their protein constituents and growth factors are invaluable and have incredible regenerating properties.

In order for seaweed to retain all its beneficial properties, GUAM adheres to strict adherence to the basic rules for their extraction and processing:

• When choosing algae, they focus primarily on young plants that are in complete harmony with the environment.The main rule of LACOTE S.r.l when collecting algae is self-renewing reserves of valuable marine resources. That is why the algae are not removed by the roots, but carefully cut with special equipment (SCOUBIDOU) installed on the ships.
• Airing and drying is carried out immediately after collection, in an exclusively natural and traditional way. Algae are carefully laid out on “rock plantations” directly on the seashore and for several days sea healers are dried by the sun and warm wind saturated with iodine and salt.
• All work is carried out in the warm season, so only in this case all the beneficial properties of algae will be fully preserved. Harvesting of algae begins in May, when the plants are young and full of vitality, and ends in November during the rainy season, when natural drying of the algae becomes impossible.
• The selection, collection and processing of GUAM algae is always carried out with the strictest observance of all rules! LACOTE harvests algae every year at the same time and in the same places in the ocean.

Due to its high lipolytic activity, seaweed is used in anti-cellulite and modeling programs. They have a pronounced drainage and detoxifying effect, stimulate the elimination of stagnant fluid, toxins and toxins.

Penetrating deep into the skin, the algae extract also provides deep hydration, which lasts for a long time, giving the skin elasticity, restoring its smoothness and elasticity. These are the common properties that combine all algae into a unique healing program for body, face and hair.Each type of algae has its own characteristics.

GUAM preparations contain BROWN ALGAE (kelp, fucus bladder, coral moss), BLUE-GREEN ALGAE (spirulina, ulva), GREEN ALGAE (chlorella, codium), RED ALGAE, chondyratus criminium …

LAMINARIA – a recognized favorite among algae-lipolytic, contains high-molecular polysaccharides, mineral salts, iodine, vitamins.Promotes the breakdown of fats, restoration of immunity, moisturizes and tones the skin, helps to reduce the appearance of cellulite.

FUCUS – has a pronounced effect of restoring the mineral balance, provides intensive skin hydration, contributes to body shaping, is an indirect lipolytic, has a lymphatic drainage effect.

ULVA (ULVA) – increases the elasticity of the skin due to the active action of organic iodine, fucosterol, mineral salts, vitamins, ensures the regulation of fat metabolism and improves blood circulation.

SPIRULINA – has a lipolytic, detoxifying effect. Contains about 65% of complete protein, which promotes the synthesis of elastin, smoothes the skin’s relief, tightens and strengthens it. Does not contain iodine!

GELIDIUM (GELIDIUM SESQUIPEDALE) – an excellent lipolytic, helping to reduce excess fat deposits, blocking lipogenesis. Has a detoxifying effect, cleanses the skin of toxins and toxins.

PORPHYRA – contains a large amount of protein and fatty acids, which are involved in the construction of cell membranes, stimulate cell regeneration, together with beta-carotene prevents the premature appearance of wrinkles and blocks the action of free radicals.

CODIUM – stimulates cell metabolism, promotes tissue regeneration, relieves irritation. In addition to many trace elements, algae is rich in vitamin C, acts as an antioxidant, increases the protective properties of the skin, and also has a brightening effect by regulating the production of melanin.

CHLORELLA (CHLORELLA VULGARIS) – has an exceptional property of rejuvenating the skin, ideally relieves fatigue, puffiness, irritation, cleanses pores and heals, giving the skin a healthy and youthful appearance.

LITHOTHAMNIUM – crushed lithotam, added to wraps, also acts as small natural abrasive particles that gently exfoliate dead cells and stimulate the growth of new epithelial cells, which can significantly increase the elasticity and tone of the face and body skin.

CHONDRUS CRISPUS – Irish moss is called marine silicone in cosmetology because of its ability to create a thin moisture-retaining film on the skin surface.Has a healing, tightening, antiseptic effect.

Concentrated SEA ALGAE EXTRACT GUAM is obtained with the help of special extraction treatments of young plants, which retain unchanged all the healing characteristics and functional properties of algae used in the production of preparations.

The concentration of algae in GUAM preparations is more than 21%: more than 15% is a dry extract from whole dried algae (each kilogram of dried whole algae is equivalent to at least 5 kg of fresh algae), 6% is a phyto extract isolated directly from fresh algae.

90,000 Biologists: algae bloom could kill the marine life of Kamchatka

Around the same time that an unexplained catastrophe took the lives of 95% of the marine life off the coast of Kamchatka earlier this month, yellow foam covered an area of ​​water so large that it could be seen from space.

This is a clue that prompted some of Russia’s leading marine biologists to blame the disaster on a toxic algae bloom.Their rapid growth produces toxins that are deadly to marine life and even humans.

“I think in this case the version of toxic algal blooms looks more reliable than chemical pollution,” Julia Polyak, senior researcher at the Scientific Research Center for Environmental Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, told The Moscow Times.

A week after locals caught the attention of the whole country by posting shocking images of dead sea animals on Khalaktyr Beach, experts are still trying to determine the cause of the mysterious mass extinction of animals.

Scientists ruled out an earthquake associated with the volcano, and the governor of the Kamchatka region, Vladimir Solodov, rejected the popular explanation that the disaster was caused by a rocket fuel leak from a nearby military base. On Monday, he said that a laboratory in Moscow had not found dimethylhydrazine in the water, which would have been present if a leak had occurred.

Nevertheless, Solodov stated that, in his opinion, the most likely explanation is the spill of some kind of artificial toxin.Tests have shown that the level of petroleum products in the water is four times higher than normal, and the level of phenol is 2.5 times higher than normal. On Wednesday, the Investigative Committee of Russia opened a criminal case on environmental pollution.

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However, such levels of oil in the water “could hardly have led to catastrophic consequences,” said Polyak, who believes that investigators should test water and dead animals for “microalgae toxins.”

On Thursday, Rosprirodnadzor reported that it had not found toxic substances in the water.

Satellite image of the Kamchatka coast on September 9.
zelenyikot / livejournal / Sentinel Hub / Greenpeace

Scientists say that as a result of climate change, toxic algae blooms are becoming more common and toxic around the world. In Florida, an algal bloom that ended last year killed 589 sea turtles, 127 dolphins and more than 100 manatees.

In its report on the disaster, which is at the disposal of VTimes, Roshydromet reported that “even a sharp release of some metal from an unknown source could hardly cause poisoning in such a vast area.”

The document, according to VTimes, also mentions harmful algal blooms and notes that one in the same area in the 1980s. led to the mass extinction of fish.

“A feature of this cause of death is the almost unlimited affected water area, since phytoplankton blooms can cover very large areas,” the report says.

Another clue, Pole said, may be symptoms that local surfers began reporting in mid-September, even before dead animals began to appear on the shore. Surfers complained of eye burns, sore throats and nausea.

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, symptoms of algae toxin poisoning include irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, or throat. Abdominal pain, headaches, vomiting and diarrhea, as well as neurological symptoms such as seizures, are also possible.

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Public protest

The fact that the Russian authorities are following the incident so carefully is primarily due to the surfers who were the first to report the disaster.

When dead crabs, fish, octopuses, sea urchins and other sea animals began to wash ashore late last month, surfers urged Governor Solodov to respond.

Not all government agencies took the issue seriously at first.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Kamchatka responded with a video with the comment: “The color of the water is normal, the smell in the air is normal, the beach is absolutely clean.”

In response, local surfer Anton Morozov sent a message and photos of the dead marine life to the popular blogger Yuri Dudyu, who has almost 4.5 million followers on Instagram.

“A month has passed already,” Morozov wrote in the message.”There was no reaction to prevent the catastrophe and save the situation.”

It was only then that Solodov began to act, inviting journalists and local residents to regular discussions, said Katya Dyba, 30, who works at the local surf school Snowave and helped draw the country’s attention to the disaster.

“I must admit that the investigation is quite transparent, which, in my opinion, is a very rare occurrence in Russia,” said Dyba, who is a member of an unofficial working group trying to determine the cause of the disaster.”I think our noise-raising work played a big role.”

She also noted that the informal working group enjoyed support throughout the country.

“People from all over the world send us useful information,” she said. – Obviously, this topic has caused a response. This can be viewed as a local problem, but it is also an acute problem for many other regions of Russia. ”

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Environmental issues

In recent years, environmental safety has begun to seriously concern Russians.

In 2018, a poll conducted by the President’s Human Rights Council showed that respondents consider environmental safety their right, which is most often violated by the authorities.

Last month, 22% of respondents to a poll published by the Levada Center said that the problem that worries them most, apart from rising prices, poverty and corruption, is environmental degradation.

And when Levada asked respondents earlier this year to name the biggest threats to humanity in the 21st century, 48% cited environmental pollution.

In part, this trend has arisen due to the almost constant presence of one or another environmental threat, which, in the opinion of Russians, is caused by the actions of the authorities.

In the spring of 2018, toxic fumes were leaked from a landfill near Moscow, resulting in more than 50 children being hospitalized. The authorities proposed a solution – to send waste from the capital to the north, to a new landfill near the Shies station in the Arkhangelsk region. After two years of local protests in June, the authorities had to abandon the plan.

Earlier this year, after those responsible for a massive oil spill near Norilsk tried to hide it, their actions angered even President Vladimir Putin.

Political scientist Yekaterina Shulman said governors have learned a lesson from recent protests over environmental concerns. She pointed out that Putin had fired three governors during the protests in Shies.

She also reminded that this summer there was a protest action against the construction of a mine on the “sacred” Kushtau hill in the Republic of Bashkortostan.This time, after two weeks of clashes between residents and security forces, the governor intervened and stopped construction.

“If we put these three cases in the time frame – Shies, Kushtau, Kamchatka – the amount of time that the locals have to protest has decreased,” Shulman said.

She added that the willingness to protest is growing due to the fact that environmental topics are still considered non-political, so people do not feel risk speaking about it.

“This is one of the most important topics for Russians,” she said.

Means for the destruction of algae Grass Algicide 30 kg (concentrate)

Means for the destruction of algae Grass Algicide 30 kg (concentrate)
Purpose: is intended for purification and treatment of water manually or automatically; in existing, reconstructed and under construction swimming pools for sports and recreational purposes, including open ones, swimming pools at school, preschool and health institutions; water in fountains, pools of water parks, bathing complexes and saunas, as well as in pools with sea water, for the preparation and purification of water in household, drinking and industrial water supply; for wastewater treatment in industrial and agriculture.Pre-treatment of the pool bowl before filling: for 1000 ml of Algicide, apply 10 liters of water to clean walls and bottom, after processing, leave it dry without rinsing!
Method of application: before use it is necessary to rinse (clean) the filter and maintain the pH level within the range (7.2-7.4), the level of free chlorine (0.3-0.5 ml / g). The product is added using a measuring device directly into the water near the water supply or along the perimeter to several places, pre-dissolve in a separate container with water, or using an automatic dispenser.Capital treatment is carried out in conjunction with a chlorine disinfectant, 200 ml per 10 m3 of water, after treatment, a technical break in the operation of the pool is required for at least 12 hours, with continuous filtration, after treatment, it is necessary to rinse the filter. Current treatment: 100 ml per 10 m3 of water (outdoor pool) and 50 ml per 10 m3 of water (indoor pool). Add a shock dose of chlorine disinfectant to the pool overgrown with algae, then after 10-12 hours add 250 ml of algicide per 10 m3 of water, after treatment, a technical break in the operation of the pool is required for at least 18 hours, with continuous filtration, after processing, the filter must be washed.Additional information: Algicide can be used for antifungal treatment of rubber and plastic tracks, flooring, tile edges.
Composition: ≥30% purified water; ≥5 but <15% quaternary ammonium compounds; <5% copper sulfate.
Precautions: Caution! Harmful if swallowed. Irritating to skin and eyes. Toxic to aquatic life. Use rubber gloves, eye protection, face protection. If the product comes into contact with the skin, wash it off with soap and water.In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water. Keep out of the reach of children! If necessary, seek medical advice from a doctor. Do not mix with other chemicals. Use strictly as directed!
Storage conditions: Store in the original hermetically sealed container, in ventilated rooms at temperatures from +5 ° C to +30 ° C, prevent freezing, keep away from heat and direct sunlight.
Shelf life: 24 months from the date of production (subject to storage conditions recommended by the manufacturer).It is possible for a slight sediment to form, which does not affect the quality of the product. The production date and batch number are indicated on the packaging.

90,000 “Scary and terrible” blue-green or everything about “blooming” water

Every summer, the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea and the bays turn into a thick and extremely unsightly-looking “soup”. Some daredevils, not noticing the changes, boldly splash in this liquid, while others, in the literal sense of the word, continue to fish in troubled water.Are they taking risks? Should you beware of “green” water bodies? Is it possible to eat the catch caught in them? The staff of the Institute of Oceanology named after V.I. Shirshov was told at a lecture at the Kaliningrad Zoo in the framework of the international project “Barents-Baltic Program: Nature and Man”. So, “Scary blue-green” or all about “blooming” water in questions and answers!
What is water bloom?
Of course, in the sense we are used to, water cannot bloom. “Blooming” of water is a change in its color due to the active development of microalgae, or phytoplankton.”Blossoming” is considered abundant if 10 g of microalgae are present in 1 m³ of water. If their number reaches 100 or more g per 1 m³, they speak of “hyperflorescence”.
Depending on what type of phytoplankton prevails in the reservoir, the “blooming” water is colored red, yellow, blue or green. The Curonian and Kaliningrad bays have chosen blue-green algae, therefore, in the warm season, with the onset of flowering, the water in these reservoirs is colored in different shades of green (blue-green, gray-green, greenish-brown).Dying off, algae color the water brown. Blooms are often accompanied by an unpleasant musty odor.
Since 2008, long-term hyperflorescences of blue-green algae have become annual in the Curonian and Kaliningrad bays.

Blue-green – who are they?
Blue-green algae or cyanobacteria are the true pioneers of the living world. They are among the oldest organisms on the planet: they are found in rocks formed over 3.5 billion years ago.At the same time, the structure of the cell of fossil algae is almost the same as that of the cell of living species.
Cyanobacteria are the closest “relatives” of bacteria. They are found in the seas, in the soil, on rocks, on the bark of trees, on glaciers, and even in hot springs. But most often cyanobacteria live in fresh water, where they float freely or attach to rocks and other objects at the bottom of shallow water bodies.
The cells of many species of blue-green are grouped into colonies or chains (threads), which, when sticking together, form clusters visible in water, resembling greenish lumps, flakes, clots in shape.

Why does water bloom?
Not much is needed for phytoplankton, including cyanobacteria, to feel good and reproduce actively. Take industrial and sewage waste, rich in nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus, add sunny, warm, windless weather to them, mix well and voila: blue-green foul-smelling soup is ready instead of a clean sea or bay!
Is water bloom dangerous?
In fact, cyanobacteria are not as harmless as they seem at first glance.In addition to the unpleasant color and smell, some of their species are capable of producing a real poison. Only it is called “toxin” – a poison of organic origin. At times, it can be even more dangerous than the notorious potassium cyanide. In many countries, deaths from these toxins have been recorded for a wide variety of animals: fish, fish-eating birds, dogs, cattle, sheep and pigs.
The worst thing is that toxins can accumulate, which means that they pose the greatest danger to organisms at the top of the food chain.Why? It’s simple: for example, there are 10 units of toxins in phytoplankton. In zooplankton, which has eaten contaminated phytoplankton of toxins, there are already 100 units of toxins. The fish ate zooplankton and received 1000 units of toxins. The fish was eaten by a bird – 10,000 units. The bird was shot by a man – get 100,000 units of poison!
According to their chemical structure and direction of action, cyanotoxins are divided into 2 groups: affecting the digestive organs (hepatotoxic cyclic peptides) and affecting the nervous system (neurotoxic alkaloids).The former are “factors of rapid death”, as they cause the death of laboratory animals (mice) within 1-4 hours; the second – “factors of very rapid death” (death occurs within 2-30 minutes).
In humans, cyanotoxins can cause chronic liver damage, diseases of the kidneys and other elements of the digestive tract, pneumonia, various allergic reactions, dermatitis, and eye irritation. Their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects are especially dangerous.
Children and animals are more susceptible to toxins.

What are the signs of human exposure to cyanotoxins?
External contact: itching and skin rashes, eye irritation, watery eyes.
Ingestion of toxic water: headache, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, joint and muscle pain.
What to do to protect yourself and your loved ones?
– do not drink water from “blooming” reservoirs. Provide alternative sources of water for people and pets.
– Avoid swimming, riding a scooter, and other types of contact with blooming water.
– supervise children and pets, do not let them come into contact with water, with wet and dry “film” of cyanobacteria in the water and on the shore.
– do not use water for watering food plants (vegetables, fruit trees).
The project “Barents-Baltic Program: Nature and Man” involves not only researching the current state of the Curonian Lagoon, but also monitoring the health status of the population living on its shores.(According to the data of numerous studies, a connection has been revealed between toxic “blooms” of water and a certain set of diseases in humans). If you want to join the volunteer corps of the project or learn more about the problem of “blooming” of water, write to the curator of the project, an employee of the Institute of Oceanology. Shirshova E.E. Yezhova at [email protected].

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